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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Academic career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Major publications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major publications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Book_chapters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_chapters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Book chapters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_chapters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Journal articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gérard Debreu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جيرارد ديبرو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيرارد ديبرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerar_Debr%C3%B6" title="Jerar Debrö – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jerar Debrö" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Жэрар Дэбро – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жэрар Дэбро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8E" title="Джерард Дебрю – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джерард Дебрю" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%81_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AD" title="Ζεράρ Ντεμπρέ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζεράρ Ντεμπρέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ژرار دوبرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژرار دوبرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%A5%B4_%EB%93%9C%EB%B8%8C%EB%A2%B0" title="제라르 드브뢰 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제라르 드브뢰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8" title="Ժերար Դեբրյո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժերար Դեբրյո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_Debreu" title="Gerard Debreu – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gerard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94" title="ז'ראר דברה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'ראר דברה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerardus_Debreu" title="Gerardus Debreu – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gerardus Debreu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_Debreu" title="Gerard Debreu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gerard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Жерар Дебре – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жерар Дебре" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جيرارد ديبرو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيرارد ديبرو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC" title="ジェラール・ドブルー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェラール・ドブルー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%DA%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="گیرارڈ ڈبریو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیرارڈ ڈبریو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%91,_%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дебрё, Жерар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дебрё, Жерар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Жерар Дебре – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жерар Дебре" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_Debreu" title="Gerard Debreu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gerard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Жерар Дебре – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жерар Дебре" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="گیرارڈ ڈیبریو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گیرارڈ ڈیبریو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gérard Debreu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%91%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF" title="傑拉德·德布魯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="傑拉德·德布魯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French economist and mathematician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Gérard Debreu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Debreu,_G%C3%A9rard_(1921-2004)_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Debreu%2C_G%C3%A9rard_%281921-2004%29_%28cropped%29.jpeg/220px-Debreu%2C_G%C3%A9rard_%281921-2004%29_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Debreu%2C_G%C3%A9rard_%281921-2004%29_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="336" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Debreu in 1977</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1921-07-04</span>)</span>4 July 1921<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 December 2004<span style="display:none">(2004-12-31)</span> (aged 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Field</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_economics" title="Mathematical economics">Mathematical economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School or<br />tradition</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Walrasian_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Walrasian economics">Walrasian economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral<br />students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Graciela_Chichilnisky" title="Graciela Chichilnisky">Graciela Chichilnisky</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Beth_E._Allen" title="Beth E. Allen">Beth E. Allen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Vives" title="Xavier Vives">Xavier Vives</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ishac_Diwan" title="Ishac Diwan">Ishac Diwan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Léon Walras</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Cartan" title="Henri Cartan">Henri Cartan</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bourbaki" title="Nicolas Bourbaki">Bourbaki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contributions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_equilibrium" class="mw-redirect" title="General equilibrium">General equilibrium</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Utility_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Utility theory">utility theory</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Topology" title="Topology">topological methods</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Integration_(mathematics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Integration (mathematics)">integration</a> of set-valued correspondences</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics</a> (1983)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/e/pde34.html">Information</a> at <a href="/wiki/Research_Papers_in_Economics" title="Research Papers in Economics">IDEAS / RePEc</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gérard Debreu</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[dəbʁø]</a></span>; 4 July 1921 – 31 December 2004) was a French-born <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>. Best known as a professor of <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, where he began work in 1962, he won the 1983 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Debreu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His father was the business partner of his maternal grandfather in <a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">lace</a> manufacturing, a traditional industry in <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>. Debreu was orphaned at an early age, as his father committed suicide and his mother died of natural causes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he received his <a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">baccalauréat</a> and went to <a href="/wiki/Ambert" title="Ambert">Ambert</a> to begin preparing for the entrance examination of a <a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%A9cole" title="Grande école">grande école</a>. Later on, he moved from <a href="/wiki/Ambert" title="Ambert">Ambert</a> to <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> to complete his preparation, both places being in <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> during World War II. In 1941, he was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a> in Paris, along with <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Boiteux" title="Marcel Boiteux">Marcel Boiteux</a>. He was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Cartan" title="Henri Cartan">Henri Cartan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bourbaki" title="Nicolas Bourbaki">Bourbaki</a> writers. When he was about to take the final examinations in 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a> occurred and he, instead, enlisted in the French army. He was transferred for training to <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">Algeria</a> and then served in the occupying <a href="/wiki/French_Forces_in_Germany" title="French Forces in Germany">French Forces in Germany</a> until July 1945. Debreu passed the <a href="/wiki/Agr%C3%A9gation#List_of_agrégations" title="Agrégation">Agrégation de Mathématiques</a> exams at the end of 1945 and the beginning of 1946. By this time, he had become interested in economics, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/General_equilibrium_theory" title="General equilibrium theory">general equilibrium theory</a> of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Léon Walras</a>. From 1946 to 1948, he was an assistant in the <a href="/wiki/Centre_National_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</a>. During these two and a half years, he made the transition from mathematics to economics. In 1948, Debreu went to the United States on a <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Fellowship">Rockefeller Fellowship</a> which allowed him to visit several American universities, as well as those in <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oslo_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo University">Oslo</a> in 1949–50.