CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="lv" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Puma — Vikipēdija</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )lvwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"ydm","wgMonthNames":["","janvāris","februāris","marts","aprīlis","maijs","jūnijs","jūlijs","augusts","septembris","oktobris","novembris","decembris"],"wgRequestId":"6650fae6-c135-4732-a757-92bf636877d8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Puma","wgTitle":"Puma","wgCurRevisionId":4057371,"wgRevisionId":4057371,"wgArticleId":58783,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Lapas ar atsaucēm, kas izmanto nevajadzīgus parametrus","Pumas","ASV fauna","Meksikas fauna","Ziemeļamerikas fauna","Centrālamerikas fauna","Dienvidamerikas fauna","Andi"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"lv","wgPageContentLanguage":"lv","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Puma","wgRelevantArticleId":58783,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"lv","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"lv"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q35255","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.opacity-edit","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.Editpage","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents", "ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=lv&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=lv&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=lv&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/CMM_MountainLion.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1500"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/CMM_MountainLion.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1000"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/CMM_MountainLion.jpg/640px-CMM_MountainLion.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Puma — Vikipēdija"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//lv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Labot šo lapu" href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipēdija (lv)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//lv.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.lv"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipēdija Atom padeve" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Puma rootpage-Puma skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pāriet uz saturu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Galvenā izvēlne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Galvenā izvēlne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Galvenā izvēlne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigācija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" title="Iet uz sākumlapu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Sākumlapa</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Kopienas_port%C4%81ls" title="Šeit Tu vari uzdot sev interesējošus jautājumus"><span>Kopienas portāls</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Aktualit%C4%81tes" title="Uzzini, kas nesen noticis Vikipēdijā"><span>Aktualitātes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Izmaiņas, kas nesen izdarītas Vikipēdijā [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Pēdējās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Iet uz nejauši izvēlētu lapu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Nejauša lapa</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:Saturs" title="Vieta, kur uzzināt par Vikipēdiju vairāk"><span>Palīdzība</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Pazi%C5%86ojumi_par_k%C4%BC%C5%ABd%C4%81m"><span>Paziņot par kļūdu</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipēdija:Kontakti"><span>Kontakti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipēdija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-lv.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Brīvā enciklopēdija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-lv.svg" width="120" height="15" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Meklēt</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" aria-label="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Meklēt</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izskats" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izskats</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Puma" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Puma" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Puma" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Puma" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izskats_un_īpašības" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izskats_un_īpašības"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izskats un īpašības</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izskats_un_īpašības-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uzvedība" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzvedība"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uzvedība</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uzvedība-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barība" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barība"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Barība</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barība-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reprodukcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reprodukcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reprodukcija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reprodukcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pasugas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pasugas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pasugas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pasugas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Puma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 115 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">115 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poema" title="Poema – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Poema" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%AB_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A0%E1%88%A3" title="የተራራ አንበሣ – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የተራራ አንበሣ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beorgl%C4%93o" title="Beorglēo – senangļu" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Beorglēo" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="senangļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84" title="أسد الجبال – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسد الجبال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اسد الجبال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسد الجبال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – avāru" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasol_(Puma_concolor)" title="Wasol (Puma concolor) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Wasol (Puma concolor)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="داغ آسلانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داغ آسلانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kougar" title="Kougar – baliešu" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kougar" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কুগার – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুগার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – sebuāņu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A2%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%A5" title="ᏢᏓᏥ – čiroku" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏢᏓᏥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čiroku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan%C3%B3se%27hame" title="Nanóse'hame – šejenu" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Nanóse'hame" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="šejenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – korsikāņu" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_americk%C3%A1" title="Puma americká – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Puma americká" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B9ma" title="Pùma – kašubu" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pùma" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašubu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwma" title="Pwma – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pwma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Πούμα – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πούμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cougar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumo" title="Pumo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuma" title="Puuma – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puuma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C" title="شیر کوهی – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیر کوهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuma" title="Puuma – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puuma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjalla-leyvur" title="Fjalla-leyvur – fēru" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fjalla-leyvur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fēru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pume" title="Pume – friūlu" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Pume" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friūlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BAgar" title="Cúgar – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cúgar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B9ma" title="Pùma – skotu gēlu" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pùma" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotu gēlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguapyt%C3%A3" title="Jaguapytã – gvaranu" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jaguapytã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פומת ההרים – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פומת ההרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="कूगर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कूगर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_(%C3%A1llatfaj)" title="Puma (állatfaj) – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Puma (állatfaj)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Պումա – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պումա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumao" title="Pumao – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pumao" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjallalj%C3%B3n" title="Fjallaljón – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjallaljón" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E" title="ピューマ – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピューマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="პუმა – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პუმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izem_n_idurar" title="Izem n idurar – kabilu" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Izem n idurar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೂಗರ್ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೂಗರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%93%A8%EB%A7%88" title="퓨마 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퓨마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BBgar" title="Kûgar – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kûgar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D3%B1%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Пума (тӱрлык) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пума (тӱрлык)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE" title="പൂമ – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൂമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="प्युमा – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्युमा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="ကူဂါ – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကူဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poema" title="Poema – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Poema" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1shd%C3%B3%C3%ADtsoh" title="Náshdóítsoh – navahu" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Náshdóítsoh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmaa_baddaa" title="Garmaa baddaa – oromu" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Garmaa baddaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੂਗਰ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੂਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_p%C5%82owa" title="Puma płowa – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Puma płowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کوگار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوگار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pum%C4%83" title="Pumă – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pumă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – sicīliešu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicīliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cougar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_americk%C3%A1" title="Puma americká – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Puma americká" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuma" title="Puuma – Inari sāmu" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Puuma" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari sāmu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="ieteikts raksts"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba-milima" title="Simba-milima – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Simba-milima" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மலைச்சிங்கம் – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலைச்சிங்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="เสือพูมา – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสือพูมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – udmurtu" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_(mushuksimonlar)" title="Puma (mushuksimonlar) – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Puma (mushuksimonlar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1o_s%C6%B0_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Báo sư tử – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Báo sư tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – valoņu" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E7%8B%AE" title="美洲狮 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美洲狮" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="პუმა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პუმა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E7%8B%AE" title="美洲狮 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美洲狮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-chiu-sai" title="Bí-chiu-sai – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-chiu-sai" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E7%8D%85" title="美洲獅 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美洲獅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35255#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Labot starpvalodu saites" class="wbc-editpage">Labot saites</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Vārdtelpas"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Puma" title="Apskatīt rakstu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Raksts</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusija:Puma&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusija par šī raksta lapu (vēl nav uzrakstīts) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mainīt valodas variantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">latviešu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Apskates"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Puma"><span>Skatīt</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&veaction=edit" title="Labot šo lapu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Labot šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=edit" title="Labot šīs lapas pirmkodu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Labot pirmkodu</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=history" title="Šīs lapas iepriekšējās versijas. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Hronoloģija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Rīki" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Rīki</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Darbības </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Puma"><span>Skatīt</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&veaction=edit" title="Labot šo lapu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Labot šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=edit" title="Labot šīs lapas pirmkodu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Labot pirmkodu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=history"><span>Hronoloģija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vispārīgi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Puma" title="Visas Vikipēdijas lapas, kurās ir saites uz šejieni [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Norādes uz šo rakstu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Puma" rel="nofollow" title="Izmaiņas, kas nesen izdarītas lapās, kurās ir saites uz šo lapu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Saistītās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Visu īpašo lapu uzskaitījums [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Īpašās lapas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&oldid=4057371" title="Paliekoša saite uz šo lapas versiju"><span>Pastāvīgā saite</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=info" title="Vairāk informācijas par šo lapu"><span>Lapas informācija</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Puma&id=4057371&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Kā pareizi atsaukties uz šo rakstu"><span>Atsauce uz šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Flv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPuma"><span>Iegūt saīsinātu URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Flv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPuma"><span>Lejupielādēt QR kodu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukāt/eksportēt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Puma"><span>Izveidot grāmatu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Puma&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lejupielādēt kā PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&printable=yes" title="Drukājama lapas versija [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukājama versija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Citos projektos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" hreflang="en"><span>Vikikrātuve</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35255" title="Saistītais Vikidatu ieraksts [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ieraksts Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span class="hatnote noexcerpt">Šis raksts ir par kaķu dzimtas sugu. Par vācu uzņēmumu skatīt rakstu <a href="/wiki/Puma_(uz%C5%86%C4%93mums)" title="Puma (uzņēmums)">Puma (uzņēmums)</a>.</span></dd></dl> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em;width:240px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Puma<br /><i>Puma concolor <small>(<a href="/wiki/K%C4%81rlis_Linnejs" title="Kārlis Linnejs">Linnaeus</a>, 1771)</small></i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:CMM_MountainLion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Puma"><img alt="Puma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/CMM_MountainLion.jpg/250px-CMM_MountainLion.