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id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Investigation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reconstruction </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reconstruction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reconstruction subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fundraising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fundraising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Fundraising </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fundraising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Notre-Dame fire</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" > 57 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_in_die_Notre-Dame_van_Parys" title="Brand in die Notre-Dame van Parys – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brand in die Notre-Dame van Parys" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_2019" title="حريق كاتدرائية نوتردام دو باري 2019 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حريق كاتدرائية نوتردام دو باري 2019" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quema_de_la_catedral_de_Notre-Dame_de_Par%C3%ADs" title="Quema de la catedral de Notre-Dame de París – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Quema de la catedral de Notre-Dame de París" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Notr-Dam_kils%C9%99sind%C9%99_yan%C4%9F%C4%B1n_(2019)" title="Paris Notr-Dam kilsəsində yanğın (2019) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paris Notr-Dam kilsəsində yanğın (2019)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Пажар у саборы Парыжскай Божай Маці – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пажар у саборы Парыжскай Божай Маці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Пажар у катэдры Парыскай Божай Маці – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пажар у катэдры Парыскай Божай Маці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B2_%E2%80%9E%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%E2%80%9C_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6)" title="Пожар в „Света Богородица“ (Париж) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пожар в „Света Богородица“ (Париж)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendi_de_la_catedral_de_Notre-Dame_de_Par%C3%ADs" title="Incendi de la catedral de Notre-Dame de París – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Incendi de la catedral de Notre-Dame de París" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%BE%C3%A1r_katedr%C3%A1ly_Notre-Dame" title="Požár katedrály Notre-Dame – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Požár katedrály Notre-Dame" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branden_i_Notre_Dame" title="Branden i Notre Dame – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Branden i Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_von_Notre-Dame_in_Paris_2019" title="Brand von Notre-Dame in Paris 2019 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brand von Notre-Dame in Paris 2019" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame%27i_tulekahju" title="Notre-Dame'i tulekahju – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Notre-Dame'i tulekahju" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Πυρκαγιά στην Παναγία των Παρισίων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυρκαγιά στην Παναγία των Παρισίων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendio_de_la_catedral_de_Notre_Dame_de_Par%C3%ADs" title="Incendio de la catedral de Notre Dame de París – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Incendio de la catedral de Notre Dame de París" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendio_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_en_2019" title="Incendio de Notre-Dame de Paris en 2019 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Incendio de Notre-Dame de Paris en 2019" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parisko_Notre-Dame_katedralaren_sutea" title="Parisko Notre-Dame katedralaren sutea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Parisko Notre-Dame katedralaren sutea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="آتش‌سوزی کلیسای نوتردام پاریس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتش‌سوزی کلیسای نوتردام پاریس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendie_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A2n_fan_de_Notre-Dame_fan_Parys" title="Brân fan de Notre-Dame fan Parys – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brân fan de Notre-Dame fan Parys" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendio_da_catedral_de_Notre-Dame_de_Par%C3%ADs" title="Incendio da catedral de Notre-Dame de París – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Incendio da catedral de Notre-Dame de París" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%B4_%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1%EB%8B%B9_%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC" title="노트르담 대성당 화재 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노트르담 대성당 화재" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B0_%D5%93%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB_%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հրդեհ Փարիզի Աստվածամոր տաճարում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրդեհ Փարիզի Աստվածամոր տաճարում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%BEar_u_katedrali_Notre-Dame" title="Požar u katedrali Notre-Dame – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Požar u katedrali Notre-Dame" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebakaran_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Kebakaran Notre-Dame de Paris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebakaran Notre-Dame de Paris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendio_della_cattedrale_di_Notre-Dame" title="Incendio della cattedrale di Notre-Dame – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Incendio della cattedrale di Notre-Dame" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%AA%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9D" title="השרפה בקתדרלת נוטרדאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השרפה בקתדרלת נוטרדאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(2019)" title="პარიზის ღვთისმშობლის ტაძრის ხანძარი (2019) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პარიზის ღვთისმშობლის ტაძრის ხანძარი (2019)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugunsgr%C4%93ks_Par%C4%ABzes_Dievm%C4%81tes_katedr%C4%81l%C4%93" title="Ugunsgrēks Parīzes Dievmātes katedrālē – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ugunsgrēks Parīzes Dievmātes katedrālē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendi_de_Notre_Dame_a_Paris_del_2019" title="Incendi de Notre Dame a Paris del 2019 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Incendi de Notre Dame a Paris del 2019" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-es_Notre-Dame-t%C5%B1zeset" title="2019-es Notre-Dame-tűzeset – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="2019-es Notre-Dame-tűzeset" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7)" title="Пожар во Богородичната црква (Париз) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пожар во Богородичната црква (Париз)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%97" title="नोत्र देम दे पॅरिस आग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नोत्र देम दे पॅरिस आग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_2019" title="حريقة كاتدرائية نوتردام دى بارى 2019 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حريقة كاتدرائية نوتردام دى بارى 2019" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebakaran_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Kebakaran Notre-Dame de Paris – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kebakaran Notre-Dame de Paris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_ni%C3%A8ng_B%C4%83-l%C3%A0%CC%A4_S%C3%A9ng-m%C5%AB-i%C3%AAng_s%C3%A9k-hu%C5%8Di" title="2019 nièng Bă-là̤ Séng-mū-iêng sék-huōi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="2019 nièng Bă-là̤ Séng-mū-iêng sék-huōi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_in_de_Notre-Dame_van_Parijs" title="Brand in de Notre-Dame van Parijs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brand in de Notre-Dame van Parijs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82%E3%81%AE%E7%81%AB%E7%81%BD" title="ノートルダム大聖堂の火災 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノートルダム大聖堂の火災" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%BCar_katedry_Notre-Dame_w_Pary%C5%BCu" title="Pożar katedry Notre-Dame w Paryżu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pożar katedry Notre-Dame w Paryżu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inc%C3%AAndio_da_Catedral_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Incêndio da Catedral de Notre-Dame de Paris – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Incêndio da Catedral de Notre-Dame de Paris" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendiul_de_la_catedrala_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_din_2019" title="Incendiul de la catedrala Notre-Dame de Paris din 2019 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Incendiul de la catedrala Notre-Dame de Paris din 2019" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пожар в соборе Парижской Богоматери – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пожар в соборе Парижской Богоматери" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame_fire" title="Notre-Dame fire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Notre-Dame fire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%BEiar_katedr%C3%A1ly_Notre-Dame_v_Par%C3%AD%C5%BEi" title="Požiar katedrály Notre-Dame v Paríži – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Požiar katedrály Notre-Dame v Paríži" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Пожар у катедрали Нотр Дам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пожар у катедрали Нотр Дам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%BEar_u_katedrali_Notre_Dame" title="Požar u katedrali Notre Dame – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Požar u katedrali Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariisin_Notre-Damen_katedraalin_tulipalo_2019" title="Pariisin Notre-Damen katedraalin tulipalo 2019 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pariisin Notre-Damen katedraalin tulipalo 2019" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branden_i_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Branden i Notre-Dame de Paris – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Branden i Notre-Dame de Paris" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunog_sa_Notre-Dame_ng_Paris" title="Sunog sa Notre-Dame ng Paris – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sunog sa Notre-Dame ng Paris" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA" title="เหตุเพลิงไหม้อาสนวิหารน็อทร์-ดามแห่งปารีส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เหตุเพลิงไหม้อาสนวิหารน็อทร์-ดามแห่งปารีส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_yang%C4%B1n%C4%B1" title="Notre Dame yangını – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Notre Dame yangını" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Пожежа в Соборі Паризької Богоматері – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пожежа в Соборі Паризької Богоматері" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%92_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B2%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="نوٹرے ڈیم کیتھیڈرل آتشزدگی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوٹرے ڈیم کیتھیڈرل آتشزدگی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%A5_h%E1%BB%8Fa_ho%E1%BA%A1n_nh%C3%A0_th%E1%BB%9D_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_B%C3%A0_Paris" title="Vụ hỏa hoạn nhà thờ Đức Bà Paris – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vụ hỏa hoạn nhà thờ Đức Bà Paris" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E4%BA%A5%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E4%B9%8B%E7%81%AB" title="己亥巴黎聖母院之火 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="己亥巴黎聖母院之火" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB" title="巴黎圣母院大火 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴黎圣母院大火" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E7%81%AB%E7%87%AD" title="巴黎聖母院火燭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴黎聖母院火燭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB" title="巴黎圣母院大火 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴黎圣母院大火" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Notre-Dame_fire&params=48.8530_N_2.3500_E_type:event_region:FR">48°51′11″N 2°21′00″E / 48.8530°N 2.3500°E / 48.8530; 2.3500</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2019 church fire in Paris, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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/></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendie_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" class="extiw" title="fr:Incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris">the corresponding article</a> in French. (January 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions.</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You must provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Notre-Dame_fire" title="Talk:Notre-Dame fire">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Needs update with respect to the current state of the restoration of items and relics along with information about its reopening. Also needs conversion of some sentences from future to present or past tense. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Notre-Dame fire</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><a href="/wiki/File:Incendie_Notre_Dame_de_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Incendie_Notre_Dame_de_Paris.jpg/240px-Incendie_Notre_Dame_de_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Incendie_Notre_Dame_de_Paris.jpg/360px-Incendie_Notre_Dame_de_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Incendie_Notre_Dame_de_Paris.jpg/480px-Incendie_Notre_Dame_de_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Notre-Dame de Paris aflame as seen from <a href="/wiki/Square_Ren%C3%A9-Viviani" title="Square René-Viviani">Square René-Viviani</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_department_land_cover_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Notre-Dame Cathedral is located in Paris"><img alt="Notre-Dame Cathedral is located in Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Paris_department_land_cover_location_map.svg/250px-Paris_department_land_cover_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Paris_department_land_cover_location_map.svg/375px-Paris_department_land_cover_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Paris_department_land_cover_location_map.svg/500px-Paris_department_land_cover_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="893" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.889%;left:52.305%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Notre-Dame Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Reddot.svg/6px-Reddot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Reddot.svg/9px-Reddot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Reddot.svg/12px-Reddot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="402" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Notre-Dame Cathedral</div></div></div></div><div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">Notre-Dame Cathedral (Paris)</div>Show map of Paris</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Notre-Dame Cathedral is located in France"><img alt="Notre-Dame Cathedral is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/250px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/375px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/500px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.21%;left:51.581%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Notre-Dame Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Notre-Dame Cathedral</div></div></div></div><div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">Notre-Dame Cathedral (France)</div>Show map of France</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">15 April 2019; 5 years ago (2019-04-15)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">18:18 <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a> (16:18 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">15 hours<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Notre-Dame_fire&params=48.8530_N_2.3500_E_type:event_region:FR">48°51′11″N 2°21′00″E / 48.8530°N 2.3500°E / 48.8530; 2.3500</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Unknown (possibly accidental)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">0<a href="#cite_note-gutted-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Non-fatal injuries</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">3<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_dontknow-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnbc1-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Property damage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Roof and spire destroyed; windows and vaulted ceilings damaged</td></tr></tbody></table> On 15 April 2019, at 18:18 <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Structural_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural fire">structural fire</a> broke out in the roof space of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a>, a medieval Catholic <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France. By the time the fire was extinguished, <a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris">the cathedral's wooden spire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A8che_(architecture)" title="Flèche (architecture)">flèche</a>) had collapsed, most of the wooden roof had been destroyed, and the cathedral's upper walls were severely damaged. Extensive damage to the interior was prevented by the <a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">vaulted</a> stone ceiling, which largely contained the burning roof as it collapsed. Many works of art and religious relics were moved to safety, but others suffered smoke damage, and some of the exterior art was damaged or destroyed. The cathedral's <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">pipe organs</a>, and three 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Rose_window" title="Rose window">rose windows</a> suffered little or no damage. Three emergency workers were injured. The fire contaminated the site and nearby areas of Paris with toxic dust and lead.<a href="#cite_note-plume-5">[5]</a> Notre-Dame did not hold a Christmas <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> in 2019, for the first time since 1803.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Investigators in 2020 believed the fire to have been "started by either a cigarette or a short circuit in the electrical system".<a href="#cite_note-Waldek-7">[7]</a> On 17 April, French president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> set a five-year deadline to restore the cathedral.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> By September 2021, donors had contributed over €840 million to the rebuilding effort.<a href="#cite_note-alarabiya20210922-9">[9]</a> The cathedral <a href="/wiki/Reopening_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris">reopened</a> on 7 December 2024.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-ap_reopening-11">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> The construction of the Catholic cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris ("Our Lady of Paris"), part of the "Paris, Banks of the Seine" <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> began in the 12th century. Its walls and interior <a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">vaulted ceiling</a> are of stone; its roof and <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A8che_(architecture)" title="Flèche (architecture)">flèche</a> (spire) were of wood (much of it 13th-century oak),<a href="#cite_note-Monde16Avril-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> sheathed in lead<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> to exclude water. The spire was rebuilt several times, most recently in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The cathedral's stonework has been severely eroded by years of weather and pollution,<a href="#cite_note-cbs_undergoing-18">[18]</a> and the spire had extensively rotted because fissures in its lead sheathing were admitting water.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The roof timbers were dry, spongy and powdery with age.<a href="#cite_note-six_questions-20">[20]</a> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(France)" title="Ministry of Culture (France)">Ministry of Culture</a> estimated needed renovations at €150 million, and in 2016 the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Paris" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris">Archdiocese of Paris</a> launched an appeal to raise €100 million over the following five to ten years. At the time of the fire, the spire was undergoing restoration<a href="#cite_note-cbs_undergoing-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and scaffolding was being erected over the <a href="/wiki/Transept" title="Transept">transept</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Extensive attention had been given to the risk of fire at the cathedral. The <a href="/wiki/Paris_Fire_Brigade" title="Paris Fire Brigade">Paris Fire Brigade</a> drilled regularly to prepare for emergencies there, including on-site exercises in 2018; a firefighter was posted to the cathedral each day; and <a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">fire wardens</a> checked conditions beneath the roof three times daily.<a href="#cite_note-forest-25">[25]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-center" style="padding: 0"><div class="title"><div>Structural elements relevant to the fire</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre-Dame_de_Paris_composite_transverse_section.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timber in red, stone in blue. Left: tower, with framework and bells; centre (top to bottom, with spire shown behind): lead roof, timber roof trusses, stone ceiling vault, nave; right: exterior walls and flying buttresses. (Annotations)"><img alt="Timber in red, stone in blue. Left: tower, with framework and bells; centre (top to bottom, with spire shown behind): lead roof, timber roof trusses, stone ceiling vault, nave; right: exterior walls and flying buttresses. (Annotations)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_composite_transverse_section.svg/180px-Notre-Dame_de_Paris_composite_transverse_section.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_composite_transverse_section.svg/271px-Notre-Dame_de_Paris_composite_transverse_section.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_composite_transverse_section.svg/361px-Notre-Dame_de_Paris_composite_transverse_section.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="1494" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Timber in red, stone in blue. Left: tower, with framework and bells; centre (top to bottom, with <a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Notre_Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Spire of Notre Dame de Paris">spire</a> shown behind): lead roof, timber <a href="/wiki/Roof_truss" class="mw-redirect" title="Roof truss">roof trusses</a>, stone ceiling vault, nave; right: exterior walls and <a href="/wiki/Flying_buttresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying buttresses">flying buttresses</a>. (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Notre-Dame_de_Paris_composite_transverse_section.svg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Notre-Dame de Paris composite transverse section.svg">Annotations</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NOTRE_DAME_DE_PARIS_May_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of nave showing rib vaulting; in walls are clerestory windows (top), arches to triforium (middle), and arches to side aisles (bottom)."><img alt="Interior of nave showing rib vaulting; in walls are clerestory windows (top), arches to triforium (middle), and arches to side aisles (bottom)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NOTRE_DAME_DE_PARIS_May_2012.jpg/216px-NOTRE_DAME_DE_PARIS_May_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NOTRE_DAME_DE_PARIS_May_2012.jpg/324px-NOTRE_DAME_DE_PARIS_May_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NOTRE_DAME_DE_PARIS_May_2012.jpg/432px-NOTRE_DAME_DE_PARIS_May_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1296" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a> showing <a href="/wiki/Rib_vault" title="Rib vault">rib vaulting</a>; in walls are <a href="/wiki/Clerestory" title="Clerestory">clerestory</a> windows (top), arches to <a href="/wiki/Triforium" title="Triforium">triforium</a> (middle), and arches to <a href="/wiki/Side_aisle" class="mw-redirect" title="Side aisle">side aisles</a> (bottom).