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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic;"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Il crociato in Egitto</i></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a> by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Giacomo Meyerbeer</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyerbeer_Crociato_Act1_Scene3_Sanquirico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Meyerbeer_Crociato_Act1_Scene3_Sanquirico.jpg/310px-Meyerbeer_Crociato_Act1_Scene3_Sanquirico.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Meyerbeer_Crociato_Act1_Scene3_Sanquirico.jpg/465px-Meyerbeer_Crociato_Act1_Scene3_Sanquirico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Meyerbeer_Crociato_Act1_Scene3_Sanquirico.jpg/620px-Meyerbeer_Crociato_Act1_Scene3_Sanquirico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Set design for act 1, scene 3, <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala</a>, Milan (1826) by <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Sanquirico" title="Alessandro Sanquirico">Alessandro Sanquirico</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Translation</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>The Crusader in Egypt</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Librettist</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Rossi" title="Gaetano Rossi">Gaetano Rossi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Premiere</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="vevent">7 March 1824<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1824-03-07</span>)</span><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="summary"><a href="/wiki/La_Fenice" title="La Fenice">La Fenice</a>, Venice</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Il crociato in Egitto</i></span></b> (<i>The Crusader in Egypt</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> in two acts by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Giacomo Meyerbeer</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Rossi" title="Gaetano Rossi">Gaetano Rossi</a>. It was first performed at <a href="/wiki/La_Fenice" title="La Fenice">La Fenice</a> theatre, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> on 7 March 1824. The part of Armando was sung by the famous <a href="/wiki/Castrato" title="Castrato">castrato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Velluti" title="Giovanni Battista Velluti">Giovanni Battista Velluti</a>; the opera was probably the last written to feature a castrato. It is the last of Meyerbeer's series of operas in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, and became the foundation of the composer's international success. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance_history">Performance history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_crociato_in_Egitto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Performance history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyerbeer_1825.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Meyerbeer_1825.jpg/170px-Meyerbeer_1825.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Meyerbeer_1825.jpg/255px-Meyerbeer_1825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Meyerbeer_1825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Giacomo Meyerbeer, c. 1825</figcaption></figure> <p>After its successful Venetian premiere, <i>Il Crociato</i> was staged at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_della_Pergola" title="Teatro della Pergola">Teatro della Pergola</a> in Florence (7 May 1824), Trieste (winter 1824–1825), Padua (summer 1825), and at <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Theatre">His Majesty's Theatre</a> in London (3 June 1825, the first of Meyerbeer's operas to be performed in England, also with Velluti in the cast). This encouraged <a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a>, who was then managing the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-Italien" class="mw-redirect" title="Théâtre-Italien">Théâtre-Italien</a>, to arrange for its performance in Paris (25 September 1825), where the role of Armando was taken by the <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> <a href="/wiki/Giuditta_Pasta" title="Giuditta Pasta">Giuditta Pasta</a> and Aladino by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Levasseur" title="Nicolas Levasseur">Nicolas Levasseur</a>. For each of these productions Meyerbeer revised the work and composed new music for parts of it.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next twenty to thirty years the opera was performed in almost every major opera house in Europe, and even in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. </p><p>The opera formed the basis for the composer's future great success. As remarked by the critic of the London magazine, <i>The Harmonicon</i>, in a review of the 1825 production in Trieste: </p> <blockquote> <p>Of all living composers, Meyerbeer is the one who most happily combines the easy, flowing and expressive melodies of Italy with the severer beauties, the grander accomplishments, of the German school.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>This formula of combining the strengths of both operatic schools, as well as of dramatic stage spectacle and flexible and imaginative use of the orchestra, whilst fully displayed in <i>Il crociato in Egitto</i>, was to produce maximum effect with Meyerbeer's series of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Opera">Grand Operas</a>, commencing with <i><a href="/wiki/Robert_le_diable" title="Robert le diable">Robert le diable</a></i> in 1831. </p><p>While it has not been staged complete in the 20th century there have been concert performances in both London and New York City which were recorded on LP. A staged revival was held in Venice in 2007 featuring a natural male soprano <a href="/wiki/Michael_Maniaci" title="Michael Maniaci">Michael Maniaci</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_innovations">Significant innovations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_crociato_in_Egitto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Significant innovations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Rossini left for Paris, composers then active in Italy began to take important steps away from Rossini's style in a series of operas which bridged the gap between Rossini and the later <a href="/wiki/Bel_canto" title="Bel canto">bel canto</a> style, which was marked by less florid singing and more emphasis on the dramatic side. One of the earliest of these operas is Meyerbeer's <i>Il crociato in Egitto</i>. It has much in common with Rossini, but, on closer examination, some significant innovations become apparent. One is the even greater complexity of the finale to the first act, especially the use of two contrasting stage bands, which is a precursor of the three bands in <i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%A9toile_du_nord" title="L'étoile du nord">L'étoile du nord</a></i>. This was a direction opposite to that eventually taken by <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a>, who concentrated more on the lyrical lines of singers than on orchestral handling and larger-scale dramatic form; it marks the experience of Meyerbeer's German training and his association with early German romantic opera, including the work of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carl Maria von Weber</a>. In Adriano's "Suono funereo" there is what may well be one of the earliest cases of that strain of lyrical pathos which was to be such a dominant factor in later bel canto works. Another example is Palmide's big aria in act 2: "D'una madre sventurata" in which the desperation of the young mother comes through in the music. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_Battista_Velluti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Giovanni_Battista_Velluti.jpg/170px-Giovanni_Battista_Velluti.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Giovanni_Battista_Velluti.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>Giovanni Battista Velluti</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henriette_M%C3%A9ric-Lalande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Henriette_M%C3%A9ric-Lalande.jpg/170px-Henriette_M%C3%A9ric-Lalande.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Henriette_M%C3%A9ric-Lalande.jpg/255px-Henriette_M%C3%A9ric-Lalande.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Henriette_M%C3%A9ric-Lalande.jpg 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>Henriette Méric-Lalande</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_crociato_in_Egitto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Roles, voice types, and premiere cast</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Role </th> <th>Voice type<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuebner19921015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuebner19921015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Premiere cast, 7 March 1824<br />Conductor: Antonio Cammera </th></tr> <tr> <td>Aladino, <i><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a> </td> <td>Luciano Bianchi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Palmide, <i>his daughter, secretly married to</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henriette_M%C3%A9ric-Lalande" title="Henriette Méric-Lalande">Henriette Méric-Lalande</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Armando, <i>a <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knight of Rhodes</a>, in the guise of Elmireno</i> </td> <td>soprano <a href="/wiki/Castrato" title="Castrato">castrato</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Velluti" title="Giovanni Battista Velluti">Giovanni Battista Velluti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Felicia, <i>his betrothed, in disguise as a Knight of Rhodes</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">contralto</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigida_Lorenzani" title="Brigida Lorenzani">Brigida Lorenzani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adriano, <i>Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Crivelli" title="Gaetano Crivelli">Gaetano Crivelli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alma, <i>Palmide’s confidante</i> </td> <td>soprano </td> <td>Marietta Bramati </td></tr> <tr> <td>Osmino, <i>Grand Vizier of Damietta</i> </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Giovanni Boccaccio<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mirva, <i>Palmide's son</i> </td> <td>silent role </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><i>Chorus: Christian slaves and knights, Egyptians, imams and emirs</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_crociato_in_Egitto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Place: <a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a></dd> <dd>Time: During the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" title="Sixth Crusade">Sixth Crusade</a>, which commenced in 1228.</dd></dl> <p>Before the opera begins, Armando, missing presumed dead in fighting, has become confidante to the Sultan Aladino, under an assumed name. He has fallen in love with Aladino's daughter, who has borne him a son, and has secretly converted her to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. </p><p>Adriano arrives at the Sultan's palace to negotiate a truce. There he recognises Armando, as does Felicia, who has disguised herself as a knight to find her betrothed. Armando and the other Christian prisoners are thereupon sentenced to imprisonment and death. The ambitious Osmino arms the prisoners under Armando with the intention of killing the Sultan, but Armando exposes his treachery to the Sultan and instead kills Osmino. The Sultan relents, peace is agreed with the Knights and Armando and Palmide are reunited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recordings">Recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_crociato_in_Egitto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Il crociato in Egitto</i>: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Royal Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, cond. <a href="/wiki/David_Parry_(conductor)" title="David Parry (conductor)">David Parry</a>. 4 CDs. <a href="/wiki/Opera_Rara" title="Opera Rara">Opera Rara</a> ORC 10 (1992). Soloists include <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Kenny" title="Yvonne Kenny">Yvonne Kenny</a> (Palmide), <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ford_(tenor)" title="Bruce Ford (tenor)">Bruce Ford</a> (Adriano).</li> <li><i>Il crociato in Egitto</i> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Maniaci" title="Michael Maniaci">Michael Maniaci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrizia_Ciofi" title="Patrizia Ciofi">Patrizia Ciofi</a>, Marco Vinco, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Polverelli" title="Laura Polverelli">Laura Polverelli</a>, Fernando Portari, Iorio Zennaro, Silvia Pasini, Luca Favaron, Emanuele Pedrini; Orchestra and Chorus of <a href="/wiki/Teatro_La_Fenice" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro La Fenice">Teatro La Fenice</a>; Conductor: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Villaume" title="Emmanuel Villaume">Emmanuel Villaume</a>) Live performance DVD from Teatro La Fenice, January 2007. Dynamic DV 33549 DVD</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_crociato_in_Egitto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown2001">Brown 2001</a>, p. 572 (Meyerbeer's revisions for Florence, Trieste, Padua, London, and Paris); <a href="#CITEREFHuebner1992">Huebner 1992</a> (Paris cast); <a href="#CITEREFLetellier2009">Letellier 2009</a> (dates); <a href="#CITEREFLoewenberg1978">Loewenberg 1978</a>, col. 692 (Teatro della Pergola, Florence).