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student t- distribution</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: skewed student t- distribution"> <meta name="keywords" content="skewed student t- distribution"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="skewed student t- distribution"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7561</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: skewed student t- distribution</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7561</span> Modelling Volatility of Cryptocurrencies: Evidence from GARCH Family of Models with Skewed Error Innovation Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Kayode%20Samson">Timothy Kayode Samson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adedoyin%20Isola%20Lawal"> Adedoyin Isola Lawal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The past five years have shown a sharp increase in public interest in the crypto market, with its market capitalization growing from $100 billion in June 2017 to $2158.42 billion on April 5, 2022. Despite the outrageous nature of the volatility of cryptocurrencies, the use of skewed error innovation distributions in modelling the volatility behaviour of these digital currencies has not been given much research attention. Hence, this study models the volatility of 5 largest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, Binance coin, and USD Coin) using four variants of GARCH models (GJR-GARCH, sGARCH, EGARCH, and APARCH) estimated using three skewed error innovation distributions (skewed normal, skewed student- t and skewed generalized error innovation distributions). Daily closing prices of these currencies were obtained from Yahoo Finance website. Finding reveals that the Binance coin reported higher mean returns compared to other digital currencies, while the skewness indicates that the Binance coin, Tether, and USD coin increased more than they decreased in values within the period of study. For both Bitcoin and Ethereum, negative skewness was obtained, meaning that within the period of study, the returns of these currencies decreased more than they increased in value. Returns from these cryptocurrencies were found to be stationary but not normality distributed with evidence of the ARCH effect. The skewness parameters in all best forecasting models were all significant (p<.05), justifying of use of skewed error innovation distributions with a fatter tail than normal, Student-t, and generalized error innovation distributions. For Binance coin, EGARCH-sstd outperformed other volatility models, while for Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, and USD coin, the best forecasting models were EGARCH-sstd, APARCH-sstd, EGARCH-sged, and GJR-GARCH-sstd, respectively. This suggests the superiority of skewed Student t- distribution and skewed generalized error distribution over the skewed normal distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skewed%20generalized%20error%20distribution" title="skewed generalized error distribution">skewed generalized error distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skewed%20normal%20distribution" title=" skewed normal distribution"> skewed normal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skewed%20student%20t-%20distribution" title=" skewed student t- distribution"> skewed student t- distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=APARCH" title=" APARCH"> APARCH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EGARCH" title=" EGARCH"> EGARCH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sGARCH" title=" sGARCH"> sGARCH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GJR-GARCH" title=" GJR-GARCH"> GJR-GARCH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151699/modelling-volatility-of-cryptocurrencies-evidence-from-garch-family-of-models-with-skewed-error-innovation-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7560</span> Evaluating Performance of Value at Risk Models for the MENA Islamic Stock Market Portfolios</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrazek%20Ben%20Maatoug">Abderrazek Ben Maatoug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Fatnassi"> Ibrahim Fatnassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassim%20Ben%20Ayed"> Wassim Ben Ayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we investigate the issue of market risk quantification for Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Islamic market equity. We use Value-at-Risk (VaR) as a measure of potential risk in Islamic stock market, for long and short position, based on Riskmetrics model and the conditional parametric ARCH class model volatility with normal, student and skewed student distribution. The sample consist of daily data for the 2006-2014 of 11 Islamic stock markets indices. We conduct Kupiec and Engle and Manganelli tests to evaluate the performance for each model. The main finding of our empirical results show that (i) the superior performance of VaR models based on the Student and skewed Student distribution, for the significance level of α=1% , for all Islamic stock market indices, and for both long and short trading positions (ii) Risk Metrics model, and VaR model based on conditional volatility with normal distribution provides the best accurate VaR estimations for both long and short trading positions for a significance level of α=5%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value-at-risk" title="value-at-risk">value-at-risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20finance" title=" islamic finance"> islamic finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GARCH%20models" title=" GARCH models"> GARCH models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24208/evaluating-performance-of-value-at-risk-models-for-the-mena-islamic-stock-market-portfolios" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7559</span> The Normal-Generalized Hyperbolic Secant Distribution: Properties and Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazem%20M.%20Al-Mofleh">Hazem M. Al-Mofleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new four-parameter univariate continuous distribution called the Normal-Generalized Hyperbolic Secant Distribution (NGHS) is defined and studied. Some general and structural distributional properties are investigated and discussed, including: central and non-central n-th moments and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions, hazard function, Rényi and Shannon entropies, shapes: skewed right, skewed left, and symmetric, modality regions: unimodal and bimodal, maximum likelihood (MLE) estimators for the parameters. Finally, two real data sets are used to demonstrate empirically its flexibility and prove the strength of the new distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bimodality" title="bimodality">bimodality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title=" estimation"> estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20function" title=" hazard function"> hazard function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moments" title=" moments"> moments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shannon%E2%80%99s%20entropy" title=" Shannon’s entropy"> Shannon’s entropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62567/the-normal-generalized-hyperbolic-secant-distribution-properties-and-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7558</span> Optimum Stratiﬁcation of a Skewed Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Rao">D. K. Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20M.%20Khan"> M. G. M. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20G.%20Reddy"> K. G. Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of this paper is to develop a technique of solving a combined problem of determining Optimum Strata Boundaries (OSB) and Optimum Sample Size (OSS) of each stratum, when the population understudy is skewed and the study variable has a Pareto frequency distribution. The problem of determining the OSB is formulated as a Mathematical Programming Problem (MPP) which is then solved by dynamic programming technique. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the computational details of the proposed method. The proposed technique is useful to obtain OSB and OSS for a Pareto type skewed population, which minimizes the variance of the estimate of population mean. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strati%EF%AC%81ed%20sampling" title="stratiﬁed sampling">stratiﬁed sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20strata%20boundaries" title=" optimum strata boundaries"> optimum strata boundaries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20sample%20size" title=" optimum sample size"> optimum sample size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pareto%20distribution" title=" pareto distribution"> pareto distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20programming%20problem" title=" mathematical programming problem"> mathematical programming problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20programming%20technique" title=" dynamic programming technique"> dynamic programming technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5894/optimum-stratification-of-a-skewed-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7557</span> Examining the Relationship between Chi-Square Test Statistics and Skewness of Weibull Distribution: Simulation Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafida%20M.%20Elobaid">Rafida M. Elobaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the literature on goodness-of-fit test try to provide a theoretical basis for studying empirical distribution functions. Such goodness-of-fit tests are Kolmogorove-Simirnov and Crumer-Von Mises Type tests. However, it is likely that most of literature has not focused in details on the relationship of the values of the test statistics and skewness or kurtosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of the values of the χ2 test statistic with the variation of the skewness of right skewed distribution. A simulation study is conducted to generate random numbers from Weibull distribution. For a fixed sample sizes, different levels of skewness are considered, and the corresponding values of the χ2 test statistic are calculated. Using different sample sizes, the results show an inverse relationship between the value of χ2 test and the level of skewness for Wiebull distribution, i.e the value of χ2 test statistic decreases as the value of skewness increases. The research results also show that with large values of skewness we are more confident that the data follows the assumed distribution. Nonparametric Kendall τ test is used to confirm these results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goodness-of-fit%20test" title="goodness-of-fit test">goodness-of-fit test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chi-square%20test" title=" chi-square test"> chi-square test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20right%20skewed%20distributions" title=" continuous right skewed distributions"> continuous right skewed distributions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43635/examining-the-relationship-between-chi-square-test-statistics-and-skewness-of-weibull-distribution-simulation-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7556</span> Point Estimation for the Type II Generalized Logistic Distribution Based on Progressively Censored Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Rimawi">Rana Rimawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Baklizi"> Ayman Baklizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Skewed distributions are important models that are frequently used in applications. Generalized distributions form a class of skewed distributions and gain widespread use in applications because of their flexibility in data analysis. More specifically, the Generalized Logistic Distribution with its different types has received considerable attention recently. In this study, based on progressively type-II censored data, we will consider point estimation in type II Generalized Logistic Distribution (Type II GLD). We will develop several estimators for its unknown parameters, including maximum likelihood estimators (MLE), Bayes estimators and linear estimators (BLUE). The estimators will be compared using simulation based on the criteria of bias and Mean square error (MSE). An illustrative example of a real data set will be given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20estimation" title="point estimation">point estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%20II%20generalized%20logistic%20distribution" title=" type II generalized logistic distribution"> type II generalized logistic distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20censoring" title=" progressive censoring"> progressive censoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood%20estimation" title=" maximum likelihood estimation"> maximum likelihood estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142979/point-estimation-for-the-type-ii-generalized-logistic-distribution-based-on-progressively-censored-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7555</span> Improved Imaging and Tracking Algorithm for Maneuvering Extended UAVs Using High-Resolution ISAR Radar System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Barbary">Mohamed Barbary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20H.%20Abd%20El-Azeem"> Mohamed H. Abd El-Azeem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maneuvering extended object tracking (M-EOT) using high-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) observations has been gaining momentum recently. This work presents a new robust implementation of the multiple models (MM) multi-Bernoulli (MB) filter for M-EOT, where the M-EOT’s ISAR observations are characterized using a skewed (SK) non-symmetrically normal distribution. To cope with the possible abrupt change of kinematic state, extension, and observation distribution over an extended object when a target maneuvers, a multiple model technique is represented based on MB-track-before-detect (TBD) filter supported by SK-sub-random matrix model (RMM) or sub-ellipses framework. Simulation results demonstrate this remarkable impact. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maneuvering%20extended%20objects" title="maneuvering extended objects">maneuvering extended objects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISAR" title=" ISAR"> ISAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skewed%20normal%20distribution" title=" skewed normal distribution"> skewed normal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-RMM" title=" sub-RMM"> sub-RMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MM-MB-TBD%20filter" title=" MM-MB-TBD filter"> MM-MB-TBD filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167135/improved-imaging-and-tracking-algorithm-for-maneuvering-extended-uavs-using-high-resolution-isar-radar-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7554</span> ISAR Imaging and Tracking Algorithm for Maneuvering Non-ellipsoidal Extended Objects Using Jump Markov Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Barbary">Mohamed Barbary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20H.%20Abd%20El-azeem"> Mohamed H. Abd El-azeem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maneuvering non-ellipsoidal extended object tracking (M-NEOT) using high-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) observations is gaining momentum recently. This work presents a new robust implementation of the Jump Markov (JM) multi-Bernoulli (MB) filter for M-NEOT, where the M-NEOT’s ISAR observations are characterized using a skewed (SK) non-symmetrically normal distribution. To cope with the possible abrupt change of kinematic state, extension, and observation distribution over an extended object when a target maneuvers, a multiple model technique is represented based on an MB-track-before-detect (TBD) filter supported by SK-sub-random matrix model (RMM) or sub-ellipses framework. Simulation results demonstrate this remarkable impact. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maneuvering%20extended%20objects" title="maneuvering extended objects">maneuvering extended objects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISAR" title=" ISAR"> ISAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skewed%20normal%20distribution" title=" skewed normal distribution"> skewed normal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-RMM" title=" sub-RMM"> sub-RMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JM-MB-TBD%20filter" title=" JM-MB-TBD filter"> JM-MB-TBD filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178767/isar-imaging-and-tracking-algorithm-for-maneuvering-non-ellipsoidal-extended-objects-using-jump-markov-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7553</span> Quantile Smoothing Splines: Application on Productivity of Enterprises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Semra%20Turkan">Semra Turkan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have examined the factors that affect the productivity of Turkey’s Top 500 Industrial Enterprises in 2014. The labor productivity of enterprises is taken as an indicator of productivity of industrial enterprises. When the relationships between some financial ratios and labor productivity, it is seen that there is a nonparametric relationship between labor productivity and return on sales. In addition, the distribution of labor productivity of enterprises is right-skewed. If the dependent distribution is skewed, the quantile regression is more suitable for this data. Hence, the nonparametric relationship between labor productivity and return on sales by quantile smoothing splines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantile%20regression" title="quantile regression">quantile regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoothing%20spline" title=" smoothing spline"> smoothing spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20productivity" title=" labor productivity"> labor productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20ratios" title=" financial ratios"> financial ratios</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60552/quantile-smoothing-splines-application-on-productivity-of-enterprises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7552</span> X̄ and S Control Charts based on Weighted Standard Deviation Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derya%20Karag%C3%B6z">Derya Karagöz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Shewhart chart based on normality assumption is not appropriate for skewed distributions since its Type-I error rate is inflated. This study presents X̄ and S control charts for monitoring the process variability for skewed distributions. We propose Weighted Standard Deviation (WSD) X̄ and S control charts. Standard deviation estimator is applied to monitor the process variability for estimating the process standard deviation, in the case of the W SD X̄ and S control charts as this estimator is simple and easy to compute. Unlike the Shewhart control chart, the proposed charts provide asymmetric limits in accordance with the direction and degree of skewness to construct the upper and lower limits. The performances of the proposed charts are compared with other heuristic charts for skewed distributions by using Simulation study. The Simulation studies show that the proposed control charts have good properties for skewed distributions and large sample sizes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20standard%20deviation" title="weighted standard deviation">weighted standard deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAD" title=" MAD"> MAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skewed%20distributions" title=" skewed distributions"> skewed distributions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%20control%20charts" title=" S control charts"> S control charts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45730/x-and-s-control-charts-based-on-weighted-standard-deviation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7551</span> An Empirical Study of the Best Fitting Probability Distributions for Stock Returns Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayanta%20Pokharel">Jayanta Pokharel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokarna%20Aryal"> Gokarna Aryal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Netra%20Kanaal"> Netra Kanaal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Tsokos"> Chris Tsokos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investment in stocks and shares aims to seek potential gains while weighing the risk of future needs, such as retirement, children's education etc. Analysis of the behavior of the stock market returns and making prediction is important for investors to mitigate risk on investment. Historically, the normal variance models have been used to describe the behavior of stock market returns. However, the returns of the financial assets are actually skewed with higher kurtosis, heavier tails, and a higher center than the normal distribution. The Laplace distribution and its family are natural candidates for modeling stock returns. The Variance-Gamma (VG) distribution is the most sought-after distributions for modeling asset returns and has been extensively discussed in financial literatures. In this paper, it explore the other Laplace family, such as Asymmetric Laplace, Skewed Laplace, Kumaraswamy Laplace (KS) together with Variance-Gamma to model the weekly returns of the S&P 500 Index and it's eleven business sector indices. The method of maximum likelihood is employed to estimate the parameters of the distributions and our empirical inquiry shows that the Kumaraswamy Laplace distribution performs much better for stock returns modeling among the choice of distributions used in this study and in practice, KS can be used as a strong alternative to VG distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20returns" title="stock returns">stock returns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variance-gamma" title=" variance-gamma"> variance-gamma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kumaraswamy%20laplace" title=" kumaraswamy laplace"> kumaraswamy laplace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood" title=" maximum likelihood"> maximum likelihood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174545/an-empirical-study-of-the-best-fitting-probability-distributions-for-stock-returns-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7550</span> Structural Breaks, Asymmetric Effects and Long Memory in the Volatility of Turkey Stock Market </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serpil%20T%C3%BCrky%C4%B1lmaz">Serpil Türkyılmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesut%20Bal%C4%B1bey"> Mesut Balıbey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, long memory properties in volatility of Turkey Stock Market are being examined through the FIGARCH, FIEGARCH and FIAPARCH models under different distribution assumptions as normal and skewed student-t distributions. Furthermore, structural changes in volatility of Turkey Stock Market are investigated. The results display long memory property and the presence of asymmetric effects of shocks in volatility of Turkey Stock Market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FIAPARCH%20model" title="FIAPARCH model">FIAPARCH model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FIEGARCH%20model" title=" FIEGARCH model"> FIEGARCH model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FIGARCH%20model" title=" FIGARCH model"> FIGARCH model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20break" title=" structural break"> structural break</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14438/structural-breaks-asymmetric-effects-and-long-memory-in-the-volatility-of-turkey-stock-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7549</span> The Extended Skew Gaussian Process for