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 317.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 315.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_027.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Underside of rib vaulting, whose thrust outward onto the walls is countered by the inward thrust of the flying buttresses. If the vaulting had collapsed, the walls could have collapsed into the nave."><img alt="Underside of rib vaulting, whose thrust outward onto the walls is countered by the inward thrust of the flying buttresses. If the vaulting had collapsed, the walls could have collapsed into the nave." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_027.jpg/473px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_027.jpg" decoding="async" width="316" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_027.jpg/710px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_027.jpg/945px-20130214_-_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Les_nouvelles_cloches_-_027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4314" data-file-height="2876" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Underside of rib vaulting, whose thrust outward onto the walls is countered by the inward thrust of the flying buttresses. If the vaulting had collapsed, the walls could have collapsed into the nave.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 284px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 282px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Charpentes_Notre_Dame_2018_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timber roof framing; vaulted ceiling lies below walkways"><img alt="Timber roof framing; vaulted ceiling lies below walkways" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Charpentes_Notre_Dame_2018_6.jpg/423px-Charpentes_Notre_Dame_2018_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="282" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Charpentes_Notre_Dame_2018_6.jpg/634px-Charpentes_Notre_Dame_2018_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Charpentes_Notre_Dame_2018_6.jpg/845px-Charpentes_Notre_Dame_2018_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2529" data-file-height="1886" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Timber roof framing; vaulted ceiling lies below walkways</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 141.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 139.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E6%A5%BC%E9%A1%B6.%E6%B6%82%E9%B8%A62_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lead roof sheathing of one of the two towers"><img alt="Lead roof sheathing of one of the two towers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E6%A5%BC%E9%A1%B6.%E6%B6%82%E9%B8%A62_-_panoramio.jpg/209px-%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E6%A5%BC%E9%A1%B6.%E6%B6%82%E9%B8%A62_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E6%A5%BC%E9%A1%B6.%E6%B6%82%E9%B8%A62_-_panoramio.jpg/314px-%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E6%A5%BC%E9%A1%B6.%E6%B6%82%E9%B8%A62_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E6%A5%BC%E9%A1%B6.%E6%B6%82%E9%B8%A62_-_panoramio.jpg/418px-%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E6%A5%BC%E9%A1%B6.%E6%B6%82%E9%B8%A62_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lead roof sheathing of one of the two towers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre-Dame_(41443367785).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roof and spire. The Twelve Apostles and Four Evangelists statues at the spire's base had been removed for conservation four days before the fire."><img alt="Roof and spire. The Twelve Apostles and Four Evangelists statues at the spire's base had been removed for conservation four days before the fire." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Notre-Dame_%2841443367785%29.jpg/310px-Notre-Dame_%2841443367785%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Notre-Dame_%2841443367785%29.jpg/465px-Notre-Dame_%2841443367785%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Notre-Dame_%2841443367785%29.jpg/619px-Notre-Dame_%2841443367785%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5518" data-file-height="5614" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roof and spire. The <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">Twelve Apostles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Four Evangelists</a> statues at the spire's base had been removed for conservation four days before the fire.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fire">Fire</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fire">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_Braun_%26_Cie,_Notre_Dame_de_Paris,_ca._1930-crop,_change_chiaroscuro,_perspective,_add_color_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Maison_Braun_%26_Cie%2C_Notre_Dame_de_Paris%2C_ca._1930-crop%2C_change_chiaroscuro%2C_perspective%2C_add_color_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg/220px-Maison_Braun_%26_Cie%2C_Notre_Dame_de_Paris%2C_ca._1930-crop%2C_change_chiaroscuro%2C_perspective%2C_add_color_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Maison_Braun_%26_Cie%2C_Notre_Dame_de_Paris%2C_ca._1930-crop%2C_change_chiaroscuro%2C_perspective%2C_add_color_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg/330px-Maison_Braun_%26_Cie%2C_Notre_Dame_de_Paris%2C_ca._1930-crop%2C_change_chiaroscuro%2C_perspective%2C_add_color_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Maison_Braun_%26_Cie%2C_Notre_Dame_de_Paris%2C_ca._1930-crop%2C_change_chiaroscuro%2C_perspective%2C_add_color_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg/440px-Maison_Braun_%26_Cie%2C_Notre_Dame_de_Paris%2C_ca._1930-crop%2C_change_chiaroscuro%2C_perspective%2C_add_color_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8936" data-file-height="9496" /></a><figcaption>Notre-Dame de Paris <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1930, with <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A8che_(architecture)" title="Flèche (architecture)">flèche</a></figcaption></figure>Fire broke out in the attic beneath the cathedral's roof at 18:18.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20190719-26">[26]</a> At 18:20 the <a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_system" title="Fire alarm system">fire alarm</a> sounded and guards evacuated the cathedral;<a href="#cite_note-minutes-27">[27]</a> a guard was sent to investigate, but to the wrong location—the attic of the adjoining <a href="/wiki/Sacristy" title="Sacristy">sacristy</a>—where he found no fire. About fifteen minutes later the error was discovered, but by the time guards had climbed the three hundred steps to the cathedral attic the fire was well advanced.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20190719-26">[26]</a> The alarm system was not designed to automatically notify the fire brigade, which was summoned at 18:51 after the guards had returned.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes20190419-28">[28]</a> Firefighters arrived within ten minutes.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Police evacuated the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Île de la Cité">Île de la Cité</a>, the island in the river <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> where the cathedral is located.<a href="#cite_note-Nossiter-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> White smoke was seen rising from the roof,<a href="#cite_note-Nossiter-30">[30]</a> which turned black before flames appeared from the spire, then turned yellow.<a href="#cite_note-Nossiter-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hinnant-Petrequin-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firefighting">Firefighting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Firefighting">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fl%C3%A8che_en_feu_-_Spire_on_Fire.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fl%C3%A8che_en_feu_-_Spire_on_Fire.jpeg/170px-Fl%C3%A8che_en_feu_-_Spire_on_Fire.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fl%C3%A8che_en_feu_-_Spire_on_Fire.jpeg/255px-Fl%C3%A8che_en_feu_-_Spire_on_Fire.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fl%C3%A8che_en_feu_-_Spire_on_Fire.jpeg/340px-Fl%C3%A8che_en_feu_-_Spire_on_Fire.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="5208" /></a><figcaption>The spire aflame</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NDonFire_8773_(edited).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NDonFire_8773_%28edited%29.jpg/220px-NDonFire_8773_%28edited%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NDonFire_8773_%28edited%29.jpg/330px-NDonFire_8773_%28edited%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NDonFire_8773_%28edited%29.jpg/440px-NDonFire_8773_%28edited%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3568" data-file-height="2676" /></a><figcaption>Firefighters using a <a href="/wiki/Deluge_gun" title="Deluge gun">deluge gun</a></figcaption></figure> More than 400 firefighters were engaged;<a href="#cite_note-hard-34">[34]</a> another hundred government workers[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] moved precious objects to safety via <a href="/wiki/Bucket_brigade" title="Bucket brigade">a human chain</a><a href="#cite_note-forest-25">[25]</a> also including police and municipal workers.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_damage-35">[35]</a> The fire was primarily fought from inside the structure, which was more dangerous for personnel but reduced potential damage to the cathedral; applying water from outside risked deflecting flames and hot gases (at temperatures up to 800 °C or 1500 °F) inwards.<a href="#cite_note-six_questions-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deluge_gun" title="Deluge gun">Deluge guns</a><a href="#cite_note-hard-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> were used at lower-than-usual pressures to minimise damage to the cathedral and its contents,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> with water that was supplied by pump-boat from the Seine.<a href="#cite_note-forest-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fire_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris.jpg/220px-Fire_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fire_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris.jpg/330px-Fire_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fire_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris.jpg/440px-Fire_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption>The fire visible from afar</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Aerial_firefighting" title="Aerial firefighting">Aerial firefighting</a> was not used because water dropped from heights could have caused structural damage, and heated stone can crack if suddenly cooled.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Helicopters were not used because of dangerous <a href="/wiki/Updraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Updraft">updrafts</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hard-34">[34]</a> but <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a> were used for visual and <a href="/wiki/Thermal_imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal imaging">thermal imaging</a>, and robots were used for visual imaging and directing water streams.<a href="#cite_note-forest-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Molten lead falling from the roof posed a special hazard for firefighters.<a href="#cite_note-Nossiter-30">[30]</a> By 18:52, smoke was visible from outside; flames appeared in the next ten minutes, as firefighters arrived. The spire of the cathedral collapsed at 19:50, creating a draft that slammed all the doors and sent a fireball through the attic. Firefighters then retreated from within the attic and concentrated on fighting the fire from the ground.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20190719-26">[26]</a> Shortly before the spire fell, the fire had spread to the wooden framework inside the north tower, which supported <a href="/wiki/Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris">eight very large bells</a>. Had the bells fallen, it was thought that the damage done as they fell could have collapsed the north tower and then the south tower, and with them the entire cathedral. At 20:30, firefighters abandoned attempts to extinguish the roof and concentrated on saving the towers. Despite the risk of being caught in a collapse, a firefighter squad volunteered to attempt to put out the fire in the north tower, fighting from within and between the towers. Fourth Arrondissement Mayor Ariel Weil stated "At that point, it was clear that some firefighters were going to go into the cathedral without knowing if they would come back out." By 21:45 the fire was under control.