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"atomica" che sapeva giocare a baseball</h1>  <div class="banner banner--spaced-block banner-mm d-md-none"> <div id="adv-gpt-box-mobile-container1" class="mm-opt-cls-mobile"></div> </div> <p class="article__abstract" role="doc-subtitle">Engimatico e misterioso, Moe Berg è stato uno degli agenti segreti più controversi della guerra. Catcher dei Red Sox, intelligente e solitario, andò a caccia del professor Heisenberg per scoprire se i nazisti avevano ottenuto l'atomica</p> <div class="article__meta"> <a href="/autore/davide-bartoccini-126558.html" rel="author"> <span class="article__meta--author">Davide Bartoccini</span> </a> <time class="article__meta--date" datetime="2024-11-30">30 Novembre 2024 - 17:10</time> </div> </header> <section class="article__content"> <div class="typography--content"> <div class="article__media"> <picture class="image" data-tb-icon-anchor> <source srcset="https://img.ilgcdn.com/sites/default/files/styles/th/public/foto/2023/10/30/1698683371-screenshot-web.jpeg?_=1698683371&format=webp" media="(prefers-reduced-data: reduce)" type="image/webp" /> <source srcset="https://img.ilgcdn.com/sites/default/files/styles/sm/public/foto/2023/10/30/1698683371-screenshot-web.jpeg?_=1698683371&format=webp" type="image/webp" width="300" height="161" media="(max-width: 345px)"> <source 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24 30.9 24.75 30.9 27.3V36Z" fill="#1D1D1F"></path> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> <div class="strip-article--top"> <div class="banner banner--spaced-block"> <div class="gptslot evo-ilgiornale-strip-articolo-top" data-adunitid="36"></div> </div> </div> <p>Una dozzina di stagioni nella Major League Baseball come ricevitore, e due medaglie al valore per i servizi resi sul campo di battaglia più delicato: quello dello<strong> </strong>spionaggio che ruotava attorno alle informazioni vitali per lo sviluppo dell'arma più letale di tutte, la bomba atomica. È questo il palmares di<strong> Morris Moe Berg</strong>. Forse uno dei più controversi<strong> agenti segreti</strong> della seconda guerra mondiale e della storia. Più di <a href="/news/cultura/richard-sorge-spia-che-vinto-seconda-guerra-mondiale-2007699.html" data-ga4-click-event-target="internal">Richard Sorge</a>, più di <a href="https://it.insideover.com/storia/storie-george-blake-la-spia-che-non-apparteneva-a-nessuno.html" data-ga4-click-event-target="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener">George Blake</a>. E non perché fosse un temerario doppiogiochista o un idealista, ma per il suo profilo da genio solitario e poliglotta che sapeva giocare a baseball e si era prestato all'Oss, il servizio segreto statunitense progenitore dell'odierna <strong>Cia</strong>.</p><h2>Un catcher dei servizi segreti</h2><p>Nato a New York, si era laureato con lode a Princeton nel 1923 e alla Columbia nel 1928, e aveva seguito un corso di perfezionamento alla Sorbona. Per i cronisti sportivi era niente meno che "<em>l'uomo più strano che abbia mai giocato a baseball</em>". Nel ruolo di <em>catcher</em> giocò in squadre di categoria come i Brooklyn Dodgers e i famosi <strong>Boston Red Sox</strong>, guadagnandosi anche la fama di più intelligente del baseball, date le spiccate qualità di poliglotta che non sarebbero state sottovalutate dall'<strong>Office of Strategic Services</strong> quando gli Stati Uniti d'America decisero di entrare, o di <em><a href="/news/cultura/hoover-insabbi-i-documenti-che-potevano-salvare-pearl-harbor-1994972.html" data-ga4-click-event-target="internal">lasciarsi trascinare</a>, </em>nel Secondo conflitto mondiale.</p><p>Figlio di un farmacista ebreo che credeva fermamente nel "<em>sogno americano</em>", e non gli concesse alcuna attenzione dopo aver scelto il baseball come modo per pagarsi da vivere, Moe Berg parlava correntemente tedesco, giapponese, francese, italiano, spagnolo e portoghese, oltre a conoscere superficialmente un'altra dozzina tra lingue e dialetti, compreso il <em>Farsi</em>. Quando venne <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-baseball-player-turned-spy-who-went-undercover-to-assassinate-the-nazis-top-nuclear-scientist-180982813/" data-ga4-click-event-target="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reclutato dai servizi segreti</a> su suggerimento di Nelson Rockefeller e <strong>Will Donovan</strong>, venne inviato all'estero e spiare i fisici e scienziati che potevano essere al corrente dei progressi dei nazisti che, al parti degli Alleati, tentavano di ottenere l'arma di distruzione di massa che avrebbe influito in modo decisivo sulle sorti del conflitto.