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.td-social-network .td-social-but-icon{height:100%}.td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.31)}.td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-text{padding-left:17px}.td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-text:before{display:none}.td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon:before,.td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon:before,.td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon:before{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.2)}.td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon:before{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.1)}@media (max-width:767px){.td-post-sharing-style1 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,.td-post-sharing-style3 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,.td-post-sharing-style5 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,.td-post-sharing-style14 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,.td-post-sharing-style16 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text{display:none!important}}@media (max-width:767px){.td-post-sharing-style2 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style4 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style6 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style15 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style17 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style18 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style19 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style20 .td-social-share-text{display:none!important}}</style> <div class="td-post-sharing-visible"><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yekum.org%2F2022%2F09%2F%25d7%25a1%25d7%2595%25d7%259b%25d7%25a0%25d7%2599%25d7%25a0%25d7%2595-%25d7%2594%25d7%259c%25d7%2590-%25d7%25aa%25d7%259e%25d7%2599%25d7%2593-%25d7%259e%25d7%25a0%25d7%25a6%25d7%2597%25d7%2599%25d7%259d-%25d7%2594%25d7%25a9%25d7%2599%25d7%25a8%25d7%2595%25d7%25aa%25d7%2599%25d7%259d-%25d7%2594%25d7%2597%25d7%25a9%25d7%2590-2%2F" title="Facebook" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-facebook"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Facebook</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90+%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93+%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D%3A+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%93+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%E2%80%9D%D7%9B+%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2+%D7%95%D7%91%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94+%D7%94-21&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yekum.org%2F2022%2F09%2F%25d7%25a1%25d7%2595%25d7%259b%25d7%25a0%25d7%2599%25d7%25a0%25d7%2595-%25d7%2594%25d7%259c%25d7%2590-%25d7%25aa%25d7%259e%25d7%2599%25d7%2593-%25d7%259e%25d7%25a0%25d7%25a6%25d7%2597%25d7%2599%25d7%259d-%25d7%2594%25d7%25a9%25d7%2599%25d7%25a8%25d7%2595%25d7%25aa%25d7%2599%25d7%259d-%25d7%2594%25d7%2597%25d7%25a9%25d7%2590-2%2F&via=%D7%99%D6%B0%D7%A7%D7%95%D6%BC%D7%9D+%D7%AA%D6%B7%D6%BC%D7%A8%D6%B0%D7%91%D6%BC%D7%95%D6%BC%D7%AA" title="Twitter" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-twitter"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Twitter</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-pinterest" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/&media=https://www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/logo-rigul-1.jpg&description=סקירה ראשונה מסוגה על סרטי הקולנוע וסדרות הטלויזיה שנעשו בישראל על שירותי הביון הישראליים ובראשם המוסד. חלק שני - המאה