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Tirpude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Surwade"> V. Surwade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Murkey"> P. Murkey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Wankhade"> P. Wankhade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Meena"> S. Meena </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is no statistical data to establish variation in epiphyseal fusion in girls in central India population. This significant oversight can lead to exclusion of persons of interest in a forensic investigation. Epiphyseal fusion of proximal end of humerus in eighty females were analyzed on radiological basis to assess the range of variation of epiphyseal fusion at each age. In the study, the X ray films of the subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of degree of fusion. Firstly, those which were showing No Epiphyseal Fusion (N), secondly those showing Partial Union (PC), and thirdly those showing Complete Fusion (C). Observations made were compared with the previous studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epiphyseal%20union" title="epiphyseal union">epiphyseal union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoulder%20joint" title=" shoulder joint"> shoulder joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximal%20end%20of%20humerus" title=" proximal end of humerus"> proximal end of humerus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19684/age-determination-from-epiphyseal-union-of-bones-at-shoulder-joint-in-girls-of-central-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> Union-Primes and Immediate Neighbors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shai%20Sarussi">Shai Sarussi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The union of a nonempty chain of prime ideals in a noncommutative ring is not necessarily a prime ideal. An ideal is called union-prime if it is a union of a nonempty chain of prime ideals but is not a prime. In this paper, some relations between chains of prime ideals and the induced chains of union-prime ideals are shown; in particular, the cardinality of such chains and the cardinality of the sets of cuts of such chains are discussed. For a ring R and a nonempty full chain of prime ideals C of R, several characterizations for the property of immediate neighbors in C are given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prime%20ideals" title="prime ideals">prime ideals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=union-prime%20ideals" title=" union-prime ideals"> union-prime ideals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immediate%20neighbors" title=" immediate neighbors"> immediate neighbors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaplansky%27s%20conjecture" title=" Kaplansky's conjecture"> Kaplansky's conjecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131024/union-primes-and-immediate-neighbors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> The Vertex Degree Distance of One Vertex Union of the Cycle and the Star</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Wang">Ying Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiyan%20Xie"> Haiyan Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aoming%20Zhang"> Aoming Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The degree distance of a graph is a graph invariant that is more sensitive than the Wiener index. In this paper, we calculate the vertex degree distances of one vertex union of the cycle and the star, and the degree distance of one vertex union of the cycle and the star. These results lay a foundation for further study on the extreme value of the vertex degree distances, and the distribution of the vertices with the extreme value in one vertex union of the cycle and the star. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20distance" title="degree distance">degree distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertex-degree-distance" title=" vertex-degree-distance"> vertex-degree-distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one%20vertex%20union%20of%20a%20cycle%20and%20a%20star" title=" one vertex union of a cycle and a star"> one vertex union of a cycle and a star</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph" title=" graph"> graph</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127232/the-vertex-degree-distance-of-one-vertex-union-of-the-cycle-and-the-star" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> The Concept and Practice of Good Governance in the European Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Grzeszczak">Robert Grzeszczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article deals with one of the most significant issues concerning the functioning of the public sector in the European Union. The objectives of good governance were formulated by the EU itself and also the Scholars in reaction to the discussion that started a decade ago and concerned the role of the government in 21st century, the future of integration processes and globalization challenges in Europe. Currently, the concept of good governance is mainly associated with the improvement of management of public policies in the European Union, concerning both domestic and EU policies. However, it goes beyond the issues of state capacity and effectiveness of management. Good governance relates also to societal participation in the public administration and verification of decisions made in public authorities’ (including public administration). Indirectly, the concept and practice of good governance are connected to societal legitimisation of public bodies in the European Union. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20governance" title="good governance">good governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government" title=" government"> government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20law" title=" European law"> European law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16889/the-concept-and-practice-of-good-governance-in-the-european-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Benefits of Polish Accession to the European Union for Air Transport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Tloczynski">D. Tloczynski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this article is to present a balance of the decade of Polish air transport market in the European Union having taking into account selected entities of the aviation market. This article analyzes the functioning of the Polish air transport market after the Polish accession to the European Union. During the study two main areas were pointed: shipping activity and activity of the airports. The most important benefits of integration and the benefits of introducing of the open sky policy were indicated. The last part of the article presents the perspectives of development of air traffic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20transport" title="air transport">air transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airports" title=" airports"> airports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20air%20transport" title=" development air transport"> development air transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poland" title=" Poland"> Poland</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16397/benefits-of-polish-accession-to-the-european-union-for-air-transport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Management Opposition, Strikes, and Union Threats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20N%C3%BC%C3%9F">Patrick Nüß</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> I