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from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" 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id="toc-Photon_interactions_with_matter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photon_interactions_with_matter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Photon interactions with matter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photon_interactions_with_matter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photons_and_the_electromagnetic_force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photons_and_the_electromagnetic_force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Photons and the electromagnetic force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photons_and_the_electromagnetic_force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Photon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 112 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="فوتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فوتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot%C3%B3n" title="Fotón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fotón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot%C3%B3n" title="Fotón – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fotón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="ফোটন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফোটন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kng-ch%C3%BA" title="Kng-chú – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kng-chú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фатон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фатон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фатон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фатон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot%C3%B3" title="Fotó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fotó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffoton" title="Ffoton – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffoton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86" title="فوطون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فوطون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footon" title="Footon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Footon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φωτόνιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωτόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot%C3%B3n" title="Fotón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fotón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotono" title="Fotono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fotono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoi" title="Fotoi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fotoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="فوتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فوتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3t%C3%B3n" title="Fótón – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fótón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot%C3%B3n" title="Fotón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fotón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%89%E0%AA%A8" title="ફોટૉન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફોટૉન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%9E%90" title="광자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ֆոտոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆոտոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="फोटॉन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फोटॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotono" title="Fotono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fotono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibane" title="Ibane – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ibane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3seind" title="Ljóseind – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ljóseind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fotone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פוטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫೋಟಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫೋಟಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფოტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფოტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پھوٹان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پھوٹان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoni" title="Fotoni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fotoni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotons" title="Fotons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fotons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotonas" title="Fotonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fotonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fut%C3%B9n" title="Futùn – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Futùn" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voankazavana" title="Voankazavana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Voankazavana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഫോട്ടോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫോട്ടോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="फोटॉन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फोटॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဖိုတွန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖိုတွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="फोटोन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फोटोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="光子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ଫୋଟନ୍‌ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଫୋଟନ୍‌" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suudifa" title="Suudifa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Suudifa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਫ਼ੋਟੌਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ੋਟੌਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%86" title="فوٹون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فوٹون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%86" title="فوټون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فوټون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuotan" title="Fuotan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Fuotan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot%C3%A3o" title="Fotão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fotão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phutun" title="Phutun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Phutun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81" title="प्रकाशाणु – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्रकाशाणु" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoni" title="Fotoni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fotoni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoni" title="Fotoni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fotoni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فوٽان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فوٽان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fot%C3%B3n" title="Fotón – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fotón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86" title="فۆتۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فۆتۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoni" title="Fotoni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fotoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="ஒளியணு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒளியணு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫోటాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫోటాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="โฟตอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โฟตอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton" title="Foton – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Foton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фотон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%86" title="فوٹون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فوٹون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodon" title="Foodon – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Foodon" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" title="Photon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Photon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="光子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="פאטאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="光子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lasers.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lasers.jpeg/200px-Lasers.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lasers.jpeg/300px-Lasers.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lasers.jpeg/400px-Lasers.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> emits photons.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Photons</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> φως, meaning <i>light</i>), in many <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Model" class="mw-disambig" title="Model">models</a> in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Particle" title="Particle">particles</a> which <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/transmit" class="extiw" title="wikt:transmit">transmit</a> <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a>. In other words, light is carried over <a href="/wiki/Space_(physics)" title="Space (physics)">space</a> by photons. Photon is an elementary particle that is its own <a href="/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle">antiparticle</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a> each photon has a characteristic quantum of energy that depends on frequency: A photon associated with light at a higher frequency will have more energy (and be associated with light at a shorter wavelength). </p><p>Photons have a <a href="/wiki/Rest_mass" title="Rest mass">rest mass</a> of 0 (zero). However, <a href="/wiki/Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein">Einstein</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">theory of relativity</a> says that they do have a certain amount of <a href="/wiki/Momentum" title="Momentum">momentum</a>. Before the photon got its name, Einstein revived the proposal that light is separate pieces of energy (particles). These particles came to be known as photons. </p><p>A photon is usually given the <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbol</a> γ (<a href="/wiki/Gamma" title="Gamma">gamma</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Properties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Properties"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Photons are <a href="/wiki/Elementary_particle" title="Elementary particle">fundamental particles</a>. Although they can be created and destroyed, their lifetime is infinite. </p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/Vacuum" title="Vacuum">vacuum</a>, all photons move at the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a>, <b>c</b>, which is equal to 299,792,458 meters (approximately 300,000 kilometers) per second. </p><p>A photon has a given frequency, which determines its color. Radio technology makes great use of frequency. Beyond the visible range, frequency is less discussed, for example it is little used in distinguishing between X-Ray photons and <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a>. Frequency is equivalent to the quantum energy of the photon, as related by