ה-21." title="Pinterest" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-pinterest"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Pinterest</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90+%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93+%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D%3A+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%93+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%E2%80%9D%D7%9B+%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2+%D7%95%D7%91%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94+%D7%94-21 %0A%0A https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/" title="WhatsApp" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-whatsapp"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">WhatsApp</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/&title=%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90+%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93+%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D%3A+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%93+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%E2%80%9D%D7%9B+%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2+%D7%95%D7%91%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94+%D7%94-21" title="Linkedin" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-linkedin"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Linkedin</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-mail" href="mailto:?subject=סוכנינו הלא תמיד מנצחים: השירותים החשאיים של ישראל המוסד והשב”כ בקולנוע ובטלויזיה במאה ה-21&body=https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/" title="Email" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-mail"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Email</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-print" href="#" title="Print" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-print"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Print</div></a></div><div class="td-social-sharing-hidden"><ul class="td-pulldown-filter-list"></ul><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-handler td-social-expand-tabs" href="#" data-block-uid="td_social_sharing_article_top" title="More"> <div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-plus td-social-expand-tabs-icon"></i></div> </a></div></div></div> <div class="td-post-content tagdiv-type"> <p>מאמר זה הוא החלק השני של <a href="https://www.yekum.org/2022/08/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90/">סקירה ראשונה מסוגה על סוגת הסרטים, וסדרות הטלוויזיה, </a>העוסקים בנושאי ריגול, ביון, ושירותי הביטחון הישראלים, ובראשם “המוסד למודיעין לתפקידים מיוחדים” (המוסד), שנוצרו בישראל. </p> <p>המאמר הזה עוסק אך ורק בסרטים עלילתיים המוצגים ככאלה, ואינו מתייחס לסרטים הדוקומנטריים המרובים בנושא. </p> <p>משום מה באופן יחסי רק מעט מאוד סרטי קולנוע ישראלים עסקו במוסד וב”שירות הביטחון הכללי” (השב”כ), אם כי בשנים האחרונות יש יותר ויותר סרטים כאלו. אלו שקיימים בדרך כלל לא עוסקים בפרשיות היסטוריות בתולדות הביון הישראלי, בניגוד לטלויזיה שפרשיות כאלו הן לחם חוקה, אם כי היו יוצאי דופן בהקשר זה. </p> <p>כדאי לשים לב שלגבי כמה וכמה מהסרטים הללו יש בעיה בהגדרה אם הם שייכים לקולנוע הישראלי, שכן הם נוצרו כדוברי אנגלית. החלטתי להכניס אותם בכל זאת אם הבמאים, המפיקים, והתסריטאים הם ישראלים. אבל קשה להיות עקבי. ישנם כמה סרטים שעוסקים במוסד הישראלי שהם דוברי אנגלית ועם יוצרים ישראלים שלא הכנסתי, ומצד שני כללתי סרט ישראלי נדיר (“קשר הדבש”) שכן עוסק בפרשיה בטחונית חמורה, אבל אינו עוסק כלל במוסד או בשב”כ. </p> <p>נראה שלבמאים הישראליים היתה במשך שנים רבות רתיעה לעסוק באנשי המוסד, אולי בגלל ההילה סביבו, רתיעה שנסדקת רק בשנים האחרונות. ואולי גילו שקיימת בעיה להשיג תקציבים לסרטים כאלו אם לא היו חיוביים מספיק עבור האירגונים הנ”ל.  </p> <p>ובכל זאת היו מי שעסק בנושא משנות השישים, כפי שהראיתי </p> <p><a href="https://www.yekum.org/2022/08/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">בחלק הראשון של הסקירה הזאת</a>.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">סרטים על המוסד במאה ה-21: פרודיה על המוסד </h3> <p>סרטי המוסד בראשית המאה ה-21 לא עסקו במאבק בערבים, אלא הציגו את חוסר הרלבנטיות של האירגון, שעוסק כביכול במרדפים אחרי פושעים נאצים ישישים.