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20190719-26">[26]</a> Adjacent apartment buildings were evacuated owing to concern about possible collapse,<a href="#cite_note-forest-25">[25]</a> but on 19 April the fire brigade ruled out that risk.<a href="#cite_note-april19rescue-42">[42]</a> One firefighter and two police officers were injured.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_dontknow-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnbc1-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Damage">Damage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Damage">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris">Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre_Dame_before_and_after_2019_fire.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Notre_Dame_before_and_after_2019_fire.gif/260px-Notre_Dame_before_and_after_2019_fire.gif" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Notre_Dame_before_and_after_2019_fire.gif/390px-Notre_Dame_before_and_after_2019_fire.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Notre_Dame_before_and_after_2019_fire.gif/520px-Notre_Dame_before_and_after_2019_fire.gif 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Animation showing the south facade before and after the fire; scaffolding had been erected as part of renovations underway when the fire started</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_and_environs_with_routes_from_London_to_Paris_handbook_for_travellers_(1913)_eingenordet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Paris_and_environs_with_routes_from_London_to_Paris_handbook_for_travellers_%281913%29_eingenordet.png/260px-Paris_and_environs_with_routes_from_London_to_Paris_handbook_for_travellers_%281913%29_eingenordet.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Paris_and_environs_with_routes_from_London_to_Paris_handbook_for_travellers_%281913%29_eingenordet.png/390px-Paris_and_environs_with_routes_from_London_to_Paris_handbook_for_travellers_%281913%29_eingenordet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Paris_and_environs_with_routes_from_London_to_Paris_handbook_for_travellers_%281913%29_eingenordet.png/520px-Paris_and_environs_with_routes_from_London_to_Paris_handbook_for_travellers_%281913%29_eingenordet.png 2x" data-file-width="4833" data-file-height="4188" /></a><figcaption>The area directly under the <a href="/wiki/Crossing_(architecture)" title="Crossing (architecture)">crossing</a> and two other cells of vaulting collapsed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm/220px--Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="40" data-mwtitle="Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_roof_damage_aerial.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>The roof reduced to piles of char atop the mostly intact vaults</figcaption></figure> Most of the wood/metal roof and the spire of the cathedral was destroyed, with about one third of the roof remaining.<a href="#cite_note-Nossiter-30">[30]</a> The remnants of the roof and spire fell atop the stone vault underneath, which forms the ceiling of the cathedral's interior.<a href="#cite_note-intact_vault-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Some sections of this vaulting collapsed in turn,<a href="#cite_note-intact_vault-43">[43]</a> allowing debris from the burning roof to fall to the marble floor below,<a href="#cite_note-minutes-27">[27]</a> but most sections remained intact owing to the use of <a href="/wiki/Rib_vault" title="Rib vault">rib vaulting</a>, greatly reducing damage to the cathedral's interior and objects within.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The cathedral contained a large number of artworks, religious relics, and other irreplaceable treasures,<a href="#cite_note-contents-46">[46]</a> including a <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns#France" title="Crown of thorns">crown of thorns</a> said to be the one Jesus wore at his crucifixion, a purported <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">piece of the cross</a> on which Jesus was crucified, the <a href="/wiki/Tunic_of_Saint_Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunic of Saint Louis">Tunic of Saint Louis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buncombe-48">[48]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris#Great_organ" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">much-rebuilt</a> pipe organ by <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Cavaill%C3%A9-Coll" title="Aristide Cavaillé-Coll">Aristide Cavaillé-Coll</a>, and the 14th-century <a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Paris" title="Virgin of Paris">Virgin of Paris</a> statue.<a href="#cite_note-contents-46">[46]</a> Some artwork had been removed in preparation for the renovations, and most of the cathedral's sacred relics were held in the adjoining sacristy, which the fire did not reach; all the cathedral's relics survived.<a href="#cite_note-april19rescue-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Some contents were moved by a human chain of emergency workers and civil servants.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_damage-35">[35]</a> Many valuables that were not removed also survived, but the state of many others remained unknown as of 16 April 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Monde16Avril-13">[13]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <a href="/wiki/Came" title="Came">Lead joints</a> in some of the 19th-century stained-glass windows melted,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_cot-51">[51]</a> but the three major rose windows, dating to the 13th century, were undamaged. One weakened window may need to be dismantled for safekeeping.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Several pews were destroyed, and the <a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">vaulted arches</a> were blackened by smoke, though the church's main cross and altar survived, along with the statues surrounding it.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Some paintings, apparently only smoke-damaged,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_cot-51">[51]</a> are expected to be transported to the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> for restoration. A number of statues, including those of the twelve Apostles at the base of the spire, had been removed in preparation for renovations.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buncombe-48">[48]</a> The rooster-shaped <a href="/wiki/Reliquary" title="Reliquary">reliquary</a> atop the spire was found damaged but intact among the debris.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The three pipe organs were not significantly damaged.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The largest of the cathedral's bells, the <a href="/wiki/Bourdon_(bell)" title="Bourdon (bell)">bourdon</a>, was not damaged.<a href="#cite_note-Monde16Avril-13">[13]</a> The liturgical treasury of the cathedral and the "grands <a href="/wiki/May_(painting)" title="May (painting)">Mays</a>" paintings were moved to safety.<a href="#cite_note-Monde16Avril-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environmental_damage">Environmental damage</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Environmental damage">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Airparif" title="Airparif">Airparif</a>, an air quality monitoring organization, said winds rapidly dispersed the smoke, carrying it away aloft along the Seine corridor. It did not find elevated levels of particulate air pollution at monitoring stations nearby.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The Paris police stated that there was no danger from breathing the air around the fire.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] The burned-down roof had been covered with over 400 <a href="/wiki/Metric_ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric ton">metric tons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lead_(metal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead (metal)">lead</a>.<a href="#cite_note-plume-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Settling dust substantially raised surface lead levels in some places nearby,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> notably the cordoned-off area and places left open during the fire.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Wet cleaning for surfaces<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> and blood tests for children and pregnant women were recommended in the immediate area.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> People working on the cathedral after the fire did not initially take the required lead precautions; materials leaving the site were decontaminated, but some clothing was not, and some precautions were not correctly followed; as a result, the worksite failed some inspections and was temporarily shut down.<a href="#cite_note-plume-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> There was also more widespread contamination; testing, cleanup, and public health advisories were delayed for months, and the neighbourhood was not decontaminated for four months, prompting widespread criticism.<a href="#cite_note-plume-5">[5]</a> Average lead levels in Paris streets are normally five times the indoor legal limit (1,000 micrograms per square metre (0.0014 gr/sq ft)) owing to historic uses of lead,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> principally from runoff from intact roofs.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The Health Ministry rules that children should not be exposed to more than 70 micrograms/m2 indoors. There is no legal limit for outdoor lead levels, which are often very heterogeneous; the Agence régionale de santé (ARS) d'Ile-de-France is not certain if some of the elevated levels being measured are connected to the fire.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> This lack of clarity and threshold-linked mandatory measures may have delayed action. In mid-July, regional health officials raised their outdoor guideline from 1000 <a href="/wiki/Micrograms" class="mw-redirect" title="Micrograms">micrograms</a>/m2 to 5000.<a href="#cite_note-plume-5">[5]</a> Rain can redistribute the lead dust.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Samples of honey collected in July 2019 revealed higher lead concentrations downwind from Notre-Dame and lead isotopes tagged the lead as originating from the fire and not other potential sources of pollutants.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactions">Reactions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hommage_sauveteurs_ND.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hommage_sauveteurs_ND.jpg/220px-Hommage_sauveteurs_ND.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hommage_sauveteurs_ND.jpg/330px-Hommage_sauveteurs_ND.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hommage_sauveteurs_ND.jpg/440px-Hommage_sauveteurs_ND.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Plaque in front of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville</a> in homage to the cathedral and those who helped save it</figcaption></figure> President Macron, postponing a speech to address the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow vests movement">yellow vests movement</a> planned for that evening,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> went to Notre-Dame and gave a brief address there.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Major religious leaders<a href="#cite_note-80">[a]</a> and representatives of numerous countries and international organisations<a href="#cite_note-111">[b]</a> extended condolences. Through the night of the fire and into the next day, people gathered along the Seine to hold vigils, sing and pray.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> Some commentators found deeper meaning in the fire, linking it with divine judgment or the decline of Western civilisation.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> The following Sunday at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Eustache,_Paris" title="Saint-Eustache, Paris">Saint-Eustache Church</a>, the Archbishop of Paris, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aupetit" title="Michel Aupetit">Michel Aupetit</a>, honoured the firefighters with the presentation of a book of scriptures saved from the fire.