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community</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: community"> <meta name="keywords" content="community"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="community"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4472</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: community</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4472</span> Online Community Suitable for e-Masjid ?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norlizam%20Md%20Sukiban">Norlizam Md Sukiban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Faisal%20Ashaari"> Muhammad Faisal Ashaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidayah%20bt%20Rahmalan"> Hidayah bt Rahmalan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role that a mosque or masjid have applied during the life of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was magnificent. Masjid managed to gather the community in lots of ways. It was the center of the first Islamic community and nation, with greatest triumphs and tragedies. It was a place to accommodate for the community center, homeless refuge, university and mosque all rolled into one. However, the role of masjid applied today was less than the time of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was alive. The advanced technology such as the internet has a major impact to the community nowadays. For example, community online has been chosen for lots of people to maintain their relationship and suggest various events among the communities members. This study is to investigate the possibility of the role of e-Masjid in adapting the concept of community online in order to remain the role played as such as role of masjid during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Definition and the characteristic of the online community were listed, along with the benefits of the online community. Later, discussion on the possibility of the online community to be adapted in e-Masjid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-masjid" title="e-masjid">e-masjid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20community" title=" online community"> online community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20community" title=" virtual community"> virtual community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-community" title=" e-community"> e-community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30797/online-community-suitable-for-e-masjid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4471</span> Community Structure Detection in Networks Based on Bee Colony</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Saoud">Bilal Saoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a new method to find the community structure in networks. Our method is based on bee colony and the maximization of modularity to find the community structure. We use a bee colony algorithm to find the first community structure that has a good value of modularity. To improve the community structure, that was found, we merge communities until we get a community structure that has a high value of modularity. We provide a general framework for implementing our approach. We tested our method on computer-generated and real-world networks with a comparison to very known community detection methods. The obtained results show the effectiveness of our proposition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bee%20colony" title="bee colony">bee colony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networks" title=" networks"> networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modularity" title=" modularity"> modularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalized%20mutual%20information" title=" normalized mutual information"> normalized mutual information</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93455/community-structure-detection-in-networks-based-on-bee-colony" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4470</span> Development of People's Participation in Environmental Development in Pathumthani Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakapas%20Saengchai">Sakapas Saengchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study on the development of people's participation in environmental development was a qualitative research method. Data were collected by participant observation, in-depth interview and discussion group in Pathumthani province. The study indicated that 1) People should be aware of environmental information from government agencies. 2) People in the community should be able to brainstorm information, exchange information about community environment development. 3) People should have a role with community leaders. 4) People in the community should have a role to play in the implementation of projects and activities in the development of the environment and 5) citizens, community leaders, village committee have directed the development of the area. Maintaining a community environment with a shared decision. By emphasizing the process of participation, self-reliance, mutual help, and responsibility for one's own community. Community empowerment strengthens the sustainable spatial development of the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=people" title="people">people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title=" community"> community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85948/development-of-peoples-participation-in-environmental-development-in-pathumthani-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4469</span> Managing Education through, Effective School Community Relationships/Participation for National Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehu%20S.%20Janguza">Shehu S. Janguza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for national security cannot be over Emphasis, which should be pursued by any means. Thus the need for effective management of education through effective school community Relationship/participation. In preparing and implementing only effort to promote community involvement in manning Education, it is importance to understand the whole picture of community participation, how it works, what forms are used, what benefit it can yield and what we should expect in the process of carrying out the efforts finally emphasis will be made on how effective school community relationship/participation and lead to national security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20participation" title="community participation">community participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=managing" title=" managing"> managing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20community" title=" school community"> school community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22224/managing-education-through-effective-school-community-relationshipsparticipation-for-national-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4468</span> On the Impracticality of Kierkegaard's Community of Authentic Individuals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Ka%20Pok%20Tam">Andrew Ka Pok Tam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kierkegaard has been misinterpreted as an anti-social philosopher for a long time until in recent years when there are more discussions on his concept of community in Journals and Papers inspired by Karl Bayer. Community which is based upon an individual's relations to others is different from the crowd or the public where the numerical or the majority make decisions. As a result, authenticity is only possible in the community. But Kierkegaard did not explain how we can preserve the individual's authenticity by establishing a community instead of a public in the reality. Kierkegaard was against the democratic reform in 1848 Denmark because he thought all elections mean the majority wins and the authenticity of a single individual would be suppressed. However, Kierkegaard himself does not suggest an alternative political system that may preserve the authenticity of individual. This paper aims to evaluate the possibility for us to establish