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/CMM_MountainLion.jpg/375px-CMM_MountainLion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/CMM_MountainLion.jpg/500px-CMM_MountainLion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="875" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFC0CB;"><a href="/wiki/Organismu_klasifik%C4%81cija" title="Organismu klasifikācija">Klasifikācija</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Valsts_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Valsts (bioloģija)">Valsts</a></th><td><span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Dz%C4%ABvnieki" title="Dzīvnieki">Dzīvnieki</a></span> (<i>Animalia</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tips_(zoolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Tips (zooloģija)">Tips</a></th><td><span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Hordai%C5%86i" title="Hordaiņi">Hordaiņi</a></span> (<i>Chordata</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Klase_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Klase (bioloģija)">Klase</a></th><td><span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Z%C4%ABd%C4%ABt%C4%81ji" title="Zīdītāji">Zīdītāji</a></span> (<i>Mammalia</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81rta" title="Kārta">Kārta</a></th><td><span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%93s%C4%93ji" title="Plēsēji">Plēsēji</a></span> (<i>Carnivora</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Apak%C5%A1k%C4%81rta" class="mw-redirect" title="Apakškārta">Apakškārta</a></th><td><span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%B7veid%C4%ABgie" title="Kaķveidīgie">Kaķveidīgie</a></span> (<i>Feliformia</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dzimta_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Dzimta (bioloģija)">Dzimta</a></th><td><span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%B7u_dzimta" title="Kaķu dzimta">Kaķu dzimta</a></span> (<i>Felidae</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Apak%C5%A1dzimta" class="mw-redirect" title="Apakšdzimta">Apakšdzimta</a></th><td><span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%B7u_apak%C5%A1dzimta" title="Kaķu apakšdzimta">Kaķu apakšdzimta</a></span> (<i>Felinae</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%A2ints_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Ģints (bioloģija)">Ģints</a></th><td><span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Pumas" title="Pumas">Pumas</a></span> (<i>Puma</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Suga" title="Suga">Suga</a></th><td><span style="font-weight:bold;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puma</a></span> (<i>P. concolor</i>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #FFC0CB;">Izplatība</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Puma_range.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Puma_range.png/240px-Puma_range.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Puma_range.png/360px-Puma_range.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Puma_range.png/480px-Puma_range.png 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="2526" /></a></span><br />Pumas izplatības areāls iekrāsots zaļā krāsā.</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:center; font-size: 110%; background-color:#white; color:black; border: 1px solid #FFC0CB; padding: 2px; margin-top: 4px"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Puma_concolor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Puma concolor">Puma Vikikrātuvē</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Puma</b> (<i>Puma concolor</i>) ir <a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%B7u_dzimta" title="Kaķu dzimta">kaķu dzimtas</a> (<i>Felidae</i>) plēsējs, kas pieder pie <a href="/wiki/Pumas" title="Pumas">pumu ģints</a> (<i>Puma</i>). Pumu <a href="/wiki/Ang%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Angļu valoda">angļu valodas</a> ietekmē sauc arī par kuguāru, kalnu lauvu vai panteru, lai gan tā ir samērā attāls radinieks <a href="/wiki/Lauva" title="Lauva">lauvām</a> un <a href="/wiki/Panteras" title="Panteras">panterām</a>. Puma ir iekļauta <a href="/wiki/Ginesa_rekordu_gr%C4%81mata" title="Ginesa rekordu grāmata">Ginesa rekordu grāmatā</a> kā dzīvnieks ar vislielāko nosaukumu skaitu pasaulē. Angliski vien tai ir vairāk nekā 40 dažādu nosaukumu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pumas dabiskais izplatības areāls ir <a href="/wiki/Amerika_(kontinents)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika (kontinents)">Amerika</a>. Tās izplatības areāls ir lielākais no visiem <a href="/wiki/Z%C4%ABd%C4%ABt%C4%81ji" title="Zīdītāji">zīdītājiem</a> Rietumu puslodē.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puma dzīvo, sākot no <a href="/wiki/Jukona_(upe)" title="Jukona (upe)">Jukonas</a> upes <a href="/wiki/A%C4%BCaska" title="Aļaska">Aļaskā</a> līdz pat <a href="/wiki/Andi" title="Andi">Andu kalnu</a> dienvidiem. Puma ir otrais lielākais kaķu dzimtas dzīvnieks <a href="/wiki/Rietumu_puslode" title="Rietumu puslode">Rietumu puslodē</a> un ceturtais lielākais <a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%B7veid%C4%ABgie" title="Kaķveidīgie">kaķveidīgais</a> plēsējs pasaulē.<sup id="cite_ref-expa_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Par to lielāks Amerikas <a href="/wiki/Kontinents" title="Kontinents">kontinentos</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Jagu%C4%81rs" title="Jaguārs">jaguārs</a>. Lai arī puma ir liela auguma plēsējs, tomēr tā pieder pie <a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%B7u_apak%C5%A1dzimta" title="Kaķu apakšdzimta">kaķu apakšdzimtas</a> (<i>Felinae</i>), kurā pārsvarā ir vidēja un maza auguma plēsēji salīdzinājumā ar <a href="/wiki/Panteru_apak%C5%A1dzimta" title="Panteru apakšdzimta">panteru apakšdzimtu</a> (<i>Pantherinae</i>). Tāpēc puma ir tuvāk radniecīga <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81jas_ka%C4%B7is" class="mw-redirect" title="Mājas kaķis">mājas kaķim</a> nekā <a href="/wiki/Lauva" title="Lauva">lauvam</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izskats_un_īpašības"><span id="Izskats_un_.C4.ABpa.C5.A1.C4.ABbas"></span>Izskats un īpašības</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Izskats un īpašības" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Izskats un īpašības"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Cougar_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cougar_closeup.jpg/240px-Cougar_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cougar_closeup.jpg/360px-Cougar_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cougar_closeup.jpg/480px-Cougar_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>Puma piedzimst ar zilām acīm</figcaption></figure> <p>Puma ir slaids un atlētisks plēsējs. Tas ir ceturtais lielākais kaķu dzimtas plēsējs pasaulē.<sup id="cite_ref-expa_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/T%C4%93vi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Tēviņš">Tēviņi</a>, kā visām kaķu dzimtas sugām, ir lielāki nekā <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81t%C4%ABte" title="Mātīte">mātītes</a>. Pieauguša tēviņa ķermeņa garums, asti ieskaitot, ir apmēram 2,4 <a href="/wiki/Metrs" title="Metrs">metri</a>. Mātītes ķermeņa garums, asti ieskaitot, ir apmēram 2,05 m.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tēviņi sver 53—100 <a href="/wiki/Kilograms" title="Kilograms">kg</a>, un to vidējā masa ir 62 kg. Bet mātītes 29—64 kg, ar vidējo masu 42 kg.<sup id="cite_ref-wild_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wild-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adw_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adw-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astes garums ir 63—95 cm.