CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917c754a598987d7',cH: 'LICEs049jakcKAm6xVO7vB..vFDXVy9qihMwTqeJhVg-1740536449-1.2.1.1-ZKQq4scOkvWz9yy7T0XEb82ZbW1ZUPGxVM5HaWoUApfFs4qsUzYAD8EkxKXxNX3n',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Saad%20Saif&__cf_chl_tk=31IkYF4oVT6OKGSimsttc6UTUMWOeZVgqz.6td5kYDQ-1740536449-1.0.1.1-qB5huAObfUr4I1DPifGW3JcsMfiJFjK3oTPh4AqwO4c",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740536449',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Saad%20Saif&__cf_chl_f_tk=31IkYF4oVT6OKGSimsttc6UTUMWOeZVgqz.6td5kYDQ-1740536449-1.0.1.1-qB5huAObfUr4I1DPifGW3JcsMfiJFjK3oTPh4AqwO4c",md: "1G0Z1ZR.DDZEARHBlp0.XVzINQUtW_o5GZ8YOsBqxTs-1740536449-1.2.1.1-6XlTn7LjXVFVkmTZsJhjnl5nRpW.KcKosWKsAfSkidltzTkTHPisf67f1h5Y9x.3uIjk_80ljzp82XuZv68pktJLIja0qIAqdpQ9t8fXER.62d4aKPuTjKHr7sqw1c3Bs.Lu7GjmBwmdJHVEZMFfA3R7i1TBAfbWB8il8ojmyAjp_uCPCx.jZMm.gTYtXydAwOWcLxe7qwSU5pRONQcpwOXDftH72cRAAFCi.cxHmLCWatGfuGUEeJ4k9O3_NvEeW5lh4CIH9YJnB6y71BJIk1QYth6TA7AChuVRx_qyCOcHD9WxRKoW9eFebgifUsAdoo6u1KOu89HxwLosz8G_cfk1ussOS6PyCjFAzUR5lKRrNlKtcsRNtHqWuUJOQhqb1sByeToyQldsC4OfmXmP7BJsg78Fkt.EsEpY4dLEbsvTwMd1k.Sqw76E3zayVvXoqOHDOBdnRF1bIGpJZ8WMxdhpBo14G2MxhkwQ3q4SOus2VjE4xa.Ro5YZ0bxV_jjCe5avf0erOlLahTPVjT80k60b0WM_wRlDQY62JeFjl85NNgHsln6FXhsNoOW04Jvx.uoJ87p4lpzvrW0C14V31oQGrTA0qydZ5qyjBEqn94ALdRU.XqqL9y.8Q7_9eWm6G5iBuMMYS_17TxdqDNlj63glOEbGkqCUY5OLmtTJZDZJZoATwHVoV6.uhRGoQrqIa4uCHq3EFwv2wB4FS1OvMvMeUKAPBbSYYDfUpsE7Hv0iZjE8l5Ee3dALO7awfD7oI1z8lZQhyEvHmTG5RP6j6MYlkvP0KSfN8Go3A0bZEbH9P0dbalDppXKEuyf6yx33F.Iett2_ap.koshyYKHVQxnuGteDDhNHQCBwGw2sH_P7VEuoaF3ZokwiSrAPKSSBaY76NGYaCRUzOBZ.xUZR7nMRVMHxyWXRkvouB03v2JpIww2agQtlJCPPmyfPdMonKekJSJV_Ro7U3wFXRYT3Np2FhRTpdBriKDlXzRhkmnqDJ3rLCPzn5Gmh6IXDyWjY8aI1ET0w460XIcbRPsr0Tc.yg48x2v3qwFgYaVFFA0wqdyPcTdicbNA9_4wTTzVQxf4InrTc_z1J9FD.nmP3j50tFD48mSWeW764WpMehUxGqqa4kR9qfxtK3NtWaA8f2CXooY.0hW.HwmRk9YP5rkqK8IPQQYkAWEcZNxp05LJHofg0yswg.MIo.QTfS9PzHnAVNVDnBFTOGxD07ryH80jAlNBwfsIBiddkS3vxcFnIikWzGzbdpQFsRd_gMu_2rEtVDOmXwngsBpnfWBaB4xLz4oQKzV91TORTGI72HTE88nsCWrLKWeYWu0wCFwkNyNjUtuIKhZ_Qkew7tyCz8eDH5oBPNVa1dihC5iCeI_lHeVTunZ7R9Bl_jS4Stll94lKGAQzdQ1Lwil3Jbq.e_oy2z5MQBsJ.aXUYBIRH23BybiFSC1BsuAnHiBu92c1DqJXU91UoBxLh.cTw1Q6yvLHVMfMgfCQR820ps0XmjPCdf4aKjse5gV.4aOooXTdX0Y0PJ3gLe4w.qJ2d1FXdVF2zWjH5FgrVEQg5hEMBZQthc2zFndbQd_Dh_brdEWWXeqKtPP24uQT1VJpbANePCxCVS.KJO9uH7RCFUIWWZtsCyCnewm0z2z6RvMT9BsD_3prHgN0z5d6Tm3e0HPPXAaqLFezdmgk3N6bVyz1tuGSSyzWLmHDPAajt31CkBaXhdZsmlnnTqH1_HIdypyc37ZXgqhUAyvUcG3xxiBSHP6jPCB8G_JgI1HW1pNahZdfNfQv5_j2PI9dyaJTVdfHTtxyHwKkBkI_UjI1xaunEN8gqyHFHU_jMt8E3PXvniVoY.LzZ9KlfjEkjBCtbiS_BoKeFb.8uIDKiDNTuQXH63RiYmVM3pd0CoLQbHYzu8igdvc3Ci2PV7KnA0J0fwZRUCw",mdrd: "rO_v6o9uHs_R9nw_2slI11xurFNNymwfNEK7oqowIWw-1740536449-1.2.1.1-_AW4okbaZlv0_ftsqFp71EXHsPOEjIKL_xSkvosVd4Q2Xia2GfM17J1UmN0dfAxURkUChY5CYXGDl5BoFL6ON72ahHoRKviY7VgR.DrRqYESK8g_8IxLHskOMkX.EkVhHr9wRAVqK.g4Di38rIBuTYXJaLSZBdd2B_t34CSdyKeTviPKzIriXPhq5hpPNe6jwHoDnwUkKIA_Os_xjqLqUKYu1vuGWjQ_.Gie48NhpIXR9FWQp_WsP0u1c5M3AyjHDzYsZmu4RdWcWtaUG5HbTsm1rbb0uxzFCYuq4sIfPKw_ExU9jYsSDHa85A2Cq49iNjk1ReHTHHKFc1_Eq09CYWOfB0jBcpHknoORqd.GUfE8sNpMA6fCPnlDR00l_kNlt.Qc62aDei7IskPFKteyvSnfuLi5kCbuP1a8XvtgXN_jo474ZPe4ezX3fC9FdQ2IboR8z4y_TdJ2zxMVdTgFzL0G_gXkgOYNW5a.n_qLmohtIrF2CwRCAni6pitbA98UGw4MUddDprOZESpwL_xoVJUq.iSjumbL2USzWFv3qlmjLLTEewSaYRjL8oREg0ywfKC1ddy6BSWDURXNCiGkJtDY61LUE4fVu8dr2W.zGZT9nxcDLyFLD3gn1NTdWbb__Rl.yGYnHdr4T51CfXVAluKfFrK.f48CJ6IkhqrWiWl0VJviee6DOU5wyjckeCkozAbV4OLAaHs.zA1hE6lx6UenZpSgxrltUHYtF4M8DtwbxEQwuaTWPZrU1rF6.yAn9uTWQhFGwZfTI.8aNnxHGU6M7C1BXbUlqohxmkerETQl0a3kWZ.Eu2Rnf2vF0hMN6xqtWeeEqnrG1iICb4ZdsrcMF.XSdp9bi3U63NiB1dSaCfe5EuMTnic4tVdnf09xZnTyW7XuWx1ZNDwDXFSk9.unbL1pa40m4tgZEJGSS623taJFvd3yxaJGWKnoAaAVeRsWSfxduZkD0PKi5HTk3QCYlhy0btYGCSYWcssLNMIFidUmrTGWDilXZv7aygB4y6FpV71crawJVjIiFNbNiXBYgdHdXZrCvnLHSwQfinME8r6dH_u8_QuyB1NGwbSEdGltlW17QU0LzDpwiWJZSceQssKq4LOfSEnzEP76EOqJoaOMAYnAU4vBgeLySTrfEWdkCy2DXx3q3nNpkmcz.h54aVGDd0W9ltz49NylZTMEdwN8OzSEQfm513XTDcAvuzG2akdUtTWMkPu7QECbFzyiBKdJ5SgUq1K3Xz5ynRx5PhCwiOraOddAW7Rf0muwBB_Iu5al93cAO_IGKer1As26T_4XHBcVt_puPLo.Cp02aWMdijPvbwl2lpV6xRxac_Qf4XBuPr5f4UZL7pZVgckSGtmeom1ltTbK4BhA0oEbjwoE6G_p5Jn2bD8b3lRPAuPcAcbCheBxdcztaGmxxa5Iw7lrRpCyfm1TsARSsmGK_rhOcqtBLBYOGGDAaJyCk0h992f9bNW7iZSX4OuwNWfP.FwrNTKNDq43CW8n3Hg.xPCh49sHobPa3dFOIaX2uRxc3UmAXzLdg.PCwX.cA8adSJhRs_GsODV1EL_fjdvHtRfzEKqah09bEbldExEf4G0bMaLlkzoqj.l.oHGnwYiTAFdOF6W.2rYWzBsnhNBkzV3XUFZzJ_35KtBbVpNWdyap9Wo9WourPhLUh_vGsolErTETVNur064xJI42JNo7p9iTx34l1.TXwaRiGDUOyXtKEZoLhqFETPrjmeQ1QpY310xDhMv8ncDcpOvzRJDbL2kq2gl8mf7.UByRLizelrmw3sAvMGPOknbHMuj9cvhPryz1saAAMu5QEYA7Z6N.eUxSOBsAws.4MXtdLqgKspH8GktqK0jMO6.v1yg4JnbsG9VD6wElJFPigfHrWURoU_vPNT67eh9vFq13yaMwDXvksh38pc6XfZFGPQAkM4bMRTP1TFzTAFKgazKt_sd46pqrvr54Yxvzw.B9WN3zXjLEbjKpJHIhI7PAo5eiow"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917c754a598987d7';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Saad%20Saif&__cf_chl_rt_tk=31IkYF4oVT6OKGSimsttc6UTUMWOeZVgqz.6td5kYDQ-1740536449-1.0.1.1-qB5huAObfUr4I1DPifGW3JcsMfiJFjK3oTPh4AqwO4c" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>