a Kierkegaadian community in practice so as to preserve every individual's authenticity. This paper argues that the practicality of Kierekegaadian community is limited. In order to have effective communications and relations among individuals, a Kierkegaardian community must be small and inefficient as every individual's must remain authentic in all political decision for the whole community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity" title="authenticity">authenticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title=" community"> community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual" title=" individual"> individual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kierkegaard" title=" kierkegaard"> kierkegaard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64141/on-the-impracticality-of-kierkegaards-community-of-authentic-individuals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4467</span> Trend Detection Using Community Rank and Hawkes Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashank%20Bhatnagar">Shashank Bhatnagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Wilfred%20Godfrey"> W. Wilfred Godfrey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We develop in this paper, an approach to find the trendy topic, which not only considers the user-topic interaction but also considers the community, in which user belongs. This method modifies the previous approach of user-topic interaction to user-community-topic interaction with better speed-up in the range of [1.1-3]. We assume that trend detection in a social network is dependent on two things. The one is, broadcast of messages in social network governed by self-exciting point process, namely called Hawkes process and the second is, Community Rank. The influencer node links to others in the community and decides the community rank based on its PageRank and the number of users links to that community. The community rank decides the influence of one community over the other. Hence, the Hawkes process with the kernel of user-community-topic decides the trendy topic disseminated into the social network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20detection" title="community detection">community detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20rank" title=" community rank"> community rank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hawkes%20process" title=" Hawkes process"> Hawkes process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influencer%20node" title=" influencer node"> influencer node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pagerank" title=" pagerank"> pagerank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trend%20detection" title=" trend detection"> trend detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73595/trend-detection-using-community-rank-and-hawkes-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4466</span> Guidelines for the Development of Community Classroom for Research and Academic Services in Ranong Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenjira%20Chinnawong">Jenjira Chinnawong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phusit%20Phukamchanoad"> Phusit Phukamchanoad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to explore the guidelines for the development of community classroom for research and academic services in Ranong province. By interviewing leaders involved in the development of learning resources, research, and community services, it was found that the leaders' perceptions in the development of learning resources, research, and community services in Ranong, was at the highest level. They perceived at every step on policies of community classroom implementation, research, and community services in Ranong. Leaders' perceptions were at the moderate level in terms of analysis of problems related to procedures of community classroom management, research and community services in Ranong especially in the planning and implementation of the examination, improvement, and development of learning sources to be in good condition and ready to serve the visitors. Their participation in the development of community classroom, research, and community services in Ranong was at a high level, particularly in the participation in monitoring and evaluation of the development of learning resources as well as in reporting on the result of the development of learning resources. The most important thing in the development of community classroom, research and community services in Ranong is the necessity to integrate the three principles of knowledge building in teaching, research and academic services in order to create the identity of the local and community classroom for those who are interested to visit to learn more about the useful knowledge. As a result, community classroom, research, and community services were well-known both inside and outside the university. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20classroom" title="community classroom">community classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20resources" title=" learning resources"> learning resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121865/guidelines-for-the-development-of-community-classroom-for-research-and-academic-services-in-ranong-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4465</span> Involvement in Community Planning: The Case Study of Bang Nang Li Community, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakapas%20Saengchai">Sakapas Saengchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vilasinee%20Jintalikhitdee"> Vilasinee Jintalikhitdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathinee%20Khongsatid"> Mathinee Khongsatid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattapol%20Pourprasert"> Nattapol Pourprasert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studied the participation of people of the five villages of Bang Nang Li Community in Ampawa District, Samut Songkram Province, in designing community planning. The population was 2,755 villagers from the 5 villages with 349 people sampled. The level of involvement was measured by using Likert Five Scale for: preparing readiness of local people in the community, providing information for community and self analysis and learning, designing goals and directions for community development, designing strategic plans for community projects, and operating according to the plans. All process items reported a medium level of involvement except the item of preparing readiness for local people that presented the highest mean score. A test of a correlation between personal factors and level of involvement in designing the community planning unveiled no correlation between gender, age and career. Contrarily, the findings revealed that the villagers’ educational level and community membership status had a correlation with their level of involvement in designing the community planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development" title="community development">community development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20planning" title=" community planning"> community planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=people%20participation" title=" people participation"> people participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20level" title=" educational level"> educational level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9760/involvement-in-community-planning-the-case-study-of-bang-nang-li-community-samut-songkram-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4464</span> Operationalizing the Concept of Community Resilience through Community Capitals Framework-Based Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warda%20Ajaz">Warda Ajaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study uses the ‘Community Capitals Framework’ (CCF) to develop a community resilience index that can serve as a useful tool for measuring resilience of communities in diverse contexts and backgrounds. CCF is an important analytical tool to assess holistic community change. This framework identifies seven major types of community