</p> <p>כך למשל היה בסרט הראשון של המאה ה-21 שעסק במוסד “ללכת על המים”, שביים איתן פוקס ב-2004 עם תסריט של גל אוחובסקי. הסרט עסק בסוכן חשאי בן לניצולי שואה (ליאור אשכנזי), איש יחידת החיסולים של המוסד, שנשלח לחסל פושע נאצי ישיש. הוא מגלה שבנו של הפושע נישא לישראלית (!), נכדו הוא המוסקסואל, ונכדתו חיה בארץ, ובמשך שנים הוסתר מהם שסבם הפושע עדיין חי. כעת עליו להחליט האם ליטול את חיי הפושע או לתת לו למות בשקט במיטתו.</p> <p>צפו במקדימון הסרט “ללכת על המים”:</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zwW97I-5vR8?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?ssl=1"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="696" height="1002" data-attachment-id="110521" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/%d7%9c%d7%9c%d7%9b%d7%aa-%d7%a2%d7%9c-%d7%94%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%9d-1/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?fit=768%2C1106&ssl=1" data-orig-size="768,1106" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="ללכת-על-המים-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?fit=208%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?fit=696%2C1002&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?resize=696%2C1002&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-110521" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?resize=711%2C1024&ssl=1 711w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?resize=208%2C300&ssl=1 208w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?resize=696%2C1002&ssl=1 696w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?resize=292%2C420&ssl=1 292w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?resize=583%2C840&ssl=1 583w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ללכת-על-המים-1.jpg?w=768&ssl=1 768w" sizes="(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px" data-recalc-dims="1" /></a><figcaption>כרזת הסרט ״ללכת על המים״</figcaption></figure></div> <p>יותר משעסק הסרט בדילמה העומדת לפני הסוכן החשאי עסק ביחסי יהודים גרמנים המסובכים מאוד, וביחסי סטרייטים והומוסקסואלים, המסובכים לא פחות. דבר שלא היה עולה על הדעת בכלל לעשות בסרטים על שירותי הריגול במאה ה-20, שבהם הומוסקסואל יכול היה להיות רק קרבן אומלל, מישהו שנסחט בידי שירות ביון עוין. </p> <p>סרט נוסף מסוג זה היה “החוב” שביים אסף ברנשטיין ב-2007.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/החוב.jpg?ssl=1"><img decoding="async" width="250" height="359" data-attachment-id="110522" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/%d7%94%d7%97%d7%95%d7%91/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/החוב.jpg?fit=250%2C359&ssl=1" data-orig-size="250,359" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="החוב" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/החוב.jpg?fit=209%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/החוב.jpg?fit=250%2C359&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/החוב.jpg?resize=250%2C359&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-110522" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/החוב.jpg?w=250&ssl=1 250w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/החוב.jpg?resize=209%2C300&ssl=1 209w" sizes="(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px" data-recalc-dims="1" /></a><figcaption>כרזת הסרט ״החוב״</figcaption></figure></div> <p>זהו סרט שנע בין ההווה של 2007 לעבר, ובחזרה. בסרט נשלחים בשנת 1964 שלושה סוכני מוסד לברלין, כדי לחטוף את פושע המלחמה הנאצי ד”ר מקס ריינר (אדגר סלגה), שכונה “המנתח מבירקנאו” על שם ניתוחיו הנסיוניים שגרמו למותם של אסירים רבים, ולהביאו למשפט בישראל. אך הוא נמלט מידיהם לאחר שהוציא מכלל פעולה את הסוכנת רחל .הם הסתירו זאת כדי לא להתבזות, ומספרים שריינר ניסה לברוח ורחל ירתה בראשו, הרגה אותו, והם נפטרו מהגופה.</p> <p>הם מתקבלים בארץ כגיבורים, ובמשך הזמן כותבת רחל את הספר “בשליחות חיי” המתאר את הפעולה והפך לרב מכר. </p> <p>עשרות שנים מאוחר יותר מגלה הסוכנת רחל המבוגרת (גילה אלמגור) שהפושע עדיין חי בבית אבות לבכירים. היא מגיעה לשם כדי לבצע את מה שלא הצליחה לבצע עשרות שנים קודם לכן. היא מגלה שהוא חיכה לה, אבל הפעם מצליחה לבצע את המשימה, לאחר שהוא שוב פוצע אותה.