<sup id="cite_ref-adw_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adw-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pumas augstums skaustā 60—90 <a href="/wiki/Centimetrs" title="Centimetrs">cm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lielākās pumas dzīvo virzienā uz <a href="/wiki/Poli" class="mw-redirect" title="Poli">poliem</a>, bet mazākās pie <a href="/wiki/Ekvators" title="Ekvators">ekvatora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vissmagākā datētā puma tika nošauta <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizonā</a>, un tā svēra 125,5 kg. Turklāt minētais svars pumai bija ar izņemtām iekšām. Tiek pieņemts, ka dzīva tā varēja svērt 136 kg.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puma ir gandrīz tikpat liela kā <a href="/wiki/Jagu%C4%81rs" title="Jaguārs">jaguārs</a>, tikai tās <a href="/wiki/Musku%C4%BCi" title="Muskuļi">muskuļu</a> masa ir mazāka un tā nav tik spēcīgi veidota. Reģionos, kuros pumas un jaguāra izplatības areāls pārklājas, pumas ir mazākas, nekā vidēji pumas mēdz būt. </p><p>Pumas galva ir apaļa, ar pagarinātu purna daļu, tās ausis stāv stāvus gaisā. Tai ir spēcīgi pleci, kakls un žokļi, kas kalpo, lai satvertu un noturētu lielu medījumu. Priekšķepām ir pieci ievelkami <a href="/wiki/Nagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagi">nagi</a>, bet pakaļējām — četri. Pumai ir lielas ķepas. Priekšķepas ir lielākas nekā pakaļējās, bet pakaļkāju ķepas ir lielākās visā kaķu dzimtā.<sup id="cite_ref-wild_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wild-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lielās ķepas pumai dod priekšrocības, kāpelējot pa stāvu reljefu un veicot sarežģītajā vidē īsu, ātru sprintu. Puma spēj vertikāli stāvus uzlēkt līdz 5,4 metru augstumam.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horizontālā virzienā no vietas tā lec 6—12 metrus tālu. Tās ātrums sprintā ir 55—72 km/h. Lai arī puma neasociējas ar ūdeni, tā labi peld.<sup id="cite_ref-sier_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sier-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pumas kažoks ir vienkrāsains, tomēr tam ir daudz tonālo atšķirību pat viena pumas metiena robežās. Pamatkrāsa ir smilšu brūna, bet tā var būt gan sudrabaini pelēka, gan ruda. Pavēdere, zods un pakakle ir gaišāki nekā mugura. Mazuļiem piedzimstot gaišajam kažokam ir nedaudz tumšāki plankumi, astei ir gredzeni, un tiem ir zilas <a href="/wiki/Acis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acis">acis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wild_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wild-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neskatoties uz dažādām spekulācijām, nav pierādījumu tam, ka eksistē vai jebkad eksistējušas <a href="/wiki/Melns" class="mw-redirect" title="Melns">melnas</a> pumas.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mel%C4%81nisms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melānisms (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Melānisms</a> reizēm novērojams jaguāriem. Tad tos sauc par <a href="/wiki/Meln%C4%81_pantera" title="Melnā pantera">melnajām panterām</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uzvedība"><span id="Uzved.C4.ABba"></span>Uzvedība</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Uzvedība" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Uzvedība"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Cougar_snow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cougar_snow.jpg/240px-Cougar_snow.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cougar_snow.jpg/360px-Cougar_snow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Cougar_snow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption>Pumas teritorijas lielums ir atkarīgs no pieejamiem barības resursiem</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Mountain_Lion441.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mountain_Lion441.jpg/240px-Mountain_Lion441.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mountain_Lion441.jpg/360px-Mountain_Lion441.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mountain_Lion441.jpg/480px-Mountain_Lion441.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Puma ir izteikts gaļēdājs</figcaption></figure> <p>Kā lielākā daļa kaķu dzimtas dzīvnieku, arī puma ir vientuļniece un teritoriāla. Grupās dzīvo tikai mātīte ar saviem mazajiem bērniem. <a href="/wiki/T%C4%93vi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Tēviņš">Tēviņš</a> un <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81t%C4%ABte" title="Mātīte">mātīte</a> satiekas tikai, lai sapārotos. Medīt puma dodas krēslas stundās vakaros un no rīta. Tās teritorija var būt dažāda lieluma, atkarībā no iespējamās barības resursiem. Piemēram, <a href="/wiki/Kan%C4%81da" title="Kanāda">Kanādā</a> pumas tēviņa teritorija var būt 150—1000 km² liela, bet mātītei tā ir apmēram uz pusi mazāka.<sup id="cite_ref-facts_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pumas tēviņa teritorija var pārklāties ar mātītes teritoriju, bet ne ar cita tēviņa teritoriju. Mātītēm teritorijas var nedaudz pārklātais vienai ar otru. Teritorija tiek iezīmēta ar <a href="/wiki/Ur%C4%ABns" title="Urīns">urīnu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fek%C4%81lijas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fekālijas">fekālijām</a> un skrāpējumiem koku mizā. Tēviņi nereti veido nelielas lapu un sausas zāles kaudzes, kas tiek iezīmētas ar urīnu.<sup id="cite_ref-sier_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sier-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Barība"><span id="Bar.C4.ABba"></span>Barība</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Barība" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Barība"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Puma medī ļoti dažādus dzīvniekus. Pamtā tā medī jebko, ko var noķert, sākot ar <a href="/wiki/Kukai%C5%86i" title="Kukaiņi">kukaiņiem</a> un beidzot ar lieliem <a href="/wiki/Z%C4%81l%C4%93d%C4%81ji" title="Zālēdāji">zālēdājiem</a>, kas var būt smagāki pat par 500 kg. Kā visi kaķveidīgie puma barojas tikai ar <a href="/wiki/Ga%C4%BCa" title="Gaļa">gaļu</a>. Puma upuri nevajā ilgi, tā medī ar īsiem, jaudīgiem sprintiem. Visbiežāk pumas medī dažādus <a href="/wiki/Brie%C5%BEu_dzimta" title="Briežu dzimta">briežu</a> sugas, īpaši raksturīgs tas ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zieme%C4%BCamerikas_puma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziemeļamerikas puma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ziemeļamerikas pumām</a>. Tas var būt <a href="/wiki/Melnastes_briedis" title="Melnastes briedis">melnastes briedis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltastes_briedis" title="Baltastes briedis">baltastes briedis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vapiti" title="Vapiti">vapiti</a> un <a href="/wiki/Alnis" title="Alnis">alnis</a>. Puma