capitals: natural, cultural, human, social, political, financial and built, and claims that the communities that have been successful in supporting healthy sustainable community and economic development have paid attention to all these capitals. The framework, therefore, proposes to study the community development through identification of assets in these major capitals (stock), investment in these capitals (flow), and the interaction between these capitals. Capital based approaches have been extensively used to assess community resilience, especially in the context of natural disasters and extreme events. Therefore, this study identifies key indicators for estimating each of the seven capitals through an extensive literature review and then develops an index to calculate a community resilience score. The CCF-based community resilience index presents an innovative way of operationalizing the concept of community resilience and will contribute toward decision-relevant research regarding adaptation and mitigation of community vulnerabilities to climate change-induced, as well as other adverse events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20events" title="adverse events">adverse events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20capitals" title=" community capitals"> community capitals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20resilience" title=" community resilience"> community resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83329/operationalizing-the-concept-of-community-resilience-through-community-capitals-framework-based-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4463</span> Urban Resilience and Planning in the Perspective of Community </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Tao">Xu Tao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yilun%20Xu"> Yilun Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dingwei%20Xiang"> Dingwei Xiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaofei%20Sun"> Yaofei Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban community is constitute the entire city and its management ‘cell’, let ‘cells’ with growth and self-regeneration capacity and persistence, to allow the city with infinite vigor and vitality of the source; with toughness community mankind's adaptation to the basic unit of social risk, toughness of the city from the community to create a point of building is urban toughness of top-down construction mode of supplement, is of positive significance on the toughness of the urban construction. Based on the basic concept of resilience, this paper reviews the research on the four main areas of the study of urban resilience (i.e., the engineering toughness, ecological resilience, economic resilience, and social resilience, etc.). Studies and comments and summarizes the basic characteristic and main content of the four kind of toughness. Based on, from the city - community level and community level for building community resilience, including the level of urban community and create a Unicom, inclusiveness and openness of the community; community-level lifted from the four angles of the engineering community toughness, ecological toughness, resilience, social resilience, mainly including enhanced the toughness of the infrastructure, green infrastructure of toughness, resilience, social network and social relations, building with a sense of belonging, inclusive, multicultural community. Finally, summarize and prospect the resilience of the community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title="resilience">resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20resilience" title=" community resilience"> community resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20resilience" title=" urban resilience"> urban resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20strategies" title=" construction strategies"> construction strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92979/urban-resilience-and-planning-in-the-perspective-of-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4462</span> The Education Quality Management by the Participation of the Community in Northern Part of Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preecha%20Pongpeng">Preecha Pongpeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to study the education quality management to solve the problem of teachers shortage by the communities participation. This research is action research by using the tools is questionnaire to collect the data whit, students and community representatives and final will interview to ask the opinions of people in the community to help and support instruction in problems in teaching. Results found that people in the community are aware and working together to solve the lack the of teachers by collaboration between school personnel and community members by finding people who are knowledgeable, organized into local wisdom in the community, compound money to donate and hire someone in the community to teaching between classroom with people in the community. In addition, researcher discovered this research project contributes to cooperation between the school and community and there was a problem including administrative expenses and the school's academic quality management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20quality%20management" title="education quality management">education quality management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20wisdom" title=" local wisdom"> local wisdom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20part%20of%20Thailand" title=" northern part of Thailand"> northern part of Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation%20of%20the%20community" title=" participation of the community"> participation of the community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55575/the-education-quality-management-by-the-participation-of-the-community-in-northern-part-of-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4461</span> Comparing Community Detection Algorithms in Bipartite Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Khademi">Ehsan Khademi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Jalili"> Mahdi Jalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the special features of bipartite networks, they are common in many systems. Real-world bipartite networks may show community structure, similar to what one can find in one-mode networks. However, the interpretation of the community structure in bipartite networks is different as compared to one-mode networks. In this manuscript, we compare a number of available methods that are frequently used to discover community structure of bipartite networks. These networks are categorized into two broad classes. One class is the methods that, first, transfer the network into a one-mode network, and then apply community detection algorithms. The other class is the algorithms that have been developed specifically for bipartite networks. These algorithms are applied on a model network with prescribed community structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20detection" title="community detection">community detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bipartite%20networks" title=" bipartite networks"> bipartite networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-clustering" title=" co-clustering"> co-clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modularity" title=" modularity"> modularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20projection" title=" network projection"> network projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20networks" title=" complex networks"> complex networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14451/comparing-community-detection-algorithms-in-bipartite-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4460</span> Community Participation in Health Planning in Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20Kenny">Amanda Kenny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virginia%20Dickson-Swift"> Virginia Dickson-Swift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jane%20Farmer"> Jane