estimate management opposition against unions in terms of hiring discrimination by a large scale field experiment in the German labor market. The results show that callback rates for union members decrease significantly in the presence of high sectoral union density and large firm size. I further explore how this effect varies with regional and sectoral labor dispute intensity and find that management opposition is stronger when a sector is exposed to an intense labor dispute. There is evidence that the observed management opposition can be explained by sectoral union threat effects. Sectors with lower hiring discrimination have lower coverage of collective agreements, and in the absence of a collective agreement, they are less likely to follow the collective agreement wage setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20unions" title="trade unions">trade unions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Industrial%20relations" title=" Industrial relations"> Industrial relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20opposition" title=" management opposition"> management opposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=union%20threat" title=" union threat"> union threat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20disputes" title=" labor disputes"> labor disputes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20experiments" title=" field experiments"> field experiments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137893/management-opposition-strikes-and-union-threats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> The European Union: Considering Its Alleged Endangerment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jes%C3%BAs%20Ulloa">Jesús Ulloa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The creation, rise, and consolidation of far right-wing, ultranationalist, and eurosceptic parties in Europe after the Second World War pose a real threat towards the disintegration of the European Union. Starting more than thirty years ago with Jean-Marie Le Pen's FN and Margaret Thatcher's policies, to Marine Le Pen's current FN and anti-immigration proposals along with Nigel Farage's UKIP and their intentions to leave the European Union, the progress of right-wing parties should be noted, taking into account that they may have very important differences within their postures but that they also reach common ground in certain areas. The actual disintegration of the EU would represent an enormous failure of the new liberal world order. Through this essay, the roots of this political parties will be analyzed and the conclusion of whether the disintegration may become a reality or if the principles of cooperation and unity will prevail will be answered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eurosceptic" title="eurosceptic">eurosceptic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultarnationalist" title=" ultarnationalist"> ultarnationalist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right-wing" title=" right-wing"> right-wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22481/the-european-union-considering-its-alleged-endangerment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> Entrepreneurial Education in the European Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marko%20Kolakovi%C4%87">Marko Kolaković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mladen%20Turuk"> Mladen Turuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurship is a valuable discipline important for the competitiveness of the European economy. The European Union's economy is constantly changing, and there is an increased demand for special knowledge and skills to help actors cope in a turbulent business environment. By promoting entrepreneurship in education, the citizens of the European Union are encouraged to be enterprising, innovative, and creative in designing solutions to perceived commercial and social problems in the form of offered products and services created as a result of the entrepreneurial process. The European Union has developed a series of guidelines to encourage entrepreneurship in education and training, and it supports entrepreneurship itself through various activities such as Erasmus + and other programs. A number of tools have been developed to support the development of entrepreneurial spirit among the citizens of the European Union. Special emphasis is placed on the methods of developing creativity, critical thinking, and the development of digital competencies. The aim of this paper is to investigate the initiatives of the European Union in the field of entrepreneurship education and to analyze the concept of entrepreneurship education in selected EU member states. Also, an overview of the desired learning outcomes acquired as a result of the successfully completed entrepreneurship education process will be provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title="entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20education" title=" entrepreneurial education"> entrepreneurial education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU" title=" EU"> EU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=croatia" title=" croatia"> croatia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154306/entrepreneurial-education-in-the-european-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Guarding the Fortress: Intellectual Property Rights and the European Union’s Cross-Border Jurisdiction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Vora%20%28Hoxha%29">Sara Vora (Hoxha)</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present article delves into the intricate matters concerning Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and cross-border jurisdiction within the confines of the European Union (EU). The prevalence of cross-border intellectual property rights (IPR) disputes has increased in tandem with the globalization of commerce and the widespread adoption of technology. The European Union (EU) is not immune to this trend. The manuscript presents a comprehensive analysis of various forms of intellectual property rights (IPR), such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights, and the regulatory framework established by the European Union (EU) to oversee these rights. The present article examines the diverse approaches employed for ascertaining the appropriate jurisdiction within the European Union (EU), and their potential application in the sphere of cross-border intellectual property rights (IPR) conflicts. The article sheds light on jurisdictional issues and outcomes of significant cross-border intellectual property rights (IPR) disputes in the European Union (EU). Additionally, the document provides suggestions for effectively managing intellectual property rights conflicts across borders within the European Union, which encompasses the utilization of alternative methods for resolving disputes. The article highlights the significance of comprehending the relevant jurisdiction in the European Union for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). It also offers optimal approaches for enterprises and individuals who aim to safeguard their intellectual property beyond national boundaries. The primary objective of this article is to furnish a thorough comprehension of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and the relevant jurisdiction in the European Union (EU). Additionally, it endeavors to provide pragmatic recommendations for managing cross-border IPR conflicts in this intricate and ever-changing legal milieu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property%20rights%20%28IPR%29" title="intellectual