Regression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Alodat">M. T. Alodat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a generalization to the Gaussian process regression(GPR) model called the extended skew Gaussian process for regression(ESGPr) model. The ESGPR model works better than the GPR model when the errors are skewed. We derive the predictive distribution for the ESGPR model at a new input. Also we apply the ESGPR model to FOREX data and we find that it fits the Forex data better than the GPR model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20skew%20normal%20distribution" title="extended skew normal distribution">extended skew normal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaussian%20process%20for%20regression" title=" Gaussian process for regression"> Gaussian process for regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20distribution" title=" predictive distribution"> predictive distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESGPr%20model" title=" ESGPr model"> ESGPr model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2233/the-extended-skew-gaussian-process-for-regression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7548</span> Existence of Systemic Risk in Turkish Banking Sector: An Evidence from Return Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0lhami%20Karahanoglu">İlhami Karahanoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oguz%20Ceylan"> Oguz Ceylan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As its well-known definitions; systemic risk refers to whole economic system down-turn movement even collapse together in very severe cases. In fact, it points out the contagion effects of the defaults. Such a risk is can be depicted with the famous Chinese game of falling domino stones. During and after the Bear & Sterns and Lehman Brothers cases, it was well understood that there is a very strong effect of systemic risk in financial services sector. In this study, we concentrate on the existence of systemic risk in Turkish Banking Sector based upon the Halkbank Case during the end month of 2013; there was a political turmoil in Turkey in which the close relatives of the upper politicians were involved in illegal trading activities. In that operation, the CEO of Halkbank was also arrested and in investigation, Halkbank was considered as part of such illegal actions. That operation had an impact on Halkbanks stock value. The Halkbank stock value during that time interval decreased remarkably, the distributional profile of stock return changed and became more volatile as well as more skewed. In this study, the daily returns of 5 leading banks in Turkish banking sector were used to obtain 48 return distributions (for each month, 90-days-back stock value returns are used) of 5 banks for the period 12/2011-12/2013 (pre operation period) and 12/2013-12/2015 (post operation period). When those distributions are compared with timely manner, interestingly; the distribution of the 5 other leading banks in Turkey, public or private, had also distribution profiles which was different from the past 2011-2013 period just like Halkbank. Those 5 big banks, whose stock values are monitored with sub index in Istanbul stock exchange (BIST) as BN10, had more skewed distribution just following the Halkbank stock return movement during the post operation period, with lover mean value and as well higher volatility. In addition, the correlation between the stock value return distributions of the leading banks after Halkbank case, where the returns are more skewed to the left, increased (which is measured in monthly base before and after the operation). The dependence between those banks was stronger under the case where the stock values were falling compared with the normal market condition. Such distributional effect of stock returns between the leading banks in Turkey, which is valid for down sub-market (financial/banking sector) condition, can be evaluated as an evidence for the existence of contagious effect and systemic risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20risk" title="financial risk">financial risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20risk" title=" systemic risk"> systemic risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20sector" title=" banking sector"> banking sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return%20distribution" title=" return distribution"> return distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dependency%20structure" title=" dependency structure"> dependency structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40231/existence-of-systemic-risk-in-turkish-banking-sector-an-evidence-from-return-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7547</span> The Functions of the Student Voice and Student-Centred Teaching Practices in Classroom-Based Music Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Douklia">Sofia Douklia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present context paper aims to present the important role of ‘student voice’ and the music teacher in the classroom, which contributes to more student-centered music education. The aim is to focus on the functions of the student voice through the music spectrum, which has been born in the music classroom, and the teacher’s methodologies and techniques used in the music classroom. The music curriculum, the principles of student-centered music education, and the role of students and teachers as music ambassadors have been considered the major music parameters of student voice. The student- voice is a worth-mentioning aspect of a student-centered education, and all teachers should consider and promote its existence in their classroom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%27s%20voice" title="student's voice">student's voice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student-centered%20education" title=" student-centered education"> student-centered education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20ambassadors" title=" music ambassadors"> music ambassadors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20teachers" title=" music teachers"> music teachers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155423/the-functions-of-the-student-voice-and-student-centred-teaching-practices-in-classroom-based-music-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7546</span> A Study of Student Affairs Services across Baghdad Universities: Exploring Best Practices and Impact on Student Success</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelena%20Zivkovic">Jelena Zivkovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidar%20Mohammed"> Haidar Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaf%20Saeed"> Elaf Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Student affairs services play a critical role in contributing to the wholistic development and success of students as they progress through their academic careers. The study encompasses a multifaceted examination of student affairs service offerings amongst 10 private and 3 public Baghdad universities. Student affairs administrators (13) were surveyed along with over 300 students to determine university-sponsored services and student satisfaction and awareness. The student affairs service research findings varied significantly between private and public institutions and those that followed a national and international curriculum. Universities need to persist to adapt to changing demographics and technological advancements to enhance students' personal and academic successes, and student affairs services are key to preparing graduates to thrive in a diverse global world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20affairs" title="student affairs">student affairs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20success" title=" student success"> student success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraq" title=" Iraq"> Iraq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universities" title=" universities"> universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baghdad" title=" Baghdad"> Baghdad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171125/a-study-of-student-affairs-services-across-baghdad-universities-exploring-best-practices-and-impact-on-student-success" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7545</span> Student-Athletes Self-Concept, GPA and Training in the Climate of Social Networking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indhumathi%20Gopal">Indhumathi Gopal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashley%20Johnson"> Ashley Johnson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social media use for communication among college student-athletes is growing. There is little research on student-athletes use of Blogs, one of the online communication tool outlets. Twenty-seven student-athletes, aged 18-24 years completed a student perception questionnaire which assessed demographics, the effect of blogging on college student-athletes self-concept, the correlation of age, GPA and blogging as well as the training students received in the use of social media. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations were analyzed examined. Results indicated a significant correlation between use of Blogs and student age (p < .01) and student GPA earned (p < .01). With respect to self-concept, results suggest that blogging could be a useful tool for communication but can present challenges, could affect student self-esteem either, positively or negatively. The training student-athletes received in the use of social media was not adequate. College athletes’ can more easily divulge information about their personal lives and opinions on social media and challenge the athletic programs and their own future. The findings of the study suggest implications for student-athletes to be better prepared for the current media climate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college%20student-athletes" title="college student-athletes">college student-athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-concept" title=" self-concept"> self-concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=use%20of%20social%20media%20training" title=" use of social media training"> use of social media training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networking" title=" social networking"> social networking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34537/student-athletes-self-concept-gpa-and-training-in-the-climate-of-social-networking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7544</span> Regional Disparities in Microfinance Distribution: Evidence from Indian States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Sangwan">Sunil Sangwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Chandra%20Nayak"> Narayan Chandra Nayak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last few decades, Indian banking system has achieved remarkable growth in its credit volume. However, one of the most disturbing facts about this growth is the uneven distribution of financial services across regions. Having witnessed limited success from all the earlier efforts towards financial inclusion targeting the rural poor and the underprivileged, provision of microfinance, of late, has emerged as a supplementary mechanism. There are two prominent modes of microfinance distribution in India namely Bank-SHG linkage (SBLP) and private Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). Ironically, such efforts also seem to have failed to achieve the desired targets as the microfinance services have witnessed skewed distribution across the states of the country. This study attempts to make a comparative analysis of the geographical skew of the SBLP and MFI in India and examine the factors influencing their regional distribution. The results indicate that microfinance services are largely concentrated in the southern region, accounting for about 50% of all microfinance clients and 49% of all microfinance loan portfolios. This is distantly followed by an eastern region where client outreach is close to 25% only. The north-eastern, northern, central, and western regions lag far behind in microfinance sectors, accounting for only 4%, 4%, 10%, and 7 % client outreach respectively. The penetration of SHGs is equally skewed, with the southern region accounting for 46% of client outreach and 70% of loan portfolios followed by an eastern region with 21% of client outreach and 13% of the loan portfolio. Contrarily, north-eastern, northern, central, western and eastern regions account for 5%, 5%, 10%, and 13% of client outreach and 3%, 3%, 7%, and 4% of loan portfolios respectively. The study examines the impact of literacy rate, rural poverty, population density, primary sector share, non-farm activities, loan default behavior and bank penetration on the microfinance penetration. The study is limited to 17 major states of the country over the period 2008-2014. The results of the GMM estimation indicate the significant positive impact of literacy rate, non-farm activities and population density on microfinance penetration across the states, while the rise in loan default seems to deter it. Rural poverty shows the significant negative impact on the spread of SBLP, while it has a positive impact on MFI penetration, hence indicating the policy of exclusion being adhered to by the formal financial system especially towards the poor. However, MFIs seem to be working as substitute mechanisms to banks to fill the gap. The findings of the study are a pointer towards enhancing financial literacy, non-farm activities, rural bank penetration and containing loan default for achieving greater microfinance prevalence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank%20penetration" title="bank penetration">bank penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literacy%20rate" title=" literacy rate"> literacy rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfinance" title=" microfinance"> microfinance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20sector%20share" title=" primary sector share"> primary sector share</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20non-farm%20activities" title=" rural non-farm activities"> rural non-farm activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20poverty" title=" rural poverty"> rural poverty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54387/regional-disparities-in-microfinance-distribution-evidence-from-indian-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7543</span> A Qualitative Student-Perspective Study of Student-Centered Learning Practices in the Context of Irish Teacher Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pauline%20Logue">Pauline Logue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, the Irish Department of Education and Skills has pro-actively promoted student-center learning methodologies. Similarly, the National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning has advocated such strategies, aligning them with student success. These developments have informed the author’s professional practice as a teacher educator. This qualitative student-perspective study focuses on a review of one pilot initiative in the academic year 2020-2021, namely, the implementation of universal design for learning strategies within teacher education, employing student-centered learning strategies. Findings included: that student-centered strategies enhanced student performance and success overall, with some minor evidence of student resistance. It was concluded that a dialogical review with student teachers on prior learning experiences (from intellectual and affective perspectives) and learning environments (physical, virtual, and emotional) could facilitate greater student ownership of learning. It is recommended to more formally structure such a dialogical review in a future delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20practice" title="professional practice">professional practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student-centered%20learning" title=" student-centered