Farmer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Larkins"> Sarah Larkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Carlisle"> Karen Carlisle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Hickson"> Helen Hickson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rural ECOH (Engaging Communities in Oral Health) is a collaborative project that connects policy makers, service providers and community members. The aim of the project is to empower community members to determine what is important for their community and to design the services that they need. This three-year project is currently underway in six rural communities across Australia. This study is specifically focused on Remote Services Futures (RSF), an evidence-based method of community participation that was developed in Scotland. The findings highlight the complexities of community participation in health service planning. We assumed that people living in rural communities would welcome participation in oral health planning and engage with their community to discuss these issues. We found that to understand the relationships between community members and health service providers, it was essential to identify the formal and informal community leaders and to engage stakeholders from the various community governance structures. Our study highlights the sometimes ‘messiness’ of decision making in rural communities as well as ways to ensure that community members have the training and practical skills necessary to participate in community decision making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20participation" title="community participation">community participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20planning" title=" health planning"> health planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20ECOH" title=" rural ECOH"> rural ECOH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remote%20Services%20Futures" title=" Remote Services Futures "> Remote Services Futures </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18122/community-participation-in-health-planning-in-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4459</span> The Study of Applying Models: House, Temple and School for Sufficiency Development to Participate in ASEAN Economic Community: A Case Study of Trimitra Temple (China Town) Bangkok, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saowapa%20Phaithayawat">Saowapa Phaithayawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study are: 1) to study the impact of the 3-community-core model: House (H), Temple (T), and School (S) with the co-operation of official departments on community development to ASEAN economic community involvement, and 2) to study the procedures and extension of the model. The research which is a qualitative research based on formal and informal interviews. Local people in a community are observed. Group interview is also operated by executors and cooperators in the school in the community. In terms of social and cultural dimension, the 3-community-core model consisting of house, temple and school is the base of Thai cultures bringing about understanding, happiness and unity to the community. The result of this research is that the official departments in accompanied with this model developers cooperatively work together in the community to support such factors as budget, plan, activities. Moreover, the need of community, and the continual result to sustain the community are satisfied by the model implementation. In terms of the procedures of the model implementation, executors and co-operators can work, coordinate, think, and launch their public relation altogether. Concerning the model development, this enables the community to achieve its goal to prepare the community’s readiness for ASEAN Economic Community involvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASEAN%20Economic%20Community" title="ASEAN Economic Community">ASEAN Economic Community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20applying%20models%20and%20sufficiency%20development" title=" the applying models and sufficiency development"> the applying models and sufficiency development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=house" title=" house"> house</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temple" title=" temple"> temple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school" title=" school"> school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11695/the-study-of-applying-models-house-temple-and-school-for-sufficiency-development-to-participate-in-asean-economic-community-a-case-study-of-trimitra-temple-china-town-bangkok-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4458</span> Factors Affecting Sense of Community in Residential Communities Case Study: Residential Communities in Tehran, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Foroughifar">Parvin Foroughifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of sense of community refers to residents’ sense of attachment and commitment to the other residents in a residential community. It is implicitly indicative of the mental image of a physical environment in which the residents enjoy strong social ties. Sense of community, a crucial factor in improving quality of life and social welfare, leads to life satisfaction in a residential community. Despite the important functions of such a notion, few empirical studies, to the best of the authors' knowledge, have been so far carried out in Iran to investigate the effective factors in sharpening the sense of community in residential communities. This survey research examined sense of community in 360 above 20-year old residents of three residential communities in Tehran, Iran using cluster sampling and questionnaire. The study yielded the result that variables of local social ties, social control and trust, sense of security, length of residence, use of public spaces, and mixed land use have a significant relationship with sense of community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sense%20of%20community" title="sense of community">sense of community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20social%20ties" title=" local social ties"> local social ties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sense%20of%20security" title=" sense of security"> sense of security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20space" title=" public space"> public space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20community" title=" residential community"> residential community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehran" title=" Tehran"> Tehran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128887/factors-affecting-sense-of-community-in-residential-communities-case-study-residential-communities-in-tehran-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4457</span> The Making of a Community: Perception versus Reality of Neighborhood Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirstie%20Smith">Kirstie Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper elucidates the value of neighborhood perception as it contributes to the advancement of well-being for individuals and families within a neighborhood. Through in-depth interviews with city residents, this paper examines the degree to which key stakeholders’ (residents) evaluate their neighborhood and perception of resources and identify, access, and utilize local assets existing in the community. Additionally, the research objective included conducting a community inventory that qualified the community assets and resources of lower-income neighborhoods of a medium-sized industrial city. Analysis of the community’s assets was compared with the interview results to allow for a better understanding of the community’s condition. Community mapping revealed the key informants’ reflections of assets were somewhat validated. In each neighborhood, there were more assets mapped than reported in the interviews. Another chief supposition drawn from this study was the identification of key development partners and social networks that offer the potential to facilitate