The Digital Panopticon

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">   <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-102662963-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script> /** * Function that tracks a click on an outbound link in Analytics. * This function takes a valid URL string as an argument, and uses that URL string * as the event label. 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</a> </div> <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="search">Search</a></li> <li><a href="Records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="Convict_Lives">Convict lives</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Historical background <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-overview" href="Historical_Background">Overview</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-overview" href="London_and_Australia">London and Australia</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="London,_1780-1900">London, 1780-1900</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Convicts_and_the_Colonisation_of_Australia,_1788-1868">Convicts and the Colonisation of Australia, 1788-1868</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="The_Australian_Colonies,_1787-1901">The Australian Colonies, 1787-1901</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-overview" href="Crime,_Justice_and_Punishment">Crime, Justice and Punishment</a></li> <li class="dropdown-header digipan-dropdown-header">Overviews</li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Crime,_1780-1925">Crime, 1780-1925</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Criminal_Justice,_1780-1925">Criminal justice, 1780-1925</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Punishments,_1780-1925">Punishments, 1780-1925</a></li> <li class="dropdown-header digipan-dropdown-header">Stages of justice</li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Policing">Policing</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Before_Trial">Before trial</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="The_Old_Bailey_Criminal_Trial">The Old Bailey criminal trial</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Sentencing">Sentencing</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Pardoning">Pardoning</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Death_in_Prison">Death in prison</a></li> <li class="dropdown-header digipan-dropdown-header">Stages of punishment</li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Convict_Hulks">Convict hulks</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Transportation">Transportation</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Imprisonment">Imprisonment</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Execution">Execution</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Research and teaching <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-overview" href="Research_and_Teaching">Overview</a></li>  <li class="dropdown-header digipan-dropdown-header">Thematic research guides</li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="A_Guide_to_Researching_Biometrics">Biometrics</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="A_Guide_to_Researching_Family_History">Family history</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="A_Guide_to_Researching_Female_Offenders">Female offenders</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="A_Guide_to_Researching_Juvenile_Offenders">Juvenile offenders</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="A_Guide_to_Researching_Political_Prisoners">Political prisoners</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="A_Guide_to_Researching_Fraud">Researching fraud</a></li> <li class="dropdown-header digipan-dropdown-header">Research themes</li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Biometrics">Biometrics</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Convict_tattoos">Convict tattoos</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Digital_Dark_Tourism">Digital dark tourism</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="The_Ethics_of_Digital_Data_on_Convict_Lives">The ethics of digital data on convict lives</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="The_Growth_of_Record_Keeping_about_Convicts">The growth of record keeping about convicts</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Intergenerational_Inequalities">Intergenerational inequalities</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Penal_Outcomes">Penal Outcomes</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Recidivism">Recidivism</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="Voices_in_the_Courtroom">Voices in the courtroom</a></li> <li class="dropdown-header digipan-dropdown-header">Teaching Guides</li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="The_Digital_Panopticon_for_Schools">The Digital Panopticon for schools</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="The_Digital_Panopticon_and_GCSE_History">The Digital Panopticon and GCSE History</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="The_Digital_Panopticon_and_AS-Level_and_A-Level_History">The Digital Panopticon and AS/A-Level History</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-indent" href="The_Digital_Panopticon_in_University_Teaching">The Digital Panopticon in University Teaching</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">The