learning"> student-centered learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education" title=" teacher education"> teacher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20design%20for%20learning" title=" universal design for learning"> universal design for learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141446/a-qualitative-student-perspective-study-of-student-centered-learning-practices-in-the-context-of-irish-teacher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7542</span> Increasing Student Engagement in Online Educational Leadership Courses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Deschaine">Mark Deschaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Whale"> David Whale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Utilization of online instruction continues to increase at universities, placing more emphasis on the exploration of issues related to adult graduate student engagement. This reflective case study reviews non-traditional student engagement in online courses. The goals of the study are to enhance student focus, attention and interaction. Findings suggest that interactivity seemed to be a key in keeping students involved and achieving, with specific activities routinely favored by students. It is recommended that time spent engaging students is worthwhile and results in greater course satisfaction and academic effort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20learning" title="online learning">online learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20achievement" title=" student achievement"> student achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20engagement" title=" student engagement"> student engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67208/increasing-student-engagement-in-online-educational-leadership-courses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7541</span> Marginalized Two-Part Joint Models for Generalized Gamma Family of Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohadeseh%20Shojaei%20Shahrokhabadi">Mohadeseh Shojaei Shahrokhabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ding-Geng%20%28Din%29%20Chen"> Ding-Geng (Din) Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Positive continuous outcomes with a substantial number of zero values and incomplete longitudinal follow-up are quite common in medical cost data. To jointly model semi-continuous longitudinal cost data and survival data and to provide marginalized covariate effect estimates, a marginalized two-part joint model (MTJM) has been developed for outcome variables with lognormal distributions. In this paper, we propose MTJM models for outcome variables from a generalized gamma (GG) family of distributions. The GG distribution constitutes a general family that includes approximately all of the most frequently used distributions like the Gamma, Exponential, Weibull, and Log Normal. In the proposed MTJM-GG model, the conditional mean from a conventional two-part model with a three-parameter GG distribution is parameterized to provide the marginal interpretation for regression coefficients. In addition, MTJM-gamma and MTJM-Weibull are developed as special cases of MTJM-GG. To illustrate the applicability of the MTJM-GG, we applied the model to a set of real electronic health record data recently collected in Iran, and we provided SAS code for application. The simulation results showed that when the outcome distribution is unknown or misspecified, which is usually the case in real data sets, the MTJM-GG consistently outperforms other models. The GG family of distribution facilitates estimating a model with improved fit over the MTJM-gamma, standard Weibull, or Log-Normal distributions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginalized%20two-part%20model" title="marginalized two-part model">marginalized two-part model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-inflated" title=" zero-inflated"> zero-inflated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right-skewed" title=" right-skewed"> right-skewed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-continuous" title=" semi-continuous"> semi-continuous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20gamma" title=" generalized gamma"> generalized gamma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140917/marginalized-two-part-joint-models-for-generalized-gamma-family-of-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7540</span> RFID Based Student Attendance System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aniket%20Tiwari">Aniket Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameya%20London"> Ameya London</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Web-based student attendance management system is required to assist the faculty and the lecturer for the time-consuming process. For this purpose, GSM/GPRS (Global System for Mobile Communication/General Packet Radio Service) based student’s attendance management system using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a much convenient method to take the attendance. Student is provided with the RFID tags. When student comes near to the reader, it will sense the respective student and update attendance. The whole process is controlled using the microcontroller. The main advantage of this system is that it reduced the complexity comparison to student attendance system using RF technology. This system requires only one microcontroller for the operation, it is real time process. This paper reviews some of these monitoring systems and proposes a GPRS based student attendance system. The system can be easily accessed by the lecturers via the web and most importantly, the reports can be generated in real-time processing, thus, provides valuable information about the students’ commitments in attending the classes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID%20reader" title="RFID reader">RFID reader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID%20tags" title=" RFID tags"> RFID tags</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student" title=" student"> student</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attendance" title=" attendance"> attendance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16081/rfid-based-student-attendance-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7539</span> Student Learning and Motivation in an Interculturally Inclusive Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20H.%20Westover">Jonathan H. Westover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacque%20P.%20Westover"> Jacque P. Westover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maureen%20S.%20Andrade"> Maureen S. Andrade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Though learning theories vary in complexity and usefulness, a thorough understanding of foundational learning theories is a necessity in today’s educational environment. Additionally, learning theories lead to approaches in instruction that can affect student motivation and learning. The combination of a learning theory and elements to enhance student motivation can create a learning context where the student can thrive in their educational pursuits. This paper will provide an overview of three main learning theories: (1) Behavioral Theory, (2) Cognitive Theory, and (3) Constructivist Theory and explore their connection to elements of student learning motivation. Finally, we apply these learning theories and elements of student motivation to the following two context: (1) The FastStart Program at the Community College of Denver, and (2) An Online Academic English Language Course. We discussed potential of the program and course to have success in increasing student success outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20theory" title="learning theory">learning theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20motivation" title=" student motivation"> student motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20pedagogy" title=" inclusive