locally-driven community development. Overall, the participants provided invaluable local knowledge of the perception of neighborhood assets, the well-being of residents, the condition of the community, and suggestions for responding to the challenges of the entire community in order to mobilize the present assets and networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20mapping" title="community mapping">community mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks" title=" social networks"> social networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54255/the-making-of-a-community-perception-versus-reality-of-neighborhood-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4456</span> Transmission of Food Wisdom for Salaya Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supranee%20Wattanasin">Supranee Wattanasin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this research are to find and collect the knowledge in order to transmit the food wisdom of Salaya community. The research is qualitative tool to gather the data. Phase 1: Collect and analyze related literature review on food wisdom including documents about Salaya community to have a clear picture on Salaya community context. Phase 2: Conduct an action research, stage a people forum to exchange knowledge in food wisdom of Salaya community. Learning stage on cooking, types, and benefits of the food wisdom of Salaya community were also set up, as well as a people forum to find ways to transmit and add value to the food wisdom of Salaya community. The result shows that Salaya old market community was once a marketplace located by Mahasawat canal. The old market had become sluggish due to growing development of land transportation. This had affected the ways of food consumption. Residents in the community chose 3 menus that represent the community’s unique food: chicken green curry, desserts in syrup and Khanom Sai-Sai (steamed flour with coconut filling). The researcher had the local residents train the team on how to make these meals. It was found that people in the community transmit the wisdom to the next generation by teaching and telling from parents to children. ‘Learning through the back door’ is one of the learning methods that the community used and still does. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission" title="transmission">transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20wisdom" title=" food wisdom"> food wisdom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salaya" title=" Salaya"> Salaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooking" title=" cooking"> cooking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9778/transmission-of-food-wisdom-for-salaya-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4455</span> Perceptions on Community Media for Effective Acculturation in Nigerian Indigenous Languages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chima%20Onwukwe">Chima Onwukwe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined perceptions on the effectiveness, attendant challenges and remedies of community media for effective acculturation in Nigerian languages. The qualitative survey design was adopted with Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) of 50 purposively chosen informants. It was perceived that community media could serve as veritable platform for effective acculturation in Nigerian languages since they would engender the setting of acculturation in Nigerian languages as national objective or goal. It was further held that the strengths of community media for acculturation were in being goal-defined, ensuring local content and diversification. The study identified that as palatable as the proposal for community media for effective acculturation in Nigerian languages is; it would be fraught with some set-backs or challenges that were very much surmountable. Perceptions pointed towards transient nature of community media and funding as challenges, as well as multi-based funding as one remedy. Immediate establishment of community media for the purpose of acculturation in Nigerian languages was recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title="perception">perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20media" title=" community media"> community media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acculturation" title=" acculturation"> acculturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20language" title=" indigenous language"> indigenous language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77606/perceptions-on-community-media-for-effective-acculturation-in-nigerian-indigenous-languages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4454</span> Characterization and Predictors of Community Integration of People with Psychiatric Problems: Comparisons with the General Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Cabral">J. Cabral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Barreto%20Carvalho"> C. Barreto Carvalho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20da%20Motta"> C. da Motta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sousa"> M. Sousa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Community integration is a construct that an increasing body of research has shown to have a significant impact in well-being and recovery of people with psychiatric problems. However, there are few studies that explore which factors can be associated and predict community integration. Moreover, community integration has been mostly studied in minority groups, and currently literature on the definition and manifestation of community integration in the more general population is scarce. Thus, the current study aims to characterize community integration and explore possible predictor variables in a sample of participants with psychiatric problems (PP, N=183) and a sample of participants from the general population (GP, N=211). Results show that people with psychiatric problems present above average values of community integration, but are significantly lower than their healthy counterparts. It was also possible to observe that community integration does not vary in terms of the socio-demographic characteristics of both groups in this study. Correlation and multiple regression showed that, among several variables that literature present as relevant in the community integration process, only three variables emerged as having the most explanatory value in community integration of both groups: sense of community, basic needs satisfaction and submission. These results also shown that those variables have increased explanatory power in the PP sample, which leads us to emphasize the need to address this issue in future studies and increase the understanding of the factors that can be involved in the promotion of community integration, in order to devise more effective interventions in this field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20integration" title="community integration">community integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20illness" title=" mental illness"> mental illness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictors" title=" predictors"> predictors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychiatric%20problems" title=" psychiatric problems"> psychiatric problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29436/characterization-and-predictors-of-community-integration-of-people-with-psychiatric-problems-comparisons-with-the-general-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4453</span> Community Product Development of Basket Handicraft-Bag, Ang Thong Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patsara%20Sirikamonsin">Patsara Sirikamonsin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study were I) to study development guidelines of community product which was basket handicraft-bag of Ang Thong province; II) to study consumer demand for the community of basket handicraft-bag products of Ang Thong province. Data were collected via group interview of the community of basket handicraft-bag and consumer in order to obtain information related to product