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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Glass-coating</b> is a process invented in 1924 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=G._F._Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. F. Taylor (page does not exist)">G. F. Taylor</a> and converted into production machine by Ulitovski for producing fine <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a>-coated <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> filaments only a few <a href="/wiki/Micrometre" title="Micrometre">micrometres</a> in <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a>. </p><p>In this process, known as the "Taylor-wire" or "microwire process" or "Taylor-Ulitovski process", the metal to be produced in microwire form is held in a glass tube, typically a <a href="/wiki/Borosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Borosilicate">borosilicate</a> composition, which is closed at one end. This end of the tube is then heated in order to soften the glass to a temperature at which the metal part is in liquid state and the glass can be drawn down to produce a fine glass capillary containing a metal core. In recent years the process was converted to continuous one by continuously feeding the metal drop with new material. Although this process is simple enough it requires a lot of factors to be met at the same time. The continuous flow of metal that is being coated by the glass has to be melted at the same temperature as the glass otherwise there may be consistency problems which could lead to a change in the properties of the wire. This means that metals that have a high melting temperature can not be used because it may prove difficult to match the high melting point of the metal to a high melting point in a glass. The rate at which the metal wire is pulled also has to be monitored because a fluctuation in the speed of pulling may cause a difference of width in the wire. Not only does the wire need to be pulled at the same rate but it also needs to be cooled in a stable environment, which is normally conducted by moving the wire through a stream of cooled water or oil. However. there are some apparatuses that can bypass some of these problems by heating the glass and the metal in separate chambers which allows for the use of metals with high melting points. Around the 1950s the Taylor-Ulitovski process was changed to a continuous feeding process of the materials in order to make these wires on a mass production scale.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metal cores in the range 1 to 120 <a href="/wiki/Micrometre" title="Micrometre">micrometres</a> with a glass coating a few micrometres in diameter can be readily produced by this method. Glass-coated microwires successfully produced by this method include <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloy</a> compositions. It has even proved possible to produce <a href="/wiki/Amorphous_metal" title="Amorphous metal">amorphous metal</a> ("glassy metal") cores because the cooling rate achievable by this process can be of the order of 1,000,000 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvins</a> per second. Glass-coated wire receives all of its material properties from its microstructure. The microstructure in turn receives its properties from the rate at which the wire is cooled. The magnetic properties of glass-coated wires also differ greatly from the properties of amorphous wires and cold-drawn wires due to the difference of the internal stresses that are occurring in the wire. When choosing a metal for the wire Fe-rich compositions of metals typically hold an advantage over Co-rich compositions since Co is more expensive and Fe-rich metals have better magnetic properties. The magnetic properties such as the magnetic softness of Fe-rich materials can be improved by annealing the metal while it is under mechanical stresses. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a magnet is said to be "soft" it implies that the magnetic abilities are only temporary. These magnets are easily magnetized when they are exposed to an electrical current. These types of magnets are often used in computers and technology to control the flow of electric current. This is what makes these wires useful in technological applications because they can easily control the flow of electricity in a device. A hard magnet on the other hand does not need an electrical current to remain magnetized so these magnets are permanent. These magnets are used to create magnetic fields in devices such as an automotive <a href="/wiki/Alternator" title="Alternator">alternator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The glass coating of wires improves the thermal stability of the wire. The wires will remain stable until the glass, in this case Pyrex (borosilicate), begins to soften. Pyrex generally begins to soften around 673 Kelvin, therefore, these wires can be used in coolers or in heaters that operate under the temperature of 673 Kelvin. Not only does the glass coating of the wire provide thermal stability but it also helps to prevent metallic corrosion of the wire.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Applications for microwire include miniature electrical components based on copper-cored microwire. <a href="/wiki/Amorphous_metal" title="Amorphous metal">Amorphous metal</a> cores with special <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnetic</a> properties can even be employed in such articles as <a href="/wiki/Security_tag" class="mw-redirect" title="Security tag">security tags</a> and related devices. Cobalt and iron base alloys are used to produce anti-shoplifting labels and security papers. The glass-coated wire has also proven quite valuable in devices that are used to sense brain tumors and used in medical equipment. The main consumers of glass-coated wire are the medical and automobile industries since glass coated wire is very valuable when it comes to precise sensors. </p><p>The Taylor-Ulitovski process has been proven successful in academic environments however it was never duplicated for high volume mass production. The modified Adar-Bolotinsky process has made it possible to produce micro bonding wire directly from the melt, by casting instead of the traditional drawing, converting this process to a mass production scale. This special manufacturing process also makes it possible to develop RED micro wire, for example