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigation">Investigation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Investigation">edit</a>]</div> On 16 April, the Paris prosecutor said that there was no evidence of a deliberate act.<a href="#cite_note-forest-25">[25]</a> The fire has been compared to the similar <a href="/wiki/1992_Windsor_Castle_fire" title="1992 Windsor Castle fire">1992 Windsor Castle fire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Uppark#Fire" title="Uppark">Uppark fire</a>, among others,<a href="#cite_note-monde20190416-117">[115]</a> and has raised old questions about the safety of similar structures and the techniques used to restore them.<a href="#cite_note-monde20190416-117">[115]</a> Renovation presents a fire risk from sparks, <a href="/wiki/Short_circuit" title="Short circuit">short circuits</a>, and heat from welding (roof repairs involved cutting and soldering lead sheets resting on timber<a href="#cite_note-six_questions-20">[20]</a>). Normally, no electrical material is allowed in the roof space because of the extreme fire risk.<a href="#cite_note-forest-25">[25]</a> The roof framing was made of very dry timber, often powdery with age.<a href="#cite_note-six_questions-20">[20]</a> After the fire, the architect responsible for fire safety at the cathedral acknowledged that the rate at which fire might spread had been underestimated, and experts said that it was well known that a fire in the roof would be almost impossible to control.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes20190419-28">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre-Dame_en_feu,_20h06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Notre-Dame_en_feu%2C_20h06.jpg/220px-Notre-Dame_en_feu%2C_20h06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Notre-Dame_en_feu%2C_20h06.jpg/330px-Notre-Dame_en_feu%2C_20h06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Notre-Dame_en_feu%2C_20h06.jpg/440px-Notre-Dame_en_feu%2C_20h06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4686" data-file-height="3002" /></a><figcaption>The fire seen from <a href="/wiki/Pont_de_la_Tournelle" title="Pont de la Tournelle">Pont de la Tournelle</a> </figcaption></figure> Of the firms working on the restoration,<a href="#cite_note-time-lapse-118">[116]</a> a Europe Echafaudage team was the only one working there on the day of the fire. The company claimed that no soldering or welding had occurred in the period just before the fire. The scaffolding was receiving electrical supply for temporary elevators and lighting.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-april19rescue-42">[42]</a> The roofing company Le Bras Frères claimed that it had followed procedure and that none of its personnel were on site when the fire began.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_damage-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time-lapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-lapse">Time-lapse</a> images taken by a camera installed by the roofing company showed smoke first rising from the base of the spire.<a href="#cite_note-time-lapse-118">[116]</a> On 25 April 2019, the structure was considered safe enough for entry of investigators, who unofficially stated that they were considering theories involving malfunction of the electric <a href="/wiki/Bell-ringer" title="Bell-ringer">bell-ringing</a> apparatus and cigarette butts discovered on the renovation scaffolding.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> Le Bras Frères confirmed that its workers had smoked cigarettes, contrary to regulations, but denied that a cigarette butt could have started the fire.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> The Paris prosecutor's office announced on 26 June that no evidence had been found to suggest a criminal motive.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> The security employee monitoring the alarm system was new on the job, and was working a second eight-hour shift that day because his relief had not arrived. Additionally, the fire alarm system used to locate fires was labeled in a confusing manner, which contributed to the initial confusion about the location of the fire.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20190719-26">[26]</a> By September, the determination of the exact origin of the fire started was expected to take a great deal more time and work.<a href="#cite_note-5moUpdate-124">[122]</a> By 15 April 2020, investigators believed the fire "to have been started by either a cigarette or a short circuit in the electrical system".<a href="#cite_note-Waldek-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstruction">Reconstruction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reconstruction">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chartres_roof_space_the_Charpente_de_Fer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Chartres_roof_space_the_Charpente_de_Fer.jpg/220px-Chartres_roof_space_the_Charpente_de_Fer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Chartres_roof_space_the_Charpente_de_Fer.jpg/330px-Chartres_roof_space_the_Charpente_de_Fer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Chartres_roof_space_the_Charpente_de_Fer.jpg/440px-Chartres_roof_space_the_Charpente_de_Fer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1589" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Chartres Cathedral</a> was rebuilt with wrought iron trusses and copper sheeting after an 1836 fire.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a></figcaption></figure> On the night of the fire, Macron said that the cathedral would be rebuilt, and launched an international fundraising campaign.<a href="#cite_note-gutted-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-ap-latest-126">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> France's cathedrals have been owned by the state since 1905,<a href="#cite_note-FT-129">[127]</a> and are not privately insured.<a href="#cite_note-FT-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-cbs_insured-130">[128]</a> The heritage conservation organisation <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_du_patrimoine" class="extiw" title="fr:Fondation du patrimoine">Fondation du Patrimoine</a> estimated the damage in the hundreds of millions of <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_damage-35">[35]</a> Although art in the building and multiple construction companies were insured, according to President Robert Leblanc,<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> losses from the fire are not expected to substantially affect the insurance industry.<a href="#cite_note-FT-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> European art insurers stated the cost would be similar to ongoing renovations of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a> in London, which was estimated to be around €7 billion.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_insurance-133">[131]</a> This cost does not include damage to any of the artwork or artefacts within the cathedral; art insurers said any pieces on loan from other museums would have been insured, but the works owned by the cathedral would not have been insurable.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_insurance-133">[131]</a> While Macron hoped the cathedral could be restored in time for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, experts expect the work could take from 10 to 40 years. The repairs must balance the desires to restore the look of the original building, to use wood and stone from the regions used in the original construction, and to use a structure that will not collapse again.<a href="#cite_note-cbs_insured-130">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> There is discussion of whether to reconstruct the cathedral in modified form.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> Rebuilding the roof with titanium sheets and steel trusses has been suggested;<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> other options include rebuilding in the original lead and wood,<a href="#cite_note-cbs_insured-130">[128]</a> rebuilding with modern materials not visible from the outside (like the reinforced concrete trusses at <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Reims Cathedral</a>),<a href="#cite_note-april19rescue-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> or using a combination of restored old elements and newly designed ones.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre-Dame_bach%C3%A9e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Notre-Dame_bach%C3%A9e.jpg/220px-Notre-Dame_bach%C3%A9e.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Notre-Dame_bach%C3%A9e.jpg/330px-Notre-Dame_bach%C3%A9e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Notre-Dame_bach%C3%A9e.jpg/440px-Notre-Dame_bach%C3%A9e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption>White <a href="/wiki/Tarpaulin" title="Tarpaulin">tarpaulins</a> over metal beams were quickly rigged to protect the interior from the elements. Nettings protect the destabilised exterior.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a></figcaption></figure> French prime minister <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a> announced an <a href="/wiki/Architectural_design_competition" title="Architectural design competition">architectural design competition</a> for a new spire "adapted to the techniques and the challenges of our era."<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris">spire replacement project</a> gathered a variety of designs and some controversy, particularly its legal exemption from environmental and heritage rules.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> After the design competition was announced, the French Senate amended the government's proposed restoration bill to require the roof to be restored to how it was before the fire.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> The National Assembly rejected this amendment, and on 16 July 2019, 95 days after the fire that destroyed the cathedral's roof and central spire, the law that governs the restoration of the cathedral was finally approved by the Parliament. It recognises its UNESCO World Heritage Site status and the need to respect existing international charters and practices, to "preserve the historic, artistic and architectural history of the monument", and to limit any derogations to the existing heritage, planning, environmental and construction codes to a minimum. It left the architectural form of the reconstruction and the spire design undetermined.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Georgelin" title="Jean-Louis Georgelin">Jean-Louis Georgelin</a>, a retired high-ranking French general, was appointed to oversee the cathedral's reconstruction; he died on 18 August 2023.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-mountainfall-147">[145]</a> On 15 April 2020, Germany offered to restore "some of the large clerestory windows located far above eye level" with three expert tradesmen who specialize in rebuilding cathedrals. <a href="/wiki/Monika_Gr%C3%BCtters" title="Monika Grütters">Monika Grütters</a>, Germany's Commissioner for Culture, was quoted as saying "her country would shoulder the costs".<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> On 15 April 2022, French president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> visited the cathedral as the country marked the third anniversary of the fire.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> Macron toured the site where works are being carried out to restore the iconic landmark and spoke to those undertaking the project about their progress so far. In the spring of 2022, eight workshops of master glassmakers and locksmiths, selected across France, began the process of cleaning and restoration of the cathedral's stained glass windows. The <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a> workshop from Germany joined the effort by restoring four of the stained glass windows.<a href="#cite_note-:0-150">[148]</a> Macron led a video unveiling of the reconstructed building on 29 November 2024, a week ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Reopening_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris">planned reopening</a> on 7 December 2024.<a href="#cite_note-ap_reopening-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fundraising">Fundraising</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fundraising">edit</a>]</div> As of 22 April 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit">[update]</a>, donations of over €1 billion had been pledged for the cathedral's reconstruction,<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> at least €880 million of that in less than a day after Macron's appeal.