property rights (IPR)">intellectual property rights (IPR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-border%20jurisdiction" title=" cross-border jurisdiction"> cross-border jurisdiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applicable%20laws%20and%20regulations" title=" applicable laws and regulations"> applicable laws and regulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispute%20resolution" title=" dispute resolution"> dispute resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=best%20practices" title=" best practices"> best practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165984/guarding-the-fortress-intellectual-property-rights-and-the-european-unions-cross-border-jurisdiction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> The Common Agricultural Policy in a Czech Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%C3%A9ta%20Slov%C3%A1kov%C3%A1">Markéta Slováková</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The largest share of policy and money within the European Union goes to agriculture. The Union’s Common Agricultural Policy has undergone several transformations in the last five decades, with the main change taking place in the 1990's. This change influenced agriculture in the Czech Republic, inasmuch as the fledgling republic was preparing to join the European Union and adopt its policies. In the 1990s, Czech agriculture passed from a centrally planned economy to a market economy and subsequently adopted the terms of the Common Agricultural Policy. The Czech Republic is also characterized by a significant landscape sphere diversification. Agricultural entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic are still not used the possibility of grants from the European Union. They focus rather on national or regional subsidy titles. Only half of all agricultural entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic use European subsidies. This article focuses on the introduction of the Common Agricultural Policy to the Czech Republic and its subsequent influence on Czech agriculture. It is demonstrated on the implementation rate of the CAP in the EU Member States and the closer focus is on the Czech integration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20agricultural%20policy" title="common agricultural policy">common agricultural policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20400/the-common-agricultural-policy-in-a-czech-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> The European Refugee Crisis and Its Effects on the Relationships between Turkey and the European Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebru%20Nergiz">Ebru Nergiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world is facing one of the biggest refugee crisis’ in history as hundred thousands of refugees who run away from the battle and genocide in the Middle East are travelling illegally to reach Europe over the Mediterranean and Aegean Sea. The number of refugees has reached huge numbers due to the civil war that was caused by the Arab Spring. The number of asylum applications to the European Union has also increased in parallel with the increase in the number of refugees. The conflict in Syria between the government of Bashar Al-Assad and various other forces, which started in the spring of 2011, continues to cause displacement within the country and across the region. The refugee situation caused by the Syrian conflict has placed enormous strain on neighboring countries Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, and especially Turkey. Turkey hosts massive numbers of Syrian refugees, almost 3 million and Syrians have been seeking protection in increasing numbers. The refugee crisis has affected the relationships between Turkey and the European Union deeply. President of the European Council Donald Tusk chaired a meeting of EU heads of state or government with Turkey on 29 November 2015. The meeting opened a new era in the relationships between Turkey and the European Union in terms of the migration crisis. The EU and Turkey agreed to negotiate Turkey's accession process to the European Union and to hold regular summits on Turkey-EU relations and discuss these issues. This paper looks at the reasons and consequences of the European refugee crisis and its effects on Turkey- European Union relationships. This paper also argues that the European Union has not sufficiently contributed toward alleviating the burden caused by the refugee influx, in terms of both financial assistance and refugee resettlement. The European Union’s priority is to guarantee that the lowest possible number of refugees reach Europe rather than to ensure the security of the refugees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee%20crisis" title=" refugee crisis"> refugee crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey-European%20union%20relationships" title=" Turkey-European union relationships"> Turkey-European union relationships</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45885/the-european-refugee-crisis-and-its-effects-on-the-relationships-between-turkey-and-the-european-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> Estimating Age in Deceased Persons from the North Indian Population Using Ossification of the Sternoclavicular Joint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balaji%20Devanathan">Balaji Devanathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokul%20G."> Gokul G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raveena%20Divya"> Raveena Divya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Yadav"> Abhishek Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20K.%20Gupta"> Sudhir K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Age estimation is a common problem in administrative settings, medico legal cases, and among athletes competing in different sports. Age estimation is a problem in medico legal problems that arise in hospitals when there has been a criminal abortion, when consenting to surgery or a general physical examination, when there has been infanticide, impotence, sterility, etc. Medical imaging progress has benefited forensic anthropology in various ways, most notably in the area of determining bone age. An efficient method for researching the epiphyseal union and other differences in the body's bones and joints is multi-slice computed tomography. There isn't a significant database on Indians available. So to obtain an Indian based database author has performed this original study. Methodologies: The appearance and fusion of ossification centre of sternoclavicular joint is evaluated, and grades were assigned accordingly. Using MSCT scans, we examined the relationship between the age of the deceased and alterations in the sternoclavicular joint during the appearance and union in 500 instances, 327 men and 173 females, in the age range of 0 to 25 years. Results: According to our research in both the male and female groups, the ossification centre for the medial end of the clavicle first appeared between the ages of 18.5 and 17.1 respectively. The age range of the partial union was 20.4 and 20.2 years old. The earliest age of complete fusion was 23 years for males and 22 years for females. For fusion of their sternebrae into one, age range is 11–24 years for females and 17–24 years. The fusion of the third and fourth sternebrae was completed by 11 years. The fusions of the first and second and second and third sternebrae occur by the age of 17 years. Furthermore, correlation and reliability were carried out which yielded significant results. Conclusion: With numerous