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received his Ph.D. from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> in 1956. In 1960 he became a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>, where he taught until 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Debreu married Françoise Bled in 1946 and they had two daughters, Chantal and Florence, born in 1946 and 1950 respectively. </p><p>Debreu died in Paris at the age of 83 of natural causes on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a>, 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Debreu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Debreu began working as a Research Associate and joined the <a href="/wiki/Cowles_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowles Commission">Cowles Commission</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> in the summer of 1950. He remained there for five years, returning to Paris periodically. </p><p>In 1954, he published a breakthrough paper, entitled <i>Existence of an Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy</i>, together with <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a>, in which they provided a definitive mathematical proof of the existence of a <a href="/wiki/General_equilibrium" class="mw-redirect" title="General equilibrium">general equilibrium</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Topology" title="Topology">topological</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Calculus" title="Calculus">calculus</a>-based methods. </p><p>In 1955, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>. </p><p>In 1959, he published his classical monograph, <i>Theory of Value: An Axiomatic Analysis of Economic Equilibrium</i> (Cowles Foundation Monographs Series), which is one of the most important works in <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_economics" title="Mathematical economics">mathematical economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also studied several problems in the theory of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_utility" title="Cardinal utility">cardinal utility</a>, in particular the additive <a href="/wiki/Decomposition" title="Decomposition">decomposition</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Utility_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Utility function">utility function</a> defined on a <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_product" title="Cartesian product">Cartesian product</a> of sets. </p><p>In this monograph, Debreu set up an <a href="/wiki/Axiom" title="Axiom">axiomatic</a> foundation for competitive markets. He also established the existence of an equilibrium using a novel approach. The main idea of his argument is to show that there exists a price system for which the <a href="/wiki/Aggregate_demand" title="Aggregate demand">aggregate</a> excess demand correspondence vanishes. He did so by proving a type of fixed-point theorem that is based on the <a href="/wiki/Kakutani_fixed-point_theorem" title="Kakutani fixed-point theorem">Kakutani fixed-point theorem</a>. In Chapter 7, Debreu introduced the concept of <a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">uncertainty</a> and showed how it could be incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Deterministic" class="mw-redirect" title="Deterministic">deterministic</a> <a href="/wiki/Economic_model" title="Economic model">model</a>. Here, he introduced the notion of a <a href="/wiki/Contingency_(philosophy)" title="Contingency (philosophy)">contingent</a> <a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">commodity</a>, which is a promise to deliver a good should a certain state of nature be realized. This concept is very frequently used in <a href="/wiki/Financial_economics" title="Financial economics">financial economics</a>, where it is known as the "<a href="/wiki/Arrow%E2%80%93Debreu_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow–Debreu security">Arrow–Debreu security</a>". </p><p>In 1960–61, he worked at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a> and devoted most of his time to the complex proof that appeared in 1962 of a general theorem on the existence of an economic equilibrium. </p><p>In January 1962, he started working at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, where he held the titles of University Professor and Class of 1958 Professor of Economics and Mathematics Emeritus. </p><p>During his sabbaticals in the late 1960s and 1970s, he visited universities in <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">Bonn</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Paris</a>. In 1987, he visited the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a> as an Erskine Fellow, lecturing in economic theory.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His later studies centred mainly on the theory of <a href="/wiki/Differentiable_function" title="Differentiable function">differentiable</a> economies, where he showed that, in general, aggregate <a href="/wiki/Excess_demand_function" title="Excess demand function">excess demand functions</a> vanish at a finite number of points – basically, he showed that economies have a finite number of price equilibria. </p><p>In 1976, he received the French <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a>. He was awarded the 1983 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a>, for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of <a href="/wiki/General_equilibrium_theory" title="General equilibrium theory">general equilibrium theory</a>. He was a member of the International Academy of Science, the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, he served as president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_publications">Major publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Debreu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Major publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Debreu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1959" class="citation book cs1">Debreu, Gérard (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digamo.free.fr/debreu59.pdf"><i>The theory of value: an axiomatic analysis of economic equilibrium</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/270657">270657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+theory+of+value%3A+an+axiomatic+analysis+of+economic+equilibrium&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F270657&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigamo.free.fr%2Fdebreu59.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1986" class="citation book cs1">Debreu, Gérard (1986). <i>Mathematical economics: twenty papers of Gerard Debreu</i>. Cambridge Cambridgeshire New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521335614" title="Special:BookSources/9780521335614"><bdi>9780521335614</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematical+economics%3A+twenty+papers+of+Gerard+Debreu&rft.place=Cambridge+Cambridgeshire+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780521335614&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>The twenty papers</i>: The coefficient of resource utilization · A social equilibrium existence theorem · A classical tax-subsidy problem · Existence of an equilibrium for a competitive economy (by <i>Gérard Debreu</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_J._Arrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth J. Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a></i>) · Valuation equilibrium and Pareto optimum · Representation of a preference ordering by a numerical function · Market equilibrium · Economics under uncertainty · Topological methods in cardinal utility theory · New concepts and techniques for equilibrium analysis · A limit theorem on the core of an economy (by <i>Gérard Debreu</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Scarf" title="Herbert Scarf">Herbert Scarf</a></i>) · Contuinity properties of Paretian utility · Neighboring economic agents · Economies with a finite set of equilibria · Smooth preferences · Excess demand functions · The rate of convergence of the core of an economy · Four aspects of the mathematical theory of economic equilibrium · The application to economics of differential topology and global analysis: differentiable economies · Least concave utility functions</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreuArrow2001" class="citation book cs1">Debreu, Gérard; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow, Kenneth J.</a> (2001). <i>Landmark papers in general equilibrium theory, social choice and welfare</i>. Cheltenham, UK Northampton, Massachusetts, USA: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar_Publishing" title="Edward Elgar Publishing">Edward Elgar Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781840645699" title="Special:BookSources/9781840645699"><bdi>9781840645699</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landmark+papers+in+general+equilibrium+theory%2C+social+choice+and+welfare&rft.place=Cheltenham%2C+UK+Northampton%2C+Massachusetts%2C+USA&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781840645699&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Arrow%2C+Kenneth+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_chapters">Book chapters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Debreu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Book chapters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1954" class="citation cs2">Debreu, Gérard (1954), "Representation of a preference ordering by a numerical function", in Thrall, Robert M.; <a href="/wiki/Clyde_H._Coombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Clyde H. Coombs">Coombs, Clyde H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Howard_Raiffa" title="Howard Raiffa">Raiffa, Howard</a> (eds.), <i>Decision processes</i>, New York: Wiley, pp. 159–167, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/639321">639321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Representation+of+a+preference+ordering+by+a+numerical+function&rft.btitle=Decision+processes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=159-167&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F639321&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217234911/http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/P/cp/p00b/p0097.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1960" class="citation cs2">Debreu, Gérard (1960), "Topological methods in cardinal utility theory", in <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow, Kenneth J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Karlin" title="Samuel Karlin">Karlin, Samuel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Suppes, Patrick</a> (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105175643/https://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d00/d0076.pdf"><i>Mathematical models in the social sciences, 1959: Proceedings of the first Stanford symposium</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Stanford mathematical studies in the social sciences, IV, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, pp. 16–26, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804700214" title="Special:BookSources/9780804700214"><bdi>9780804700214</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d00/d0076.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Topological+methods+in+cardinal+utility+theory&rft.btitle=Mathematical+models+in+the+social+sciences%2C+1959%3A+Proceedings+of+the+first+Stanford+symposium&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.series=Stanford+mathematical+studies+in+the+social+sciences%2C+IV&rft.pages=16-26&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=9780804700214&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcowles.yale.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fpub%2Fd00%2Fd0076.