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> Pledges €10M and over include: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Arnault" title="Bernard Arnault">Arnault</a> family & <a href="/wiki/LVMH" title="LVMH">LVMH</a> (€200M)<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Bettencourt_Meyers" title="Françoise Bettencourt Meyers">Bettencourt</a> family & <a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al" title="L'Oréal">L'Oréal</a> (€200M)<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pinault" title="François Pinault">Pinault</a> family & <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Art%C3%A9mis" title="Groupe Artémis">Artémis</a> (€100M)<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Total S.A.">Total SA</a> (€100M)<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a></li> <li>Paris city government (€50M)<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cagnottelemonde2-159">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a> SA (€20M)<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Decaux" title="Jean-Claude Decaux">Decaux</a> family & <a href="/wiki/JCDecaux" title="JCDecaux">JCDecaux</a> (€20M)<a href="#cite_note-boursorama.com-161">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AXA" class="mw-redirect" title="AXA">AXA</a> SA (€10M)<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Safra" title="Lily Safra">Lily Safra</a> (€10M)<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bouygues" title="Martin Bouygues">Bouygues</a> family (€10M)<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Ladreit_de_Lacharri%C3%A8re" title="Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière">De Lacharrière</a> family & <a href="/wiki/FIMALAC" title="FIMALAC">FIMALAC</a> (€10M)<a href="#cite_note-Cagnottelemonde2-159">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> (€10M)<a href="#cite_note-Cagnottelemonde2-159">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a> (€10M)<a href="#cite_note-boursorama.com-161">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_BPCE" title="Groupe BPCE">BPCE</a> (€10M)<a href="#cite_note-boursorama.com-161">[159]</a></li></ul></div> There have been many additional pledges for smaller, or undisclosed, amounts.<a href="#cite_note-anger-165">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> A proposal by former minister <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Aillagon" title="Jean-Jacques Aillagon">Jean-Jacques Aillagon</a> that corporate donations for Notre-Dame should get a 90% tax deduction (rather than the standard 60%) was retracted after public outcry.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> Some donors have said they will not seek tax deductions.<a href="#cite_note-anger-165">[163]</a> Donors exempted from income tax (more than half of French taxpayers, including working- and middle-class) are not eligible for such deductions.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> As of 14 June 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit">[update]</a>, only €80 million had been collected.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-France24-170">[168]</a> The minister in charge of national museums and monuments, <a href="/wiki/Franck_Riester" title="Franck Riester">Franck Riester</a>, predicted that further donations would materialise as reconstruction work progressed,<a href="#cite_note-France24-170">[168]</a> though it was reported that some who made pledges have renounced them because fundraising has been so successful.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> By September 2021 at least 320,000 donors had contributed over €840 million to the rebuilding effort.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-alarabiya20210922-9">[9]</a> The current status of the restoration is posted regularly by the organisation the Friends of Notre-Dame de Paris.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> On December 7, 2024 <a href="/wiki/Reopening_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame was reopened</a> following the completion of reconstruction efforts.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/31px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/47px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/62px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/York_Minster_fire" title="York Minster fire">1984 York Minster fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mel%27s_Cathedral#2009_Christmas_Day_fire" title="St Mel's Cathedral">2009 St Mel's Cathedral fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuri_Castle#2019_fire" title="Shuri Castle">2019 Shuri Castle fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rsen#2024_fire" title="Børsen">2024 Børsen fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_and_renovation_fires" title="Construction and renovation fires">Construction and renovation fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_building_or_structure_fires" title="List of building or structure fires">List of building or structure fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_destroyed_heritage" title="List of destroyed heritage">List of destroyed heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fires_at_major_places_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fires at major places of worship">List of fires at major places of worship</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Including <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-PopeNews-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Tawadros_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria">Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria</a>,<a href="#cite_note-PopeNews-78">[78]</a> and the President of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Including Prime Minister of Italy <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a>,<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> of the United Kingdom,<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Prime Minister of the United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>,<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran <a href="/wiki/Javad_Zarif" class="mw-redirect" title="Javad Zarif">Javad Zarif</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> Chancellor of Germany <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Prime Minister of Spain <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a>,<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Prime Minister of the Netherlands <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a>, President of Portugal <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> President of Bulgaria <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Rumen Radev</a>,<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> President of Romania <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> Prime Minister of Hungary <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a>,<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> Prime Minister of Greece <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Alexis Tsipras</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Prime Minister of Canada <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>,<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>,<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> President of the People's Republic of China <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>,<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> President of Russia <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> President of Israel <a href="/wiki/Reuven_Rivlin" title="Reuven Rivlin">Reuven Rivlin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> King of Bahrain <a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> Prime Minister of Australia <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI of Morocco</a>,<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> President of Egypt <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> President of Latvia <a href="/wiki/Raimonds_V%C4%93jonis" title="Raimonds Vējonis">Raimonds Vējonis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> President of Ghana <a href="/wiki/Nana_Akufo-Addo" title="Nana Akufo-Addo">Nana Akufo-Addo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> President of Belarus <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a>,<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> United Nations Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a>,<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> President of the European Council <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a>,<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> and President of the European Commission <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-47943705">"Notre-Dame fire: Millions pledged to rebuild cathedral"</a>. BBC News. 16 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416040109/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-47943705">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Notre-Dame+fire%3A+Millions+pledged+to+rebuild+cathedral&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-47943705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gutted-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gutted_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gutted_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/notre-dame-cathedral-fire-extinguished-paris-landmark-gutted-live-updates-04-16-2019/">"France vows to rebuild Notre-Dame Cathedral after devastating fire"</a>. 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CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418202153/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/15/paris-notre-dame-cathedral-on-fire-reuters.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2019. 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Le Parisien (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416005330/http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/six-questions-sur-l-incendie-de-notre-dame-de-paris-15-04-2019-8054094.php">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. 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Retrieved 16 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Notre-Dame%3A+Fate+of+Priceless+Cultural+Treasures+Uncertain&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Stack%2C+Liam&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F04%2F15%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcrown-of-thorns-notre-dame.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuyonnet2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guyonnet, Paul (16 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/notre-dame-vitraux-rosaces-incendie_fr_5cb58dece4b082aab08b55e0">"Notre-Dame: Les vitraux des rosaces ont survécu à l'incendie"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Notre-Dame%3A+Les+vitraux+des+rosaces+ont+surv%C3%A9cu+%C3%A0+l%27incendie&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft.aulast=Guyonnet&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.fr%2Fentry%2Fnotre-dame-vitraux-rosaces-incendie_fr_5cb58dece4b082aab08b55e0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHignett2019" class="citation web cs1">Hignett, Katherine (16 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/notre-dame-rose-windows-fire-paris-cathedral-1397773">"Notre Dame 'miracle'? Rose windows' stained glass appears to have survived savage blaze"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416143859/https://www.newsweek.com/notre-dame-rose-windows-fire-paris-cathedral-1397773">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. 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Retrieved 23 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Notre-Dame%3A+%22attrist%C3%A9%22%2C+l%27Iran+pense+aux+%22Fran%C3%A7ais+et+%C3%A0+tous+les+catholiques%22&rft.date=2009-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2Fnotre-dame-attriste-l-iran-pense-aux-francais-et-a-tous-les-catholiques-20190416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-france-notredame-merkel/germanys-merkel-saddened-to-see-notre-dame-on-fire-idUKKCN1RR23W">"Germany's Merkel saddened to see Notre-Dame on fire"</a>. Reuters. 15 April 2019. 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AP News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415215916/https://apnews.com/5b7a4f7ba9d14f138e773a1cf18aede1">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2019. 