project <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown-overview" href="The_Project">Overview</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown" href="About_The_Project">About the project</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown" href="Access_to_Digital_Panopticon_Data">Access to Digital Panopticon Data</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown" target="_blank" href="https://blog.digitalpanopticon.org/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-share" aria-hidden="true"></span> Project blog</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown" href="Copyright_and_Citation_Guide">Copyright and citation guide</a></li> <li><a class="digipan-dropdown" href="Contact_Us">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </li>  </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="tooltip" class="hidden"><span id="value"></span></div> <style> #tooltip { position: absolute; width: 200px; height: auto; padding: 10px; color: white; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; -moz-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px; -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); -moz-box-shadow: 4px 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); box-shadow: 4px 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); pointer-events: none; z-index: 99; } </style> <div class="container"> </div> <div id="digipan-photobar"> <div class="container">  <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 hidden-xs"> <img class="img-responsive" src="i/logo.svg"> </div> <div class="col-sm-9 col-md-9">  </div> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <form action="search"> <input type="hidden" name="e0.type.t.t" value="root"/> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="e0._all.s.s" id="e0._all.s.s" placeholder="Search for names, offences, places, Record ID or Life Archive ID"> <div class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-info" type="submit">Search</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h2 id="digipan-tagline">Tracing London Convicts in Britain & Australia, 1780-1925</h2> <br> <p><b>This website allows you to search millions of records from around fifty datasets, relating to the lives of 90,000 convicts from the Old Bailey. Use our site to search individual convict life archives, explore and visualise data, and learn more about crime and criminal justice in the past.</b></p> <p>In <b>December 2019</b> this website was updated with the addition of <a href="Tattoos,_1793-1925">two datasets on convict tattoos</a> and a new search feature allowing you to <b>search by convict occupations</b>. A substantial number of additional <b>punishment outcomes</b> have been linked to trials. We have made a number of corrections to convict <b>genders and ages</b>, and new visualisations have been added to the <a href="visualisations">visualisation gallery.</a></p> <p><b>58,002 convicts in this database had tattoos</b>. You can now <a href="search?e0.type.t.t=root&e0.has_tattoo.ty.x=yes&e0.tattoo_subjects.mts.mts=&e0.tattoo_designs.s.s=&e0.tattoo_body_locations.s.s=&e0.tattoo_written_words.s.s=&e0.number_of_tattoos.i.l=&e0.number_of_tattoos.i.h=">search for specific tattoos</a> and for <a href="search?e0.type.t.t=root&e1.type.t.t=tattoo&e1.tattoo_subjects.mts.mts=&e1.locations_on_body.s.s=&e1.tattoo_designs.s.s=&e1.tattoo_written_words.s.s=&e1.description_extract.s.s=&e1.date.d.ld=&e1.date.d.lm=&e1.date.d.ly=&e1.date.d.hd=&e1.date.d.hm=&e1.date.d.hy=">specific types of tattoos on specific parts of the body</a>. You can also create visualisations of <a href="search?targ=multipie&e0.type.t.t=root&e1.date.d.hm=&e0.tattoo_body_locations.s.s=&e0.has_tattoo.ty.x=yes&e1.date.d.lm=&e1.date.d.hy=1839&e1.date.d.hd=&e1.date.d.ly=1830&e0.tattoo_designs.s.s=&e1.type.t.t=tattoo&e1.date.d.ld=&tf-multipie-start=tattoo_body_locations&tf-multipie-end=tattoo_designs">tattoo design by body location</a>, <a href="search?targ=multipie&e0.type.t.t=root&e0.religion.s.s=&e0.has_tattoo.ty.x=yes&tf-multipie-start=religion&tf-multipie-end=tattoo_subjects">tattoo subjects according to religion</a>, <a href="search?targ=multipie&e0.type.t.t=root&e1.date.d.hm=&e0.place_of_birth.tp.x=&e1.date.d.lm=&e1.date.d.hy=1840&e1.date.d.hd=&e1.date.d.ly=1800&e1.type.t.t=tattoo&e1.date.d.ld=&tf-multipie-start=place_of_birth&tf-multipie-end=tattoo_designs">tattoo designs by place of birth</a> and <a href="search?targ=multipie&e0.type.t.t=root&e0.occupation.s.s=&e1.type.t.t=tattoo&tf-multipie-start=occupation&tf-multipie-end=tattoo_designs">tattoo designs by occupation</a>.