RED Copper wire which is unique <a href="/wiki/Wire_bonding" title="Wire bonding">composite wire</a> with a thin glass-coating and a soft copper core. Glass-coated wire had a huge impact on the LED industry by reducing the cost of interconnect components, specifically using Copper wire instead of Gold. Using the Adar-Bolotinsky process has made it possible to coat these wires with glass which protects it from oxidisation, increasing the shelf and operating life. these improvements have contributed to the current success of <a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a> <a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">lighting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glass-coated_wire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhukov2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arcady_Zhukov" title="Arcady Zhukov">Zhukov, Arcady</a> (2009). <i>Studies of Electrical Resistance in Ni75Cr7Si7.5Mn10.5 and Ni80.5Cr4.2Si6.5Mn5B Glass-Coated Wires</i>. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmBH &Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+of+Electrical+Resistance+in+Ni75Cr7Si7.5Mn10.5+and+Ni80.5Cr4.2Si6.5Mn5B+Glass-Coated+Wires&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH+Verlag+GmBH+%26Co&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Zhukov&rft.aufirst=Arcady&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlass-coated+wire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhukov2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arcady_Zhukov" title="Arcady Zhukov">Zhukov, Arcady</a> (2006). <i>Design of the Magnetic Properties of Fe-Rich, Glass-Coated Microwires for Technical Applications</i>. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmBH &Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+of+the+Magnetic+Properties+of+Fe-Rich%2C+Glass-Coated+Microwires+for+Technical+Applications&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH+Verlag+GmBH+%26Co&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Zhukov&rft.aufirst=Arcady&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlass-coated+wire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEjim2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Ejim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Ejim (page does not exist)">Ejim, Charles</a> (2015). <i>What are Hard & Soft Magnets</i>. Santa Monica, California: Demand Media.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+are+Hard+%26+Soft+Magnets&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+California&rft.pub=Demand+Media&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Ejim&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlass-coated+wire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhukov2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arcady_Zhukov" title="Arcady Zhukov">Zhukov, Arcady</a> (2009). <i>Studies of Electrical Resistance in Ni75Cr7Si7.5Mn10.5 and Ni80.5Cr4.2Si6.5Mn5B Glass-Coated Wires</i>. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmBH &Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+of+Electrical+Resistance+in+Ni75Cr7Si7.5Mn10.5+and+Ni80.5Cr4.2Si6.5Mn5B+Glass-Coated+Wires&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH+Verlag+GmBH+%26Co&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Zhukov&rft.aufirst=Arcady&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlass-coated+wire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephan2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominik_Stephan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominik Stephan (page does not exist)">Stephan, Dominik</a> (2013). <i>LED & OLED Technology</i>. China: LED Professional.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LED+%26+OLED+Technology&rft.place=China&rft.pub=LED+Professional&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Stephan&rft.aufirst=Dominik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlass-coated+wire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="AgInSbTe">AgInSbTe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioglass">Bioglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borophosphosilicate_glass" title="Borophosphosilicate glass">Borophosphosilicate glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borosilicate_glass" title="Borosilicate glass">Borosilicate glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_glaze" title="Ceramic glaze">Ceramic glaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcogenide_glass" title="Chalcogenide glass">Chalcogenide glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_glass" title="Cobalt glass">Cobalt glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_glass" title="Cranberry glass">Cranberry glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_glass_(optics)" title="Crown glass (optics)">Crown glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_glass" title="Flint glass">Flint glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorosilicate_glass" title="Fluorosilicate glass">Fluorosilicate glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fused_quartz" title="Fused quartz">Fused quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeSbTe" title="GeSbTe">GeSbTe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_glass" title="Cranberry glass">Gold ruby glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_glass" title="Lead glass">Lead glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_glass" title="Milk glass">Milk glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphosilicate_glass" title="Phosphosilicate glass">Phosphosilicate glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photochromic_lens" title="Photochromic lens">Photochromic lens glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass#Silicate_glass" title="Glass">Silicate glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda%E2%80%93lime_glass" title="Soda–lime glass">Soda–lime glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hexametaphosphate" title="Sodium hexametaphosphate">Sodium hexametaphosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_silicate" title="Sodium silicate">Soluble glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellurite_glass" title="Tellurite glass">Tellurite glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoriated_glass" title="Thoriated glass">Thoriated glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_low_expansion_glass" title="Ultra