the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a> equation, </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=hf}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=hf}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f39fac3593bb1e2dec0282c112c4dff7a99007f6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.492ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=hf}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}"></span> is the photon's energy, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}"></span> is the Planck constant, and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span> is the frequency of the light associated with the photon. This frequency, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span>, is typically measured in cycles per second, or equivalently, in <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a>. The quantum energy of different photons is often used in <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">cameras</a>, and other machines that use visible and higher than visible radiation. This because these photons are energetic enough to <a href="/wiki/Ionization" title="Ionization">ionize</a> atoms. </p><p>Another property of a photon is its wavelength. The frequency <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span>, <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a> , and <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}"></span> are related by the equation, </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c=f\lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mi>λ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c=f\lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/146865bdfb9bd6fce37dcc76dfa72b241f5f21d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.739ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c=f\lambda }"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }"></span> (<a href="/wiki/Lambda" title="Lambda">lambda</a>) is the wavelength, or length of the wave (typically measured in meters.) </p><p>Another important property of a photon is its <a href="/wiki/Polarity" title="Polarity">polarity</a>. If you saw a giant photon coming straight at you, it could appear as a swath whipping vertically, horizontally, or somewhere in between. Polarized sunglasses stop photons swinging up and down from passing. This is how they reduce glare as light bouncing off of surfaces tend to fly that way. <a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display" title="Liquid crystal display">Liquid crystal displays</a> also use polarity to control which light passes through. Some animals can see light <a href="/wiki/Polarization" title="Polarization">polarization</a>. </p><p>Finally, a photon has a property called <a href="/wiki/Spin_(physics)" title="Spin (physics)">spin</a>. Spin is related to light's circular <a href="/wiki/Polarization" title="Polarization">polarization</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Photon_interactions_with_matter">Photon interactions with matter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Photon interactions with matter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Photon interactions with matter"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Light is often created or absorbed when an <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> gains or loses <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a>. This energy can be in the form of <a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">heat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a>, or other form. For example, an <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Incandescent light bulb">incandescent light bulb</a> uses heat. The increase of energy can push an electron up one level in a shell called a "<a href="/wiki/Valence" class="mw-disambig" title="Valence">valence</a>". This makes it unstable, and like everything, it wants to be in the lowest energy state. (If being in the lowest energy state is confusing, pick up a pencil and drop it. Once on the ground, the pencil will be in a lower energy state). When the electron drops back down to a lower energy state, it needs to release the energy that hit it, and it must obey the <a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_energy" title="Conservation of energy">conservation of energy</a> (energy can neither be created nor destroyed). Electrons release this energy as photons, and at higher intensities, this photon can be seen as visible light. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Photons_and_the_electromagnetic_force">Photons and the electromagnetic force</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photon&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Photons and the electromagnetic force" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Photons and the electromagnetic force"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">particle physics</a>, photons are responsible for <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetic force</a>. Electromagnetism is an idea that combines electricity with magnetism. One common way that we experience electromagnetism in our daily lives is light, which is caused by electromagnetism. Electromagnetism is also responsible for <a href="/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge">charge</a>, which is the reason that you can not push your hand through a table. Since photons are the force-carrying <a href="/wiki/Particle" title="Particle">particle</a> of electromagnetism, they are also <a href="/wiki/Gauge_boson" title="Gauge boson">gauge bosons</a>. Some matter–called <a href="/wiki/Dark_matter" title="Dark matter">dark matter</a>–is not believed to be affected by electromagnetism. This would mean that dark matter does not have a charge, and does not give off light. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photon&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">Particle physics</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Particles" title="Template:Particles"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Particles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Particles (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Particles&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Particles_in_physics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">Particles in physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elementary_particle" title="Elementary particle">Elementary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">Quarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Up_quark" title="Up quark">Up (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_antiquark" title="Up antiquark">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_quark" title="Down quark">Down (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Down_antiquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Down antiquark (not yet started)">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charm_quark" title="Charm quark">Charm (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charm_antiquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charm antiquark (not yet started)">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_quark" title="Strange quark">Strange (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strange_antiquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strange antiquark (not yet started)">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_quark" title="Top quark">Top (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_antiquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top antiquark (not yet started)">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_quark" title="Bottom quark">Bottom (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bottom_antiquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bottom antiquark (not yet started)">antiquark)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">Leptons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">Positron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">Muon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">Antimuon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(particle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau (particle)">Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(particle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau (particle)">Antitau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_neutrino" title="Electron neutrino">Electron neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrinos" title="Neutrino">Electron antineutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muon_neutrino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muon neutrino (not yet started)">Muon neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrinos" title="Neutrino">Muon antineutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_neutrino" title="Tau neutrino">Tau neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrinos" title="Neutrino">Tau antineutrino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">Bosons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Gauge_boson" title="Gauge boson">Gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Photon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons" title="W and Z bosons">W and Z bosons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Scalar_boson" title="Scalar boson">Scalar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higgs_boson" title="Higgs boson">Higgs boson </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghost (physics) (not yet started)">Ghost fields</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faddeev%E2%80%93Popov_ghost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faddeev–Popov ghost (not yet started)">Faddeev–Popov ghosts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_particles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypothetical particles">Hypothetical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superpartner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superpartner (not yet started)">Superpartners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaugino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaugino (not yet started)">Gauginos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gluino (not yet started)">Gluino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitino" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photino" title="Photino">Photino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axino (not yet started)">Axino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chargino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chargino (not yet started)">Chargino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higgsino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higgsino (not yet started)">Higgsino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutralino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neutralino (not yet started)">Neutralino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sfermion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfermion (not yet started)">Sfermion</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_squark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stop squark (not yet started)">Stop squark</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axion" title="Axion">Axion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curvaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curvaton (not yet started)">Curvaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilaton (not yet started)">Dilaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_graviton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dual