</p>   </div> </div> <br> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="modal fade digipan-modal" id="dload-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button class="btn digipan-red-btn pull-right" type="button" data-dismiss="modal"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></span></button> <h4 class="modal-title">Download results</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <label for="targ-dload">Select a download format</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_download_format', 'Download format');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> <select class="form-control" id="targ-dload"> <option value="tsv" selected>Tab Separated Value (TSV)</option> <option value="json">JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)</option> </select> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="submit" onclick="targ('targ-dload', '&e0.type.t.t=root&e0.tattoo_subjects.mts.mts=&e1.type.t.t=tattoo&e0.gender.tg.x=&e1.date.d.ld=&e1.date.d.lm=&e1.date.d.ly=1830&e1.date.d.hd=&e1.date.d.hm=&e1.date.d.hy=1839')" class="btn btn-info pull-right"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-download-alt" aria-hidden="true"></span> Download </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade digipan-modal" id="vis-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button class="btn digipan-red-btn pull-right" type="button" data-dismiss="modal"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> <h4 class="modal-title">Visualise results</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <label for="targ-vis">Select a visualisation</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_visualise_type', 'Visualisation type');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> <select class="form-control" id="targ-vis" onchange="targflags();"> <option value="multipie" selected>Pie chart</option> <option value="sankey">Sankey diagram</option> <option value="scatter">Life chart</option> </select> <div id="vis-multipie-options" class="panel digipan-vis-options"> <div class="panel-heading">Pie chart options</div> <div class="panel-body"> <label for="tf-multipie-start">Pies</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_pies_pies', 'Pies');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> <select class="form-control" id="tf-multipie-start"> <option value="total">Just one pie</option> <option value="offence">Offence</option> <option value="offencecat">Offence category</option> <option value="sentence">Sentence</option> <option value="sentencecat">Sentence category</option> <option value="gender" selected>Gender</option> <option value="year_of_birth">Year of birth</option> <option value="place_of_birth">Place of birth</option> <option value="region_of_birth">Region of birth</option> <option value="occupation">Top 50 occupations</option> <option value="hisco">HISCO occupation class</option> <option value="eyes">Eye colour</option> <option value="hair">Hair colour</option> <option value="complexion">Complexion</option> <option value="distmarks">Distinguishing marks</option> <option value="build">Build</option> <option value="religion">Religion</option> <option value="height">Height</option> <option value="trials">Number of criminal trials</option> <option value="earliest_trial_age">Age when first tried</option> <option value="earliest_trial_offence_category">First trial offence category</option> <option value="earliest_trial_sentence_category">First trial sentence category</option> <option value="earliest_trial_so_type">First trial sentence outcome</option> <option value="latest_trial_age">Age when last tried</option> <option value="latest_trial_offence_category">Last trial offence category</option> <option value="latest_trial_sentence_category">Last trial sentence category</option> <option value="latest_trial_so_type">Last trial sentence outcome</option> <option value="transported">Ever transported?</option> <option value="colony">Colony transported to</option> <option value="penalservitude">Ever sentenced to penal servitude?</option> <option value="executed">Was person executed?</option> <option value="number_of_children">Number of children</option> <option value="first_child_born_age">Age when first child born</option> <option value="married">Ever married?</option> <option value="married_age">Age when first married</option> <option value="has_tattoo">Has tattoo?</option> <option value="tattoo_subjects">Tattoo subjects</option> <option value="tattoo_designs">Tattoo keywords</option> <option value="tattoo_body_locations">Tattoo body locations</option>  </select> <label for="tf-multipie-end" class="digipan-later-label">Slices</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_pies_slices', 'Pie slices');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> <select class="form-control" id="tf-multipie-end"> <option value="outcome">Sentence outcome</option> <option value="sentence">Sentence</option> <option value="sentencecat">Sentence Category</option> <option value="gender">Gender</option> <option value="year_of_birth">Year of birth</option> <option value="place_of_birth">Place of birth</option> <option value="region_of_birth">Region of birth</option> <option value="occupation">Top 50 occupations</option> <option value="hisco">HISCO occupation class</option> <option value="offence">Offence</option> <option value="offencecat">Offence Category</option> <option value="eyes">Eye colour</option> <option value="hair">Hair colour</option> <option value="complexion">Complexion</option> <option value="distmarks">Distinguishing Marks</option> <option value="build">Build</option> <option value="religion">Religion</option> <option value="height">Height</option> <option value="trials">Number of criminal trials</option> <option value="earliest_trial_age">Age when first tried</option> <option value="earliest_trial_offence_category">First trial offence category</option> <option value="earliest_trial_sentence_category">First trial sentence category</option> <option value="earliest_trial_so_type">First trial sentence outcome</option> <option value="latest_trial_age">Age when last tried</option> <option value="latest_trial_offence_category">Last tial offence category</option> <option value="latest_trial_sentence_category">Last trial sentence category</option> <option value="latest_trial_so_type">Last trial sentence outcome</option> <option value="transported">Ever transported?