</p> <p>הסרט, שבבירור מבוסס על פרשת לכידת אייכמן האמיתית בידי אנשי המוסד, שם בסימן שאלה גדול מאוד את אמינותם ואת יכולותיהם של אנשי המוסד. דבר שלא היה עולה על הדעת כמה שנים קודם לכן. שהרי כאן המבצע בניגוד למציאות נכשל לחלוטין.</p> <p>הסרט זכה להצלחה יחסית בהקרנות שלו בארה”ב, ובאופן יוצא דופן זכה לרמייק כסרט אמריקני The Debt בשנת 2011.</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STkRnPviRAQ" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">צפו במקדימון הסרט “החוב”</a></p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/u0rPKHl2zQk?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <p>עוד פרה קדושה שרוסקה היה יצירת סרט קומי על עלילות אנשי “המוסד” גם זה לא היה עולה על הדעת בעבר. זה היה הסרט “כידון” (2013) שהוא קומדיית פעולה של הבמאי והתסריטאי עמנואל נקש. הסרט מתאר חבורת נוכלים ישראלית שמחליטה להציג את עצמה כמי שעומדת מאחורי פרשיית התנקשות מפורסמת של המוסד, ומעמידה את אנשי המוסד ויריביהם בארצות שונות על הרגליים.</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1b7EpgCD9V0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">צפו במקדימון הסרט “כידון”</a></p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1b7EpgCD9V0?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <p>סרט קומי נוסף מסוג זה היה “המוסד הסגור”, פרוייקט מיוחד של אלון גור אריה, שנוצר כפרודיה על המוסד, ויצא לאקרנים ב-2007. הסרט זכה למעמד של סרט פולחן והוקרן במשך שנים בסינמטקים. בסרט נשלח רמי חרובי (רון שחר), סוכן נועז של המוסד, להציל את שגריר ארצות הברית בישראל שנחטף ומוחזק במדינה הדמיונית סוג’יירה. ראש המוסד (אילן דר) מודאג, שכן החטיפה אירעה בתיזמון גרוע ביותר – מועד החופשה השנתית בכפר הנופש אולגה. רמי יוצא למשימת החילוץ עם מיכל (לנה אטינגר), בתו של סוכן המוסד שוקי, והשניים מצוידים במיטב הטכנולוגיה של משרד הביטחון על ידי קוצ’יק (אלי גורנשטיין). במהלך ביצוע המשימה, מסתבכים השניים עם קרוליין (איריס אברמוביץ’), בת השגריר, וזה עם זו.</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCoOnic84tA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">צפו במקדימון “המוסד הסגור”</a></p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fCoOnic84tA?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <p>ב-2019 הפך הפרויקט לסרט קומי באורך מלא בשם “המוסד”, שנשאר עם העלילה הבסיסית אבל הרחיב אותה במאוד, וזכה להצלחה קופתית גדולה. הוא הראה שהישראלים מוכנים כיום גם לצחוק על הפרה הקדושה של המוסד.</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X19J8mGRBwQ" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">צפו במקדימון “המוסד”</a> </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/X19J8mGRBwQ?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">תולדות המוסד בקולנוע </h3> <p>משום מה בשנת 2014 נעשו שני סרטי קולנוע יוצאי דופן על פרשיות עלומות בתולדות המוסד, דבר שלא נעשה קודם וגם לא לאחר מכן עד כתיבת מאמר זה.</p> <p>ב-2014 נעשה בידי ריקי שלח סרט על אחת הפרשיות המזעזעות ביותר מראשית ימי שירותי הביון של ישראל, סרט מהסוג שנעשים לא לקולנוע אלא לטלוויזיה “פרשת טוביאנסקי”. על אדם שהוצא להורג על לא עוול בכפו לאחר שנחשד, בטעות כפי שהתברר, בריגול. </p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-1.png?ssl=1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="209" height="300" data-attachment-id="110574" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/image-1-2/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-1.png?fit=209%2C300&ssl=1" data-orig-size="209,300" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-1.png?fit=209%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-1.png?fit=209%2C300&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-1.png?resize=209%2C300&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-110574" data-recalc-dims="1"/></a><figcaption>כרזת הסרט ״טוביאנסקי״</figcaption></figure></div> <p><a href="https://www.yekum.org/2015/08/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA-%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99-%D7%9B%D7%9C-%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%A7-%D7%91%D7%90-%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">קיראו סקירה מפורטת של אלי אשד על הסרט.