CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134fe51aae69fd4',cH: 'pXS3N.xwShDn90oiBSu.KYTY.8Vi8kj4ww1K3ltjSAA-1739787087-1.2.1.1-DvagMg2idvPKH8Pym69neaWKdvA9.3GlsxSANgo96BHWsW2fs2ISojAXfRK1ICsg',cUPMDTk: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/375\/10608?__cf_chl_tk=JuDJZAooFdx9Af.LaVbh1ubc5dNjdZlWwVBjz5QW.38-1739787087-1.0.1.1-BgmfjKo1jiVHs8k2tVroVNwRNLU7LWlHOW_TWynLlJo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787087',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/375\/10608?__cf_chl_f_tk=JuDJZAooFdx9Af.LaVbh1ubc5dNjdZlWwVBjz5QW.38-1739787087-1.0.1.1-BgmfjKo1jiVHs8k2tVroVNwRNLU7LWlHOW_TWynLlJo",md: "zFgnUdRZyhtME2v7wU7rRPFqDg5mI2wYiZcnfaVgQbo-1739787087-1.2.1.1-oAr8npclR3NJ02PloZoMjN36ztGJF8xfHm1uLH3F7GaT9KvE1eqrQsniyT4TRoCOyP3Sm01RPf3Q7VnzUvYLbJzUplwLa5IFKpznzf8JclHqNaSp7HUa_nrhiMa.ZL25tiyCE5hR46sA_DPd3oggccEVfxkfhgZtxVK2VumWA8Rz3Ura6vihEeMGTFKIAU1_DrjafCU3g033VCwJON_wKye4vY2j0miAx26WQKOKosHi50bVS7lM2iWpAbOG2B4ylmKHuJUKJ0DVz9UAw4s7SvTT5TDPRHRnzO84ZkqObVDDQmX5JYK_3juIrh0cRoQOnZGhIe27Xrpj.3sguVb0uTgO0eIzpSdSMvYpfj4o5oqO7.LxVgz0ktQhK9A5uissl34oeTYX5dT4RF1JDBxWGtYknPOakB0AU9iCzmuePzYtJgaC0RCSL_U2l2mK69bs0VESKHUewK9qbM4mHOTsq_M3vDLN3nxI4S.P7sFm5LCrM6DVn3MJrYeebXOEXX5p4uQhhn6AGCdfu2dxurTRc2DRYy8h5V3XCF0KqaKxbuvOVn6w175ZNHzqteYTJWQ3pF2VlViVhh4XFVsTgrPhl3w1XVAobc0dowxfOfesaEsxG0YIDSvZAiuqdCx9n1gKgaspqCPtXwCzjD2at2iFeLSJeWdeJ81VsR06mEoasLted5JVvZJ5Dldwv.q29ZtVFzofCMIT68d7fJe4nBlZBkk302PlwjoCP1CgwkMBkVdDnEG4BRFasLjWw_6mSvZCi.mggnQLNAFOaFBPujetLY7UkkosrIYn5B0wujjwINoHQmFIdSDPYeDI4Xjo2lGpdWLAhwGUBG4iNGuDfA4.pxOenXjhXyB0Slx0GA0HmgEqG4y87WfEFvwUZ.g38F6tS41mEhpz5BUkuSyNDR.zblmPSqb96NyPBMUfUD0.2sGDr15S1gJqWKdLerGJZ0rO4.XBdR8.s8sHEI2rhMbBmAnaoIbB6Ox7UxtoVuarZSdpf_CsjzpDWgW19e8YoqQTRB3ZRMPN5ba8z63GEM7ohmSIaDaNxlDbyP6xqVO947cOtjtMLY.CRbvtOUGdlPcyMojBRCZg37TueyHxCl6qTct92_9ZkU6MtriNNS1o.pQr33QBeN4qJQ72wBWVDiG1O045zx90AG00gdqLSjuKcpbqG5Dk0dn0p3VvaIyhpA_90k1wzoB7_M5FViPjL412y5RU1sQux8CsHOZdSc8DEBQ_Lea_8PETIGM4tAopbjYHQQK8URo_Kt82IasRpDQbVJ2z.qLOLPKPin2PzT9RmmHQ1hKdvBk_UNuoechGko396f7Cx.BAqLsz8aEYD7_CLOC6K9sxq6_KiaJ.IPxvYvDbTZV2R3cwQEJZ9mTVf9jbnQA0NazrAgxZ6qBqme.ktkyxC48uNaWu.c0u6p.6xe6MVpf_VvwlaT8vKuSo4Hx5dKe4EFwnn71sjBPNRwIw.HtIvO3xOU1Seperx041xt3INima6FsRgOo7G4H4aHJ.PoEIwyrSwxyQaWzeWul_.lh32GiG_NAAzcrrFOrnFKeSgYOsx_.6jPipTznhX_Mp0MgTFMzrokQNmG9.asEeKfGrkAd0hcU7lNoz4wcb143.e4SBj79LvBudBl8.eS2dwocGQ9i_Q.bqYZvcfZp0.HpqlW3fnOV8COvLwzf2xEZHhtyxqJzNWqfboiW.qT6JZyTZAvkfkCQc4qvVHQpPs3MuYATSfY2yBOmaSfZX9YgtO2SJXgPSjFbSd5OUwIL_yuKJ4k2ninLjNKMgkjlBxwS1nR5s7bGQtC1TgHGIxm09EBbID1rkY0lESUb_t5nViguTBK1NAQtqu6Xt8ENJOjzS.RZAGoBRrVYMXjgPElvicULwSwINpTGwppfCBv_8oy_sw70DqhsZ.LLLwXYN2d8P2VWZ15SPr8RTYfqzePLbu2lfjfUB2fpg.BYqUYA",mdrd: "EWCARimAh4uUtFauYUb5GJ4.wbHRlk_LFRMNyUgVuZE-1739787087-1.2.1.1-HlRSZ6qDGGErXGaAxOg.vuuV322DZc5PPk9tTNoJe73uQi4gUTD9h4f8d.pl0C4fUwWfSgdpT6TuFBpnFZFsjaAEMFPDd1Oj2ry0AMGQYxR_Dm7c6S2A22R4OqcgHlMUIYfvGIvm65zh70C1uBIrhUgceyL9J.2i3L3oEM.FcnUj.x3Rg8CLGoei9_RHiW5pZIbOKMuX_M.CYAzDOuXapugPgFaSsSoHGTZ0VZhbtxO8dcptg7nc6vboNwkrpKSp4PH7SevqHauY2hap8BXKU89FMGRae7Cls6IMwlQUbzqejyk04mO_nUYFXmFaUQc7FGoS4bumXKaT.BrUwK7MssvXcZ.Bq.8Jd5cs7jJZuqYlw7Z5Id04jTIx0_Z7zIUhrrOgOEi8iKd3mZ92nmZ_Cjyfxd1FtZVLV9po8HFNsOh7cNEA.4YxBys3zQcP7TQD25agRIlXqByB5gkj2roCIb2msLJBkDG73c.BmMWnKLu194GTm14eOchbxQNajICg7FXRfq.UxNgQQiXzqatL7RPMFBSrLPFgr6BwE_ZBNlg3YGMZIAZZaqCi9RukCWWH1klNcNwMiyAl_jIhCwdL3eZBzRzHWtwKGr6wGUXtw6zg3KsPC_Crtfj5CjGx_V1vxWguI4WUUUq6gZ81f9k5f_zs2DAyD9UCsliO6sATfaQ7wLYEXaF.7w8OoxZDilbGqoLR15HetmQpaLWNWrkIB67e8qVniAKIQE.7rmbKkPm.GKR1PD4dsJiPhkeMKcG6yCBR81y5X8NhMQ2N5mzQYgdFQ7Z.xEOhToAcVH6qm0nk81G2hWOKmPpLIq2FqIUe42gdcr9brWi8T1VodnBl2xnZQm1dUqfJ_V8.Qrtb451RhFMEK8vjuLxY.T.jsVD4NWwQgBSGAAjfLlXokidF7.4mxGT9YI5JlhaPT_hIa_K1X2QAtcGoY54qLbj5UkIwXtQk65X6oPz8UTgu9jVJOKuq17jFPTNgVA9gzXs_ypBKJSpkJxVl7uZ96Pl7CeTudpiEHyR8k0OA46eYBTslQ6jx2pG.U31OGBlvO9nFZ_fjueSSUr2zzJIoMTDl3QsMPn9o6n4u.pZbbnD5.plXxTzBwkDcv9m7G2AMBYZbSxO1pQJhs3WD7IkrWIZIxmF2fx7WNeCE0aGie4R7HE0L7Bs4NYjixpi9TtTYmCIaHhuYoUZCY8bGqfXkxGX.KLjIq9_eUOSX1xmOZQwXlgaqYCWVpSUrK7JCT0xOEtLZQK4Ad766VKh47rqgi1cIOmVOQRJhp9201ii0XUxmZTXoaDCDf5RQ3jEBvM7ndV5qCtYD.7jG5.fUxrOXScdbu3UA79cV3_uzp5YIohXqUT_Zh1joneNHAJeJk9PzRr6ioFK4P3X93gTi_B1Eb2ZjaJdrRYH3ikoVSNYUt3vUkPc3tu4fY2pRka9TGbnIOdGmIuoumNo9Tzbg8t1uVV3G_DJlEj5gq75HVC11tqU.ZHv7EQ55OqapotNpnT7WqTgntKWh67f8MH5OHHgA_IpHZoqNdyY80W2GAZHS2k1pK5wAfzokHOvbg87sc8UugDy_Lrn9_0oZOg.vkzwypjdqRGa6lCSmMCb6Sg3C7fojGuNhlGwdzfnW3bMxBHr_2PT6n4dEeIG63yJmmvjqmkMqW.Is9z682pi1xJTM3H8PeTsSsBTtPGkKfxXcQ_FXp8mw0JtQGIg9qmJSoBYuqtMDihRWJWULlAeolE5Nst3F.mPNyxEpXe7_Ee0xh27D0QB7B6Y4m7xQJxg8NmooXSP2R4FUuuaUj9SP8VXjxAC_VQsCbZVVyHCAc9uXMFpPBA8rRIED7bPpinCm8JJUxkA35Nm2TUI_qgSjOUDTh3UTr6zS_Tzk9uq.5WgnCx0hpheINs.B47CBhRGG.8dliBD5VF5nWQh0esTlQQxr5XeeR4i_aoBMAlWsziZAY23rNnYwm7A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134fe51aae69fd4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/375\/10608?__cf_chl_rt_tk=JuDJZAooFdx9Af.LaVbh1ubc5dNjdZlWwVBjz5QW.38-1739787087-1.0.1.1-BgmfjKo1jiVHs8k2tVroVNwRNLU7LWlHOW_TWynLlJo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>