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Canadians are thinking of our friends in France as you fight this devastating fire"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415225212/https://twitter.com/JustinTrudeau/status/1117872005724852224">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolutely+heartbreaking+to+see+the+Notre-Dame+Cathedral+in+flames.+Canadians+are+thinking+of+our+friends+in+France+as+you+fight+this+devastating+fire.&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft.aulast=Trudeau&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FJustinTrudeau%2Fstatus%2F1117872005724852224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/notre-dame-fire/h_27494efb1996ed06048054ccf19d283e">"President Trump on the 'terrible, terrible fire'"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Notre+Dame+Cathedral+unveils+its+new+interior+5+years+after+devastating+fire&rft.date=2024-11-29&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Leicester%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fparis-notre-dame-macron-fire-reconstruction-0a6c183693b55a55e0dc3a909000cb02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasert2019" class="citation news cs1">Casert, Raf (22 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/9d791857100b4eabb9f63a32a1c4cdaf">"Notre Dame fire was a warning bell. But will Europe listen?"</a>. AP News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423073824/https://www.apnews.com/9d791857100b4eabb9f63a32a1c4cdaf">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Notre+Dame+fire+was+a+warning+bell.+But+will+Europe+listen%3F&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft.aulast=Casert&rft.aufirst=Raf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F9d791857100b4eabb9f63a32a1c4cdaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNugent2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Nugent, Ciara (17 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5571518/notre-dame-donations/">"Pledges Reach Almost $1 Billion To Rebuild Paris' Notre Dame Cathedral"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423151848/http://time.com/5571518/notre-dame-donations/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Pledges+Reach+Almost+%241+Billion+To+Rebuild+Paris%27+Notre+Dame+Cathedral&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft.aulast=Nugent&rft.aufirst=Ciara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5571518%2Fnotre-dame-donations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-notredame-arnault/billionaire-arnaults-family-and-lvmh-to-donate-200-mln-euros-for-paris-notre-dame-idUSKCN1RS0H8">"Billionaire Arnault's family and LVMH to donate 200 mln euros for Paris' Notre-Dame"</a>. Reuters. 16 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416065656/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-notredame-arnault/billionaire-arnaults-family-and-lvmh-to-donate-200-mln-euros-for-paris-notre-dame-idUSKCN1RS0H8">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Billionaire+Arnault%27s+family+and+LVMH+to+donate+200+mln+euros+for+Paris%27+Notre-Dame&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-notredame-arnault%2Fbillionaire-arnaults-family-and-lvmh-to-donate-200-mln-euros-for-paris-notre-dame-idUSKCN1RS0H8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/notre-dame-lvmh-et-la-famille-arnault-annoncent-un-don-de-200-millions-d-euros-20190416">"Notre-Dame: LVMH et la famille Arnault annoncent un 'don de 200 millions d'euros'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French). 16 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416071632/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/notre-dame-lvmh-et-la-famille-arnault-annoncent-un-don-de-200-millions-d-euros-20190416">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Notre-Dame%3A+LVMH+et+la+famille+Arnault+annoncent+un+%27don+de+200+millions+d%27euros%27&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-eco%2Fnotre-dame-lvmh-et-la-famille-arnault-annoncent-un-don-de-200-millions-d-euros-20190416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/notre-dame-de-paris-la-famille-pinault-debloque-100-millions-d-euros-20190416">"Incendie à Notre-Dame: la famille Pinault débloque 100 millions d'euros"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French). 16 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417095409/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/notre-dame-de-paris-la-famille-pinault-debloque-100-millions-d-euros-20190416">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Incendie+%C3%A0+Notre-Dame%3A+la+famille+Pinault+d%C3%A9bloque+100+millions+d%27euros&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2Fnotre-dame-de-paris-la-famille-pinault-debloque-100-millions-d-euros-20190416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/france-total-fait-un-don-de-100-millions-d-euros-pour-notre-dame-de-paris-20190416">"France-Total fait un don de 100 millions d'euros pour Notre-Dame de Paris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French). 16 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416120814/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/france-total-fait-un-don-de-100-millions-d-euros-pour-notre-dame-de-paris-20190416">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=France-Total+fait+un+don+de+100+millions+d%27euros+pour+Notre-Dame+de+Paris&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-eco%2Ffrance-total-fait-un-don-de-100-millions-d-euros-pour-notre-dame-de-paris-20190416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courrier-picard.fr/178003/article/2019-04-16/notre-dame-la-mairie-de-paris-debloque-50-millions-deuros">"Notre-Dame: la mairie de Paris débloque 50 millions d'euros"</a>. courrier-picard.fr (in French). 16 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416123425/http://www.courrier-picard.fr/178003/article/2019-04-16/notre-dame-la-mairie-de-paris-debloque-50-millions-deuros">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=courrier-picard.fr&rft.atitle=Notre-Dame%3A+la+mairie+de+Paris+d%C3%A9bloque+50+millions+d%27euros&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courrier-picard.fr%2F178003%2Farticle%2F2019-04-16%2Fnotre-dame-la-mairie-de-paris-debloque-50-millions-deuros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cagnottelemonde2-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cagnottelemonde2_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cagnottelemonde2_159-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cagnottelemonde2_159-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/04/16/notre-dame-les-cagnottes-se-multiplient-et-macron-annonce-une-souscription-nationale_5450645_3224.html">"Notre-Dame de Paris: cagnottes, promesses de dons et souscription nationale pour financer la reconstruction"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 16 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416035552/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/04/16/notre-dame-les-cagnottes-se-multiplient-et-macron-annonce-une-souscription-nationale_5450645_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Notre-Dame+de+Paris%3A+cagnottes%2C+promesses+de+dons+et+souscription+nationale+pour+financer+la+reconstruction&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2019%2F04%2F16%2Fnotre-dame-les-cagnottes-se-multiplient-et-macron-annonce-une-souscription-nationale_5450645_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoca2019" class="citation news cs1">Roca, Cristina (17 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketscreener.com/BNP-PARIBAS-4618/news/BNP-Paribas-SocGen-Join-Notre-Dame-Donor-List-as-Pledges-Exceed-790-Million-28437868/">"BNP Paribas, SocGen Join Notre Dame Donor List as Pledges Exceed $790 Million"</a>. Market Screener. Dow Jones. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417120827/https://www.marketscreener.com/BNP-PARIBAS-4618/news/BNP-Paribas-SocGen-Join-Notre-Dame-Donor-List-as-Pledges-Exceed-790-Million-28437868/?utm_medium=RSS&utm_content=20190417">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Market+Screener&rft.atitle=BNP+Paribas%2C+SocGen+Join+Notre+Dame+Donor+List+as+Pledges+Exceed+%24790+Million&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft.aulast=Roca&rft.aufirst=Cristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketscreener.com%2FBNP-PARIBAS-4618%2Fnews%2FBNP-Paribas-SocGen-Join-Notre-Dame-Donor-List-as-Pledges-Exceed-790-Million-28437868%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-boursorama.com-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boursorama.com_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boursorama.com_161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boursorama.com_161-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417103328/https://www.boursorama.com/actualite-economique/actualites/le-secteur-prive-promet-autour-de-700-millions-d-euros-pour-reconstruire-notre-dame-2dd239e4d8c0d278d0c6425acf2a02bc">"Le secteur privé promet autour de 700 millions d'euros pour reconstruire Notre-Dame"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boursorama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boursorama (page does not exist)">Boursorama</a> (in French). Agence France-Presse (AFP). 16 April 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boursorama.com/actualite-economique/actualites/le-secteur-prive-promet-autour-de-700-millions-d-euros-pour-reconstruire-notre-dame-2dd239e4d8c0d278d0c6425acf2a02bc">the original</a> on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boursorama&rft.atitle=Le+secteur+priv%C3%A9+promet+autour+de+700+millions+d%27euros+pour+reconstruire+Notre-Dame&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boursorama.com%2Factualite-economique%2Factualites%2Fle-secteur-prive-promet-autour-de-700-millions-d-euros-pour-reconstruire-notre-dame-2dd239e4d8c0d278d0c6425acf2a02bc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axa.com/fr/newsroom/communiques-de-presse/axa-s-associe-a-l-elan-de-solidarite-apres-l-incendie-de-notre-dame-de-paris">"AXA s'associe à l'élan de solidarité après l'incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris"</a> (Press release) (in French). AXA. 16 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AXA+s%27associe+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9lan+de+solidarit%C3%A9+apr%C3%A8s+l%27incendie+de+Notre-Dame+de+Paris&rft.pub=AXA&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axa.com%2Ffr%2Fnewsroom%2Fcommuniques-de-presse%2Faxa-s-associe-a-l-elan-de-solidarite-apres-l-incendie-de-notre-dame-de-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dna.fr/actualite/2019/04/16/les-promesses-de-dons-affluent-pour-la-reconstruction-de-notre-dame">"Plus de 800 millions d'euros de dons pour la reconstruction de Notre-Dame"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Les_Derni%C3%A8res_Nouvelles_d%27Alsace" title="Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace">Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace</a> (in French). 16 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416113934/https://www.dna.fr/actualite/2019/04/16/les-promesses-de-dons-affluent-pour-la-reconstruction-de-notre-dame">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Les+Derni%C3%A8res+Nouvelles+d%27Alsace&rft.atitle=Plus+de+800+millions+d%27euros+de+dons+pour+la+reconstruction+de+Notre-Dame&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dna.fr%2Factualite%2F2019%2F04%2F16%2Fles-promesses-de-dons-affluent-pour-la-reconstruction-de-notre-dame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.la-croix.com/Economie/Entreprises-grandes-fortunes-mobilisent-reconstruction-Notre-Dame-2019-04-16-1301016005">"Entreprises et grandes fortunes se mobilisent pour la reconstruction de Notre-Dame"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Croix_(newspaper)" title="La Croix (newspaper)">La Croix</a> (in French). 