CINXE.COM

Encyclopedia of Life

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir='ltr' lang='en'> <head> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="cZ1cLkIElSSIZb52qm0JrCkveu6JgSLyZAEjT795oV32KAr36TRF6K9jMfn6/awPIxxRugTChEGWKmqyboHbbQ==" /> <meta content='text/html; charset=UTF-8' http-equiv='Content-Type'> <meta content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1' name='viewport'> <title> Encyclopedia of Life </title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/button.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/dimmer.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/header.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/icon.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/image.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/input.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/label.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/loader.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/list.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/menu.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/dropdown.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/search.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/segment.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/statistic.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/sticky.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/transition.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/packs/css/stylesheets/application-1f29efcb.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/packs/css/stylesheets/user/sessions-f6d49bac.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/assets/jqcloud-f0639a0b65fbc9997c3a768b99fe8ee5611ffee32d1cf23083b63ee861bcc602.css" /> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.12.4.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha256-ZosEbRLbNQzLpnKIkEdrPv7lOy9C27hHQ+Xp8a4MxAQ=" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/corejs-typeahead/1.2.0/typeahead.bundle.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/uikit/3.1.6/js/uikit.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/uikit/3.1.6/js/uikit-icons.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/api.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/search.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/sticky.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/dimmer.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/dropdown.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/transition.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script> I18n = {}; I18n.defaultLocale = "en" I18n.locale = "en" </script> <script src="/packs/js/runtime-138760ce02a10efbb84f.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/packs/js/8915-b1697b29d0a6b6d6bf9f.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/packs/js/application-431428328720eaf3316c.js" defer="defer"></script> <script async src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-3298646-10'></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-3298646-10'); </script> <!-- START OF SmartSource Data Collector TAG v10.4.23 Copyright (c) 2018 Webtrends Inc. All rights reserved. --> <script> window.webtrendsAsyncInit=function(){ var dcs=new Webtrends.dcs().init({ dcsid:"dcsg0chobadzpxfga2extd7pb_7c2s", domain:"logs1.smithsonian.museum", timezone:-5, i18n:true, fpcdom:".eol.org", plugins:{ } }).track(); }; (function(){ var s=document.createElement("script"); s.async=true; s.src="https://www.si.edu/sites/all/modules/si_webtrends/js/webtrends.min.js"; var s2=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s2.parentNode.insertBefore(s,s2); }()); </script> <noscript> <img alt='dcsimg' height='1' id='dcsimg' src='//logs1.smithsonian.museum/dcsg0chobadzpxfga2extd7pb_7c2s/njs.gif?dcsuri=/nojavascript&amp;amp;WT.js=No&amp;amp;WT.tv=10.4.23&amp;amp;dcssip=www.eol.org' width='1'> </noscript> <!-- END OF SmartSource Data Collector TAG v10.4.23 --> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="Yx66YuShnxTOTfgjZfjgD+5A1XIy6xUKIohEFfArfBLkq+y7T5FP2OlLd6w1aEWs5HP+Jr+os7nQow3oIdMGIg==" /> </head> <body> <div id='mobile-menu' uk-offcanvas='overlay: true; flip: true'> <div class='uk-offcanvas-bar'> <ul class='uk-nav'> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol">About</a></li> <li><a href="http://education.eol.org">Education</a></li> <li><a href="http://discuss.eol.org">Discuss</a></li> <li><a href="/traitbank">TraitBank</a></li> <li><a href="/users/sign_in">Sign In</a></li> <li><a href="/users/sign_up">Sign Up</a></li> <li class='uk-nav-header'>Language</li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=de">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=en">English</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=es">Español</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=fr">français</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=it">italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=pms">Piemontèis</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=pt-BR">Português do Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=fi">suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=tr">Türkçe</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=cs">Čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=el">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=mk">македонски</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=uk">Українська</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=ar">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=zh-CN">简体中文</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=zh-TW">繁體中文</a></li> <li