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreuScarf1972" class="citation cs2">Debreu, Gérard; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Scarf" title="Herbert Scarf">Scarf, Herbert</a> (1972), "A limit theorem on the core of an economy", in McGuire, C.B.; <a href="/wiki/Roy_Radner" title="Roy Radner">Radner, Roy</a> (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/decisionorganiza0000unse/page/283"><i>Decision and organization: a volume in honor of Jacob Marschak</i></a>, Studies in Mathematical and Managerial Economics Series (volume 12), Amsterdam: North-Holland Pub. Co., pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/decisionorganiza0000unse/page/283">283–297</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780720433135" title="Special:BookSources/9780720433135"><bdi>9780720433135</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+limit+theorem+on+the+core+of+an+economy&rft.btitle=Decision+and+organization%3A+a+volume+in+honor+of+Jacob+Marschak&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.series=Studies+in+Mathematical+and+Managerial+Economics+Series+%28volume+12%29&rft.pages=283-297&rft.pub=North-Holland+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9780720433135&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Scarf%2C+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdecisionorganiza0000unse%2Fpage%2F283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1981" class="citation cs2">Debreu, Gérard (1981), "Existence of competitive equilibrium", in <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow, Kenneth J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Intriligator" title="Michael Intriligator">Intriligator, Michael D.</a> (eds.), <i>Handbook of mathematical economics</i>, <a href="/wiki/Economics_handbooks" title="Economics handbooks">Handbook of Economics Series</a>, Amsterdam New York, New York: Elsevier North-Holland, pp. 697–744, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780444861269" title="Special:BookSources/9780444861269"><bdi>9780444861269</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Existence+of+competitive+equilibrium&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+mathematical+economics&rft.place=Amsterdam+New+York%2C+New+York&rft.series=Handbook+of+Economics+Series&rft.pages=697-744&rft.pub=Elsevier+North-Holland&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780444861269&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Debreu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Journal articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1951" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (July 1951). "The coefficient of resource utilization". <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>19</b> (3): 273–292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1906814">10.2307/1906814</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1906814">1906814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=The+coefficient+of+resource+utilization&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=273-292&rft.date=1951-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1906814&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1906814%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.cufe.edu.cn/upload_files/other/3_20140520102931_The%20Coefficient%20of%20Resource%20Utilization.pdf">Pdf.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307032545/http://lib.cufe.edu.cn/upload_files/other/3_20140520102931_The%20Coefficient%20of%20Resource%20Utilization.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1952" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (April 1952). "Definite and semidefinite quadratic forms". <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>20</b> (2): 295–300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1907852">10.2307/1907852</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1907852">1907852</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=Definite+and+semidefinite+quadratic+forms&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=295-300&rft.date=1952-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1907852&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1907852%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1952" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (October 1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1063675">"A social equilibrium existence theorem"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a></i>. <b>38</b> (10): 886–893. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1952PNAS...38..886D">1952PNAS...38..886D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.38.10.886">10.1073/pnas.38.10.886</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/88720">88720</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1063675">1063675</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16589195">16589195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+social+equilibrium+existence+theorem&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=886-893&rft.date=1952-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1063675%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F88720%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1952PNAS...38..886D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16589195&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.38.10.886&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1063675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/38/10/886.full">Full text.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreuHerstein1953" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard; <a href="/wiki/Israel_Nathan_Herstein" title="Israel Nathan Herstein">Herstein, Israel N.</a> (October 1953). "Nonnegative square matrices". <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>21</b> (4): 597–607. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1907925">10.2307/1907925</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1907925">1907925</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=Nonnegative+square+matrices&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=597-607&rft.date=1953-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1907925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1907925%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Herstein%2C+Israel+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/cdp/m-0417.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1954" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (January 1954). "A classical tax-subsidy problem". <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>22</b> (1): 14–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1909828">10.2307/1909828</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1909828">1909828</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=A+classical+tax-subsidy+problem&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-22&rft.date=1954-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1909828&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1909828%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/cdp/e-2020.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1954" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (June 1954). "Numerical representations of technological change". <i>Metroeconomica</i>. <b>6</b> (2): 45–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-999X.1954.tb00485.x">10.1111/j.1467-999X.1954.tb00485.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metroeconomica&rft.atitle=Numerical+representations+of+technological+change&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=45-54&rft.date=1954-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-999X.1954.tb00485.x&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1954" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (July 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528000">"Valuation equilibrium and Pareto optimum"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a></i>. <b>40</b> (7): 588–592. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1954PNAS...40..588D">1954PNAS...40..588D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.40.7.588">10.1073/pnas.40.7.588</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/89325">89325</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528000">528000</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16589528">16589528</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Valuation+equilibrium+and+Pareto+optimum&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=588-592&rft.date=1954-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC528000%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F89325%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1954PNAS...40..588D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16589528&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.40.7.588&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC528000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/40/7/588.full.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreuArrow1954" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow, Kenneth J.</a> (July 1954). "Existence of an equilibrium for a competitive economy". <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>22</b> (3): 265–290. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1907353">10.2307/1907353</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1907353">1907353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=Existence+of+an+equilibrium+for+a+competitive+economy&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=265-290&rft.date=1954-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1907353&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1907353%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Arrow%2C+Kenneth+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/class/msande311/arrow-debreu.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1956" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (November 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528356">"Market equilibrium"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a></i>. <b>42</b> (11): 876–878. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956PNAS...42..876D">1956PNAS...42..876D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.42.11.876">10.1073/pnas.42.11.876</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/89463">89463</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528356">528356</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16589963">16589963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Market+equilibrium&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=876-878&rft.date=1956-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC528356%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F89463%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1956PNAS...42..876D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16589963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.42.11.876&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC528356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/42/11/876.full.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1958" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (July 1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d00/d0039.pdf">"Stochastic choice and cardinal utility"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>26</b> (3): 440–444. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1907622">10.2307/1907622</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1907622">1907622</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=Stochastic+choice+and+cardinal+utility&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=440-444&rft.date=1958-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1907622&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1907622%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcowles.yale.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fpub%2Fd00%2Fd0039.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d00/d0039.