</a></p> <p>הסרט “מבצע חמניה”, בבימוי אברהם קושניר, היה סרט קולנוע שנכתב על ידי תסריטאי עלום שם (איש השירותים החשאיים?) ב-2014. זה סרט יוצא דופן, שלמעשה הופק בידי המדינה וכנראה בידי השירותים החשאיים שלה. הסרט מתאר את השגת הידע הגרעיני של ישראל, וזאת בזמן שבהווה של הסרט מתואר מצב שבו עלולים להיות משוגרים טילים גרעיניים אל ישראל. אל מול הזמן ההולך ואוזל של שואה גרעינית אפשרית משוחזר סיפור בניית האופציה הגרעינית של ישראל. עלילת הסרט מתרחשת בשנות ה-60 בירושלים ופריז, עם הפנים אל דימונה. זהו סיפור על העשייה הבלתי אפשרית העומדת מאחורי החימוש הגרעיני של ישראל על רקע אינטריגות פוליטיות, עולם המדע, והדרמות האנושיות של האנשים שעמדו מאחורי הפרויקט שזכה לכינוי “מבצע חמנייה”. הסרט מתאר את מאמציו של ראש המוסד (יהורם גאון) להשיג את המידע הדרוש לישראל כשהוא נעזר בצוות מדענים בכירים. הסרט לא היסס להציג מדענית גרעין המקיימת יחסים מיניים עם אחד המדענים תוך כדי העלילה, בניסיון להפוך את הדמויות לאנושיות. אבל העלילה התרכזה במפקד המוסד שנחוש בדעתו להשיג את סודות הגרעין. </p> <p>עד כמה עלילת הסרט הייתה קרובה למציאות? השערתי היא שלא יותר מדי, ובעיקרון הייתה בדיון. </p> <p>צפו במקדימון הסרט:</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AmIdlZokrjo?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <p>אבל נעשו גם סרטים שיגרתיים יותר על אנשי המוסד. שניהם התבססו על ספרים ידועים בז’אנר ספרות הריגול הישראלית, והם ניסו לחזור אל העמימות בתיאור אנשי המוסד ששוב אינם גיבורים או ליצנים, אלא פשוט אנשים העושים את עבודתם האפרורית בדרך כלל אך המסוכנת לעיתים.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/המסתור.jpg?ssl=1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="187" height="269" data-attachment-id="110527" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/%d7%94%d7%9e%d7%a1%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%a8/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/המסתור.jpg?fit=187%2C269&ssl=1" data-orig-size="187,269" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="המסתור" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/המסתור.jpg?fit=187%2C269&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/המסתור.jpg?fit=187%2C269&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/המסתור.jpg?resize=187%2C269&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-110527" data-recalc-dims="1"/></a><figcaption>כרזת הסרט ״מסתור״</figcaption></figure></div> <p>הסרט “מסתור”, עפ”י הספר “החוליה” של שולמית הראבן, בבימוי ערן ריקליס (מי שיצר בשנות השמונים את “ביום בהיר רואים את דמשק” השמאלני), יצא ב-2017. הסרט מגולל את סיפורה של נעמי רמון (נטע ריסקין), סוכנת חשאית ישראלית שנשלחת להגן על סוכנת לבנונית של המוסד שנמלטת מארצה.</p> <p>לראשונה הסרט שם דגש על נשות המוסד, שעד אז לא זכו לתשומת לב רבה מידי יוצרי סרטים ישראליים, ולראשונה שם דגש על יכולותיהן של הנשים בשירותי הביון, ובכך שיקף היטב את הזמנים המשתנים.</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9t-bxo0Ttw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">צפו במקדימון “המסתור”</a></p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/t9t-bxo0Ttw?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <p>עוד סרט על המוסד, שהוקרן בשלהי 2019, היה “המורה לאנגלית”. סרט דובר אנגלית על פי ספר של יפתח רייכר-עתיר, איש שירותים חשאיים בעברו. הסרט עסק גם הוא כמו “מסתור” בסוכנת של המוסד, לא ישראלית, העובדת באיראן ואוספת מידע על תוכנית הגרעין שלה. </p> <p>לראשונה בסרט ישראלי מאז “מבצע קהיר” הכושל בשנות השישים הושם דגש על סוכן לא ישראלי העובד בשירות ישראל. במקרה זה אישה שמסכנת את חייה בעבור מדינה שאינה מדינתה. הסרט עשה זאת בצורה טובה מאוד אם כי לא זכה להצלחה גדולה. </p> <p>בסרט זה, כמו בסדרות הטלויזיה על השירותים החשאיים, הושם דגש על איראן כמטרה הגדולה והחשובה של השירותים החשאיים של ישראל. דבר שלא היה מובן כל כך בסרטים שנעשו עד