class='uk-nav-header'>names in breadcrumbs</li> <li> <form class="js-bread-type-toggle" action="/breadcrumb_type" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="VgzFjdUsFbYeNniPvoq56duw/fX5+d6Ibq/kTABUAldhejBVJ7TQSBt+ch72t9HUFDWpXRmBOsKg1gL/9HESaw==" autocomplete="off" /> <select name="type" id="type"><option selected="selected" value="0">vernacular</option> <option value="1">scientific</option></select> </form> </li> </ul> <div class='uk-offcanvas-close' uk-close></div> </div> </div> <div class='l-nav js-navbar'> <div class='nav-left'> <div class='nav-item nav-menu-anchor uk-visible@s'> <a class="nav-logo" href="/"><img alt="EOL" src="/assets/blue_logo-5c5dbb19100961ce1612fdb8fc090b944f11a79066a7163558d3ba52ecb36746.png" /></a> <span>&nbsp;</span> <i class='fa fa-chevron-down'></i> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; pos: bottom-left; offset: 0'> <ul class='uk-nav uk-dropdown-nav uk-nav-primary'> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol">About</a></li> <li><a href="http://education.eol.org">Education</a></li> <li><a href="http://discuss.eol.org">Discuss</a></li> <li><a href="/traitbank">TraitBank</a></li> <li><a href="/users/sign_in">Sign In</a></li> <li><a href="/users/sign_up">Sign Up</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class='nav-item nav-menu-anchor uk-visible@s'> <i class='fa fa-globe'></i> &nbsp; en &nbsp; <i class='fa fa-chevron-down'></i> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; pos: bottom-left; offset: 0'> <ul class='uk-nav uk-dropdown-nav'> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=de">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=en">English</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=es">Español</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=fr">français</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=it">italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=pms">Piemontèis</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=pt-BR">Português do Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=fi">suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=tr">Türkçe</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=cs">Čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=el">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=mk">македонски</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=uk">Українська</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=ar">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=zh-CN">简体中文</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=zh-TW">繁體中文</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class='nav-item nav-menu-anchor uk-hidden@s'> <a class="nav-logo" href="/"><img alt="EOL" src="/assets/blue_logo-5c5dbb19100961ce1612fdb8fc090b944f11a79066a7163558d3ba52ecb36746.png" /></a> </div> <div class='nav-item nav-menu-anchor uk-visible@s'> <i class='fa fa-cog'></i> <i class='fa fa-chevron-down'></i> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; pos: bottom-left; offset: 0'> <div class='uk-nav uk-dropdown-nav uk-nav-primary'> <div class='uk-nav-header'>names in breadcrumbs</div> <form class="js-bread-type-toggle" action="/breadcrumb_type" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="idGa7AyY9IbzEq/uIxZtnP2h5FDASpoS7RNpb774+Iq+p280/gAxePZapX9rKwWhMiSw+CAyflgjao/cSt3otg==" autocomplete="off" /> <div class='uk-grid-small uk-child-width-auto uk-grid'> <label> <input type="radio" name="type" id="type_0" value="0" class="uk-radio" checked="checked" /> vernacular </label> <label> <input type="radio" name="type" id="type_1" value="1" class="uk-radio" /> scientific </label> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <form class="nav-search-form" action="/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" autocomplete="off" /> <input type="text" name="q" id="q" class="nav-search js-nav-search" data-no-results-text="<strong>No confirmed results</strong><br />Hit Enter to see uncurated results" autocomplete="off" /> <i class='fa fa-search fa-lg nav-item nav-search-icon'></i> </form> <div class='nav-right nav-item nav-menu-anchor nav-menu-anchor-bars uk-hidden@s' uk-toggle='#mobile-menu'> <i class='fa fa-bars'></i> </div> </div> <img class="print-logo" src="/assets/print_logo-d9be0e683b5dbbd007c371799af3aeb9d7444008a39bd56c9e383ce79312350c.png" /> <div class='uk-container'> <div id='main'> <div class='uk-section uk-padding-remove-bottom'> <div> <h2>Sign In</h2> <form class="simple_form eol-userform recaptchad uk-form-stacked" id="new_user" novalidate="novalidate" data-client-side-validations="{&quot;html_settings&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;SimpleForm::FormBuilder&quot;,&quot;error_class&quot;:&quot;error&quot;,&quot;error_tag&quot;:&quot;span&quot;,&quot;wrapper_error_class&quot;:&quot;field_with_errors&quot;,&quot;wrapper_tag&quot;:&quot;div&quot;,&quot;wrapper_class&quot;:&quot;input&quot;,&quot;wrapper&quot;:&quot;default&quot;},&quot;number_format&quot;:{&quot;separator&quot;:&quot;.