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<a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Maliye_Politikası" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maliye_Politikası"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Maliye Politikası</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maliye_Politikası-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="İçindekiler" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Türkmenistan ekonomisi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 24 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اقتصاد تركمانستان - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اقتصاد تركمانستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Economía de Turkmenistán - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Economía de Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkm%C9%99nistan_iqtisadiyyat%C4%B1" title="Türkmənistan iqtisadiyyatı - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkmənistan iqtisadiyyatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_del_Turkmenistan" title="Economia del Turkmenistan - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Economia del Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtschaft_Turkmenistans" title="Wirtschaft Turkmenistans - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wirtschaft Turkmenistans" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Turkmenistan" title="Economy of Turkmenistan - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Economy of Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Economía de Turkmenistán - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Economía de Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اقتصاد ترکمنستان - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقتصاد ترکمنستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89conomie_du_Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Économie du Turkménistan - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Économie du Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Economía de Turkmenistán - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Economía de Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Թուրքմենստանի տնտեսություն - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքմենստանի տնտեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi_Turkmenistan" title="Ekonomi Turkmenistan - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekonomi Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomio_di_Turkmenistan" title="Ekonomio di Turkmenistan - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ekonomio di Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="თურქმენეთის ეკონომიკა - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქმენეთის ეკონომიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="투르크메니스탄의 경제 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투르크메니스탄의 경제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C4%97nijos_ekonomika" title="Turkmėnijos ekonomika - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkmėnijos ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Економија на Туркменистан - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Економија на Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_de_Turcmenistan" title="Economia de Turcmenistan - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Economia de Turcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_do_Turquemenist%C3%A3o" title="Economia do Turquemenistão - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Economia do Turquemenistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Экономика Туркменистана - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экономика Туркменистана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Иқтисоди Туркманистон - Tacikçe" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иқтисоди Туркманистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tacikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistany%C5%88_ykdysady%C3%BDeti" title="Türkmenistanyň ykdysadyýeti - Türkmence" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türkmenistanyň ykdysadyýeti" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Türkmence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Економіка Туркменістану - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Економіка Туркменістану" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_Turkmenistan" title="Kinh tế Turkmenistan - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh tế Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em; padding: 0px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background: lightblue;"><span class="country-name">Türkmenistan ekonomisi</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hazar Denizi üzerinde bir petrol platformu"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG/220px-Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG/330px-Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG/440px-Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1340" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Hazar_Denizi" title="Hazar Denizi">Hazar Denizi</a> üzerinde bir <a href="/wiki/Petrol_platformu" title="Petrol platformu">petrol platformu</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derece</th><td class="infobox-data">87.