</p><p>Il dono di apprendere con facilità le lingue e l'arguzia che aveva dimostrato di possedere spontaneamente durante un viaggio in Giappone, che si rivelò una sorta di esperienza spionistica di prova, resero Berg un candidato perfetto per il lavoro che lo appassionò almeno quanto il baseball. Selezionato per una missione speciale dal nome in codice <strong>Progetto Larson</strong>, prese parte alla più ampia Missione Alsos, acquisendo informazioni dai migliori fisici italiani per scoprire cosa sapessero su un programma di bombe con un elevato potere distruttivo che la Germania nazista stava portando avanti. Nel 1944, Berg si recò in <strong>Italia</strong> per incontrare i fisici <strong>Edoardo Amaldi</strong> e <strong>Gian Carlo Wick</strong>, i quali dichiararono di non aver svolto alcuna ricerca atomica per i tedeschi. Gli stessi avrebbero ammesso che, anche se i tedeschi avessero lavorato a una bomba atomica, ci sarebbe voluto "<em>almeno un decennio per completarla</em>".</p><h2>Scoprire, sabotare e se necessario "uccidere"</h2><p>Nel dicembre 1944 l'Oss venne a sapere che il famoso fisico tedesco<strong> Werner Heisenberg</strong> avrebbe lasciato la Germania per tenere una conferenza a Zurigo. A Berg fu ordinato di partecipare alla conferenza sotto falso nome, spacciandosi per uno studente svizzero, con l'obiettivo di mettersi in contatto con il professore Heisenberg. Armato di una <strong>pistola calibro .45</strong> e di una <strong>capsula di cianuro</strong>, la spia che sapeva giocare a baseball partì per Zurigo con l’ordine di eliminare quello che era ancora considerato "<em>il tedesco più pericoloso nel campo della fisica</em>”, in qualità di direttore del programma nucleare nazista.</p><p>Il 18 dicembre Berg partecipò alla conferenza e si accomodò tranquillamente, con la sua pistola in tasca, davanti a un piccolo pubblico di professori e laureati. Heisenberg non rivelò nulla riguardo a un programma nucleare tedesco durante la conferenza, ma Berg riuscì a incontrare <strong>Paul Scherrer</strong>, fisico svizzero ospite di Heisenberg e fonte dell'Oss, e ad assicurarsi un invito a cena con Heisenberg più tardi quella settimana. Quella sera Berg ascoltò attentamente la conversazione, e secondo lui non c'era alcuna indicazione che i tedeschi fossero vicini a ottenere una <strong>bomba atomica</strong>.</p><p>Ci sono dei leciti dubbi su come andò con Heisenberg, tuttavia. La narrazione “tradizionale” sostiene che Berg ascoltò il discorso di Heisenberg su un argomento di fisica totalmente estraneo, o non che non comprese davvero quanto esposto dallo scienziato a causa della sua scarsa conoscenza della fisica. Anche se questo metterebbe in dubbio le sue precedenti missioni in Italia. Altri asseriscono addirittura che Berg non conoscesse abbastanza il tedesco e che per questo motivo non avesse compreso la conferenza di Heisenberg nella sua interezza. In ogni caso capì, come la storia dimostrerà, che lo scienziato nutriva<strong> ideali antinazisti</strong> e che i tedeschi erano <a href="/news/cultura/obiettivo-acqua-pesante-telemark-sabotaggio-dellatomica-2025336.html" data-ga4-click-event-target="internal">incredibilmente indietro</a> nella corsa all'ottenimento di un'arma basata sull'energia nucleare. Tanto bastò a lasciare Heisenberg in vita e a non fare di lui un assassino o un suicida per mezzo del cianuro che lo avrebbe messo al sicuro dalle torture della <strong>Gestapo</strong>. Era infatti molto remota la possibilità che l'agente Berg riuscisse a eliminare lo scienziato senza essere arrestato o catturato.