&quot;,&quot;delimiter&quot;:&quot;,&quot;},&quot;validators&quot;:{&quot;user[email]&quot;:{&quot;presence&quot;:[{&quot;message&quot;:&quot;can&#39;t be blank&quot;}]},&quot;user[password]&quot;:{&quot;presence&quot;:[{&quot;message&quot;:&quot;can&#39;t be blank&quot;}],&quot;length&quot;:[{&quot;messages&quot;:{&quot;minimum&quot;:&quot;is too short (minimum is 8 characters)&quot;,&quot;maximum&quot;:&quot;is too long (maximum is 32 characters)&quot;},&quot;allow_blank&quot;:true,&quot;minimum&quot;:8,&quot;maximum&quot;:32}]}}}" action="/users/sign_in" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="pxyg2Au/mvDLDoVVun/rWdjcP5XmwFACMPXj4nUn1XJHa5jxveH/FrO7xHWCq4DwQe8Mkmsq88q0hpvtP5xoCQ==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="input email required user_email field"><label class="email required uk-form-label" for="user_email"><abbr title="required">*</abbr> Email</label><input class="string email required uk-input" required="required" aria-required="true" type="email" value="" name="user[email]" id="user_email" /></div> <div class="input password required user_password field"><label class="password required uk-form-label" for="user_password"><abbr title="required">*</abbr> Password</label><input class="password required uk-input" required="required" aria-required="true" type="password" name="user[password]" id="user_password" /></div> <div class="input boolean optional user_remember_me field uk-form-controls"><label class="boolean optional uk-form-label checkbox" for="user_remember_me"><input class="boolean optional uk-checkbox" type="checkbox" value="true" name="user[remember_me]" id="user_remember_me" />Remember me</label></div> <div class='field actions'> <input type="submit" name="commit" value="Sign In" class="btn uk-button uk-button-default eol-secondary-alt" data-disable-with="Sign In" /> </div> </form></div> <a href="/users/sign_up">Register for new account</a> <br> <a data-no-turbolink="true" href="/users/password/new">Forgot your password?</a> <br> <a href="/users/confirmation/new">Didn&#39;t receive confirmation instructions</a> <br> <br> <br> <div class='account-migration-notice'> <h3>If you registered with EOL before Nov. 15, 2018:</h3> <p>Your account information, including username, associated email, profile description, and collections owned, have been imported to the new EOL. Your username is still your display name on the site, but you must now log in with your email address. We could not migrate your password for security reasons; sorry for the bother. You&#39;ll be able to reset it using the Forgot Password process. If you logged in only using a third party provider- Google, Twitter or FaceBook- please bear with us; we&#39;re working out some issues with the shared login processes.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='footer'> <ul class='footer-section footer-section-eol-info'> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol">What is EOL?</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/whats-new">What&#39;s New?</a></li> <li><a href="http://discuss.eol.org">The EOL Forum</a></li> <li><a href="https://education.eol.org">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/citing-eol-and-eol-content">Citing EOL</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/data-services">Data Services</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/food-webs">Food Webs</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/language-support">Language Support</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/donate">Donate</a></li> <li><a href="http://discuss.eol.org/t/contact-us-at-eol/181">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> <ul class='footer-section footer-section-discover'> <li><a href="/docs/discover/animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/mammals">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/birds">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/amphibians">Amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/reptiles">Reptiles</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/fishes">Fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/invertebrates">Invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/crustaceans">Crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/mollusks">Mollusks</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/insects">Insects</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/spiders">Spiders</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/worms">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/plants">Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/flowering-plants">Flowering Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/trees">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/fungi">Fungi</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/mushrooms">Mushrooms</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/molds">Molds</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/bacteria">Bacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/algae">Algae</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/protists-or-protozoa">Protists</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/archaea">Archaea</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/viruses">Viruses</a></li> </ul> <div class='footer-section footer-section-nmnh'> <a href="https://naturalhistory.si.edu/research/eol"><div class='nmnh-header'>EOL is hosted by:</div> <img class="nmnh-logo" src="/assets/nmnh_logo_bw-72cc01336737d61fba9c8c5cda8e2f549bd19ae44f2b0568a236f378761d53b3.png" /> </a></div> </div> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10