(2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Para birimi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan_manat%C4%B1" title="Türkmenistan manatı">Türkmenistan manatı</a> (TMT)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mali_y%C4%B1l" title="Mali yıl">Mali yıl</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Takvim yılı</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ticaret organizasyonları</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1z_Devletler_Toplulu%C4%9Fu" title="Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu">Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu</a>, <a href="/wiki/E%C4%B0T" class="mw-redirect" title="EİT">EİT</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightblue;">İstatistikler</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gayr%C4%B1saf%C3%AE_yurti%C3%A7i_h%C3%A2s%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayrısafî yurtiçi hâsıla">GSYİH</a></th><td class="infobox-data">104.539 milyar $ (SAGP 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GSYİH büyüme</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="artış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> %10.4 (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kişi başı GSYİH</th><td class="infobox-data">11,630 $ (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sektörel GSYİH dağılımı</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tar%C4%B1m" title="Tarım">tarım</a>: %12.7; <a href="/wiki/End%C3%BCstri" class="mw-redirect" title="Endüstri">endüstri</a>: %49.3; <a href="/wiki/Hizmet" title="Hizmet">hizmet</a>: %37.9 (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enflasyon" title="Enflasyon">Enflasyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCketici_fiyatlar%C4%B1_endeksi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tüketici fiyatları endeksi">TÜFE</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">%11 (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Yoksulluk_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1r%C4%B1" title="Yoksulluk sınırı">Yoksulluk sınırı</a><br /> altındaki nüfus</th><td class="infobox-data">%0.2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">İşgücü</th><td class="infobox-data">2.305 milyon (2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">İşsizlik</th><td class="infobox-data">%11 (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ana endüstriler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Falgaz" title="Doğalgaz">doğalgaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">petrol</a> ve petrol ürünleri, <a href="/wiki/Tekstil" title="Tekstil">tekstil</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C4%B1da_i%C5%9Fleme" title="Gıda işleme">gıda işleme</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightblue;">Dış ticaret</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">İhracat</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="azalış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.7 milyar $ (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">İhraç malları</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Falgaz" title="Doğalgaz">doğalgaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ham_petrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham petrol">ham petrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrokimyasallar" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrokimyasallar">petrokimyasallar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tekstil" title="Tekstil">tekstil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamuk" title="Pamuk">pamuk</a> lifi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ana ihracat ortakları</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Çin"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a></span> %70 <br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Türkiye"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></span> %5.3 <br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İtalya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya">İtalya</a></span> %5.3 <br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Afganistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a></span> %4.5<br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Rusya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></span> %4.1 (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">İthalat</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="azalış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.4  milyar $ (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">İthalat malları</th><td class="infobox-data">makine ve ekipmanlar, <a href="/wiki/Kimyasallar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimyasallar">kimyasallar</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C4%B1da" title="Gıda">gıda</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ana ithalat ortakları</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Türkiye"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></span> %26.4<br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Rusya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></span> %10.5<br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Japonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya">Japonya</a></span> %8.6<br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Almanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a></span> %8.2<br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Güney Kore"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Güney Kore</a></span> %7.8<br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Çin"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a></span> %7.2<br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İtalya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya">İtalya</a></span> %5.2 (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightblue;">Kamu maliyesi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gelirler</th><td class="infobox-data">7.047 milyar $ (2014)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Giderler</th><td class="infobox-data">6.699 milyar $ (2014)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ekonomik yardım</th><td class="infobox-data">27.04 milyar $ (31 Aralık 2014)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dış rezervler</th><td class="infobox-data">27.04 milyar $ (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:lightblue;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tm.html"><b>Ana veri kaynağı: CIA World Fact Book</b></a><br /> <i>Diğer bir bilgi verilmemiş, değerlerin tümü ABD Doları ile ifade edilmiştir.