</p><h2>La fine poco fortunata di un uomo misterioso</h2><p>Nel libro <em>La brigata dei bastardi</em>, la vera storia degli scienziati e delle spie che sabotarono la bomba atomica nazista, l'autore Sam Kean ripercorre la <strong>Missione Alsos, </strong>scrive che il capo dell'operazione Boris Pash era coinvolto nell'intelligence mentre Berg<em> "era coinvolto nello spionaggio e in tutto il romanticismo che ne consegue”. </em>Per alcuni il contributo cruciale di Berg alla guerra fu quello di "rassicurare" <strong>Robert Oppenheimer</strong> e gli altri scienziati che stavano lavorando al <a href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/progetto-manhattan_(Dizionario-di-Economia-e-Finanza)/" data-ga4-click-event-target="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Progetto Manhattan</a> riguardo la competizione che vedeva i nazisti in svantaggio; oltre a quello di reclutare, con un netto anticipo sulla Guerra fredda, scienziati europei disposti a trasferirsi e mettere la loro conoscenza al servizio degli Stati Uniti. Da qui il gioco di parole derivante dal ruolo di "<em>catcher" </em>nel baseball: Berg continuava davvero a "<em>ricevere</em>" bene, come ai tempi dei Red Sox.</p><p>Tornato negli Stati Uniti nella primavera del 1945, in agosto si dimise dalla <em>Strategic Services Unit </em>che stava succedendo all'Oss. Per i servizi resi gli venne conferita la <strong>Medal of Freedom </strong>dal Presidente degli Stati Uniti d’America <strong>Harry S. Truman</strong>, lo stesso uomo che ordinò di lanciare le atomiche di Hiroshima e Nagasaki. L'onorificenza, assegnata a coloro che hanno dato "<em>un contributo meritorio speciale per la sicurezza o per gli interessi nazionali degli Stati Uniti, per la pace nel mondo, per la cultura o per altra significativa iniziativa pubblica o privata</em>" venne rifiuta da Berg, e accettata dalla sorella quando gli venne riassegnata postuma.</p><p>Moe Berg, l'enigmatico genio che aveva vestito con coraggio i panni della spia, per amore dell'America ma anche per fascinazione, morì a causa di un banale <strong>incidente domestico</strong> all'età di 70 anni. In seguito si scoprì che, dopo la guerra, aveva tentato un'ultima missione per la Cia nel 1952. La missione, che si concluse senza successo, mirava a ottenere informazioni sui progressi del <a href="https://www.ilfoglio.it/esteri/2019/12/01/news/l-ultima-spiata-atomica-289556/" data-ga4-click-event-target="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener">programma nucleare sovietico</a>. Questo segnò di fatto la fine della sua carriera di agente segreto anche se i servizi segreti statunitensi lo avevano già formalmente congedato.</p>  <div class="banner banner--spaced banner-evo"> <div id="video-evo-player" class="evo-video-player player_evolution"></div> </div> <p>I suoi resti furono cremati e dispersi su uno dei monti che dominano Gerusalemme. Pare che negli ultimi anni di vita stesse pensando di scrivere un'autobiografia nella quale forse avrebbe svelato dettagli importanti sulle sue attività di spionaggio e sulla sua vita misteriosa.  </p><div class="banner banner--spaced-block banner-evo"> <div class="gptslot evo-mob-btf" data-adunitid="11"></div> </div> Ma tali segreti morirono con lui. Al contrario, il suo <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1941/09/pitchers-and-catchers/589858/" data-ga4-click-event-target="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener">saggio</a> <em>Pitchers and Catchers</em>, risalente al 1941, è stato nuovamente elogiato nel 2018 dal New York Times come "<em>una delle opere più perspicaci mai scritte sul gioco del baseball</em>".<p></p> </div> <aside class="below-the-article"> <div class="below-the-article__container"> <div class="below-the-article__tags"> <span>TAGS</span> <ul class="no-scrollbar"> <li><a href="/tag/spionaggio.html" rel="tag" class="btn btn--sm btn--outline-secondary">spionaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/tag/bomba-atomica.html" rel="tag" class="btn btn--sm btn--outline-secondary">bomba atomica</a></li> <li><a href="/tag/nazismo.html" rel="tag" class="btn btn--sm btn--outline-secondary">nazismo</a></li> <li><a href="/tag/seconda-guerra-mondiale.html" rel="tag" class="btn btn--sm btn--outline-secondary">seconda guerra 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