exceptions, the projected values are consistent with a large number of the previously developed age charts. These variations may be caused by the ethnic or regional heterogeneity in the ossification pattern among the population under study. The pattern of bone maturation did not significantly differ between the sexes, according to the study. The study's age range was 0 to 25 years, and for obvious reasons, the majority of the occurrences occurred in the last five years, or between 20 and 25 years of age. This resulted in a comparatively smaller study population for the 12–18 age group, where age estimate is crucial because of current legal requirements. It will require specialized PMCT research in this age range to produce population standard charts for age estimate. The medial end of the clavicle is one of several ossification foci that are being thoroughly investigated since they are challenging to assess with a traditional X-ray examination. Combining the two has been shown to be a valid result when it comes to raising the age beyond eighteen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20estimation" title="age estimation">age estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sternoclavicular%20joint" title=" sternoclavicular joint"> sternoclavicular joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medial%20clavicle" title=" medial clavicle"> medial clavicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography" title=" computed tomography"> computed tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185839/estimating-age-in-deceased-persons-from-the-north-indian-population-using-ossification-of-the-sternoclavicular-joint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> The Morocco's Return to the African Union: A New Era in the Kingdom's Foreign Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Ponomarenko">L. Ponomarenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Kaouar"> Rachid Kaouar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Morocco has rejoined the African Union and more than 30 years after it left the continental body due to the recognition of the Arabic Republic of Western Sahara. Morocco was readmitted after a one year campaign led by the King himself, who was visiting the Eastern African country with the aim to expend the kingdom presence in new region in Africa after that it managed to build a large influence net in the West Africa region. The return of Morocco can be a beginning of a new era in the foreign policy of Morocco, specially, in the policy towards the state-quo of the Western Sahara conflict, which is considerate as one the biggest obstacle for the cooperation and integration process in the region of North Africa. As a member-state of the African Union Morocco has lot more to lose, according to that the Moroccan position must be more flexible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=North%20African%20Region" title=" North African Region"> North African Region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20Sahara" title=" Western Sahara"> Western Sahara</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90274/the-moroccos-return-to-the-african-union-a-new-era-in-the-kingdoms-foreign-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> Conditionality in the European Union as a New Instrument to Guarantee the Principle of Separation of Powers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Neves">Ana Neves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The European Union’s multi-level constitutionalism is grounded in an intricate network of vertical and horizontal legal relationships among different levels and types of public authorities. In a very significant way since the 2008 crisis, evolving institutional arrangements and institutional dynamics in the European Union have been progressively impacting Member States and the terms under which national public authorities are organised, interact and exercise their powers. This impact occurs in both macro and micro dimensions. Several examples are relevant here, such as the involvement of national Parliaments in the activities of the European Union, the enhanced integration of public administrations, the side effects of the Council framework decision on the European Arrest Warrant, the European Union Justice Scoreboard, the protection of whistle-blowers regulation, the enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, the regime for the protection of the Union budget and the European Rule of Law Mechanism. A common trend or denominator underlies the deepening of institutional interdependence and the increased interactions between the European Union, Member States, and public authorities at different levels. This seems to be conditionality as a general principle. The European multi-level constitutionalism must be considered in the light of this conditionality principle, which does not “imply a relationship of command and obedience”. Nevertheless, it might be more effective or be a very compelling principle. It is as if the extension of the shared rule is being accompanied by a contrapuntal dialogue. The different public authorities at various levels are being called to rethink and readjust themselves within a broader and more plural framework concerning understanding the limitation of power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=european%20union%20-" title="european union -">european union -</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%20hierarchy" title=" multi-level hierarchy"> multi-level hierarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditionality" title=" conditionality"> conditionality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20of%20powers" title=" separation of powers"> separation of powers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160240/conditionality-in-the-european-union-as-a-new-instrument-to-guarantee-the-principle-of-separation-of-powers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> Security Practices of the European Union on Migration: An Analysis of the Frontex Within the Framework of Biopolitics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizem%20Ert%C3%BCrk">Gizem Ertürk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nursena%20Din%C3%A7"> Nursena Dinç</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Aegean area has always been an important transit point for migration; however, the establishment of the European Union gave further impetus to the migration phenomenon and increased the significance of the area within this context. The migration waves have been more visible in the area in recent decades, and particularly after the “2015 Migration Crisis,” this issue has been subject to further securitization in the EU. In this conjuncture, the Frontex, which is an agency set up by the EU in 2005 for the purpose of managing and coordinating the border control efforts, has become more functional in the relevant area, but at the same time, have some questionable actions within the context of human rights. This paper problematizes the rationality behind the existence and practices of such a structure and attempts to make a political and legal analysis of the security practices of the European Union against migration within a framework based on the biopolitics approaches of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben. The dataset of this paper, which focuses on the agency in question by taking it as a case, is formed by making use of the existing literature on the EU’s security policies, the relevant official texts of the Union and Frontex reports on migration practices in and around the Aegean