</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan">Türkmenistan</a> ekonomisi</b>, temel olarak <a href="/wiki/Tar%C4%B1m" title="Tarım">tarım</a> ile <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">petrol</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Falgaz" title="Doğalgaz">doğalgaza</a> dayanmaktadır. <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan">Türkmenistan</a> dünyanın dördüncü büyük doğal gaz rezervlerine sahip olup dünyanın 9. büyük <a href="/wiki/Pamuk" title="Pamuk">pamuk</a> üreticisidir. Türkmenistan ekonomisi 2011 yılından bu yana gerçekleştirdiği çeşitli ekonomik reformlar sayesinde önemli bir büyüme yüzdesi kazanmıştır.Türkmenistan günümüzde dünyanın en hızlı büyüyen ekonomisidir. </p><p>Saparmurat Niyazov devlet başkanı olduktan sonra 1991 yılından itibaren halka ücretsiz verilmekte olan su, doğalgaz, elektrik ve tuz, refah seviyesindeki gerilemeye paralel olarak Kurbankulu Berdimuhammedov'un çıkardığı bir kararname ile 1 Ocak 2019'dan itibaren ücretlendirilmeye başlanmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Türkmenistan, büyük ölçüde sulanan alanlarda yoğun tarıma ve devasa gaz ve petrol kaynaklarına sahip bir çöl ülkesidir. Doğal gaz rezervleri açısından 2020 yılı itibarıyla dünyada 4. sırada yer almaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-bp_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Türkmenistan'ın en büyük iki tarımsal ürünü, çoğu ihracata yönelik üretilen pamuk ve çoğu yurt içinde tüketilen buğdaydır.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Türkmenistan, dünyanın ilk dokuz pamuk üreticisi arasında yer almaktadır. </p><p>1998'den 2005'e kadar Türkmenistan, doğal gaz için yeterli ihracat yollarının eksikliğinden ve yoğun kısa vadeli dış borç yükümlülüklerinden muzdaripti. Bununla birlikte, aynı zamanda, toplam ihracat, büyük ölçüde yüksek uluslararası petrol ve gaz fiyatları nedeniyle, 2003'ten 2008'e kadar yılda ortalama yaklaşık %15 arttı. Sovyet döneminde olduğu gibi, merkezi planlama ve devlet kontrolü yaygınlaştı. sistem ve Niyazov hükûmeti (1991-2006 iktidarda) sürekli olarak piyasa reform programlarını reddetti. Devlet, 1990'ların başından 2019'a kadar çok çeşitli mal ve hizmetleri sübvanse etti. 2007'de seçilmesinin ardından, Başkan Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow ülkenin çift döviz kurunu birleştirdi, manatın yeniden adlandırılmasını emretti, benzin için devlet sübvansiyonlarını azalttı ve kalkınmayı başlattı. Hazar Denizi'nde özel bir turizm bölgesi (Awaza) oluşturuldu. </p><p>2009'dan beri Türkmenistan sabit bir döviz kurunu koruyor. O yıl, oran 1 ABD doları olarak 2,85 Türkmenistan manatı olarak belirlendi. 1 Ocak 2015'te resmi döviz kuru 1 ABD doları olarak 3,50 Türkmenistan manatı olarak değiştirildi. Ancak, Şubat 2021 itibarıyla karaborsa döviz kuru dolar karşısında 29-30 manat civarında dalgalanıyordu.Nisan ortası itibarıyla karaborsa manat-dolar kuru dolar karşısında 40 manat'a kadar inmişti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maliye_Politikası"><span id="Maliye_Politikas.C4.B1"></span>Maliye Politikası</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkmenistan_ekonomisi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Maliye Politikası" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkmenistan_ekonomisi&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Maliye Politikası"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Devlet bütçesi “Bütçe Sistemi Hakkında Kanun”a uygun olarak hazırlanır ve uygulanır. Kanun, yönetimin düzenlenmesi ve bütçe sisteminin işletilmesinin yasal temellerini belirler ve her düzeyde bütçeler arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkileri düzenler. Türkmenistan hükûmeti devlet bütçe taslağını görüşür ve Türkmenistan Devlet Başkanı'na sunar. Mali yılın başlangıcından bir ay önce, Türkmenistan Devlet Başkanı, devlet bütçe taslağını görüşülmek ve kabul edilmek üzere Türkmenistan Meclisine (Mejlis) sunar. Ekonomi ve Maliye Bakanlığı, devlet maliyesinden sorumludur. </p><p>Bütçe istatistikleri güvenilmezdir çünkü hükûmet büyük miktarlarda bütçe dışı fon harcaması yapar.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Türkmenistan hükûmetinin 2021 bütçesi, 2020'de 84,39 milyar manat ve 2017'de 103,57 milyar manat olan gelirden 79,5 milyar manat gelir. 2021 harcama bütçesi 72,1 milyar manat olarak belirlendi.<sup id="cite_ref-azat1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-azat1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-budget2020_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget2020-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Türkmenistan Merkez Bankası, Türkmenistan manatı arzını kontrol ediyor, ancak para arzı hakkında veri yayınlamıyor. </p><p>Merkez Bankası nakitsiz işlemleri teşvik eder. 2020'nin Ocak-Nisan döneminde, banka kartları kullanılarak yapılan nakitsiz işlem hacmi, 2019'un aynı dönemine göre üç kattan biraz fazla artarak 1,9 milyar manatın biraz altına ulaştı. Nakit ödemeden elektronik ödemeye geçiş sorunsuz değildi; otomatik vezne makinelerinde nakit sıkıntısı ve satış noktalarında kartlı ödeme imkanlarının yetersiz olduğu bildirildi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkmenistan_ekonomisi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkmenistan_ekonomisi&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560057">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560105">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560075">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons'ta <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Turkmenistan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Economy of Turkmenistan"><span style="">Türkmenistan ekonomisi</span></a></b></i> ile ilgili ortam dosyaları bulunmaktadır.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-turkmenistan.en.mfa">"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, Economy of Turkmenistan"</a>. 