16 April 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0242-6056">0242-6056</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416120223/https://www.la-croix.com/Economie/Entreprises-grandes-fortunes-mobilisent-reconstruction-Notre-Dame-2019-04-16-1301016005">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft.atitle=Entreprises+et+grandes+fortunes+se+mobilisent+pour+la+reconstruction+de+Notre-Dame&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft.issn=0242-6056&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com%2FEconomie%2FEntreprises-grandes-fortunes-mobilisent-reconstruction-Notre-Dame-2019-04-16-1301016005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-anger-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anger_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anger_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrequin2019" class="citation news cs1">Petrequin, Samuel (19 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/efb3aba4f029493a9b730d0b532c01bb">"Anger followed Notre Dame grief for yellow vest protesters"</a>. AP News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420031730/https://apnews.com/efb3aba4f029493a9b730d0b532c01bb">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Anger+followed+Notre+Dame+grief+for+yellow+vest+protesters&rft.date=2019-04-19&rft.aulast=Petrequin&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fefb3aba4f029493a9b730d0b532c01bb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rs.n1info.com/Vesti/a478180/Vlada-Srbije-uputila-Francuskoj-milion-evra-za-obnovu-katedrale-Notr-Dam.html">"Vlada Srbije uputila Francuskoj milion evra za obnovu katedrale Notr Dam"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=N1+Srbija&rft.atitle=Vlada+Srbije+uputila+Francuskoj+milion+evra+za+obnovu+katedrale+Notr+Dam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frs.n1info.com%2FVesti%2Fa478180%2FVlada-Srbije-uputila-Francuskoj-milion-evra-za-obnovu-katedrale-Notr-Dam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldermanErlanger2019" class="citation news cs1">Alderman, Liz; Erlanger, Steven (17 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/17/world/europe/yellow-vest-notre-dame-fire-donations.html">"As Rich Lavish Cash on Notre-Dame, Many Ask: What About the Needy?"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420191224/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/17/world/europe/yellow-vest-notre-dame-fire-donations.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=As+Rich+Lavish+Cash+on+Notre-Dame%2C+Many+Ask%3A+What+About+the+Needy%3F&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft.au=Erlanger%2C+Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F04%2F17%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fyellow-vest-notre-dame-fire-donations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReich2019" class="citation news cs1">Reich, Rob (19 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/19/donors-have-pledged-nearly-billion-euros-restore-notre-dame-you-may-not-want-thank-them/">"Donors have pledged nearly a billion euros to restore Notre Dame. You may not want to thank them"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 18 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Donors+have+pledged+nearly+a+billion+euros+to+restore+Notre+Dame.+You+may+not+want+to+thank+them.&rft.date=2019-04-19&rft.aulast=Reich&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F04%2F19%2Fdonors-have-pledged-nearly-billion-euros-restore-notre-dame-you-may-not-want-thank-them%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2019/06/14/apenas-9percent-das-promessas-de-doacoes-a-notre-dame-foram-cumpridas.ghtml">"Only 9% of the donation pledges to Notre-Dame have been fulfilled"</a>. <a href="/wiki/G1_(website)" title="G1 (website)">Global G1</a> (in Portuguese). 14 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+G1&rft.atitle=Only+9%25+of+the+donation+pledges+to+Notre-Dame+have+been+fulfilled&rft.date=2019-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fmundo%2Fnoticia%2F2019%2F06%2F14%2Fapenas-9percent-das-promessas-de-doacoes-a-notre-dame-foram-cumpridas.ghtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-France24-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-France24_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-France24_170-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190614-only-9-millions-pledged-notre-dame-handed-over">"Only 9% of millions pledged for Notre-Dame handed over"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. AFP. 14 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Only+9%25+of+millions+pledged+for+Notre-Dame+handed+over&rft.date=2019-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190614-only-9-millions-pledged-notre-dame-handed-over&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190615-paris-notre-dame-cathedral-first-mass-after-devastating-fire-france">"Paris's Notre-Dame Cathedral to hold first mass since devastating fire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. AFP. 15 June 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Paris%27s+Notre-Dame+Cathedral+to+hold+first+mass+since+devastating+fire&rft.date=2019-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190615-paris-notre-dame-cathedral-first-mass-after-devastating-fire-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOelze2020" class="citation web cs1">Oelze, Sabine (27 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://p.dw.com/p/3asWe">"Construction work on Notre Dame begins again"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">DW</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200428120607/https://www.dw.com/en/construction-work-on-notre-dame-begins-again/a-53118416">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW&rft.atitle=Construction+work+on+Notre+Dame+begins+again&rft.date=2020-04-27&rft.aulast=Oelze&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fp.dw.com%2Fp%2F3asWe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.friendsofnotredamedeparis.org/thank-you/">"Thank you for joining"</a>. Friends of Notre-Dame de Paris. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Friends+of+Notre-Dame+de+Paris&rft.atitle=Thank+you+for+joining&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.friendsofnotredamedeparis.org%2Fthank-you%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20241202-paris-prepares-to-host-world-leaders-catholic-bishops-at-high-security-reopening-of-notre-dame">"Paris prepares to host 50 heads of state at high-security reopening of Notre-Dame Cathedral"</a>. France 24. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Paris+prepares+to+host+50+heads+of+state+at+high-security+reopening+of+Notre-Dame+Cathedral&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Feurope%2F20241202-paris-prepares-to-host-world-leaders-catholic-bishops-at-high-security-reopening-of-notre-dame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame+fire" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_fire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2019_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_fire" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:2019 Notre-Dame de Paris fire">2019 Notre-Dame de Paris fire</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/en">Notre-Dame de Paris</a> – official site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.friendsofnotredamedeparis.org/">Friends of Notre-Dame de Paris</a> – official 501(c)(3) charity leading the international fundraising efforts to rebuild and restore Notre-Dame Cathedral</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/saving-notre-dame/">NOVA Series TV Show from PBS – Saving Notre Dame</a> – Scientists and engineers fight to save Notre Dame Cathedral after the 2019 fire</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/saving-notre-dame/">NOVA Series TV Show from PBS – Saving Notre Dame's Flying Buttresses</a> – Engineers install supports to the 14 Flying Buttresses to prevent their collapse after the 2019 fire; these supports stabilized the structure to allow for work on the interior – 3 minutes</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nga.gov/research/library/imagecollections/features/notre-dame.html">Before the Fire: Notre-Dame de Paris in Pictures</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Template:Notre-Dame de Paris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Template talk:Notre-Dame de Paris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Notre-Dame de Paris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Notre-Dame_de_Paris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Paris" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pillar_of_the_Boatmen" title="Pillar of the Boatmen">Pillar of the Boatmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Etienne,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saint Etienne, Paris">Saint-Étienne de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_school" title="Notre-Dame school">Notre-Dame school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Napoleon I">Coronation of Napoleon I</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Affair" title="Notre-Dame Affair">Notre-Dame Affair</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Notre_Dame_de_Paris" title="Musée de Notre Dame de Paris">Musée de Notre Dame de Paris</a> (1951–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_bombing_attempt" title="Notre-Dame de Paris bombing attempt">2016 bombing attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_attack" title="2017 Notre-Dame de Paris attack">2017 attack</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019 fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parvis_Notre-Dame_%E2%80%93_Place_Jean-Paul_II" title="Parvis Notre-Dame – Place Jean-Paul II">Parvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptures_in_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="List of sculptures in Notre-Dame de Paris">Sculptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris">Spire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris">Bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_(painting)" title="May (painting)">Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_of_Sainte-Chapelle" title="Relics of Sainte-Chapelle">Relics of Sainte-Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptures_in_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="List of sculptures in Notre-Dame de Paris">Sculptures</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Paris" title="Virgin of Paris">Virgin of Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt_of_Saint_Louis" title="Shirt of Saint Louis">Shirt of Saint Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Sully" title="Maurice de Sully">Maurice de Sully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Chelles" title="Jean de Chelles">Jean de Chelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Montreuil" title="Pierre de Montreuil">Pierre de Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Chelles" title="Pierre de Chelles">Pierre de Chelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lassus" title="Jean-Baptiste Lassus">Jean-Baptiste Lassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc">Eugène Viollet-le-Duc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tallon" title="Andrew Tallon">Andrew Tallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Georgelin" title="Jean-Louis Georgelin">Jean-Louis Georgelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Category:Burials at Notre-Dame de Paris">Burials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="The Coronation of Napoleon">The Coronation of Napoleon</a> (1807 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People" title="Liberty Leading the People">Liberty Leading the People</a> (1830 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">The Hunchback of Notre-Dame</a> (1831 novel, <a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame#Adaptations" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">adaptations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bohemian_(Bouguereau)" title="The Bohemian (Bouguereau)">The Bohemian</a> (1890 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Quai_Saint-Michel_and_Notre-Dame" title="The Quai Saint-Michel and Notre-Dame">The Quai Saint-Michel and Notre-Dame</a> (1901 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame,_une_fin_d%27apr%C3%A8s-midi" title="Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi">Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi</a> (1902 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_of_Notre-Dame" title="View of Notre-Dame">View of Notre-Dame</a> (1914 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Notre_Dame_de_Paris_Mosque" title="The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque">The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque</a> (2005 novel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed_Unity" title="Assassin's Creed Unity">Assassin's Creed Unity</a> (2014 video game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_on_Fire" title="Notre-Dame on Fire">Notre-Dame on Fire</a> (2022 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Île de la Cité">Île de la Cité</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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