CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9176ea06d8c6ce77',cH: 'Hf0EkuEUxFn3nJz6I7T3hykoc0w73pc0l8ZuvRvgY00-1740478316-1.2.1.1-.htwf4hzSy27TIP2MXskn2t5UObm8jok82R9IeALrZ_bTFhHyL0_tYyH3BItrUk_',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=T.%20R.%20Stacey&__cf_chl_tk=hVi6K544HVmiGUQa3kxNkF.whERagshAqSpUUVNoZuw-1740478316-1.0.1.1-91wZ14cDsr0TV4J2Z9znALYUZvFxG5vA0U9o6HCPAk0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740478316',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=T.%20R.%20Stacey&__cf_chl_f_tk=hVi6K544HVmiGUQa3kxNkF.whERagshAqSpUUVNoZuw-1740478316-1.0.1.1-91wZ14cDsr0TV4J2Z9znALYUZvFxG5vA0U9o6HCPAk0",md: "K7EqMo8R_cnJlvPs8LrUMHJvWSeiBwq0vEXwfw3Nr1I-1740478316-1.2.1.1-lV71sA5dXk_BUxTCE7DCgvcKUHPHBSUFPMLBe5gTHgjfVRkai4EoG5rW.J8hs7ISvNeSSEJyMewN7pfRNjYuIWiRONy7E7._6nqwA9f_4MWnlb2hdoT8TZslcvsdHes1eItv21AnymIMm8w7LGvGEMcXQ_SQ2Ta6NvFAviJaDAj8tjKd58FmJ.L8WExtY8GpQKZBnQInBKXbxHk0QyCQj3ea2lOXuj5me1WebQKrxtGD7uaSirGxrJCkhcuVqyzmtXSdB3SCCUnchhrjw.0SjhEATmnjGB1Cmwms3H2ugL5GdSL0k7cwdJLaIqFA_nJZSOJaiDFpurP4Y0IJsIXoANCctn.PxOlBh0pF8vDO8mUIY7MUwWYchLrQEdxVfiWIzOZrIgBurW8_XILQgHBd12VNYdn9Z83DhF5LLP99UlGDCs_n4ISyOB7ZVyynKr5jBw.ckyBPDkvrT2XFvkER_83GUOvJVYom7uffpzudsVCpkoZ4KPI4M.BsRDYjgpmTYqQVzDQeYvvRaeDA4lg7fQDNmhk6b.7mrQw1hfLDM1RcAbMN9eLfrGoBxtoPL5GVSjxfIRzJrP6NjGGj8eA8f6ulHpZ9ZnpBj6Nx2nx8Prt3YyVsY5RuyMz8xv0XQ1BUlJeWkvVaUdlwlAr7LjIcMsDVknsk.NQrnQrrV.hy5m2SeHzV7R8aQ2MnVDsua.kAgxY4mXOVyZs98A5zvhYk7t.baZydU9bRS8RkqNkRhpVgK1GH2xtrfplpHeZpMh55PPbpf8N75nysYSAvCnanTY4ndMxQkYzQT4HAvcZl84n6uKXZPo9y1Y3Olh.6OttYI_q2cro3gipy1x0CTqRI9Kg8SlIXqqQgnuU5fkA72QiN_M560DYZdL1kWdayNPUcbaNvIzYoESDKWQ8mOE524o6durGmQpdVoSCMjAPEeuiCFOxg5defPtum_K7DGgS.6.0mTUlhk.PoVyZB6JBnY42hxuYu8Xt_Ds1X0bVXoxUkCWrfidifDfPRX6gs53mvvrmJULsSou4vwkjaWobnuBXIfErJKHSRmJ2VtCNfqSxZlP4bIrxj0Pbr9S2In9_FEMPPFa9xW3JlJWSNCzP0.3tmIe8XNFV7bv6zJgC0ug1SJr5Jg2AtDjrgoRoJQPbvSUdJ6Hrh78PcughAXiqp25T_uYFB3oicwZsgMJI_m7yy1GHp9j06Qi1U3UA6VDn1nJkIt1uxsbt1kEBxTamNfiVTxuHSl8hJnKZI56KcuyiCrAGJc8LlMryEG1DCy_WhpujgcW3P7NkcC9Qs..Py._pAn0cokPqTo1s2Bn_EcQkyHufd.9A8G7r7CvWxeq99TZi1htwWrxvj_ys8nIpXBCYHtIw2pqnEYlUk65.SiI8.V1.MU9xSxWp00DsP0zjbVQApQq8gSsGq9uwdAiatgWshKJG00Ry9imIOfcbC2hrKUlUshjTy5C9aj8u5dPZxfW.zplkEKLAz7VM2OQRXK2RGY_F8pwJE6fXyJKmircTEuFQg47shrkfg_kIhQ06Iwri3c4MKwEo5hRGfELNF25dXq7FUcJBPLzMN_gbQtDOCMDPOmQQNb6_MlBbaFJmkHPi_x3Od2PYCkFoHjJKdZynYeXG51tsn5KcMWr3KKt3b0yE3DHMv7n.abXwWB1aeAdjBCSSwZGsrUMTeKYbDO9iKw8Th3l8LNoysRbhAz9ZZaH6NAaNi6GXhnZwXvHAWUu0JQVHQTfT9DfchiuRBS1maeuQmYeemhInICqbpXO6WK6ZEpH07dNdmtOAnzJ6bUMJoCFewN9eF9r_6b4UuaqBDx6imWz2Fn98QFmV4OSuVlEnZgJvTCLRZcHLRlYVq.1urrIA6P80SstZLnS6tsAi56gVnN62STEFv_J9WAiHJAEvBacsEq83alaPfEXj2zNfDLbtrwh5iKOV68zl_tZCp9Xqnj.iO1kXXL16dzG4",mdrd: "jo13znif0MlqgD2tJ837IFJ.7iasGs8vUROBBs3xF2s-1740478316-1.2.1.1-Ol2JJQv1EPtAEZN0SVpAV5MnD8hiJGGOzUl.pkNf_5KYAA7VfbcWyYIBYEy7ZiBm1FT5tRLPypwXAevS8W76SaG3lFhuh4JaAkJZ4mh41dsxRcanQQtFCjdH2Sl6DJlx46wYEkbgkVTJJQoF1CfymoEVwpGUTlg6Gs3aMxzl5Pyfq4hqmCAZgkAeY3pmTcDvViLnJSte8gCOEmfIGM5jIT253xkfzRcM0aLfJiRg0MjXriBOF_iYCIk6UfMaAwszDfI6pGFQKgHEfevQu9KVgskCwrpni7YE5P5eqeiQXBwyAt1aWHNLq4JlOx1fzlkl3sOI9Yg5GSevC3wQiQ9HxRh4ZirSVETlyBZD6JajHqfJ0cEydk4x7yDQABeWlZjIv1tzN4Oa6cTdsSKI0LALJntuFx4afT26dgLBRo7b8ncF39152F9d_YPA1JzjmsX4AGZHQQa08q4.Y559C78xEllQopa4jREBbIs9A37h3dY2TVR7GKB7g7Gm_0pHvc3H.ARISkKpxS9lvDTMno9okKorQGrJPmmHaIFimqtNcHC.Do_Jie7zraxCUL.VUN2t5IaKAL44FV_Dk9F6nKh9eOJ8oWHeKRLwMw2OVK_FYNTqIAHppeeUiE2HMRyK583UvYwzo.2HBRASUF2tA0p2FO9fb6dDwU5jLnJqqqyVquCUm.r0Kl5.P0G.BU6yq9vyR7UZ2JWMgcigyNMDUcJ08_l4WMliUlv7pAVSVEXIeZx1feSnyqR0Ks9gbO9yWa1asb_maun3b1cc4IZvStxGZ4A4hhOmuAPGceIEXvH1yMAhXruLYOEq8g1mk.Aq33hev4cAmYKHMV9z8HTBUsjWeQw2zXgJh1.ANl1NIcCJt6xijqPwJNRzFwjo4ESyKsO4jrh1xQjeoD8hKQ_X3LSaIZjfAkRns.php6HcGGZGN9Q0k4SbT2aknvuU.o_8MNwJtZoofN4yuVdD.KRXl1lSnPbewBFoaOND9lzYcNciYzD0ntDQrchSyD4q6gqaCk138A6rKnhjlDA4skHgxE05DN8CjgAmjT99h7mjYPruFBSyTc0HtJGg0RQWXiY6Dfwo0U9u1zLwwadWF4DmMPoDd7aH7VVmu_tEnX.2eRFrWCPbesou6_MhC4p4c5cbxp4v636UuQib47H3d6GYNJDI791A.nRvGA34Y0eubDlGsqoXoPQnE18Nkm_5qhNSHGorBs0vg1iRY5xNg7NlB4JYJpnB6G3MVBcc1zxgXNZQXh.JPTb3oGwD8Ad333DwPj0oJjr4Ryn8bW3oralT8mpaeRoIdw4.wnOr.l2rLH8GA6CcCsn8asF0bB2PLAXpDcsRLWGs9loNTgrYHwvQTTz_tgq6ez52kO3oZRGHEsqrjjwAL3Rp7G.7EDdUOx5OdPh3wUo2yPsiNz3Z0cNLpMlN8MbocXn8u930yi8FcD70TJsjlbecWEhr2Rf7Ur8I9909Apq6zwQIiyPbNmJQJ.rdaAjsPvXRdd8t3D.fpde2xmXdfo8m9v7WVZjadXDFlM8xtE10fryt8niGH.l9cyf70th8FrQFEfr0VUwHPO1acMU8iAadDyqHS7tp0VK.YmNKZOYtXsvS7oUyInOX74K_WUlisN98recbIFzkhIljfApsZ3ws5T04QSMvyiNVzSu_fZtZU6o8sKB4b.Fv72hEGhtQKxI8p0fjETKIhy5BdC_F1gFWijjhOzC3QDrBJIOK.DPJ7bmmNou2.uJsUaBhhrIS91e0GU2sT1oaTZdU3OY6riWZfq1CmoMXagbLkQt8C5ShQjdc5DnfiGaM2_U3_TOSXi0QkuXXD9eGPq9Bi.3RQCuYUyhH9j.4G.Nma3Bq1xTGUFvHmHfrrD.srtrK.Otipf8vNQouLjOEUzu.r.Dp2uHry8WFymVXRvCNOb_UqvKgs.x3OFYXl2kXmVhdDoDu94Nd8x538JxndIa0O9WOn3i9Rq.m8UEq7vopSOMo"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9176ea06d8c6ce77';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=T.%20R.%20Stacey&__cf_chl_rt_tk=hVi6K544HVmiGUQa3kxNkF.whERagshAqSpUUVNoZuw-1740478316-1.0.1.1-91wZ14cDsr0TV4J2Z9znALYUZvFxG5vA0U9o6HCPAk0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>