medī arī <a href="/wiki/Mustangs" title="Mustangs">mustangus</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81jas_zirgs" title="Mājas zirgs">mājas zirgus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kan%C4%81das_aita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanādas aita (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Kanādas aitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81jas_aita" class="mw-redirect" title="Mājas aita">mājas aitas</a> un citus <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81jlops" title="Mājlops">mājlopus</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pētījumos atklāts, ka 63% no medījuma ir <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81rnad%C5%BEi" title="Pārnadži">pārnadži</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centr%C4%81lamerika" title="Centrālamerika">Centrālamerikā</a> un <a href="/wiki/Dienvidamerika" title="Dienvidamerika">Dienvidamerikā</a>, kur pumas ir mazākas nekā <a href="/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCamerika" title="Ziemeļamerika">Ziemeļamerikas</a> ziemeļos, pumas medī mazākus upurus. Iecienīts medījums ir <a href="/wiki/Kapibara" title="Kapibara">kapibaras</a>. Pārnadži no kopējā medījuma sastāda vairs tikai 35%. To skaidro ar konkurenta jaguāra klātbūtni.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dienvidu pasugu pumas galvenokārt medī <a href="/wiki/Peles" title="Peles">peles</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDurkas" title="Žurkas">žurkas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzelo%C5%86c%C5%ABka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzeloņcūka (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">dzeloņcūkas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Za%C4%B7i" title="Zaķi">zaķus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Putni" title="Putni">putnus</a> un <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81pu%C4%BCi" title="Rāpuļi">rāpuļus</a>. </p><p>Puma medījot savam upurim pielavās pēc iespējas tuvāk, tad īsā un spēcīgā sprintā uzbrūk medījumam. Tā nogalina upuri ar kodienu kaklā. Vidēji puma divu nedēļu laikā nogalina vienu lielu zālēdāju. Mazuļu audzināšanas laikā mātīte lielos zālēdājus medī biežāk, vidēji ik pa 3 dienām.<sup id="cite_ref-wild_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wild-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kad medījums ir nogalināts, puma to aizvelk uz drošāku vietu. To, kas paliek pāri, puma nosedz ar zariem, atgriežoties pie medījuma, kad jūtas izsalkusi. Puma neēd maitu. Tā barojas tikai ar nogalināta dzīvnieka gaļu.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reprodukcija">Reprodukcija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Reprodukcija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Reprodukcija"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg/240px-Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg/360px-Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg/480px-Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="1324" /></a><figcaption>Pumas mazuļi</figcaption></figure> <p>Mātītes dzimumbriedumu sasniedz 1,5—3 gadu vecumā. Mazuļi parasti dzimst vienu reizi 2—3 gadu periodā,<sup id="cite_ref-utah_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utah-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lai gan reizēm tas var būt reizi gadā.<sup id="cite_ref-wild_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wild-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grūsnības periods ilgst 91 dienu.<sup id="cite_ref-wild_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wild-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lai arī lielākā daļa pumu ir poligāmas,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mātītes reizēm ir monogāmas.<sup id="cite_ref-facts_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mazuļus audzina tikai mātīte, kas ir ļoti agresīva, aizsargājot savus mazuļus. Tā bezbailīgi cīnās ar lielākiem dzīvniekiem un tos arī uzvar. Puma neatkāpjas pat no <a href="/wiki/Grizli_l%C4%81cis" class="mw-redirect" title="Grizli lācis">grizli lāča</a>. Metienā piedzimst 1—6 mazuļi. Visbiežāk 2-3. Mātīte iekārto mazuļiem migu kādā alā vai koka dobumā. Tie piedzimst akli un nevarīgi. Māte tos zīda pirmos 3 mēnešus. Pēc tam tie sāk mātei sekot līdzi uz medībām. Jau 6 mēnešu vecumā tie sāk nomedīt savu pirmo medījumu.<sup id="cite_ref-utah_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utah-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piedzimstot mazuļiem kažokā ir nedaudz tumšāki pleķīši, kas ar laiku izzūd. Kad pumai 2,5 gadus veca, pleķīši ir izzuduši pilnībā.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kad jaunās pumas ir apmēram 2 gadus vecas, tās pamet māti un dodas atrast savu teritoriju. Tēviņiem ir tendence aiziet ātrāk nekā jaunajām mātītēm. Turklāt tēviņi ceļo daudz tālāk prom no dzimtās teritorijas nekā mātītes. Savvvaļā puma dzīvo 8—13 gadus. Vecākā datētā puma, kas ir dzīvojusi savvaļā, sasniedza 18 gadu vecumu.<sup id="cite_ref-facts_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nebrīvē pumas dzīvo līdz 20 gadu vecumam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pasugas">Pasugas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Pasugas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Pasugas"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Līdz 20. gadsimta 80. gadu beigām pumai tika izdalītas 32 <a href="/wiki/Pasuga" title="Pasuga">pasugas</a>. Tomēr pēdējo gadu ģenētiskie pētījumi pasugu skaitu ir izmainījuši.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mūsdienās oficiāli tiek atzītas vairs tikai 6 pasugas, no kurām 5 mājo <a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86amerika" title="Latīņamerika">Latīņamerikā</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argent%C4%ABnas_puma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argentīnas puma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Argentīnas puma</a> (<i>Puma concolor cabrerae</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dienvidamerikas_austrumu_puma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dienvidamerikas austrumu puma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Dienvidamerikas austrumu puma</a> (<i>Puma concolor capricornensis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dienvidamerikas_dienvidu_puma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dienvidamerikas dienvidu puma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Dienvidamerikas dienvidu puma</a> (<i>Puma concolor puma</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dienvidamerikas_zieme%C4%BCu_puma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dienvidamerikas ziemeļu puma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Dienvidamerikas ziemeļu puma</a> (<i>Puma concolor concolor</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostarikas_puma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kostarikas puma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Kostarikas puma</a> (<i>Puma concolor costaricensis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zieme%C4%BCamerikas_puma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziemeļamerikas puma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ziemeļamerikas puma</a> (<i>Puma concolor couguar</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Guinness Book of World Records. 