אז. </p> <p> </p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/המורה-לאנגלית-1.jpg?ssl=1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="184" height="273" data-attachment-id="110525" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/%d7%94%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%94-%d7%9c%d7%90%d7%a0%d7%92%d7%9c%d7%99%d7%aa-1/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/המורה-לאנגלית-1.jpg?fit=184%2C273&ssl=1" data-orig-size="184,273" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="המורה-לאנגלית-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/המורה-לאנגלית-1.jpg?fit=184%2C273&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/המורה-לאנגלית-1.jpg?fit=184%2C273&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/המורה-לאנגלית-1.jpg?resize=184%2C273&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-110525" data-recalc-dims="1"/></a><figcaption>כרזת הסרט ״המורה לאנגלית״</figcaption></figure></div> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbO7frVwMgM" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">מקדימון המורה לאנגלית </a></p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UbO7frVwMgM?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">השירותים החשאיים בטלוויזיה  </h3> <p> לייצוג המשמעותי ביותר זכה המוסד דווקא בטלוויזיה. אסקור בקצרה כמה מהסדרות העוסקות בו, שלכל אחת מהן מגיע ניתוח מפורט יותר. </p> <p>מי שהתחילה את העיסוק במוסד בטלוויזיה הישראלית היתה דווקא טלנובלה מבית היוצר של יאיר דורי, מייבא של טלנובלות דרום אמריקניות לישראל, מבעלי ערוץ “ויוה” שהתמחה בטלנובלות כאלו.</p> <p>הסדרה, שנקראה “המוסד” (1995), היתה קופרודוקציה ישראלית-ארגנטינאית (דורי הוא ישראלי ממוצא ארגנטינאי שפועל בשתי המדינות), וכיכבה בה מיכל זוארץ. היא מנתה 38 פרקים, נכתבה על-ידי שי כנות ושרי שיין (עורכת ערוץ “ויוה”), ויועדה לשוק הארגנטינאי (חלקה אף צולם בארגנטינה) אך היא לא הועלתה שם בסופו של דבר, כנראה בגלל שיקולים פוליטיים. הסדרה הוקרנה במזרח אירופה, ברוסיה, ברומניה, בבולגריה, ובערוץ הישראלי בארה”ב. למרות הנושא, הסדרה אינה בנויה בסגנון טיפוסי של סדרות ריגול, אלא כטלנובלה, וראוי לציין שהיא עוסקת ברצח רבין, חודשים ספורים לאחר הרצח.</p> <p>נעשו לטלויזיה כמה סרטים היסטוריים על פרשיות בתולדות שירותי הביון, דבר שכמעט לא עסקו בו בקולנוע עם היוצא דופן היחיד של “פרשת טוביאנסקי”.</p> <p>ב-1997 הוצגה בערוץ 1 סידרה היסטורית על תולדות השב”כ, סדרת הדרמה “קו 300”. חמישה פרקים בבימוי אורי ברבש ועם תסריט של מוטי לרנר. הסידרה תיארה את הפרשה הכאובה שמהלכה הומת מחבל שנלכד לאחר חטיפת אוטובוס, וכתוצאה ממנה, לאחר מאבקים פנימיים רבים, נאלץ ראש השב”כ לפרוש. </p> <p>בעבר לא היה עולה על הדעת שפרשיה כזאת, שאינה מהווה אות כבוד לשירותי הביטחון הישראליים, הייתה מוסרטת. אבל בשנות התשעים, עידן שבירת הפרות הקדושות, זה קרה.</p> <p>לימים נעשתה דרמה נוספת על פרשה זאת בשנת 2018 עם תסריט של בני ברבש. </p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/שתיקת-הציפורים.jpg?ssl=1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" data-attachment-id="110529" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/%d7%a9%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%a7%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a6%d7%99%d7%a4%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/שתיקת-הציפורים.jpg?fit=150%2C200&ssl=1" data-orig-size="150,200" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="שתיקת-הציפורים" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/שתיקת-הציפורים.jpg?fit=150%2C200&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/שתיקת-הציפורים.jpg?fit=150%2C200&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/שתיקת-הציפורים.jpg?resize=150%2C200&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-110529" data-recalc-dims="1"/></a><figcaption>כרזת הסדרה ״שתיקת הצופרים״</figcaption></figure></div> <p>סדרה נוספת שעסקה באירוע טראומטי ביותר בתולדות השירותים החשאיים של ישראל היה “שתיקת הצופרים” משנת 2003, שביים מוטי ענבר ושוב כתב מוטי לרנר, לפי ספרו (העיוני) של אורי בר יוסף “הצופה שנרדם”. הסדרה מתארת את כישלון שירותי המודיעין הישראליים לחזות את ההכנות המצריות למלחמת יום הכיפורים. הסדרה ידועה במיוחד משום שאסי דיין גילם בה את תפקיד אביו משה דיין, שר הביטחון של מדינת ישראל בזמן מלחמת יום הכיפורים. זה גילום שיש להניח שהוא הקרוב ביותר לאותנטיות מלאה האפשרית בתפקיד זה. ואכן הסידרה הזאת ניראית כדבר הקרוב ביותר האפשרי ל”דוקו-דרמה” על תולדות המודיעין הישראלי. </p> <p>צפו בפרק מהסידרה </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/o2J-gZVvzd8?