graviton (not yet started)">Dual graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graviphoton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graviphoton (not yet started)">Graviphoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inflaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inflaton (not yet started)">Inflaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptoquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptoquark (not yet started)">Leptoquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_monopole" title="Magnetic monopole">Magnetic monopole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majoron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majoron (not yet started)">Majoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorana_fermion" title="Majorana fermion">Majorana fermion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_photon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dark photon (not yet started)">Dark photon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preon (not yet started)">Preon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterile_neutrino" title="Sterile neutrino">Sterile neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyon" title="Tachyon">Tachyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W′ and Z′ bosons (not yet started)">W′ and Z′ bosons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X_and_Y_bosons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X and Y bosons (not yet started)">X and Y bosons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bound_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bound state (not yet started)">Composite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hadrons" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">Hadrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">Nucleon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">Antiproton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antineutron" title="Antineutron">Antineutron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta baryon (not yet started)">Delta baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambda_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambda baryon (not yet started)">Lambda baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigma_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigma baryon (not yet started)">Sigma baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi baryon (not yet started)">Xi baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega baryon (not yet started)">Omega baryon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">Mesons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">Pion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rho meson (not yet started)">Rho meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eta meson (not yet started)">Eta and eta prime mesons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bottom_eta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bottom eta meson (not yet started)">Bottom eta meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phi_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phi meson (not yet started)">Phi meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J/psi_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J/psi meson (not yet started)">J/psi meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega meson (not yet started)">Omega meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upsilon_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upsilon meson (not yet started)">Upsilon meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">Kaon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B meson (not yet started)">B meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D meson (not yet started)">D meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarkonium" title="Quarkonium">Quarkonium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exotic_hadron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exotic hadron (not yet started)">Exotic hadrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraquark (not yet started)">Tetraquark</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Double-charm_tetraquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Double-charm tetraquark (not yet started)">Double-charm tetraquark</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentaquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentaquark (not yet started)">Pentaquark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">Atomic nuclei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_atom" title="Exotic atom">Exotic atoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Positronium" title="Positronium">Positronium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muonium (not yet started)">Muonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tauonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tauonium (not yet started)">Tauonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onium (not yet started)">Onia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pionium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pionium (not yet started)">Pionium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protonium (not yet started)">Protonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superatom" title="Superatom">Superatoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">Molecules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Hypothetical_composite_particles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Hypothetical composite particles (not yet started)">Hypothetical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Baryons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexaquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexaquark (not yet started)">Hexaquark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heptaquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptaquark (not yet started)">Heptaquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrmion" title="Skyrmion">Skyrmion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Mesons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glueball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glueball (not yet started)">Glueball</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theta meson (not yet started)">Theta meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T meson (not yet started)">T meson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesonic_molecule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesonic molecule (not yet started)">Mesonic molecule</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomeron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomeron (not yet started)">Pomeron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diquark (not yet started)">Diquark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R-hadron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-hadron (not yet started)">R-hadron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quasiparticle" title="Quasiparticle">Quasiparticles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anyon (not yet started)">Anyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Davydov_soliton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davydov soliton (not yet started)">Davydov soliton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dropleton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dropleton (not yet started)">Dropleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exciton" title="Exciton">Exciton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fracton_(subdimensional_particle)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fracton (subdimensional particle) (not yet started)">Fracton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_hole" title="Electron hole">Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnon" title="Magnon">Magnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon">Phonon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmaron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmaron (not yet started)">Plasmaron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmon (not yet started)">Plasmon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polariton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polariton (not yet started)">Polariton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaron (not yet started)">Polaron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roton (not yet started)">Roton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trion_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trion (physics) (not yet started)">Trion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_baryons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of baryons (not yet started)">Baryons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_mesons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of mesons (not yet started)">Mesons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_particles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of particles (not yet started)">Particles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_quasiparticles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of quasiparticles (not yet started)">Quasiparticles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_particle_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of particle discoveries (not yet started)">Timeline of particle discoveries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_subatomic_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of subatomic physics (not yet started)">History of subatomic physics</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_atomic_and_subatomic_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics (not yet started)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Model" title="Standard Model">Standard Model</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model (not yet started)">mathematical formulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">Subatomic particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle" title="Particle">Particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle">Antiparticles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">Nuclear physics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eightfold_way_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eightfold way (physics) (not yet started)">Eightfold way</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quark_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark model">Quark model</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exotic_matter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exotic matter (not yet started)">Exotic matter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massless_particle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massless particle (not yet started)">Massless particle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relativistic_particle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relativistic particle (not yet started)">Relativistic particle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_particle" title="Virtual particle">Virtual particle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality" title="Wave–particle duality">Wave–particle duality</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Particle_chauvinism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Particle chauvinism (not yet started)">Particle chauvinism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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