9 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809115540/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-turkmenistan.en.mfa">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 27 Eylül 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Turkey%2C+Economy+of+Turkmenistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.tr%2Feconomic-relations-between-turkey-and-turkmenistan.en.mfa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AT%C3%BCrkmenistan+ekonomisi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#tx">"Export Partners of Turkmenistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>. 2016. 13 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813075921/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#tx">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Ekim</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Export+Partners+of+Turkmenistan&rft.pub=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2050.html%23tx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AT%C3%BCrkmenistan+ekonomisi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#aj">"Import Partners of Turkmenistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>. 2016. 17 Eylül 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917144337/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#aj">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Ekim</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Import+Partners+of+Turkmenistan&rft.pub=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2061.html%23aj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AT%C3%BCrkmenistan+ekonomisi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tx.html">"Turkmen Central Bank reserves"</a>. PortTurkey.com. 31 Aralık 2014. 9 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160709035648/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tx.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 27 Eylül 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkmen+Central+Bank+reserves&rft.pub=PortTurkey.com&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Ftx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AT%C3%BCrkmenistan+ekonomisi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Samar, Kamuran (14 Ekim 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tr.euronews.com/2018/10/14/turkmenistan-da-bedava-gaz-elektrik-ve-su-donemi-sona-eriyor">"Türkmenistan'da bedava gaz, elektrik ve su dönemi sona eriyor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>. 3 Aralık 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203235753/https://tr.euronews.com/2018/10/14/turkmenistan-da-bedava-gaz-elektrik-ve-su-donemi-sona-eriyor">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 5 Aralık 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%BCrkmenistan%27da+bedava+gaz%2C+elektrik+ve+su+d%C3%B6nemi+sona+eriyor&rft.pub=Euronews&rft.date=2018-10-14&rft.aulast=Samar&rft.aufirst=Kamuran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.euronews.com%2F2018%2F10%2F14%2Fturkmenistan-da-bedava-gaz-elektrik-ve-su-donemi-sona-eriyor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AT%C3%BCrkmenistan+ekonomisi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bp-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-bp_6-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617175036/https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.pdf">"Statistical Review of World Energy"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. BP. 2020. 17 Haziran 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.pdf">kaynağından</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Review+of+World+Energy&rft.pub=BP&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bp.com%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fbp%2Fbusiness-sites%2Fen%2Fglobal%2Fcorporate%2Fpdfs%2Fenergy-economics%2Fstatistical-review%2Fbp-stats-review-2020-full-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AT%C3%BCrkmenistan+ekonomisi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia.gov-7"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_7-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110134553/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 10 Ocak 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">4 Mart</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fturkmenistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AT%C3%BCrkmenistan+ekonomisi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130311113115/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Turkmenistan.pdf">"Country Profile: Turkmenistan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Research_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Research Division (sayfa mevcut değil)">Federal Research Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. February 2007. Archived from the original on 11 Mart 2013. <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>Bu madde, bu kaynaktan alınan <a href="/wiki/Kamu_mal%C4%B1" title="Kamu malı">kamu malı</a> olan bir metni içermektedir.</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+Turkmenistan&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2007-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FTurkmenistan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AT%C3%BCrkmenistan+ekonomisi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">KB1 bakım: Uygun olmayan url (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:KB1_bak%C4%B1m:_Uygun_olmayan_url" title="Kategori:KB1 bakım: Uygun olmayan url">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-azat1-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-azat1_9-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rus.azathabar.com/a/30913898.html">"Госбюджет Туркменистана на 2021 год опять оказался меньше, чем предыдущий"</a> (Rusça). RFE/RL. 26 Ekim 2020. 9 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183331/https://rus.azathabar.com/a/30913898.