development guidelines in line with consumer demand. The study revealed that development guidelines of community product which was basket handicraft-bag of Ang Thong province caused by the demand of consumers changed by the era which made community of basket handicraft-bag products of Ang Thong province might develop community products to be novel, stylish and accessible. The consumer demand for the product came from the need to consume goods that are like local symbols. Most of them were foreigners and tourists. The advantage of this research was that it would lead to policy implementation and lead to the development of basket handicraft-bag community products of Ang Thong to meet the needs of consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20product" title="community product">community product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20development" title=" product development"> product development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basket%20handicraft-bag" title=" basket handicraft-bag"> basket handicraft-bag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20research" title=" business research"> business research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93310/community-product-development-of-basket-handicraft-bag-ang-thong-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4452</span> Local Pricing Strategy Should Be the Entry Point of Equitable Benefit Sharing and Poverty Reduction in Community Based Forest Management: Some Evidences from Lowland Community Forestry in Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhruba%20Khatri">Dhruba Khatri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the short history of community based forest management, the community forestry program of Nepal has produced substantial positive effects to organize the local people at a local level institution called Community Forest User Group and manage the local forest resources in the line of poverty reduction since its inception in 1970s. Moreover, each CFUG has collected a community fund from the sale of forest products and non-forestry sources as well and the fund has played a vital role to improve the livelihood of user households living in and around the forests. The specific study sites were selected based on the criteria of i) community forests having dominancy of Sal forests, and ii) forests having 3-5 years experience of community forest management. The price rates of forest products fixed by the CFUGs and the distribution records were collected from the respective community forests. Nonetheless, the relation between pricing strategy and community fund collection revealed that the small change in price of forest products could greatly affect in community fund collection and carry out of forest management, community development, and income generation activities in the line of poverty reduction at local level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefit%20sharing" title="benefit sharing">benefit sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title=" community forest"> community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equitable" title=" equitable"> equitable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33503/local-pricing-strategy-should-be-the-entry-point-of-equitable-benefit-sharing-and-poverty-reduction-in-community-based-forest-management-some-evidences-from-lowland-community-forestry-in-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4451</span> The Effect of Climatic and Cultural Conditions in Increasing the Sense of Community in Residential Complexes (Case Study: Saedyeh Residential Complex)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razieh%20Esfandiarisedgh">Razieh Esfandiarisedgh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Community architecture has been proposed as an alternative approach in architecture, with three political, sociological, and psychological approaches. In community architecture, the psychological approach, as the only approach related to community design, has an important index called a sense of community. Changes in today's modern society, such as the shrinking of families, cause a decrease in the sense of community and unwillingness of people. It has become a residential complex to be present in public spaces. This issue can be increased by creating motivation with the help of design for the presence and participation of people in public spaces and taking advantage of the facilities and quality of these spaces. This research used the qualitative research method, studied and collected information, and used observation and interviews in the selected sample. Through targeted sampling and matching it with the extracted design table, it was concluded that climate and culture are known as two important factors in the collective view of housing in Hamedan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20architecture" title="community architecture">community architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sense%20of%20community" title=" sense of community"> sense of community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20psychology" title=" environmental psychology"> environmental psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177686/the-effect-of-climatic-and-cultural-conditions-in-increasing-the-sense-of-community-in-residential-complexes-case-study-saedyeh-residential-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4450</span> Preventing Violent Extremism through Augmenting Community Resilience and Empowering Community Members in Swat </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Muhammad%20Idris%20Idris">Dr. Muhammad Idris Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Said%20Saeed%20Saeed"> Dr. Said Saeed Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terrorism is the chronic issue of the hour. It is the disciplined practice of vicious activities like assassinating, slaughtering, mutilating, and frightening of the innocents to attain religious, fiscal, and political goals and to question the authority of the government. Leaders of the world promised to transform the planet by empowering community members and building community resilience (CR) against terrorism. This study concentrates to explore building community resilience against terrorism and empowering community members and implement strategies for strengthening community resilience. For data collection a mixed methods methodology will be used. Means, STD deviation, Pearson correlation, and thematic analysis will be employed to analyze the gathered data. The findings of the study will be interpreted and recommendations will be furnished accordingly. Study results will be disseminated to all concerned through conferences and seminar sessions. It is predicted that after the completion, the project team will be in a robust position to start writing the report that concentrates on strengthening community resilience, which is the crucial goal of this project. The publication will contribute effectively to all stakeholders and society, particularly to the lower rungs of social order. Moreover, it is expected that this project will contribute to future research in the domain of community resilience. This project will also reveal the remarkable potential of archival research on community resilience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Violent%20Extremism" title="Violent Extremism">Violent Extremism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20Role" title=" community Role"> community Role</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20resilience" title=" community resilience"> community resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20empowerment" title=" community empowerment"> community empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leadership%20role" title=" Leadership role"> Leadership role</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129855/preventing-violent-extremism-through-augmenting-community-resilience-and-empowering-community-members-in-swat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4449</span> An Analysis on Community Based Heritage Tourism: A