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wlAPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA96">"Meyerbeer, and <i>Il crociato in Egitto</i> (Letter from Trieste, March, 1825)"</a> in <i>The Harmonicum</i>, vol. 3, no. 30 (June 1825).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuebner19921015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuebner19921015_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHuebner1992">Huebner 1992</a>, p. 1015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boccaccio was styled, in the original libretto (p. 6), "Altro primo Tenore" (further principal tenor), and, besides performing Osmino, he was charged to cover for Crivelli if need be, while the "Prima Donna" Carolina Biagelli was cast to cover for both Velluti and Lalande.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown2001" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Clive (2001). "Giacomo Meyerbeer". In <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Holden_(writer)" title="Amanda Holden (writer)">Amanda Holden</a> (ed.). <i>The New Penguin Opera Guide</i>. New York: Penguin Putnam. pp. 570–577. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-029312-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-029312-4"><bdi>0-14-029312-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Giacomo+Meyerbeer&rft.btitle=The+New+Penguin+Opera+Guide&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=570-577&rft.pub=Penguin+Putnam&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-14-029312-4&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+crociato+in+Egitto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuebner1992" class="citation book cs1">Huebner, Steven (1992). "Crociato in Egitto, Il". In <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Opera">The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>. Vol. 1. New York: Grove (Oxford University Press). pp. 1015–1017. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-522186-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-522186-2"><bdi>978-0-19-522186-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crociato+in+Egitto%2C+Il&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Opera&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1015-1017&rft.pub=Grove+%28Oxford+University+Press%29&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-522186-2&rft.aulast=Huebner&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+crociato+in+Egitto" class="Z3988"></span>. Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/O008977">Oxford Music Online</a> (subscription required).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLetellier2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Letellier" title="Robert Letellier">Letellier, Robert Ignatius</a> (2009). "Introduction". <i>The Meyerbeer Libretti</i> (11 volumes (2004–2009)). Vol. 4. Translated by Richard Arsenty (2nd ed.). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. pp. xi–xx. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847189714" title="Special:BookSources/9781847189714"><bdi>9781847189714</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Meyerbeer+Libretti&rft.place=Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.pages=xi-xx&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781847189714&rft.aulast=Letellier&rft.aufirst=Robert+Ignatius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+crociato+in+Egitto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoewenberg1978" class="citation book cs1">Loewenberg, Alfred (1978). <i>Annals of Opera 1597–1940</i> (3rd, revised ed.). Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87471-851-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87471-851-5"><bdi>978-0-87471-851-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annals+of+Opera+1597%E2%80%931940&rft.place=Totowa%2C+New+Jersey&rft.edition=3rd%2C+revised&rft.pub=Rowman+and+Littlefield&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-87471-851-5&rft.aulast=Loewenberg&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+crociato+in+Egitto" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_crociato_in_Egitto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Rossi, Gaetano, <i>Il crociato in Egitto. Melo-dramma eroico in due atti</i>. Venice: Casali, 1824. (Original printed libretto viewable online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ilcrociatoinegit00meye_6#page/n1/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrack,_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrack, John">Warrack, John</a>; West, Ewan (1992), <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Opera</i> New York: OUP. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-869164-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-869164-5">0-19-869164-5</a></li> <li>Warrack, John; Ewan West (1979), <i>Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera</i> (2nd edition)</li> <li>White, Don (date??), "Meyerbeer in Italy", in booklet to Opera Rara recording.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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riconosciuta</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emma_di_Resburgo" title="Emma di Resburgo">Emma di Resburgo</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margherita_d%27Anjou" title="Margherita d'Anjou">Margherita d'Anjou</a></i> (1820)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27esule_di_Granata" title="L'esule di Granata">L'esule di Granata</a></i> (1822)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Il crociato in Egitto</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_le_diable" title="Robert le diable">Robert le diable</a></i> (1831) (<i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_of_the_Nuns" title="Ballet of the Nuns">Ballet of the Nuns</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Huguenots" title="Les Huguenots">Les Huguenots</a></i> (1836)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ein_Feldlager_in_Schlesien" title="Ein Feldlager in Schlesien">Ein Feldlager in Schlesien</a></i> (1844)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_proph%C3%A8te" title="Le prophète">Le prophète</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%A9toile_du_nord" title="L'étoile du nord">L'étoile du nord</a></i> (1854)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinorah" title="Dinorah">Dinorah</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Africaine" title="L'Africaine">L'Africaine</a></i> (1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalie_Beer" title="Amalie Beer">Amalie Beer</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Beer" title="Wilhelm Beer">Wilhelm Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beer_(poet)" title="Michael Beer (poet)">Michael Beer</a> (brothers)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Judenthum_in_der_Musik" title="Das Judenthum in der Musik">Das Judenthum 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