Sea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolitics" title=" biopolitics"> biopolitics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frontex" title=" Frontex"> Frontex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20union" title=" European union"> European union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=securitization" title=" securitization"> securitization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148698/security-practices-of-the-european-union-on-migration-an-analysis-of-the-frontex-within-the-framework-of-biopolitics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> Towards Efficient Reasoning about Families of Class Diagrams Using Union Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tejush%20Badal">Tejush Badal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaa%20Alwidian"> Sanaa Alwidian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Class diagrams are useful tools within the Unified Modelling Language (UML) to model and visualize the relationships between, and properties of objects within a system. As a system evolves over time and space (e.g., products), a series of models with several commonalities and variabilities create what is known as a model family. In circumstances where there are several versions of a model, examining each model individually, becomes expensive in terms of computation resources. To avoid performing redundant operations, this paper proposes an approach for representing a family of class diagrams into Union Models to represent model families using a single generic model. The paper aims to analyze and reason about a family of class diagrams using union models as opposed to individual analysis of each member model in the family. The union algorithm provides a holistic view of the model family, where the latter cannot be otherwise obtained from an individual analysis approach, this in turn, enhances the analysis performed in terms of speeding up the time needed to analyze a family of models together as opposed to analyzing individual models, one model at a time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title="analysis">analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=class%20diagram" title=" class diagram"> class diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20family" title=" model family"> model family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20modeling%20language" title=" unified modeling language"> unified modeling language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=union%20model" title=" union model"> union model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168580/towards-efficient-reasoning-about-families-of-class-diagrams-using-union-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> EU Citizenship, Brexit, and Democracy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noemi%20Bessa%20Vilela">Noemi Bessa Vilela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The citizenship of the European Union nowadays established under article 20/1 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union has been a hallmark of the EU’s political integration since the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty. Initially received with some doubt regarding what it would mean to be a European citizen, and what would happen to individual national citizenships, the Union’s citizenship appears to have been relegated at present times to a secondary position in relation to other, more pressing, economic and market policies. Notwithstanding the veritable myriad of specific rights and freedoms attributed to citizens of the Union, it is not hard to understand that, given the importance of citizenship as a true cohesion policy at its core, somewhere along the way the Union has failed in its mission of giving its citizens a feeling of European identity, along with the values it so bravely wants to defend and promote. In fact, notwithstanding the ever-so-permanent presence of the blue and yellow flag next to national flags, and the elections to European Parliament, most citizens have no idea of the relevance of EU law as an integral part of their legal heritage. In fact, it is safe to state, while the majority of traveling nationals are aware of i.e. their right to freely move in between Member-States, most overlook the fact that this is a result of their status as EU citizens. We have now arrived at a crossroad between accepting the law as it is, or to create new possibilities. The question raised is whether the citizens of UK may, or may not, and shall or shall not, keep the EU citizenship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU%20citizenship" title=" EU citizenship"> EU citizenship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU%20law" title=" EU law"> EU law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TFUE" title=" TFUE"> TFUE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126686/eu-citizenship-brexit-and-democracy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> Marketing and Commercial Activities Offered on Websites of European Union Banks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Spremi%C4%87">Mario Spremić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalija%20Kokolek"> Natalija Kokolek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%C5%BEidar%20Jakovi%C4%87"> Božidar Jaković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jurica%20%C5%A0imurina"> Jurica Šimurina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with various questions related to functionality and providing banking services in the European union on the Internet. Due to the fact that we live in the information technologies era, the Internet become a new space for doing economic and business activities in all areas, and especially important in banking. Accepting the busy tempo of life, in the past several years electronic banking has become necessity and a must for most users of banking services. On a sample of 300 web sites of the banks operating in European union (EU) we conduct the research on the functionality of e-banking services offered through banks web sites with the key objective to reveal to what extent the information technologies are used in their business operations. Characteristics of EU banks websites will be examined and compared to the basic groups of business activities on the web. Also some recommendations for the successful bank web sites will be provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20banking" title="electronic banking">electronic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20business" title=" electronic business"> electronic business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20union%20banks" title=" European union banks"> European union banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet" title=" internet"> internet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25004/marketing-and-commercial-activities-offered-on-websites-of-european-union-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Board of Directors Characteristics and Credit Union Financial Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luisa%20Unda">Luisa Unda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Ahmed"> Kamran Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Mather"> Paul Mather</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We examine the effect of board characteristics on the performance and asset quality of credit unions in Australia, using a large sample covering the period 2004-2012. Credit unions are unique in that they are customer-owned financial institutions and directors are democratically elected by members, which is distinctly different from