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1959" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (June 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d00/d0057.pdf">"Cardinal utility for even-chance mixtures of pairs of sure prospects"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Review_of_Economic_Studies" title="The Review of Economic Studies">The Review of Economic Studies</a></i>. <b>26</b> (3): 174–177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2295745">10.2307/2295745</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2295745">2295745</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=Cardinal+utility+for+even-chance+mixtures+of+pairs+of+sure+prospects&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=174-177&rft.date=1959-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2295745&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2295745%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcowles.yale.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fpub%2Fd00%2Fd0057.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d00/d0057.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1960" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160602143246/http://www.ismea.org/ISMEA/eapp.arch.html">"Une économique de l'incertain"</a> [Economics under uncertainty]. <i>Économie Appliquée</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 111–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fecoap.1960.3885">10.3406/ecoap.1960.3885</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:261144397">261144397</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ismea.org/ismea/eapp.arch.html">the original</a> on 2016-06-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89conomie+Appliqu%C3%A9e&rft.atitle=Une+%C3%A9conomique+de+l%27incertain&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=111-116&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fecoap.1960.3885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A261144397%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ismea.org%2Fismea%2Feapp.arch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1960" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (April 1960). "On 'an identity in arithmetic'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society" title="Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society">Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society</a></i>. <b>11</b> (2): 220–221. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2032959">10.2307/2032959</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2032959">2032959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Mathematical+Society&rft.atitle=On+%27an+identity+in+arithmetic%27&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=220-221&rft.date=1960-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2032959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2032959%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/proc/1960-011-02/S0002-9939-1960-0113862-7/S0002-9939-1960-0113862-7.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1962" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (September 1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922213610/http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d01/d0129.pdf">"New concepts and techniques for equilibrium analysis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Economic_Review" title="International Economic Review">International Economic Review</a></i>. <b>3</b> (3): 257–273. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2525394">10.2307/2525394</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2525394">2525394</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d01/d0129.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=New+concepts+and+techniques+for+equilibrium+analysis&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=257-273&rft.date=1962-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2525394&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2525394%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcowles.yale.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fpub%2Fd01%2Fd0129.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807113256/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/296443.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreuScarf1963" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Scarf" title="Herbert Scarf">Scarf, Herbert</a> (September 1963). "A limit theorem on the core of an economy". <i><a href="/wiki/International_Economic_Review" title="International Economic Review">International Economic Review</a></i>. <b>4</b> (3): 235–246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2525306">10.2307/2525306</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2525306">2525306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=A+limit+theorem+on+the+core+of+an+economy&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=235-246&rft.date=1963-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2525306&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2525306%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Scarf%2C+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807065749/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/285997.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1963" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (October 1963). "On a theorem of Scarf". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Review_of_Economic_Studies" title="The Review of Economic Studies">The Review of Economic Studies</a></i>. <b>30</b> (3): 177–180. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2296318">10.2307/2296318</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2296318">2296318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=On+a+theorem+of+Scarf&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=177-180&rft.date=1963-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2296318&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2296318%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1964" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (May 1964). "Nonnegative solutions of linear inequalities". <i><a href="/wiki/International_Economic_Review" title="International Economic Review">International Economic Review</a></i>. <b>5</b> (2): 178–184. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2525561">10.2307/2525561</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2525561">2525561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Nonnegative+solutions+of+linear+inequalities&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=178-184&rft.date=1964-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2525561&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2525561%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1964" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (September 1964). "Contuinity properties of Paretian utility". <i><a href="/wiki/International_Economic_Review" title="International Economic Review">International Economic Review</a></i>. <b>5</b> (3): 285–293. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2525513">10.2307/2525513</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2525513">2525513</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Contuinity+properties+of+Paretian+utility&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=285-293&rft.date=1964-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2525513&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2525513%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.cufe.edu.cn/upload_files/other/3_20140520035941_Continuity%20properties%20of%20paretian%20utility.pdf">Pdf.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307032347/http://lib.cufe.edu.cn/upload_files/other/3_20140520035941_Continuity%20properties%20of%20paretian%20utility.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1967" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bsmsp/1200513280">"Integration of correspondences"</a>. <i>Proceedings of Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Part 1</i>. <b>2</b>: 351–372.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+Fifth+Berkeley+Symposium+on+Mathematical+Statistics+and+Probability%2C+Part+1&rft.atitle=Integration+of+correspondences&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=351-372&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojecteuclid.org%2Feuclid.bsmsp%2F1200513280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.bsmsp/1200513280">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1967" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (January 1967). "Preference functions on measure spaces of economic agents". <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>35</b> (1): 111–122. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1909386">10.2307/1909386</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1909386">1909386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=Preference+functions+on+measure+spaces+of+economic+agents&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=111-122&rft.date=1967-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1909386&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1909386%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1969" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160221111955/http://www.dgdr.cnrs.fr/reorganisation.htm">"Neighboring economic agents"</a>. <i>La Décision</i>. <b>171</b>: 85–90. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dgdr.cnrs.fr/reorganisation.htm">the original</a> on 2016-02-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+D%C3%A9cision&rft.atitle=Neighboring+economic+agents&rft.volume=171&rft.pages=85-90&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgdr.cnrs.fr%2Freorganisation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1970" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (May 1970). "Economies with a finite set of equilibria". <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>38</b> (3): 387–392. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1909545">10.2307/1909545</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1909545">1909545</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=Economies+with+a+finite+set+of+equilibria&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=387-392&rft.date=1970-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1909545&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1909545%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darp.lse.ac.uk/PapersDB/Debreu_%28ECMET_70%29.pdf">Pdf.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030904034930/http://darp.lse.ac.uk/PapersDB/Debreu_(ECMET_70).pdf">Archived</a> 2003-09-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1972" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (July 1972). "Smooth preferences". <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>40</b> (4): 603–615. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1912956">10.2307/1912956</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1912956">1912956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=Smooth+preferences&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=603-615&rft.date=1972-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1912956&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1912956%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://219.219.114.96/cufe/upload_files/other/3_20140520040358_Smooth%20Preferences.pdf">Pdf.