2004. p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-2">2,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423133456/http://www.springerlink.com/content/nvk62r701822qq17/">«Biogeographic variation of food habits and body size of the America puma»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/nvk62r701822qq17/">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2020. gada 23. aprīlī<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2012. gada 16. janvārī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-expa-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-expa_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-expa_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111125342/http://www.cougarnet.org/cougarfacts.html">«Expanding Cougar Population»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cougarnet.org/cougarfacts.html">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2012. gada 11. janvārī<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2012. gada 16. janvārī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/mlion/">Mountain Lion (Puma concolor)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wild-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wild_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wild_5-1">5,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wild_5-2">5,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wild_5-3">5,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wild_5-4">5,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wild_5-5">5,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf">Wild cats</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adw-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-adw_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-adw_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Puma_concolor.html">ADW: Puma concolor</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Puma+concolor">Discover Life: Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323144937/http://www.floridapanther.org/panther_facts.html">«Florida Panther Facts»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.floridapanther.org/panther_facts.html">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2012. gada 23. martā<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2012. gada 23. martā</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brakefield, Tom (1993). <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89658-329-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-89658-329-5">ISBN 0-89658-329-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-puma.html">San Diego Zoo: Mountain Lion (Puma, Cougar)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sier-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sier_11-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sier_11-1">11,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150123034652/http://arizona.sierraclub.org/conservation/mt-lion/index.asp">«Sierra Club: Mountain Lion, Puma concolor»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arizona.sierraclub.org/conservation/mt-lion/index.asp">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2015. gada 23. janvārī<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2007. gada 20. maijā</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120806222217/http://newsandtribune.com/archive/x518725619">«Black cougar more talk than fact»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsandtribune.com/archive/x518725619">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2012. gada 6. augustā<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2012. gada 17. janvārī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.messybeast.com/genetics/mutant-pumas.html">Mutant Pumas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-facts-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-facts_14-0">14,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-facts_14-1">14,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-facts_14-2">14,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070820172927/http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/mj04/indepth/justthefacts.asp">«Cougar Facts»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/mj04/indepth/justthefacts.asp">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2007. gada 20. augustā<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2007. gada 2. aprīlī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turner, John W.; Morrison, Michael L. (2008). "Influence of Predation by Mountain Lions on Numbers and Survivorship of a Feral Horse Population". The Southwestern Naturalist 46 (2): 183–190. doi:10.2307/3672527</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauer, Jim W.; Kenneth A. Logan, Linda L. Sweanor, Walter M. Boyce (December 2005). Jones, Cheri A.. ed. "Scavenging behavior in Puma". The Southwestern Naturalist 50 (4): 466–471. doi:10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0466:SBIP]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0038-4909</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-utah-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-utah_17-0">17,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-utah_17-1">17,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111219210418/http://wildlife.utah.gov/pdf/cmgtplan.pdf">«Utah Cougar Management Plan (Draft)»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wildlife.utah.gov/pdf/cmgtplan.pdf">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2011. gada 19. decembrī<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2012. gada 19. janvārī</span>.</span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Norādīts vairāk nekā <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archiveurl=</code> un <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archive-url=</code> vajadzīgs; </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Norādīts vairāk nekā <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archivedate=</code> un <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archive-date=</code> vajadzīgs</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.uwsp.edu/wildlife/carnivore/Mountain%20Lion%20Natural%20History_files/Mountain%20Lion%20Natural%20History_copy(1).htm">Mountain Lion, Puma, Cougar</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130909142024/http://wildlife.utah.gov/dwr/learn-more/living-with-cougars.html">«Staying safe in cougar country»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wildlife.utah.gov/dwr/learn-more/living-with-cougars.html">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2013. gada 9. septembrī<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2012. gada 19. janvārī</span>.