other financial institutions, such as commercial banks. We find that board remuneration, board expertise, and attendance at board meetings have significantly positive impacts on credit union performance and asset quality, while board members who hold multiple directorships (busy directors), have a significant negative impact on credit union performance. Financial performance also improves with larger boards and long-tenured directors in credit unions. All of these relations hold after we control for alternative measures of performance, credit union characteristics and endogeneity problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credit%20unions" title="credit unions">credit unions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20of%20directors" title=" board of directors"> board of directors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20performance" title=" financial performance"> financial performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australia" title=" Australia"> Australia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20quality" title=" asset quality"> asset quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26547/board-of-directors-characteristics-and-credit-union-financial-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> Gramscian Class Analysis of the Brexit Process in the Passive Revolution Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volkan%20Gulsen">Volkan Gulsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to indicate the main class dynamics of the Brexit process in a Gramscian theoretical framework. It further aims to point out the influence of the withdrawal of the United Kingdom on the European Union class structure. It defines the unification process of the European Union as a passive revolution. In that way, the Brexit process has been described as a moment of negation in the European Union history of class struggle. It will be argued that the withdrawal of the United Kingdom has already altered the European class structure from the embedded neoliberal structure to a more corporate-liberal one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brexit" title="brexit">brexit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gramsci" title=" gramsci"> gramsci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20revolution" title=" passive revolution"> passive revolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-neoliberalism" title=" post-neoliberalism"> post-neoliberalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152209/gramscian-class-analysis-of-the-brexit-process-in-the-passive-revolution-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> Fractional Integration in the West African Economic and Monetary Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hector%20Carcel%0D%0ALuis%20Alberiko%20Gil-Alana">Hector Carcel Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the time series behavior of three variables (GDP, Price level of Consumption and Population) in the eight countries that belong to the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), which are Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. The reason for carrying out this study lies in the considerable heterogeneity that can be perceived in the data from these countries. We conduct a long memory and fractional integration modeling framework and we also identify potential breaks in the data. The aim of the study is to perceive up to which degree the eight West African countries that belong to the same monetary union follow the same economic patterns of stability. Testing for mean reversion, we only found strong evidence of it in the case of Senegal for the Price level of Consumption, and in the cases of Benin, Burkina Faso and Senegal for GDP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=West%20Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monetary%20Union" title=" Monetary Union"> Monetary Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20integration" title=" fractional integration"> fractional integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20patterns" title=" economic patterns"> economic patterns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1887/fractional-integration-in-the-west-african-economic-and-monetary-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> A Comparison of Performance Indicators Between University-Level Rugby Union and Rugby Union Sevens Matches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pieter%20van%20den%20Berg">Pieter van den Berg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Retief%20Broodryk"> Retief Broodryk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bert%20Moolman"> Bert Moolman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Firstly, this study aimed to identify which performance indicators (PIs) discriminate between winning and losing university-level Rugby Union (RU) teams and, secondly, to compare the significant PIs in RU and Rugby Union Sevens (RS) at university level. Understanding the importance of PIs and their effect on match outcomes could assist coaching staff to prioritise specific game aspects during training to increase performance. Twenty randomly selected round-robin matches of the 2018 Varsity Cup (n=20), and Varsity Sports sevens (n=20) tournaments were analysed. A linear mixed model was used to determine statistical significant differences set at p≤0.05 while effect size was reported according to Cohen's d value. Results revealed that various PIs discriminated between winning and losing RU teams and that specific PIs could be observed as significant in both RU and RS. Therefore, specific identified tactical aspects of RU and RS should be prioritised to optimise performance <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=match%20success" title="match success">match success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notational%20analysis" title=" notational analysis"> notational analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20analysis" title=" performance analysis"> performance analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rugby" title=" rugby"> rugby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20analysis" title=" video analysis"> video analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171098/a-comparison-of-performance-indicators-between-university-level-rugby-union-and-rugby-union-sevens-matches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> The Role of Development in Settling Migration Crisis: The Preventive Approach of the European Union in Relations with Sub-Saharan African States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artsiom%20Zinchanka">Artsiom Zinchanka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world faces now one of the largest migration crisis and the European Union meets challenges in accepting the flow of migrants that could not be handled finally at this step. This crisis is complicated with many factors, such as military conflict in the Middle East; absence of the appropriate conditions in the refugees’ camps; but also with the complicity of the migration flow consisting of the Sub-Saharan migrants. This type of migrants leave their homelands for many reasons including poverty, not appropriate level of social and economic conditions, absence of infrastructure and access to the education and medical care. In practice, when the restrictive approach directed to limit the flow of illicit migration and to send illicit migrants back to their homelands is not always working, the approach directed to the root causes of the migration crisis can be more effective in settling the crisis. The Cotonou