low expansion glass">Ultra low expansion glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_glass" title="Uranium glass">Uranium glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">Vitreous enamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood%27s_glass" title="Wood's glass">Wood's glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBLAN" title="ZBLAN">ZBLAN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glass-ceramic" title="Glass-ceramic">Glass-ceramics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioactive_glass" title="Bioactive glass">Bioactive glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorningWare" title="CorningWare">CorningWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass-ceramic-to-metal_seals" title="Glass-ceramic-to-metal seals">Glass-ceramic-to-metal seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macor" title="Macor">Macor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerodur" title="Zerodur">Zerodur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annealing_(glass)" title="Annealing (glass)">Annealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_vapor_deposition" title="Chemical vapor deposition">Chemical vapor deposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_batch_calculation" title="Glass batch calculation">Glass batch calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production#Hot_end" title="Glass production">Glass melting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_of_glass_properties" title="Calculation of glass properties">Glass modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_implantation" title="Ion implantation">Ion implantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquidus">Liquidus temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol%E2%80%93gel_process" title="Sol–gel process">sol–gel technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscosity#Viscosity_of_amorphous_materials" title="Viscosity">Viscosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitrification" title="Vitrification">Vitrification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">Optics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achromatic_lens" title="Achromatic lens">Achromat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispersion_(optics)" title="Dispersion (optics)">Dispersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradient-index_optics" title="Gradient-index optics">Gradient-index optics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_darkening" title="Hydrogen darkening">Hydrogen darkening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_amplifier" title="Optical amplifier">Optical amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">Optical fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_lens_design" title="Optical lens design">Optical lens design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photochromic_lens" title="Photochromic lens">Photochromic lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photosensitive_glass" title="Photosensitive glass">Photosensitive glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refraction" title="Refraction">Refraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">Transparent materials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface<br />modification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating" title="Anti-reflective coating">Anti-reflective coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemically_strengthened_glass" title="Chemically strengthened glass">Chemically strengthened glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrosion#Corrosion_of_glasses" title="Corrosion">Corrosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dealkalization" title="Dealkalization">Dealkalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_microarray" title="DNA microarray">DNA microarray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_darkening" title="Hydrogen darkening">Hydrogen darkening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulated_glazing" title="Insulated glazing">Insulated glazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porous_glass" title="Porous glass">Porous glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-cleaning_glass" title="Self-cleaning glass">Self-cleaning glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol%E2%80%93gel_process" title="Sol–gel process">sol–gel technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempered_glass" title="Tempered glass">Tempered glass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diverse<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_glass_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of glass objects">Conservation and restoration of glass objects</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glass-coated wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_glass" title="Safety glass">Safety glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_databases" title="Glass databases">Glass databases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_electrode" title="Glass electrode">Glass electrode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber_reinforced_concrete" title="Glass fiber reinforced concrete">Glass fiber reinforced concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ionomer_cement" title="Glass ionomer cement">Glass ionomer cement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_microsphere" title="Glass microsphere">Glass microspheres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">Glass-reinforced plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_cloth" title="Glass cloth">Glass cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass-to-metal_seal" title="Glass-to-metal seal">Glass-to-metal seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porous_glass" title="Porous glass">Porous glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-preg" title="Pre-preg">Pre-preg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert%27s_drop" title="Prince Rupert's drop">Prince Rupert's drops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste#Vitrification" title="Radioactive waste">Radioactive waste vitrification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windshield" title="Windshield">Windshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass fiber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" 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