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <p>כל אלו היו סרטים וסדרות היסטוריים, המבוססים על אירועים אמיתיים שהיה מאמץ שלא לשנותם יותר מדי. אולם כוחה של הטלויזיה, כמו הקולנוע, הוא בראש ובראשונה בהצגה של בידיון על השירותים החשאיים.</p> <p>ואכן המוסד כיכב בסדרות מתח ופעולה בפריים-טיים.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2.png?ssl=1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="277" height="252" data-attachment-id="110640" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/image-2-4/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2.png?fit=277%2C252&ssl=1" data-orig-size="277,252" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2.png?fit=277%2C252&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2.png?fit=277%2C252&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/image-2.png?resize=277%2C252&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-110640" data-recalc-dims="1"/></a><figcaption>כרזת הסידרה ״חדר מלחמה״</figcaption></figure></div> <p>ראשונה מסוגה, ב-2004, הייתה “חדר מלחמה” שכתב הסופר והתסריטאי (וראש ממשלת ישראל בעת כתיבת שורות אלו) יאיר לפיד. הסדרה עסקה ביחידה מיוחדת המסונפת למשרד ראש הממשלה ועוסקת בפעילות ריגול שונות.</p> <p><a href="https://www.yekum.org/2015/01/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%91%D7%AA-%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8-%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A8-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%99%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">קיראו סקירה מפורטת על הסדרה “חדר מלחמה”</a></p> <p>הסדרה המפורסמת ביותר היא “חטופים” (קשת/ערוץ 2, 2010), שזכתה לשתי עונות ושעסקה במאמציהם של אנשי מוסד לברר את נאמנויותיהם האמיתיות של שני שבויים ישראלים שנחטפו לסוריה והוחזרו לידי ישראל, ככל הנראה לא כפי שהיו. פורמט הסדרה נמכר לאמריקאים והיא שימשה בתורה כבסיס לסדרת הריגול האמריקאית זוכת הפרסים הומלנד (שואוטיים, 2011), בת 8 העונות, העוסקת במקבילת המוסד האמריקאית, ה-CIA, בתחילה בפרשיה מקבילה לזו שבסדרה הישראלית, והחל מהעונה הרביעית במאבקים שונים בטרור האיסלאמי הבינלאומי.</p> <p>הסידרה “תא גורדין” (Yes, 2012), אף היא בת שתי עונות, תיארה את מאבקם של אנשי שב”כ בתא ריגול של משפחת עולים מרוסיה, הפועלים בארץ למען הרוסים, פעילות שמתבררת כמסוכנת ביותר. לראשונה הוצגו מרגלים זרים רוסיים הפועלים בתוך מדינת ישראל כמתוחכמים ביותר. </p> <p>צפו במקדימון הסדרה:</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/S40dpZp4rGg?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <p>“המדרשה” (רשת, 2015) היתה עוד סדרה בת שתי עונות, שעסקה בשיטות האימון של אנשי המוסד, ותיארה חבורת סוכנים מתלמדים שמוצאים עצמם מתמודדים עם בעיות אמיתיות בעת אימוניהם, כאשר את המפקד הכריזמטי גילם יהודה לוי. סדרה זאת מדהימה במיוחד מאחר שהיא עוסקת בנושאים שבעבר נחשבו לסודות כמוסים ביותר, שהיו נפסלים על הסף בידי הצנזורה, גם בעיסוק בדיוני בהם.</p> <p>צפו במקדימון “המדרשה” לעונה הראשונה:</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PwEHQBY5JpI?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <p>“כפולים” (קשת/ערוץ 2, 2015), גם היא סידרה בת שתי עונות, מתארת מה קורה כאשר חבורת אזרחים ישראלים רגילים מגלים שאנשי מוסד השתמשו בזהויותיהם בעבור מבצע מסוכן של חטיפה בחו”ל. גם כאן זאת סידרה מדהימה בעיסוק שלה בנושאים שבעבר היו סודות כמוסים ביותר.</p> <p>צפו במקדימון “כפולים”:</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ncxIAIBWHCg?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <p>גם “פאודה” הידועה היא סידרה שאמנם אינה עוסקת ממש באנשי המוסד, אלא באנשי יחידות בטחוניות “מסתערבים”, המקורבים יותר לשב”כ, אבל יש בה את כל האלמנטים של סדרה על “המוסד”.