Agreement and the following treaties concluded between the European Union, and Sub-Saharan states show that the European Union considers the development of human rights and appropriate social and economic conditions in the Sub-Saharan states as one of the most important factors addressing the migration crisis. The preventive approach as the efforts of the European Union to develop appropriate social and economic conditions in Sub-Saharan states is considered in this article, as well as its evolution and current condition. This article also considers pros and cons of this approach and the obstacles that this approach faces. The research methods include review of literature and documents, analytical and descriptive methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20crisis" title="migration crisis">migration crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preventive%20approach" title=" preventive approach"> preventive approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Saharan%20States" title=" Sub-Saharan States"> Sub-Saharan States</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20European%20Union" title=" the European Union"> the European Union</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97751/the-role-of-development-in-settling-migration-crisis-the-preventive-approach-of-the-european-union-in-relations-with-sub-saharan-african-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> Management of Gap Non-Union Following Tumour Resection of the Distal Femur</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajendra%20Kumar%20Kanojia">Rajendra Kumar Kanojia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Correction of the gap created by the resection of large juxtra-articular tumours of the femur would be difficult to manage, several bone substitutes, bone grafts, and artificial bone granules were tried but the results were not as good as with the distraction osteogensis, by the help of either Ilizarov ring fixator or the mono-rail fixators. We are presenting a small study of five cases of malignant tumours of the distal femur, removed, custom made mega prosthesis was applied and that failed twice in a span of five years. We had no better option left then to apply mono-rail fixator, and start the process of distraction osteogeneis, we got the union, gap was filled with new bone and patient has been made walking in few months. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distal%20femur%20tumour" title="distal femur tumour">distal femur tumour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resection" title=" resection"> resection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect%20non-union" title=" defect non-union"> defect non-union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mono-rail%20fixator" title=" mono-rail fixator"> mono-rail fixator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36436/management-of-gap-non-union-following-tumour-resection-of-the-distal-femur" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Economic Conflict between the United Kingdom and the European Community 1945-1975 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumia%20Hebbri">Soumia Hebbri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between Britain and the European Union is phenomenally complex with a great opposition to Europe in the British Conservative and Labour Parties emerged since 1945. During the history and development of the European Union, Europe saw a lack of British involvement until 1961, after refusing to sign the Treaties of Rome of 1957 for being a member of the European Economic Community. Britain then applied to join the EEC in 1961 under Harold Macmillan’s Conservative Government, its application led by the Chief Negotiator Edward Heath. This application was vetoed by President de Gaulle. With de Gaulle out of power Britain. finally could joined in 1973. But again Labour and conservative both found themselves divided on the issue and they hold a referendum under labour on whether to continue the UK’s membership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20European%20Union" title="the European Union">the European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20British" title=" the British"> the British</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20community" title=" economic community"> economic community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de%20Gaulle" title=" de Gaulle"> de Gaulle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28839/economic-conflict-between-the-united-kingdom-and-the-european-community-1945-1975" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> A Historical Overview of the General Implementation of the European Union Market Abuse Directive in the United Kingdom before the Brexit and Its Future Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howard%20Chitimira">Howard Chitimira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The European Union (EU) was probably the first body to establish multinational anti-market abuse laws aimed at enhancing the detection and curbing of cross-border market abuse activities in its member states. Put differently, the EU Insider Dealing Directive was adopted in 1989 and was the first law that harmonised the insider trading ban among the EU member states. Thereafter, the European Union Directive on Insider Dealing and Market Manipulation (EU Market Abuse Directive) was adopted in a bid to improve and effectively discourage all the forms of market abuse in the EU’s securities and financial markets. However, the EU Market Abuse Directive had its own gaps and flaws. In light of this, the Market Abuse Regulation and the Criminal Sanctions for Market Abuse Directive were enacted to repeal and replace the EU Market Abuse Directive in 2016. The article examines the adequacy of the EU Market Abuse Directive and its implementation in the United Kingdom (UK) prior to the British exit (Brexit). This is done to investigate the possible implications of the Brexit referendum outcome of 23 June 2016 on the future regulation of market abuse in the UK. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20abuse" title="market abuse">market abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insider%20trading" title=" insider trading"> insider trading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20manipulation" title=" market manipulation"> market manipulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20Kingdom" title=" United Kingdom"> United Kingdom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72376/a-historical-overview-of-the-general-implementation-of-the-european-union-market-abuse-directive-in-the-united-kingdom-before-the-brexit-and-its-future-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Socio-Economic Problems in Treatment of Non-Union Both Bones Fracture of the Leg: A Retrospective Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajendra%20Kumar%20Kanojia">Rajendra Kumar Kanojia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Treatment of fracture both bones of leg following trauma is done intially at nearby primary health care center.primary management for shock,pain,control of bleeding,plaster application. These are treated for primay fixation of fracture, debridment of wound. Then, they were refered to tertiary care where they were again and planned for further treatment. This leads to loss of lot of time, money, job, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20both%20bones%20leg" title="fracture both bones leg">fracture both bones leg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-union" title=" non-union"> non-union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ilizarov" title=" ilizarov"> ilizarov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19616/socio-economic-problems-in-treatment-of-non-union-both-bones-fracture-of-the-leg-a-retrospective-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">576</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> Collective Bargaining Agreement with Its Related Factors and Employees’ Perceived Productivity: The Case of an Academic Institution in Davao City, Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amylyn%20F.