</option> <option value="colony">Colony transported to</option> <option value="penalservitude">Ever sentenced to penal servitude?</option> <option value="executed">Was person executed?</option> <option value="number_of_children">Number of children</option> <option value="first_child_born_age">Age when first child born</option> <option value="married">Was person ever married?</option> <option value="married_age">Age when first married</option> <option value="has_tattoo">Has tattoo?</option> <option value="tattoo_subjects" selected>Tattoo subjects</option> <option value="tattoo_designs">Tattoo keywords</option> <option value="tattoo_body_locations">Tattoo body locations</option>  </select> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="unknown" id="tf-multipie-unknown" > <label for="tf-multipie-unknown" class="digipan-later-label" style="font-weight: normal;">Omit Unknown Values</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_omit_unknown', 'Omit unknown values');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" id="vis-sankey-options" class="panel digipan-vis-options"> <div class="panel-heading">Sankey options</div> <div class="panel-body"> <label for="tf-sankey-start">Start point</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_visualise_sankey_start', 'Sankey start point');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> <select class="form-control" id="tf-sankey-start"> <option value="offence">Offence</option> <option value="offencecat">Offence Category</option> <option value="sentence">Sentence</option> <option value="sentencecat">Sentence Category</option> <option value="gender">Gender</option> <option value="year_of_birth">Year of birth</option> <option value="place_of_birth">Place of birth</option> <option value="region_of_birth">Region of birth</option> <option value="occupation">Top 50 occupations</option> <option value="hisco">HISCO occupation class</option> <option value="eyes">Eye colour</option> <option value="hair">Hair colour</option> <option value="complexion">Complexion</option> <option value="distmarks">Distinguishing Marks</option> <option value="build">Build</option> <option value="religion">Religion</option> <option value="height">Height</option> <option value="trials">Number of criminal trials</option> <option value="earliest_trial_age">Age when first tried</option> <option value="earliest_trial_offence_category">First trial offence category</option> <option value="earliest_trial_sentence_category">First trial sentence category</option> <option value="earliest_trial_so_type">First trial sentence outcome</option> <option value="latest_trial_age">Age when last tried</option> <option value="latest_trial_offence_category">Last trial offence category</option> <option value="latest_trial_sentence_category">Last trial sentence category</option> <option value="latest_trial_so_type">Last trial sentence outcome</option> <option value="transported">Ever transported?</option> <option value="colony">Colony transported to</option> <option value="penalservitude">Ever sentenced to penal servitude?</option> <option value="executed">Was person executed?</option> <option value="number_of_children">Number of children</option> <option value="first_child_born_age">Age when first child born</option> <option value="married">Ever married?</option> <option value="married_age">Age when first married</option> <option value="has_tattoo">Has tattoo?</option> <option value="tattoo_subjects">Tattoo subjects</option> <option value="tattoo_designs">Tattoo keywords</option> <option value="tattoo_body_locations">Tattoo body locations</option>  </select> <label for="tf-sankey-end" class="digipan-later-label">End point</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_visualise_sankey_end', 'Sankey end point');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> <select class="form-control" id="tf-sankey-end"> <option value="outcome">Sentence outcome</option> <option value="sentence">Sentence</option> <option value="sentencecat">Sentence Category</option> <option value="gender">Gender</option> <option value="year_of_birth">Year of birth</option> <option value="place_of_birth">Place of birth</option> <option value="region_of_birth">Region of birth</option> <option value="occupation">Top 50 occupations</option> <option value="hisco">HISCO occupation class</option> <option value="offence">Offence</option> <option value="offencecat">Offence Category</option> <option value="eyes">Eye colour</option> <option value="hair">Hair colour</option> <option value="complexion">Complexion</option> <option value="distmarks">Distinguishing Marks</option> <option value="build">Build</option> <option value="religion">Religion</option> <option value="height">Height</option> <option value="trials">Number of criminal trials</option> <option value="earliest_trial_age">Age when first tried</option> <option value="earliest_trial_offence_category">First trial offence category</option> <option value="earliest_trial_sentence_category">First trial sentence category</option> <option value="earliest_trial_so_type">First trial sentence outcome</option> <option value="latest_trial_age">Age when last tried</option> <option value="latest_trial_offence_category">Last tial offence category</option> <option value="latest_trial_sentence_category">Last trial sentence category</option> <option value="latest_trial_so_type">Last trial sentence outcome</option> <option value="transported">Ever transported?