pedagogy"> inclusive pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20education" title=" developmental education"> developmental education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145152/student-learning-and-motivation-in-an-interculturally-inclusive-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7538</span> Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Drone Flight Behavior Revealed by Radio Frequency Identification: Short Trips That May Help Drones Survey Weather Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivian%20Wu">Vivian Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the mating season, honeybee drones make mating fights to congregation areas where they face fierce competition to mate with a queen. Drones have developed distinct anatomical and functional features in order to optimize their chances of success. Flight activities of western honeybee (Apis mellifera) drones and foragers were monitored using radio frequency identification (RFID) to test if drones have also developed distinct flight behaviors. Drone flight durations showed a bimodal distribution dividing the flights into short flights and long flights while forager flight durations showed a left-skewed unimodal distribution. Interestingly, the short trips occurred prior to the long trips on a daily basis. The first trips of the day the drones made were primarily short trips, and the distribution significantly shifted to long trips as the drones made more trips. In contrast, forager trips showed no such shift of distribution. In addition, drones made short trips but no long mating trips on days associated with a significant drop in temperature and increase of clouds compared to the previous day. These findings suggest that drones may have developed a unique flight behavior making short trips first to survey the weather conditions before flying out to the congregation area to pursue a successful mating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apis%20mellifera" title="apis mellifera">apis mellifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drone" title=" drone"> drone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flight%20behavior" title=" flight behavior"> flight behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather" title=" weather"> weather</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID" title=" RFID"> RFID</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156427/honey-bee-apis-mellifera-drone-flight-behavior-revealed-by-radio-frequency-identification-short-trips-that-may-help-drones-survey-weather-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7537</span> Co-Movement between Financial Assets: An Empirical Study on Effects of the Depreciation of Yen on Asia Markets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yih-Wenn%20Laih">Yih-Wenn Laih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent times, the dependence and co-movement among international financial markets have become stronger than in the past, as evidenced by commentaries in the news media and the financial sections of newspapers. Studying the co-movement between returns in financial markets is an important issue for portfolio management and risk management. The realization of co-movement helps investors to identify the opportunities for international portfolio management in terms of asset allocation and pricing. Since the election of the new Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, in November 2012, the yen has weakened against the US dollar from the 80 to the 120 level. The policies, known as “Abenomics,” are to encourage private investment through a more aggressive mix of monetary and fiscal policy. Given the close economic relations and competitions among Asia markets, it is interesting to discover the co-movement relations, affected by the depreciation of yen, between stock market of Japan and 5 major Asia stock markets, including China, Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. Specifically, we devote ourselves to measure the co-movement of stock markets between Japan and each one of the 5 Asia stock markets in terms of rank correlation coefficients. To compute the coefficients, return series of each stock market is first fitted by a skewed-t GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity) model. Secondly, to measure the dependence structure between matched stock markets, we employ the symmetrized Joe-Clayton (SJC) copula to calculate the probability density function of paired skewed-t distributions. The joint probability density function is then utilized as the scoring scheme to optimize the sequence alignment by dynamic programming method. Finally, we compute the rank correlation coefficients (Kendall's  and Spearman's ) between matched stock markets based on their aligned sequences. We collect empirical data of 6 stock indexes from Taiwan Economic Journal. The data is sampled at a daily frequency covering the period from January 1, 2013 to July 31, 2015. The empirical distributions of returns indicate fatter tails than the normal distribution. Therefore, the skewed-t distribution and SJC copula are appropriate for characterizing the data. According to the computed Kendall’s τ, Korea has the strongest co-movement relation with Japan, followed by Taiwan, China, and Singapore; the weakest is Hong Kong. On the other hand, the Spearman’s ρ reveals that the strength of co-movement between markets with Japan in decreasing order are Korea, China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. We explore the effects of “Abenomics” on Asia stock markets by measuring the co-movement relation between Japan and five major Asia stock markets in terms of rank correlation coefficients. The matched markets are aligned by a hybrid method consisting of GARCH, copula and sequence alignment. Empirical experiments indicate that Korea has the strongest co-movement relation with Japan. The strength of China and Taiwan are better than Singapore. The Hong Kong market has the weakest co-movement relation with Japan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-movement" title="co-movement">co-movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depreciation%20of%20Yen" title=" depreciation of Yen"> depreciation of Yen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rank%20correlation" title=" rank correlation"> rank correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20market" title=" stock market"> stock market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43411/co-movement-between-financial-assets-an-empirical-study-on-effects-of-the-depreciation-of-yen-on-asia-markets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7536</span> Theoretical Aspects and Practical Approach in the Research of the Human Capital of Student Volunteer Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalinina%20Anatasiia">Kalinina Anatasiia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pevnaya%20Mariya"> Pevnaya Mariya </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article concerns theoretical basis in the research of student volunteering, identifies references of student volunteering as a social community, classifies human capital indicators of student volunteers. Also there are presented the results of research of 450 student volunteers in Russia concerning the correlation between international volunteering and indicators of human capital of youth. Findings include compared characteristics of human capital of “potential” and “real” international student volunteers. Factor analysis revealed two categories of active students categories of active students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title="human capital">human capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20volunteering" title=" international volunteering"> international volunteering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20volunteering" title=" student volunteering"> student volunteering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20community" title=" social community"> social