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">5 Temmuz</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+2021+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%2C+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.pub=RFE%2FRL&rft.date=2020-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frus.azathabar.com%2Fa%2F30913898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AT%C3%BCrkmenistan+ekonomisi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-budget2020-10"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-budget2020_10-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/36737/zakon-turkmenistana-o-gosudarstvennom-byudzhete-turkmenistana-na-2021-god">"Закон Туркменистана о Государственном бюджете Туркменистана на 2021 год"</a> (Rusça). «Туркменистан: золотой век». 25 Ekim 2020. 9 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184310/https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/36737/zakon-turkmenistana-o-gosudarstvennom-byudzhete-turkmenistana-na-2021-god">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">5 Temmuz</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+2021+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&rft.pub=%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%3A+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%C2%BB&rft.date=2020-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fturkmenistan.gov.tm%2Fru%2Fpost%2F36737%2Fzakon-turkmenistana-o-gosudarstvennom-byudzhete-turkmenistana-na-2021-god&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AT%C3%BCrkmenistan+ekonomisi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taslak simgesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan">Türkmenistan</a> ile ilgili bu madde <a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Taslak_madde" title="Vikipedi:Taslak madde">taslak</a> seviyesindedir. Madde içeriğini <a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkmenistan_ekonomisi&action=edit">genişleterek</a> Vikipedi'ye katkı sağlayabilirsiniz.</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Economic_template.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taslak simgesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Economic_template.svg/35px-Economic_template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Economic_template.svg/52px-Economic_template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Economic_template.svg/69px-Economic_template.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="37" data-file-height="32" /></a></span></td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</a> veya <a href="/wiki/Finans" title="Finans">finans</a> ile ilgili bu madde <a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Taslak_madde" title="Vikipedi:Taslak madde">taslak</a> seviyesindedir. Madde içeriğini <a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkmenistan_ekonomisi&action=edit">genişleterek</a> Vikipedi'ye katkı sağlayabilirsiniz.</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asya_ekonomisi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Afganistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan_ekonomisi" title="Azerbaycan ekonomisi">Azerbaycan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahreyn_ekonomisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahreyn ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bahreyn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banglade%C5%9F_ekonomisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangladeş ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bangladeş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhutan_ekonomisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhutan ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birle%C5%9Fik_Arap_Emirlikleri_ekonomisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brunei_ekonomisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brunei ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in_ekonomisi" title="Çin ekonomisi">Çin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C4%9Fu_Timor_ekonomisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doğu Timor ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Doğu Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonezya_ekonomisi" title="Endonezya ekonomisi">Endonezya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermenistan_ekonomisi" title="Ermenistan ekonomisi">Ermenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filipinler_ekonomisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filipinler ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Filipinler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore_ekonomisi" title="Güney Kore ekonomisi">Güney Kore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCrcistan_ekonomisi" title="Gürcistan ekonomisi">Gürcistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindistan_ekonomisi" title="Hindistan ekonomisi">Hindistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak_ekonomisi" title="Irak ekonomisi">Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ran_ekonomisi" title="İran ekonomisi">İran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail_ekonomisi" title="İsrail ekonomisi">İsrail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_ekonomisi" title="Japonya ekonomisi">Japonya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kambo%C3%A7ya_ekonomisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamboçya ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kamboçya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katar_ekonomisi" title="Katar ekonomisi">Katar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakistan_ekonomisi" title="Kazakistan ekonomisi">Kazakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Cumhuriyeti_ekonomisi" title="Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti ekonomisi">Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rg%C4%B1zistan_ekonomisi" title="Kırgızistan ekonomisi">Kırgızistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuveyt_ekonomisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuveyt ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kuveyt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuzey_Kore_ekonomisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuzey Kore ekonomisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kuzey Kore</a></li> <li><a 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