</option> <option value="colony">Colony transported to</option> <option value="penalservitude">Ever sentenced to penal servitude?</option> <option value="executed">Was person executed?</option> <option value="number_of_children">Number of children</option> <option value="first_child_born_age">Age when first child born</option> <option value="married">Was person ever married?</option> <option value="married_age">Age when first married</option> <option value="has_tattoo">Has tattoo?</option> <option value="tattoo_subjects">Tattoo subjects</option> <option value="tattoo_designs">Tattoo keywords</option> <option value="tattoo_body_locations">Tattoo body locations</option>  </select> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="unknown" id="tf-sankey-unknown" > <label for="tf-sankey-unknown" class="digipan-later-label" style="font-weight: normal;">Omit Unknown Values</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_omit_unknown', 'Omit unknown values');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" id="vis-scatter-options" class="panel digipan-vis-options"> <div class="panel-heading">Life chart options</div> <div class="panel-body"> <label for="tf-scatter-color">Colour lives according to</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_visualise_scatter_colour', 'Life chart colours');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> <select class="form-control" id="tf-scatter-color"> <option value="gender">Gender</option> <option value="year_of_birth">Year of birth</option> <option value="place_of_birth">Place of birth</option> <option value="region_of_birth">Region of birth</option> <option value="occupation">Top 50 occupations</option> <option value="offence">Offence</option> <option value="offencecat">Offence Category</option> <option value="eyes">Eye colour</option> <option value="hair">Hair colour</option> <option value="complexion">Complexion</option> <option value="distmarks">Distinguishing Marks</option> <option value="build">Build</option> <option value="religion">Religion</option> <option value="height">Height</option> <option value="trials">Number of criminal trials</option> <option value="earliest_trial_age">Age when first tried</option> <option value="earliest_trial_offence_category">First trial offence category</option> <option value="earliest_trial_sentence_category">First trial sentence category</option> <option value="earliest_trial_so_type">First trial sentence outcome</option> <option value="latest_trial_age">Age when last tried</option> <option value="latest_trial_offence_category">Last trial offence category</option> <option value="latest_trial_sentence_category">Last tiral sentence category</option> <option value="latest_trial_so_type">Last trial sentence outcome</option> <option value="transported">Ever transported?</option> <option value="colony">Colony transported to</option> <option value="penalservitude">Ever sentenced to penal servitude?</option> <option value="executed">Was person executed?</option> <option value="number_of_children">Number of children</option> <option value="first_child_born_age">Age when first child born</option> <option value="married">Was person ever married?</option> <option value="married_age">Age when first married</option> <option value="has_tattoo">Has tattoo?</option> <option value="tattoo_subjects">Tattoo subjects</option> <option value="tattoo_designs">Tattoo keywords</option> <option value="tattoo_body_locations">Tattoo body locations</option>  </select> <label for="tf-scatter-major" class="digipan-later-label">Show events</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_visualise_scatter_events', 'Life chart events');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> <select class="form-control" id="tf-scatter-major"> <option value="major">Major only</option> <option value="minor">Major and minor</option> </select> <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="unknown" id="tf-scatter-unknown" > <label for="tf-scatter-unknown" class="digipan-later-label" style="font-weight: normal;">Omit Unknown Values</label> <span class="digipan-help-link digipan-modal-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#help-modal" onclick="helpmodaldirect('Help_omit_unknown', 'Omit unknown values');"><img class="digipan-helpicon" src="i/help.svg"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="submit" onclick="targ('targ-vis', '&e0.type.t.t=root&e0.tattoo_subjects.mts.mts=&e1.type.t.t=tattoo&e0.gender.tg.x=&e1.date.d.ld=&e1.date.d.lm=&e1.date.d.ly=1830&e1.date.d.hd=&e1.date.d.hm=&e1.date.d.hy=1839')" class="btn btn-info pull-right"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-picture" aria-hidden="true"></span> Visualise </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade digipan-modal" id="cite-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button class="btn digipan-red-btn pull-right" type="button" data-dismiss="modal"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></span></button> <h4 class="modal-title">Cite this search</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <i>The Digital Panopticon</i> Search Builder; results. (<span id="citeurl"></span>). Version , consulted . </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12" style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px;"> <h2>Did male and female convicts get different types of tattoos?