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1974" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307032713/http://lib.cufe.edu.cn/upload_files/other/3_20140520040037_Four%20aspects%20of%20the%20mathematical%20theory%20of%20economic%20equilibrium.pdf">"Four aspects of the mathematical theory of economic equilibrium"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Mathematicians" title="International Congress of Mathematicians">Proceedings of International Congress of Mathematicians</a></i>: 65–77. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.cufe.edu.cn/upload_files/other/3_20140520040037_Four%20aspects%20of%20the%20mathematical%20theory%20of%20economic%20equilibrium.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+International+Congress+of+Mathematicians&rft.atitle=Four+aspects+of+the+mathematical+theory+of+economic+equilibrium&rft.pages=65-77&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.cufe.edu.cn%2Fupload_files%2Fother%2F3_20140520040037_Four%2520aspects%2520of%2520the%2520mathematical%2520theory%2520of%2520economic%2520equilibrium.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1974" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (March 1974). "Excess demand functions". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Mathematical_Economics" title="Journal of Mathematical Economics">Journal of Mathematical Economics</a></i>. <b>1</b> (1): 15–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0304-4068%2874%2990032-9">10.1016/0304-4068(74)90032-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mathematical+Economics&rft.atitle=Excess+demand+functions&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=15-21&rft.date=1974-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0304-4068%2874%2990032-9&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1975" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (March 1975). "The rate of convergence of the core of an economy". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Mathematical_Economics" title="Journal of Mathematical Economics">Journal of Mathematical Economics</a></i>. <b>2</b> (1): 1–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0304-4068%2875%2990008-7">10.1016/0304-4068(75)90008-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mathematical+Economics&rft.atitle=The+rate+of+convergence+of+the+core+of+an+economy&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-7&rft.date=1975-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0304-4068%2875%2990008-7&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1976" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (May 1976). "The application to economics of differential topology and global analysis: regular differentiable economies". <i>The American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings</i>. <b>66</b> (2): 280–287. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1817234">1817234</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Economic+Review%3A+Papers+and+Proceedings&rft.atitle=The+application+to+economics+of+differential+topology+and+global+analysis%3A+regular+differentiable+economies&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=280-287&rft.date=1976-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1817234%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1976" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (July 1976). "Least concave utility functions". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Mathematical_Economics" title="Journal of Mathematical Economics">Journal of Mathematical Economics</a></i>. <b>3</b> (2): 121–129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0304-4068%2876%2990020-3">10.1016/0304-4068(76)90020-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mathematical+Economics&rft.atitle=Least+concave+utility+functions&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=121-129&rft.date=1976-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0304-4068%2876%2990020-3&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreuKoopmans1982" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard; <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Koopmans, Tjalling C.</a> (December 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922212345/http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d05/d0574.pdf">"Additively decomposed quasiconvex functions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Programming" title="Mathematical Programming">Mathematical Programming</a></i>. <b>24</b> (1): 1–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01585092">10.1007/BF01585092</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206799604">206799604</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d05/d0574.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mathematical+Programming&rft.atitle=Additively+decomposed+quasiconvex+functions&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-38&rft.date=1982-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01585092&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206799604%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Koopmans%2C+Tjalling+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcowles.yale.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fpub%2Fd05%2Fd0574.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1984" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (June 1984). "Economic theory in the mathematical mode". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Economic_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Economic Review">The American Economic Review</a></i>. <b>74</b> (3): 267–278. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1804007">1804007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Economic+theory+in+the+mathematical+mode&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=267-278&rft.date=1984-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1804007%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130226160756/http://elaine.ihs.ac.at/~blume/debreuaer.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1984" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (December 1984). "Economic theory in the mathematical mode". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scandinavian_Journal_of_Economics" title="The Scandinavian Journal of Economics">The Scandinavian Journal of Economics</a></i>. <b>86</b> (4): 393–410. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3439651">10.2307/3439651</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3439651">3439651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scandinavian+Journal+of+Economics&rft.atitle=Economic+theory+in+the+mathematical+mode&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=393-410&rft.date=1984-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3439651&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3439651%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610092118/http://svc.ac.in/files/Gerard%20Debreu-1983.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1986" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (November 1986). "Theoretic models: mathematical form and economic content". <i><a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a></i>. <b>54</b> (6): 1259–1270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1914299">10.2307/1914299</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1914299">1914299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=Theoretic+models%3A+mathematical+form+and+economic+content&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1259-1270&rft.date=1986-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1914299&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1914299%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1991" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (March 1991). "The mathematization of economic theory". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Economic_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Economic Review">The American Economic Review</a></i>. <b>81</b> (1): 1–7. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2006785">2006785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=The+mathematization+of+economic+theory&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-7&rft.date=1991-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2006785%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> (Presidential address delivered at the 103rd meeting of the American Economic Association, 29 December 1990, Washington, DC.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cruel.org/econthought/texts/method/debr91.html">Full text.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1994" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (1994). "Innovation and research: an economist's viewpoint on uncertainty". <i>Nobelists for the Future</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nobelists+for+the+Future&rft.atitle=Innovation+and+research%3A+an+economist%27s+viewpoint+on+uncertainty&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreuBuchananKleinFriedman2001" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard; <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">Buchanan, James M.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Klein, Lawrence R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman, Milton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Solow, Robert M.</a> (Autumn 2001). "The most significant contributions to economics during the twentieth century: lists of the Nobel laureates". <i>The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought</i>. <b>8</b> (3): 289–297. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09672560110062915">10.1080/09672560110062915</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154302343">154302343</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+European+Journal+of+the+History+of+Economic+Thought&rft.atitle=The+most+significant+contributions+to+economics+during+the+twentieth+century%3A+lists+of+the+Nobel+laureates&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=289-297&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09672560110062915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154302343%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+James+M.&rft.au=Klein%2C+Lawrence+R.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Milton&rft.au=Solow%2C+Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Debreu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtlas2005" class="citation news cs1">Atlas, Riva D. (6 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/06/obituaries/06debreu.html?_r=0">"Gerard Debreu, 83, Dies; Won Nobel in Economics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gerard+Debreu%2C+83%2C+Dies%3B+Won+Nobel+in+Economics&rft.date=2005-01-06&rft.aulast=Atlas&rft.aufirst=Riva+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F01%2F06%2Fobituaries%2F06debreu.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDüppe2012" class="citation journal cs1">Düppe, Till (Fall 2012). "Gerard Debreu's secrecy: his life in order and silence". <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Political_Economy" title="History of Political Economy">History of Political Economy</a></i>. <b>44</b> (3): 413–449. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00182702-1717239">10.1215/00182702-1717239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=Gerard+Debreu%27s+secrecy%3A+his+life+in+order+and+silence&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=413-449&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00182702-1717239&rft.aulast=D%C3%BCppe&rft.aufirst=Till&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize.org_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize.org_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1983/debreu/biographical/">"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1983"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Sveriges+Riksbank+Prize+in+Economic+Sciences+in+Memory+of+Alfred+Nobel+1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2F1983%2Fdebreu%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1959" class="citation book cs1">Debreu, Gérard (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digamo.free.fr/debreu59.pdf"><i>The theory of value: an axiomatic analysis of economic equilibrium</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/270657">270657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+theory+of+value%3A+an+axiomatic+analysis+of+economic+equilibrium&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F270657&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigamo.free.fr%2Fdebreu59.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/OcwfyELglmc">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200902120033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcwfyELglmc">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcwfyELglmc">"Gerard Debreu: Lecture 2 on Economic Theory (1987)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 21 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Gerard+Debreu%3A+Lecture+2+on+Economic+Theory+%281987%29&rft.date=2008-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOcwfyELglmc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/gerard-debreu">"Gerard Debreu"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Gerard+Debreu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fgerard-debreu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/56407.html">"Gerard Debreu"</a>. <i>www.nasonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasonline.org&rft.atitle=Gerard+Debreu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fdeceased-members%2F56407.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Gerard+Debreu&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DGerard%2BDebreu%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebreu1991" class="citation journal cs1">Debreu, Gérard (March 1991). "The mathematization of economic theory". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Economic_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Economic Review">The American Economic Review</a></i>. <b>81</b> (1): 1–7. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2006785">2006785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=The+mathematization+of+economic+theory&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-7&rft.date=1991-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2006785%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Debreu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cruel.org/econthought/texts/method/debr91.html">Full text.</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Debreu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/697">Gérard Debreu</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210960#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> including the Nobel Lecture December 8, 1983 <i>Economic Theory in the Mathematical Mode</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/01/05_debreu.shtml">Obituary for Debreu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt358025dk/">Guide to the Gérard Debreu Papers</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Bancroft_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bancroft Library">The Bancroft Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/proudlydismal#p/a/f/0/FfztV7HQf_8">Lectures on Mathematical Economics from 1987 at University of Canterbury </a> via YouTube</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDüppe2012" class="citation journal cs1">Düppe, Till (Fall 2012). "Gerard Debreu's secrecy: his life in order and silence". <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Political_Economy" title="History of Political Economy">History of Political Economy</a></i>. <b>44</b> (3): 413–449. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00182702-1717239">10.1215/00182702-1717239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=Gerard+Debreu%27s+secrecy%3A+his+life+in+order+and+silence&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=413-449&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00182702-1717239&rft.aulast=D%C3%BCppe&rft.aufirst=Till&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Debreu.html">"Gerard Debreu (1921–2004)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Concise_Encyclopedia_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics">The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Economics_and_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Economics and Liberty">Library of Economics and Liberty</a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a>. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gerard+Debreu+%281921%E2%80%932004%29&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Economics&rft.series=Library+of+Economics+and+Liberty&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Liberty+Fund&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econlib.org%2Flibrary%2FEnc%2Fbios%2FDebreu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%A9rard+Debreu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George Stigler</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics">Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics</a> </b><br />1983 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gérard Debreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Malinvaud" title="Edmond Malinvaud">Edmond Malinvaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dr%C3%A8ze" title="Jacques Drèze">Jacques Drèze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Michel_Grandmont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Michel Grandmont (page does not exist)">Jean-Michel Grandmont</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Laroque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Laroque (page does not exist)">Guy Laroque</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Laroque" class="extiw" title="fr:Guy Laroque">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pascal_B%C3%A9nassy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Pascal Bénassy (page does not exist)">Jean-Pascal Bénassy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yves_Younes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yves Younes (page does not exist)">Yves Younes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_classical_macroeconomics" title="New classical macroeconomics">New classical macroeconomics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barro" title="Robert Barro">Robert Barro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Leijonhufvud" title="Axel Leijonhufvud">Axel Leijonhufvud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert Lucas Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_McCallum" title="Bennett McCallum">Bennett McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Minford" title="Patrick Minford">Patrick Minford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Wallace" title="Neil Wallace">Neil Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Real_business-cycle_theory" title="Real business-cycle theory">Real business cycle school</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_King_(economist)" title="Robert King (economist)">Robert King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" title="Finn E. Kydland">Finn E. Kydland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Long_(economist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Long (economist) (page does not exist)">John Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Plosser" title="Charles Plosser">Charles Plosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott" title="Edward C. Prescott">Edward C. Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_Rebelo" title="Sérgio Rebelo">Sérgio Rebelo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Stockman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Stockman (page does not exist)">Alan Stockman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_laureates" title="Template:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_laureates" title="Template talk:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">John R. Hicks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich August von Hayek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich" title="Leonid Kantorovich">Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">James E. Meade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">Sir Arthur Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gérard Debreu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Harry M. Markowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Merton H. Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharpe" title="William F. Sharpe">William F. Sharpe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald H. Coase</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass C. North</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John C. Harsanyi</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash Jr.">John F. Nash Jr.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Merton" title="Robert C. Merton">Robert C. Merton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Myron S. Scholes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Robert A. Mundell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel L. McFadden</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George A. Akerlof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">A. Michael Spence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph E. Stiglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" title="Robert F. Engle">Robert F. Engle III</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Clive W.J. Granger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" title="Finn E. Kydland">Finn E. Kydland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott" title="Edward C. Prescott">Edward C. Prescott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert J. Aumann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas C. Schelling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund S. Phelps</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric S. Maskin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger B. Myerson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter A. Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dale_T._Mortensen" title="Dale T. Mortensen">Dale T. Mortensen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Pissarides" title="Christopher A. Pissarides">Christopher A. Pissarides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Lloyd S. Shapley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Eugene F. Fama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart_(economist)" title="Oliver Hart (economist)">Oliver Hart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard H. Thaler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Paul Romer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Guido Imbens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Diamond" title="Douglas Diamond">Douglas Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Dybvig" title="Philip H. Dybvig">Philip H. Dybvig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2023 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu" title="Daron Acemoglu">Daron Acemoglu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_Johnson_(economist)" title="Simon Johnson (economist)">Simon Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_A._Robinson" title="James A. Robinson">James A. Robinson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1983_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1983_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1983 Nobel Prize 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1983_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1983 Nobel Prize in Literature">1983</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a> (Great Britain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (Poland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gérard Debreu</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1978_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1978 Nobel Prize winners">1978</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1979_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1979 Nobel Prize winners">1979</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1980_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1980 Nobel Prize winners">1980</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1981_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1981 Nobel Prize winners">1981</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1982_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1982 Nobel Prize winners">1982</a></dd> <dd><b>1983 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1984_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1984 Nobel Prize winners">1984</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1985_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1985 Nobel Prize winners">1985</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1986_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1986 Nobel Prize winners">1986</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1987_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1987 Nobel Prize winners">1987</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1988_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1988 Nobel Prize winners">1988</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Template:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Econometric Society">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Econometric_Society" title="Econometric Society">Econometric Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1931–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a> (1931–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Divisia" title="François Divisia">François Divisia</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hotelling" title="Harold Hotelling">Harold Hotelling</a> (1936–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley">Arthur Bowley</a> (1938–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> (1940–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley Mitchell</a> (1942–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a> (1944–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Marschak" title="Jacob Marschak">Jacob Marschak</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Roos" title="Charles F. Roos">Charles Roos</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling Koopmans</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">R. G. D. Allen</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Roy_(economist)" title="René Roy (economist)">René Roy</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Boiteux" title="Marcel Boiteux">Marcel Boiteux</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence Klein</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Theil" title="Henri Theil">Henri Theil</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Malinvaud" title="Edmond Malinvaud">Edmond Malinvaud</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michio_Morishima" title="Michio Morishima">Michio Morishima</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Wold" title="Herman Wold">Herman Wold</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_S._Houthakker" title="Hendrik S. Houthakker">Hendrik Houthakker</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hahn" title="Frank Hahn">Frank Hahn</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dr%C3%A8ze" title="Jacques Drèze">Jacques Drèze</a> (1970)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gérard Debreu</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._M._Gorman" title="W. M. Gorman">W. M. Gorman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Radner" title="Roy Radner">Roy Radner</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Patinkin" title="Don Patinkin">Don Patinkin</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Griliches" title="Zvi Griliches">Zvi Griliches</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirofumi_Uzawa" title="Hirofumi Uzawa">Hirofumi Uzawa</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_W._McKenzie" title="Lionel W. McKenzie">Lionel McKenzie</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Kornai" title="János Kornai">János Kornai</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_M._Fisher" title="Franklin M. Fisher">Franklin M. Fisher</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sargan" title="Denis Sargan">J. Denis Sargan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Nerlove" title="Marc Nerlove">Marc Nerlove</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Scarf" title="Herbert Scarf">Herbert Scarf</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya K. Sen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bruno_(economist)" title="Michael Bruno (economist)">Michael Bruno</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_W._Jorgenson" title="Dale W. Jorgenson">Dale Jorgenson</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Atkinson" title="Tony Atkinson">Anthony B. Atkinson</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_F._Sonnenschein" title="Hugo F. Sonnenschein">Hugo Sonnenschein</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Michel_Grandmont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Michel Grandmont (page does not exist)">Jean-Michel Grandmont</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Grandmont" class="extiw" title="de:Jean-Michel Grandmont">de</a>]</span> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter Diamond</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Laffont" title="Jean-Jacques Laffont">Jean-Jacques Laffont</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreu_Mas-Colell" title="Andreu Mas-Colell">Andreu Mas-Colell</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Negishi" title="Takashi Negishi">Takashi Negishi</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher Sims</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guesnerie" title="Roger Guesnerie">Roger Guesnerie</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas, Jr.</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elhanan_Helpman" title="Elhanan Helpman">Elhanan Helpman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Laroque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Laroque (page does not exist)">Guy Laroque</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Laroque" class="extiw" title="fr:Guy Laroque">fr</a>]</span> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric Maskin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Rubinstein" title="Ariel Rubinstein">Ariel Rubinstein</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Blundell" title="Richard Blundell">Richard Blundell</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsten_Persson" title="Torsten Persson">Torsten Persson</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger B. Myerson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hardman_Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hardman Moore">John H. Moore</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Charles_Rochet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Charles Rochet (page does not exist)">Jean-Charles Rochet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Роше, Жан-Шарль">ru</a>]</span> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Arellano" title="Manuel Arellano">Manuel Arellano</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Porter_(economist)" title="Robert Porter (economist)">Robert Porter</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Dekel" title="Eddie Dekel">Eddie Dekel</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Fudenberg" title="Drew Fudenberg">Drew Fudenberg</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Besley" title="Tim Besley">Tim Besley</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Morris_(economist)" title="Stephen Morris (economist)">Stephen Morris</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orazio_Attanasio" title="Orazio Attanasio">Orazio Attanasio</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinelopi_Koujianou_Goldberg" title="Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg">Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Tabellini" title="Guido Tabellini">Guido Tabellini</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Matzkin" title="Rosa Matzkin">Rosa Matzkin</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliana_La_Ferrara" title="Eliana La Ferrara">Eliana La Ferrara</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_American_Economic_Association" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Economic_Association" title="Template:Presidents of the American Economic Association"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_American_Economic_Association" title="Template talk:Presidents of the American Economic Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Economic_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the American Economic Association"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Economic_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">Presidents of the American Economic Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1886–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Amasa_Walker" title="Francis Amasa Walker">Francis A. Walker</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Franklin_Dunbar" title="Charles Franklin Dunbar">Charles F. Dunbar</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">John B. Clark</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Carter_Adams" title="Henry Carter Adams">Henry