Resource for a Small Community in Rural County Clare, Ireland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie%20Taylor">Marie Taylor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catriona%20Murphy"> Catriona Murphy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to identify the factors of success in community based heritage tourism initiatives. Heritage and community are central to many tourism initiatives with heritage tourism having the potential to act as a catalyst for community development. This paper presents the findings of research that examined the relationship between heritage tourism and community development. The findings recognised that heritage tourism had economic, social and cultural benefits for a community as well as a role in strengthening concepts such as sense of identity, place, and authenticity. In addition, this paper proposes an assessment framework for sustainable community based heritage tourism to identify factors and contextual influences involved in their success or failure. In evaluating the sustainability of such initiatives, a number of issues are investigated including the continued role of stakeholders, the role of funding, the influence of collaboration and the changing role of rural development and its impact on community engagement. The research is descriptive, evaluative and explanatory research, exploring and analysing issues such as the development of community structures in community based heritage tourism. Thus, it will contribute to the development of potential tourism and community development policies and strategies at a local, national and international level. An interpretative and inductive approach is utilised, and a mixed method approach followed as it encapsulates the best of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The case studies focus on social enterprises in relation to tourism and community based tourism cooperatives as there are limited study and knowledge of these. Consequently, this research will contribute to the discourse on community based heritage tourism as an aspect of community development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboration" title="collaboration">collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-based%20heritage%20tourism" title=" community-based heritage tourism"> community-based heritage tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stakeholders" title=" stakeholders"> stakeholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title=" sustainable tourism"> sustainable tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72065/an-analysis-on-community-based-heritage-tourism-a-resource-for-a-small-community-in-rural-county-clare-ireland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4448</span> Spatial Planning of Community Green Infrastructure Based on Public Health Considerations: A Case Study of Kunhou Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shengdan%20Yang">Shengdan Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 has made public health issues to be re-examined. The value of green space configuration is an important measure of community health quality. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the structure and function of community green space can be better evaluated. This study selects Wuhan Kunhou Community as the site and proposes to analyze the daily health service function of the community's green infrastructure. Through GIS-based spatial analysis, case study, and field investigation, this study evaluates the accessibility of green infrastructure and discusses the ideal green space form based on health indicators. The findings show that Kunhou Community lacks access to green infrastructure and public space for daily activities. The research findings provide a bridge between public health indicators and community space planning and propose design suggestions for green infrastructure planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title="accessibility">accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20health" title=" community health"> community health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20infrastructure" title=" green infrastructure"> green infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157157/spatial-planning-of-community-green-infrastructure-based-on-public-health-considerations-a-case-study-of-kunhou-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4447</span> A Study on Local Wisdom towards Career Building of People in Kamchanoad Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phusit%20Phukamchanoad">Phusit Phukamchanoad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thananya%20Santithammakul"> Thananya Santithammakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suwaree%20Yordchim"> Suwaree Yordchim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pennapa%20Palapin"> Pennapa Palapin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research gathered local wisdom towards career building of people in Kamchanoad Community, Baan Muang sub-district, Baan Dung district, Udon Thani province. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with village headmen, community board, teachers, monks, Kamchanoad forest managers and revered elderly aged over 60 years old. All of these 30 interviewees have resided in Kamchanoad Community for more than 40. Descriptive data analysis result revealed that the most prominent local wisdom of Kamchanoad community is their beliefs and religion. Most people in the community have strongly maintained local tradition, the festival of appeasing Chao Pu Sri Suttho on the middle of the 6th month of Thai lunar calendar which falls on the same day with Vesak Day. 100 percent of the people in this community are Buddhist. They believe that Naga, an entity or being, taking the form of a serpent, named “Sri Suttho” lives in Kamchanoad forest. The local people worship the serpent and ask for blessings. Another local wisdom of this community is Sinh fabric weaving. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20wisdoms" title="local wisdoms">local wisdoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=careers" title=" careers"> careers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamchanoad%20Community" title=" Kamchanoad Community"> Kamchanoad Community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career%20building" title=" career building"> career building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11985/a-study-on-local-wisdom-towards-career-building-of-people-in-kamchanoad-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4446</span> Military Families’ Attachment to the Royal Guards Community of Dusit District, Bangkok Metropolitan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanikanun%20Photchong">Kanikanun Photchong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phusit%20Phukamchanoad"> Phusit Phukamchanoad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research is to study the people’s level of participation in activities of the community, their satisfaction towards the community, the attachment they have to the community, factors that influence the attachment, as well as the characteristics of the relationships of military families’ of the Royal Guards community of Dusit District. The method used was non-probability sampling by quota sampling according to people’s age. The determined age group was 18 years or older. One set of a sample group was done per family. The questionnaires were conducted by 287 people. Snowball sampling was also used by interviewing people of the community, starting from the Royal Guards Community’s leader, then by 20 of the community’s well-respected persons. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, such as arithmetic mean and standard deviation, as well as by inferential statistics, such as Independent - Samples T test (T-test), One-Way ANOVA (F-test), Chi-Square. Descriptive analysis according to the structure of the interview content was also used. The results of the research is that the participation of the population in the Royal Guards Community in various activities is at a medium level, with the average participation level during Mother’s and Father’s Days. The people’s general level of satisfaction towards the premises of the Royal Guards Community is at the highest level. The people were most satisfied with the transportation within the community and in contacting with people from outside the premises. The access to the community is convenient and there are various entrances. The attachment of the people to the Royal Guards Community in general and by each category is at a high level. The feeling that the community is their home rated the highest average. Factors that influence the attachment of the people of the Royal Guards Community are age, status, profession, income, length of stay in the community, membership of social groups, having neighbors they feel close and familiar with, and as well as the benefits they receive from the community. In addition, it was found that people that participate in activities have a high level of positive relationship towards the attachment of the people to the Royal Guards Community. The satisfaction of the community has a very high level of positive relationship with the attachment of the people to the Royal Guards Community. The characteristics of the attachment of military families’ is that they live in big houses that everyone has to protect and care for, starting from the leader of the family as well as all members. Therefore, they all love the community they live in. The characteristics that show the participation of activities within the community and the high level of satisfaction towards the premises of the community will enable the people to be more attached to the community. The people feel that everyone is close neighbors within the community, as if they are one big family. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20attachment" title="community attachment">community attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20satisfaction" title=" community satisfaction"> community satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=royal%20guards%20community" title=" royal guards community"> royal guards community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activities%20of%20the%20community" title=" activities of the community"> activities of the community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12230/military-families-attachment-to-the-royal-guards-community-of-dusit-district-bangkok-metropolitan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4445</span> Community Forestry Programme through the Local Forest Users Group, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniyal%20Neupane">Daniyal Neupane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Establishment of community forestry in Nepal is a successful step in the conservation of forests. Community forestry programme through the local forest users group has shown its positive impacts in the society. This paper discusses an overview of the present scenario of the community forestry in Nepal. It describes the brief historical background, some important forest legislations, and organization of forest. The paper also describes the internal conflicts between forest users and district forest offices, and possible resolution. It also suggests some of the aspects of community forestry in which the research needs to be focused for the better management of the forests in Nepal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20of%20forest" title=" conservation of forest"> conservation of forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20forest%20users%20group" title=" local forest users group"> local forest users group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=better%20management" title=" better management"> better management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43475/community-forestry-programme-through-the-local-forest-users-group-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4444</span> The Typology of Social Enterprise: Case Study of Community-Development Enterprise in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aluisius%20Pratono">Aluisius Pratono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deddy%20Marciano"> Deddy Marciano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suyanto%20Suyanto"> Suyanto Suyanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emerging model of community development social enterprise is one of the social enterprise models. However, a precise view of the community development enterprise is still lacking. Hence, this study was aimed at deepening the concept of the community development social enterprise model at the place management and development context. Multiple case studies in Indonesia context were observed to explore the typical criteria of the community development enterprise model in place-making practices. The research paradigm used interpretative approach, which involves dialectic process between the researchers and research participants. This study highlights some principles in the community-development enterprise, which cover an entrepreneurial dimension, social goals, participatory governance, and co-management. The result makes a contribution to conceptual literature occurs at the criteria of social enterprises by highlighting the typology of community development enterprise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development%20enterprise" title="community development enterprise">community development enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20purposes" title=" social purposes"> social purposes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20project" title=" economic project"> economic project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20governance" title=" participatory governance"> participatory governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89086/the-typology-of-social-enterprise-case-study-of-community-development-enterprise-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4443</span> Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction in Mizoram, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalrokima%20Chenkual">Lalrokima Chenkual</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Legal provision and various guidelines issued by the National Disaster Management Authority in India strives for setting up of disaster management authority from the central government to the district level. Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction practice is still relevant as the communities are the victim as well as the first responder in any incidents. The primary goal of Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction is to reduce vulnerability of the concerned community and strengthen its existing capacity to cope with disaster. By involving the community in the preparedness phase, it not only increases the likelihood of coordinated action by the communities to help in mitigating disasters and lessening the impact of disaster but also brings the community together to address the issue collectively. Community participation ensures local ownership, addresses local needs, and promotes volunteerism and mutual help to prevent and minimise damage. Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction is very much relevant for Mizoram as the society is closed knit, population is very less, religion homogeneity i.e Christianity, very active and widespread community-based organization viz, Young Mizo Association, MHIP (Women Federation), MUP (Elders Clubs which are guided together by Mizo code of morals conduct termed as Tlawmngaihna. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title="community">community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=close-knit" title=" close-knit"> close-knit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20responder" title=" first responder"> first responder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tlawmngaihna" title=" Tlawmngaihna"> Tlawmngaihna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84163/community-based-disaster-risk-reduction-in-mizoram-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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