</p> <p>ולבסוף יש גם את “טהרן”, שזכתה להצלחה גדולה יותר בעולם מכל סדרה ישראלית קודמת. הסדרה מתארת לראשונה את מאבק המוחות המרכזי שבו עוסק המוסד כנגד שירותי הביון האיראניים, ונגד המאמצים באיראן ליצור פצצה גרעינית.</p> <p>ראו את מקדימון “טהרן”:</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe loading="lazy" class="youtube-player" width="696" height="392" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eLkwk5r5034?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=he-IL&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span> </div></figure> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">סיכום</h3> <p>האם ישנה מגמה בסדרות אלו? בהחלט. המגמה המסתמנת היא לא להציג את אנשי המוסד ככל יכולים אלא כאנשים בשר ודם, בעלי חולשות ואפילו מידי פעם כושלים כנגד האוייב, אם כי בסופו של יום הם מספיק אמיצים ומתוחכמים כדי לגבור על יריביהם השונים, האיראניים והערבים. הביקורת שיש בסרטים ובסדרות כלפי השירותים החשאיים היא מועטת מאוד. בהחלט לא ניתנת להשוואה לביקורת הקשה שהוטחה בשב”כ ובמוסד בסרטי שנות השמונים כמו “רחובות האתמול” ו”הינשוף”.</p> <p>בסופו של דבר, בסדרות אלו אנשי המוסד, אפילו אם יש בקירבם בוגדים, הם הגיבורים המנצחים. וכפי שציינתי למעלה מפליאה החושפנות, לכאורה לפחות, בהצגת שיטות פעולה של המוסד ושיטות הדרכה שלו. גם אם נניח שמה שמוצג בסדרות בדוי ברובו הגדול. בכל מקרה נראה שהצנזורה נוהגת בסדרות אלו בכפפות של משי, באופן מתירני הרבה יותר מאשר נהגה בספרים שעליהם הן מבוססות. </p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">ראו גם</h2> <p>חלק ראשון של הסקירה – <a href="https://www.yekum.org/2022/08/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">סוכנינו הלא תמיד מנצחים: השירותים החשאיים של ישראל המוסד והשב”כ בקולנוע ובטלויזיה משנות ה-60 עד סוף המאה ה-20</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.yekum.org/2021/07/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">היכל התהילה של ספרות הריגול הישראלית </a></p> <p><a href="https://www.yekum.org/2017/12/%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%a1-%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%92%d7%95%d7%9c-%d7%95%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%95%d7%97%d7%9e%d7%94-%d7%94%d7%a8%d7%90%d7%a9%d7%95%d7%9f-%d7%a9%d7%9c-%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%a8/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">כנס ספרות הריגול של יקום תרבות</a></p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/logo-rigul-1.jpg?ssl=1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="696" height="697" data-attachment-id="110531" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2022/09/%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%a0%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%a0%d7%a6%d7%97%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%97%d7%a9%d7%90-2/logo-rigul-1-3/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/logo-rigul-1.jpg?fit=720%2C721&ssl=1" data-orig-size="720,721" data-comments-opened="1" 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class="author-box-wrap"><a href="https://www.yekum.org/author/elieshe"><img data-del="avatar" src='https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Eli-BCard.jpg?fit=200%2C111&ssl=1' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-200 photo ' height='200' width='200'/></a><div class="desc"><div class="td-author-name vcard author"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.yekum.org/author/elieshe">ד״ר אלי אשד</a></span></div><div class="td-author-description">סופר, מרצה ובלש תרבות. פרסם את הספרים "מטרזן ועד זבנג" - סיפורה של הספרות הפופולארית הישראלית" ("בבל", 2003) ו"הגולם -סיפורו של קומיקס ישראלי" עם אורי פינק ("מודן", 2003). פרסם מאמרים רבים בעיתונות, בכתבי עת וברשת בנושאי ספרות ותרבות פופולארית, מדע בדיוני, קומיקס ועוד.</div><div class="td-author-social"> <span class="td-social-icon-wrap"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/eli.eshed.9/" title="Facebook"> <i class="td-icon-font td-icon-facebook"></i> <span style="display: none">Facebook</span> </a> </span> <span 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