%20Labasano">Amylyn F. Labasano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Econ"> M. S. Econ</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study predicts the impact of collective bargaining agreement and its related factors on employees’ perceived productivity in terms of union-management relation’s climate, income, fringe benefits, and job satisfaction of the employees. It also determines whether there are significant differences in the employees’ perceived productivity based on the demographic characteristics of the respondents. The results revealed that the relationship climate which exists between the union and the management is found to have significant adverse effect on the average unpaid hours spent by employees working within the college. On the other hand, the total monthly wage earnings of employees have negative effect on the average hours an employee spent in bringing his work home while job satisfaction positively influences the overall productivity level of employees. The result further shows significant differences in the productivity level of employees across civil status and current designation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20productivity" title="perceived productivity">perceived productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20bargaining%20agreement" title=" collective bargaining agreement"> collective bargaining agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=union" title=" union"> union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=union-management%20relations%20climate" title=" union-management relations climate"> union-management relations climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income" title=" income"> income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fringe%20benefits" title=" fringe benefits"> fringe benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20satisfaction" title=" job satisfaction"> job satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12050/collective-bargaining-agreement-with-its-related-factors-and-employees-perceived-productivity-the-case-of-an-academic-institution-in-davao-city-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Adapted Intersection over Union: A Generalized Metric for Evaluating Unsupervised Classification Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prajwal%20Prakash%20Vasisht">Prajwal Prakash Vasisht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharath%20Rajamurthy"> Sharath Rajamurthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishanth%20Dara"> Nishanth Dara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a supervised machine learning approach, metrics such as precision, accuracy, and coverage can be calculated using ground truth labels to help in model tuning, evaluation, and selection. In an unsupervised setting, however, where the data has no ground truth, there are few interpretable metrics that can guide us to do the same. Our approach creates a framework to adapt the Intersection over Union metric, referred to as Adapted IoU, usually used to evaluate supervised learning models, into the unsupervised domain, which solves the problem by factoring in subject matter expertise and intuition about the ideal output from the model. This metric essentially provides a scale that allows us to compare the performance across numerous unsupervised models or tune hyper-parameters and compare different versions of the same model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20metric" title="general metric">general metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsupervised%20learning" title=" unsupervised learning"> unsupervised learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection%20over%20union" title=" intersection over union"> intersection over union</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185432/adapted-intersection-over-union-a-generalized-metric-for-evaluating-unsupervised-classification-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">691</span> The Intersection/Union Region Computation for Drosophila Brain Images Using Encoding Schemes Based on Multi-Core CPUs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Yang%20Guo">Ming-Yang Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Xian%20Wu"> Cheng-Xian Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Xiang%20Chen"> Wei-Xiang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Yuan%20Lin"> Chun-Yuan Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen-Jen%20Lin"> Yen-Jen Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann-Shyn%20Chiang"> Ann-Shyn Chiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With more and more Drosophila Driver and Neuron images, it is an important work to find the similarity relationships among them as the functional inference. There is a general problem that how to find a Drosophila Driver image, which can cover a set of Drosophila Driver/Neuron images. In order to solve this problem, the intersection/union region for a set of images should be computed at first, then a comparison work is used to calculate the similarities between the region and other images. In this paper, three encoding schemes, namely Integer, Boolean, Decimal, are proposed to encode each image as a one-dimensional structure. Then, the intersection/union region from these images can be computed by using the compare operations, Boolean operators and lookup table method. Finally, the comparison work is done as the union region computation, and the similarity score can be calculated by the definition of Tanimoto coefficient. The above methods for the region computation are also implemented in the multi-core CPUs environment with the OpenMP. From the experimental results, in the encoding phase, the performance by the Boolean scheme is the best than that by others; in the region computation phase, the performance by Decimal is the best when the number of images is large. The speedup ratio can achieve 12 based on 16 CPUs. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology under the grant MOST 106-2221-E-182-070. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drosophila%20driver%20image" title="Drosophila driver image">Drosophila driver image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drosophila%20neuron%20images" title=" Drosophila neuron images"> Drosophila neuron images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection%2Funion%20computation" title=" intersection/union computation"> intersection/union computation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20processing" title=" parallel processing"> parallel processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenMP" title=" OpenMP"> OpenMP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89335/the-intersectionunion-region-computation-for-drosophila-brain-images-using-encoding-schemes-based-on-multi-core-cpus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epiphyseal%20union&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epiphyseal%20union&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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