C. Adams</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Twining_Hadley" title="Arthur Twining Hadley">Arthur T. Hadley</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Ely" title="Richard T. Ely">Richard T. Ely</a> (1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_R._A._Seligman" title="Edwin R. A. Seligman">Edwin R. A. Seligman</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._Taussig" title="F. W. Taussig">F. W. Taussig</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Jenks" title="Jeremiah Jenks">Jeremiah W. Jenks</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Patten" title="Simon Patten">Simon N. Patten</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Rich_Dewey" title="Davis Rich Dewey">Davis R. Dewey</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_J._James" title="Edmund J. James">Edmund J. James</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Walcott_Farnam" title="Henry Walcott Farnam">Henry W. Farnam</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fetter" title="Frank Fetter">Frank A. Fetter</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kinley" title="David Kinley">David Kinley</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Gray_(economist)" title="John H. Gray (economist)">John H. Gray</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_Willcox" title="Walter Francis Willcox">Walter F. Willcox</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nixon_Carver" title="Thomas Nixon Carver">Thomas N. Carver</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">John R. Commons</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gardner" title="Henry B. Gardner">Henry B. Gardner</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Davenport" title="Herbert J. Davenport">Herbert J. Davenport</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Hollander" title="Jacob Hollander">Jacob H. Hollander</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rogers_Seager" title="Henry Rogers Seager">Henry R. Seager</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_C._Plehn" title="Carl C. Plehn">Carl C. Plehn</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley C. Mitchell</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyn_Abbott_Young" title="Allyn Abbott Young">Allyn A. Young</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_W._Kemmerer" title="Edwin W. Kemmerer">Edwin W. Kemmerer</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewall_Adams" title="Thomas Sewall Adams">Thomas S. Adams</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Taylor" title="Fred M. Taylor">Fred M. Taylor</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Francis_Gay" title="Edwin Francis Gay">Edwin F. Gay</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_B._Hammond" title="Matthew B. Hammond">Matthew B. Hammond</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Bogart" title="Ernest L. Bogart">Ernest L. Bogart</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Barnett" title="George E. Barnett">George E. Barnett</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Ripley" title="William Z. Ripley">William Z. Ripley</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_A._Millis" title="Harry A. Millis">Harry A. Millis</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maurice_Clark" title="John Maurice Clark">John M. Clark</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Saunders_Johnson" title="Alvin Saunders Johnson">Alvin S. Johnson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_M._W._Sprague" title="Oliver M. W. Sprague">Oliver M. W. Sprague</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Hansen" title="Alvin Hansen">Alvin Hansen</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Viner" title="Jacob Viner">Jacob Viner</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Mills" title="Frederick C. Mills">Frederick C. Mills</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_Slichter" title="Sumner Slichter">Sumner Slichter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Griswold_Nourse" title="Edwin Griswold Nourse">Edwin G. Nourse</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Wolfe" title="Albert B. Wolfe">Albert B. Wolfe</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Davis" title="Joseph S. Davis">Joseph S. Davis</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Leo_Sharfman" title="Isaiah Leo Sharfman">I. Leo Sharfman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Goldenweiser" title="Emanuel Goldenweiser">Emanuel A. Goldenweiser</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">Paul Douglas</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_S._Ellis" title="Howard S. Ellis">Howard S. Ellis</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knight" title="Frank Knight">Frank Knight</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Williams_(economist)" title="John Henry Williams (economist)">John H. Williams</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Innis" title="Harold Innis">Harold A. Innis</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_B._Hoover" title="Calvin B. Hoover">Calvin B. Hoover</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Black" title="John D. Black">John D. Black</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_E._Witte" title="Edwin E. Witte">Edwin E. Witte</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_A._Copeland" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris A. Copeland">Morris A. Copeland</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Stocking_Sr." title="George W. Stocking Sr.">George W. Stocking</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_F._Burns" title="Arthur F. Burns">Arthur F. Burns</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sagendorph_Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Sagendorph Mason">Edward S. Mason</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Haberler" title="Gottfried Haberler">Gottfried Haberler</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_J._Spengler" title="Joseph J. Spengler">Joseph J. Spengler</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Machlup" title="Fritz Machlup">Fritz Machlup</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth E. Boulding</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fellner" title="William Fellner">William J. Fellner</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Heller" title="Walter Heller">Walter W. Heller</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aaron_Gordon" title="Robert Aaron Gordon">R. Aaron Gordon</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Marschak" title="Jacob Marschak">Jacob Marschak</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Abramovitz" title="Moses Abramovitz">Moses Abramovitz</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baumol" title="William Baumol">William J. Baumol</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Ackley" title="Gardner Ackley">Gardner Ackley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">W. Arthur Lewis</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schultze" title="Charles Schultze">Charles L. Schultze</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Kindleberger" title="Charles P. Kindleberger">Charles P. Kindleberger</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Rivlin" title="Alice Rivlin">Alice M. Rivlin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Eisner" title="Robert Eisner">Robert Eisner</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Pechman" title="Joseph A. Pechman">Joseph A. Pechman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gérard Debreu</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas C. Schelling</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Griliches" title="Zvi Griliches">Zvi Griliches</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Fuchs" title="Victor Fuchs">Victor R. Fuchs</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Osborn_Krueger" title="Anne Osborn Krueger">Anne O. Krueger</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Harberger" title="Arnold Harberger">Arnold C. Harberger</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Gale_Johnson" title="D. Gale Johnson">D. Gale Johnson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_W._Jorgenson" title="Dale W. Jorgenson">Dale W. Jorgenson</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherwin_Rosen" title="Sherwin Rosen">Sherwin Rosen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert Lucas Jr.</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter Diamond</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Feldstein" title="Martin Feldstein">Martin Feldstein</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George Akerlof</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hall_(economist)" title="Robert Hall (economist)">Robert Hall</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orley_Ashenfelter" title="Orley Ashenfelter">Orley Ashenfelter</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Blanchard" title="Olivier Blanchard">Olivier Blanchard</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Romer" title="Christina Romer">Christina Romer</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Athey" title="Susan Athey">Susan Athey</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Currie" title="Janet Currie">Janet Currie</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210960#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210960#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210960#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14832766">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/95533/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrChxhtgwbkv9bg99Gyh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11885786X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82094550">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122801806">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122801806">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00437529">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36103366">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2005269646&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX977471">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071974369">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90101907">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000016089&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000042459&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hftwws01211lfzw">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810619366205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007455481905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14805671">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00594969?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=199977">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:debreu.gerard">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/162/2286">DBLP</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/217928">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11885786X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031622186">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6br9xc1">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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