community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20volunteering" title=" youth volunteering"> youth volunteering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20politics" title=" youth politics"> youth politics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34088/theoretical-aspects-and-practical-approach-in-the-research-of-the-human-capital-of-student-volunteer-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7535</span> A Proposed Mechanism for Skewing Symmetric Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Alodat">M. T. Alodat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a mechanism for skewing any symmetric distribution. The new distribution is called the deflation-inflation distribution (DID). We discuss some statistical properties of the DID such moments, stochastic representation, log-concavity. Also we fit the distribution to real data and we compare it to normal distribution and Azzlaini's skew normal distribution. Numerical results show that the DID fits the the tree ring data better than the other two distributions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20distribution" title="normal distribution">normal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moments" title=" moments"> moments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fisher%20information" title=" Fisher information"> Fisher information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric%20distributions" title=" symmetric distributions"> symmetric distributions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28593/a-proposed-mechanism-for-skewing-symmetric-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">658</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7534</span> Random Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Superfine Animal Fibres</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepehr%20Moradi">Sepehr Moradi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The physical and mechanical property parameters, inter-relation of key dimensional and distribution profile of raw Australia Superfine Merino Wool (ASFW) and Inner Mongolia Cashmere (IMC) fibres have been studied. The relationship between the properties of these fibres is assessed using fit transformation functions obtained through correlation coefficient analysis. ASFW and IMC fibre properties are found to be both positively skewed and asymmetric in nature. Whilst fibre diameter varies along its length and both ends have a tapering shape. The basic physical features, namely linear density, true local diameter, true length and breaking load are positively correlated while their tenacity is negatively correlated. The tenacity and true length follow a second order polynomial while the true local diameter is linearly correlated. Assessment of the diameter and length is sufficient to estimate the evaluation of quality for commercial grade ASFW and IMC fibres. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australia%20Superfine%20Merino%20Wool%20fibre" title="Australia Superfine Merino Wool fibre">Australia Superfine Merino Wool fibre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inner%20Mongolia%20Cashmere%20fibre" title=" Inner Mongolia Cashmere fibre"> Inner Mongolia Cashmere fibre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20profile" title=" distribution profile"> distribution profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title=" physical properties"> physical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82556/random-analysis-of-physical-and-mechanical-characteristics-of-superfine-animal-fibres" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7533</span> Active Learning: Increase Learning through Engagement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihan%20Albayati">Jihan Albayati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Abdullah"> Kim Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This poster focuses on the significance of active learning strategies and their usage in the ESL classroom. Active learning is a big shift from traditional lecturing to active student engagement which can enhance and enrich student learning; therefore, engaging students is the core of this approach. Students learn more when they participate in the process of learning such as discussions, debates, analysis, synthesis, or any form of activity that requires student involvement. In order to achieve active learning, teachers can use different instructional strategies that are conducive to learning and the selection of these strategies depends on student learning outcomes. Active learning techniques must be carefully designed and integrated into the classroom to increase critical thinking and student participation. This poster provides a concise definition of active learning and its importance, instructional strategies, active learning techniques and their impact on student engagement. Also, it demonstrates the differences between passive and active learners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20learning" title="active learning">active learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learner%20engagement" title=" learner engagement"> learner engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student-centered" title=" student-centered"> student-centered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20strategies" title=" teaching strategies"> teaching strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65881/active-learning-increase-learning-through-engagement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7532</span> Student Debt Loans and Labor Market Outcomes: A Lesson in Unintended Consequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Ki%20Choi">Sun-Ki Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The U.S. student loan policy was initiated to improve the equality of educational opportunity and help low-income families to provide higher education opportunities for their children. However, with the increase in the average student loan amount, college graduates with student loans experience problems and restrictions in their early-career choices. This study examines the early career labor market choices of college graduates who obtained student loans to finance their higher education. In this study, National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG) data for 2017 and 2019 was used to estimate the effects of student loans on the employment status and current job wages of graduates with student loans. In the analysis, two groups of workers, those with student loans and those without loans, were compared. Using basic models and Mahalanobis distance matching, it was found that graduates who rely on student loans to finance their education are more likely to participate in the labor market than those who do not. Moreover, in entry-level jobs, graduates with student loans receive lower salaries than those without student loans. College graduates make job-related decisions based on their current and future wages and fringe benefits. Graduates with student loans tend to demonstrate risk-averse behaviors due to their financial restrictions. Thus, student loan debt creates inequity in the early-career labor market for college graduates. Furthermore, this study has implications for policymakers and researchers in terms of the student loan policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20loan" title="student loan">student loan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wage%20differential" title=" wage differential"> wage differential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unintended%20consequences" title=" unintended consequences"> unintended consequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mahalanobis%20distance%20matching" title=" mahalanobis distance matching"> mahalanobis distance matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147854/student-debt-loans-and-labor-market-outcomes-a-lesson-in-unintended-consequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn 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