</h2> <span id="digipan-vis-total"></span> <span id="digipan-vis-link"> <a class="small" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#vis-modal"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-picture" aria-hidden="true"></span> Change visualisation </a> </span> <span id="digipan-vis-link"> <a class="small" href="search?targ=hitlist&e0.type.t.t=root&e0.tattoo_subjects.mts.mts=&e1.type.t.t=tattoo&e0.gender.tg.x=&e1.date.d.ld=&e1.date.d.lm=&e1.date.d.ly=1830&e1.date.d.hd=&e1.date.d.hm=&e1.date.d.hy=1839"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list" aria-hidden="true"></span> View as hitlist </a> </span> </div> </div> <div id="waiting" class="digipan-waiting"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-hourglass"></i></div> <h4 style="margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: normal;" id="pie-subtitle"></span> <span style="font-weight: 700;" id="pie-maintitle"></span></h3> <div id="d3svg"></div> <h4><span style="font-weight: normal;" id="slice-subtitle"></span> <span style="font-weight: 700;" id="slice-maintitle"></span></h3> <div id="legend"></div> <div id="digipan-vis-subtitle">These pie charts allow you to compare the popularity of different tattoo subjects among male and female convicts in the 1830s. <a class="digipan-more-info" href="search?targ=hitlist&e0.type.t.t=root&e1.date.d.hy=1839&e1.date.d.ly=1830&e0.gender.tg.x=&e1.date.d.hm=&e0.tattoo_subjects.mts.mts=&e1.date.d.lm=&e1.date.d.hd=&e1.type.t.t=tattoo&e1.date.d.ld=">See all the results</a></div> <script src="js/d3.v4.min.js"></script> <script> var radius = 100; var hole = 30; var color = d3.scaleOrdinal().range(d3.schemeCategory20); var arc = d3.arc().outerRadius(radius).innerRadius(hole); var pie = d3.pie().sort(null).value(function(d) { return d.count; }); //var _source_file = getParameterByName("data"); //if (!_source_file) { // _source_file = "matchtotals"; //} d3.tsv("vis-assets/tattoos_gender_subjects.tsv", function(error, data) { //d3.tsv("visualisations/tsv/soundextotals.tsv", function(error, data) { d3.select("#waiting").style("display", "none"); //console.log(data); color.domain(d3.keys(data[0]).filter(function(key) { return key !== "Pie"; })); var pies = 0; var grandtotal = 0; data.forEach(function(d) { var total = 0; var idx = 0; for(var p in d){ //alert(propt + ': ' + d[propt]); var num = +d[p]; //console.log(num); if (!isNaN(num) && idx > 0) { total = total + num; } idx++; //total = total + d[propt]; } d.total = total; d.slices = color.domain().map(function(name) { return {name: name, count: +d[name], total: total}; }); pies++; grandtotal = grandtotal + total; //console.log(d); }); //console.log('grandtotal: ' + grandtotal); //console.log("pies: " + pies); if (grandtotal == 0) { d3.select("#d3svg").append("div").html(function(d) { return '<b>Sorry, these settings have resulted in a visualisaton where there is no data to display. Please feel free to <span id="digipan-vis-link" style="padding-left:0px;"><a data-toggle="modal" data-target="#vis-modal">change the visualisation</a></span> and / or alter the search criteria.</b>'; }); /* <a class="small" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#vis-modal"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-picture" aria-hidden="true"></span> Change visualisation</a> */ } else { if ($("#tf-multipie-start option:selected").text() == "Year of birth") { data.sort(function(a, b){ return d3.ascending(a['Pie'], b['Pie']); }) } else { data.sort(function(a, b){ return d3.descending(a.total, b.total); }) } // legend var legend = d3.select("#legend").append("div") .style("margin-bottom", "10px") .selectAll("div") .data(color.domain().slice().reverse()) .enter().append("div") .style("margin-left", "30px") .style("width", "250px") .style("display", function(d, i) { if (i == 0) { return "none"; } return "inline-block" } ) legend.append("span") .style("background-color", color) .style("width", "1em") .style("height", "1em") .style("display", "inline-block") .text(" "); legend.append("span") .style("margin-left", "5px") .text(function(d) { return flc(prettify(d)); }); //.text(function(d) { return d; }); // pies var container_divs = d3.select("#d3svg").selectAll(".pie") .data(data) .enter().append("div") .style("width", "210px") .style("vertical-align", "top") .style("display", "inline-block") .style("margin-bottom", "40px") //.style("border", "1px solid #000") var svg_elements = container_divs.append("svg") //.style("margin", "5px") .attr("class", "pie") .attr("width", radius * 2) .attr("height", radius * 2) .append("g") .attr("transform", "translate(" + radius + "," + radius + ")"); var arcs = svg_elements.selectAll(".arc").data(function(d) { return pie(d.slices); }); arcs.enter().append("path") .attr("class", "arc") .attr("d", arc) .on("mouseover", function(d) { var xPosition = d3.event.pageX; var yPosition = d3.event.pageY; var pc = Math.round((d.value / d.data.total) * 100); var html = flc(prettify(d.data.name)) + " <b>" + d.value + "</b> " + pc + "%"; //var html = d.data.name + " <b>" + d.value + "</b> " + pc + "%"; d3.select("#tooltip") .style("left", xPosition + "px") .style("top", yPosition + "px") .select("#value") .html(html); d3.select("#tooltip").classed("hidden", false); d3.select("#tooltip").style("background-color", d3.rgb(color(d.data.name)).darker(0.3)); } ) .on("mouseout", function(d) { d3.select("#tooltip").classed("hidden", true); } ) .style("fill", function(d) { return color(d.data.name); }); // percentage labels arcs.enter().append("text") .attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + arc.centroid(d) + ")"; }) .style("fill", "white") .style("font-size", "14") .style("text-anchor", "middle") .text(function(d) { var ret = ""; var pc = Math.round((d.value / d.data.total) * 100); //console.log(pc); if (pc > 7) { ret = pc + "%"; //ret = ret + "\n"; //ret = ret + d.data.name; } return ret; }); container_divs.append("div") .style("text-align", "center") .html(function(d) { if (d.total > 0) { return "<b>" + flc(prettify(d.Pie)) + "</b> " + d.total + ""; } }); var slicetitle = $("#tf-multipie-end option:selected").text(); var pietitle = $("#tf-multipie-start option:selected").text(); if (pies > 1) { $("#slice-subtitle").text("Slices"); $("#pie-subtitle").text("Pies"); $("#slice-maintitle").text(slicetitle); $("#pie-maintitle").text(pietitle); } else { $("#slice-maintitle").text(slicetitle); } } }); function getParameterByName(name) { name = name.replace(/[\[]/, "\\\[").replace(/[\]]/, "\\\]"); var regex = new RegExp("[\\?&]" + name + "=([^&#]*)"); var results = regex.exec(location.search); return results == null ? "" : decodeURIComponent(results[1].replace(/\+/g, " ")); } /* var units = "people"; // set the dimensions and margins of the graph var margin = {top: 10, right: 10, bottom: 10, left: 10}, //width = 1140 - margin.left - margin.right, width = parseInt(d3.select('#d3svg').style('width'), 10) - margin.left - margin.right, height = 400 - margin.top - margin.bottom; // format variables var formatNumber = d3.format(",.0f"), // zero decimal places format = function(d) { return formatNumber(d) + " " + units; }, color = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory20); // append the svg object to the body of the page var svg = d3.select("#d3svg").append("svg") .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) .append("g") .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")"); // Set the sankey diagram properties var sankey = d3.sankey() .nodeWidth(10) .nodePadding(10) .size([width, height]); var path = sankey.link(); // load the data //d3.json("sankey.json", function(error, graph) { var params = location.search; //d3.json("wbsearch" + params + "&dload=yes&dloadtype=sj", function(error, graph) { //d3.json("visualisations/sankey.json", function(error, graph) { //d3.json("search?targ=sankeyjson&e0.type.t.t=root&e0.tattoo_subjects.mts.mts=&e1.type.t.t=tattoo&e0.gender.tg.x=&e1.date.d.ld=&e1.date.d.lm=&e1.date.d.ly=1830&e1.date.d.hd=&e1.date.d.hm=&e1.date.d.hy=1839tf-multipie-start=gender&tf-multipie-end=tattoo_subjects", function(error, graph) { d3.json("vis-assets/tattoos_gender_subjects.tsv", function(error, graph) { d3.select("#waiting").style("display", "none"); if (error) { d3.select("#d3svg").html("<div class=\"alert alert-danger\"><p><strong>The Digital Panopticon search is undergoing brief maintenance.</strong></p><p>Please accept our apologies for this inconvenience. We are making some adjustments to our search server. Search should be restored shortly.</p></div>"); } //svg.append("text").text("Woah am I some text"); sankey .nodes(graph.nodes) .links(graph.links) .layout(32); // display total information if (graph.total == graph.vistotal) { d3.select('#digipan-vis-total').html(graph.total + " results"); } else { d3.select('#digipan-vis-total').html("Charting the first " + graph.vistotal + " of " + graph.total + " total results"); } d3.select('#digipan-start').html(graph.startlabel); d3.select('#digipan-end').html(graph.endlabel); // add in the links var link = svg.append("g").selectAll(".link") .data(graph.links) .enter().append("path") .attr("class", "link") .attr("d", path) .style("stroke-width", function(d) { return Math.max(1, d.dy); }) .sort(function(a, b) { return b.dy - a.dy; }); // add the link titles link.append("title") .text(function(d) { return d.source.pretty + " : " + d.target.pretty + "\n" + format(d.value); }); // add in the nodes var node = svg.append("g").selectAll(".node") .data(graph.nodes) .enter().append("g") .attr("class", "node") .attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + d.x + "," + d.y + ")"; }) .call(d3.drag() .subject(function(d) { return d; }) .on("start", function() { this.parentNode.appendChild(this); }) .on("drag", dragmove)); // add the rectangles for the nodes node.append("rect") .attr("height", function(d) { return d.dy; }) .attr("width", sankey.nodeWidth()) .style("fill", function(d) { return d.color = color(d.pretty.replace(/ ., "")); }) .style("stroke", function(d) { return d3.rgb(d.color).darker(2); }) .append("title") .text(function(d) { return d.pretty + "\n" + format(d.value); }); // add in the title for the nodes node.append("text") .attr("x", -6) .attr("y", function(d) { return d.dy / 2; }) .attr("dy", ".35em") .attr("text-anchor", "end") .attr("transform", null) .text(function(d) { return d.pretty; }) .filter(function(d) { return d.x < width / 2; }) .attr("x", 6 + sankey.nodeWidth()) .attr("text-anchor", "start"); // the function for moving the nodes function dragmove(d) { d3.select(this) .attr("transform", "translate(" + d.x + "," + (d.y = Math.max( 0, Math.min(height - d.dy, d3.event.y)) ) + ")"); sankey.relayout(); link.attr("d", path); } }); */ </script> <div