</span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Norādīts vairāk nekā <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archiveurl=</code> un <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archive-url=</code> vajadzīgs; </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Norādīts vairāk nekā <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archivedate=</code> un <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archive-date=</code> vajadzīgs</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616200443/http://www.coryi.org/Florida_panther/Miscellaneous_Panther_Material/Genomic%20ancestry%20of%20the%20American%20puma.pdf">«Genomic Ancestry of the American Puma»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coryi.org/Florida_panther/Miscellaneous_Panther_Material/Genomic%20ancestry%20of%20the%20American%20puma.pdf">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2007. gada 16. jūnijā<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2007. gada 8. jūnijā</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000204">Mammal Species of the World: Puma concolor</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puma&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami multivides faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Puma_concolor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Puma concolor">Puma</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105013157/http://www.arkive.org/puma/puma-concolor/#text=Facts">ARKive: Puma (Puma concolor)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/mountain-lion/">Nationalgeographic: Mountain Lion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://northernbushcraft.com/animalTracks/cougar/notes.htm">Cougar Tracks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hdw-inc.com/cougarsounds.wav">Pumas rēciens (audio)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://felidaefund.org/">Felidae Conservation Fund</a></li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Autoritat%C4%ABv%C4%81_vad%C4%ABba" title="Autoritatīvā vadība">Autoritatīvā vadība</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-sh85-109054">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongresa_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Kongresa bibliotēka">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh85109054">sh85109054</a></span></li> <li>GND: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4176359-2">4176359-2</a></span></li> <li>NDL: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569240">00569240</a></span></li> <li>NKC: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph451649&CON_LNG=ENG">ph451649</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Saturs iegūts no "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puma&oldid=4057371">https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puma&oldid=4057371</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Kategorijas</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Pumas" title="Kategorija:Pumas">Pumas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:ASV_fauna" title="Kategorija:ASV fauna">ASV fauna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Meksikas_fauna" title="Kategorija:Meksikas fauna">Meksikas fauna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Zieme%C4%BCamerikas_fauna" title="Kategorija:Ziemeļamerikas fauna">Ziemeļamerikas fauna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Centr%C4%81lamerikas_fauna" title="Kategorija:Centrālamerikas fauna">Centrālamerikas fauna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Dienvidamerikas_fauna" title="Kategorija:Dienvidamerikas fauna">Dienvidamerikas fauna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Andi" title="Kategorija:Andi">Andi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Slēpta kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Lapas_ar_atsauc%C4%93m,_kas_izmanto_nevajadz%C4%ABgus_parametrus" title="Kategorija:Lapas ar atsaucēm, kas izmanto nevajadzīgus parametrus">Lapas ar atsaucēm, kas izmanto nevajadzīgus parametrus</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šī lapa pēdējoreiz labota: 2024. gada 14. maijs plkst. 20.01.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teksts ir pieejams saskaņā ar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike licenci</a>; var pastāvēt papildu ierobežojumi. Plašākai informācijai skatīt <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Lieto%C5%A1anas_noteikumi" title="Vikipēdija:Lietošanas noteikumi">lietošanas noteikumus</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privātuma politika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Par">Par Vikipēdiju</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Saist%C4%ABbu_atrunas">Saistību atrunas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Izstrādātāji</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/lv.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Sīkdatņu deklarācija</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//lv.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puma&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilais skats</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-wkmgf","wgBackendResponseTime":218,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.257","walltime":"0.613","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2880,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":30976,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1587,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":16463,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 268.054 1 -total"," 52.21% 139.957 2 Veidne:Infobox"," 48.83% 130.898 1 Veidne:BioTakso_infokaste"," 29.64% 79.440 1 Veidne:Atsauces"," 20.94% 56.125 9 Veidne:Tīmekļa_atsauce"," 19.62% 52.598 2 Veidne:Wikidata"," 9.64% 25.841 20 Veidne:Dat"," 8.47% 22.707 1 Veidne:Commonscat"," 7.19% 19.272 20 Veidne:Diena.mēnesis-saite"," 6.38% 17.091 1 Veidne:Autoritatīvā_vadība"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.095","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4802262,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6bdf8fbb86-vns56","timestamp":"20241112091248","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Puma","url":"https:\/\/lv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puma","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q35255","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q35255","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-07-05T08:43:56Z","dateModified":"2024-05-14T18:01:13Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2e\/CMM_MountainLion.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>