class="modal fade digipan-modal" id="cite-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button class="btn digipan-red-btn pull-right" type="button" data-dismiss="modal"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></span></button> <h4 class="modal-title">Cite this visualisation</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <i>The Digital Panopticon</i> Custom Sankey Diagram (<span id="citeurl"></span> consulted ). </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel digipan-static-article"> <div class="panel-heading">Featured articles</div> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="thumbnail pull-left digipan-wiki-thumbnail-left"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.dhi.ac.uk/dpmw/images/a/aa/Hulks2.jpg"><div class="caption digipan-wiki-caption">[Anonymous], Prison Hulks on the River Thames, Woolwich (c. 1856). 漏 Greenwich Local History Library.</div></div> <h2 style="margin-top: 0;">Convict Hulks</h2> <p><b>The majority of the convicts whose lives are documented in the Digital Panopticon spent some time on the hulks.</b></p> <p>Hulks were decommissioned (and often unseaworthy) ships that were moored in rivers and estuaries and refitted to become floating prisons. Originating with the penal crisis caused by the outbreak of war with America in 1775, the hulks were intended as a temporary expedient for housing convict prisoners, but they remained in use for over eighty years. <a class="digipan-more-info" href="Convict_Hulks">Find out more</a></p><p class="digipan-see-also">See also</p><p><a href="Transportation">Transportation</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="thumbnail pull-right digipan-wiki-thumbnail-right"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.dhi.ac.uk/dpmw/images/7/7f/Fpa1.jpg"><div class="caption digipan-wiki-caption">George Moutard Woodward, 'The deaf judge, or mutual misunderstanding' (1796)</div></div> <h2 style="margin-top: 0;">Petitions for Pardon</h2> <p><b>Several record sets included on this site contain details of the petitions submitted by offenders and/or their families and friends to the Home Office for the reduction or revocation of their sentences.</b></p><p>The Home Office usually, although not always, forwarded the petition and any supporting documents to the trial judge (or the Recorder of London, if it was a case from the capital), asking for a recommendation on the case.</p><p>Pardons provide some of the richest detail available on the lives of offenders. In putting forward the grounds for mercy, petitions often provide details of the offender鈥檚 life and circumstances at the time of the crime. <a class="digipan-more-info" href="Petitions_for_Pardon_1797-1858">Find out more</a></p><p class="digipan-see-also">See also</p><p><a href="The_Old_Bailey_Criminal_Trial">The Old Bailey Criminal Trial</a><br><a href="Sentencing">Sentencing</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-12"> <div class="panel digipan-boxout-life-img"> <div class="panel-heading">Life of the week</div> <div class="panel-body" style="background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(67, 27, 0, 1), rgba(67, 27, 0, 0.2)), url('photos/PCOM4_50_16.jpg');"> <div id="digipan-life-title"><a class="digipan-white-link" href="Hall,_Mary_Ann,_b._c.1840">Mary Ann Hall, b. 1840</a></div> <div id="digipan-life-info">Mary Ann was born in Kingston upon Hull to William and Eleanor White in 1840. The pattern of Mary Ann鈥檚 offending is intriguing. She was in her late twenties when she first came before the courts. <a class="digipan-brighter-link digipan-more-info" href="Hall,_Mary_Ann,_b._c.1840">Find out more</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-md-12"> <div class="panel digipan-boxout-datavis"> <div class="panel-heading">Data visualisations</div> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-6 digipan-igrid"> <div class="hovereffect"> <a href="visualisations"> <img class="digipan-igrid-img-small" src="vis-assets/1800_lives.png" alt=""> <div class="overlay"></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-6 digipan-igrid"> <div class="hovereffect"> <a href="visualisations"> <img class="digipan-igrid-img-small" src="vis-assets/3dlines.png" alt=""> <div class="overlay"></div> </a> </div> </div>   </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-6 digipan-igrid"> <div class="hovereffect"> <a href="visualisations"> <img class="digipan-igrid-img-small" src="vis-assets/lines_interval.png" alt=""> <div class="overlay"></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-6 digipan-igrid"> <div class="hovereffect"> <a href="visualisations"> <img class="digipan-igrid-img-small" src="vis-assets/bigscatter.png" alt=""> <div class="overlay"></div> </a> </div> </div>  </div> <p>You can turn any Digital Panopticon search into a visualisation by clicking the <strong>Visualise</strong> link above the search results.</p> <p>You can also browse our <a class="digipan-brighter-link" href="visualisations">visualisation gallery</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12"> <div class="panel digipan-boxout-search"> <div class="panel-heading">Search</div> <div class="panel-body"> <p>You can search for people using details of <a class="digipan-brighter-link" href="search?preset=crime">criminal trials</a> as well as <a class="digipan-brighter-link" href="search?preset=name">name</a>. 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