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food</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: street food"> <meta name="keywords" content="street food"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="street food"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3984</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: street food</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3984</span> A Study for Turkish Underwater Sports Federation Athletes: Evaluation of the Street Foods Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Tezel">Su Tezel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with licensed athletes affiliated with the Turkish Underwater Sports Federation to assess the consumption status of street food. The aim of the paper is the frequency of training during competition preparatory training or season periods, the athletes' economic situation, social life, work-life or education situations are the directs them to street food? Also to evaluate the importance that athletes attach to their nutritional status. Data were collected with survey method. 141 underwater sports athletes participated in the survey. Empirical findings on 141 respondents are related to athletes' demographic information, which underwater sports branch they doing (underwater hockey, underwater rugby and free diving), with whom they live, training hours and frequency, street food consumption frequency and preferences, which type drinks they prefer drink with or without street foods and other similar things. Most of the athletes were male (64.5%), female (35.5%) and the most athletes from the sports branches included in the survey belong to underwater hockey (95.7%). 93.7% of athletes have a training time between 08:00 pm to 00:00 am and the frequency of consuming street food after training is 88%. As a remarkable result, 48% of the reasons for consuming street food easy access to street foods after training. Statistical analyzes were made with the data obtained and the status of street food consumption of athletes, whether they were suitable for professional athlete nutrition and their attitudes were evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title="nutrition">nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20foods" title=" street foods"> street foods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20hockey" title=" underwater hockey"> underwater hockey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20sport" title=" underwater sport"> underwater sport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121123/a-study-for-turkish-underwater-sports-federation-athletes-evaluation-of-the-street-foods-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3983</span> Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Street Vendors in Mangaung Metro South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaofetoge%20Lenetha">Gaofetoge Lenetha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malerato%20Moloi"> Malerato Moloi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ntsoaki%20Malebo"> Ntsoaki Malebo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbial contamination of ready-to-eat foods and beverages sold by street vendors has become an important public health issue. In developing countries including South Africa, health risks related to such kinds of foods are thought to be common. Thus, this study assessed knowledge, attitude and practices of street food vendors. Street vendors in the city of Mangaung Metro were investigated in order to assess their knowledge, attitudes and handling practices. A semi-structured questionnaire and checklist were used in interviews to determine the status of the vending sites and associa<em>. </em>ted food-handling practices. Data was collected by means of a face-to-face interview. The majority of respondents were black females. Hundred percent (100%) of the participants did not have any food safety training. However, street vendors showed a positive attitude towards food safety. Despite the positive attitude, vendors showed some non-compliance when it comes to handling food. During the survey, it was also observed that the vending stalls lack basic infrastructures like toilets and potable water that is currently a major problem. This study indicates a need for improvements in the environmental conditions at these sites to prevent foodborne diseases. Moreover, based on the results observed food safety and food hygiene training or workshops for street vendors are highly recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20hygiene" title="food hygiene">food hygiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foodborne%20illnesses" title=" foodborne illnesses"> foodborne illnesses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title=" food safety"> food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Street%20foods" title=" Street foods"> Street foods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114206/assessment-of-knowledge-attitudes-and-practices-of-street-vendors-in-mangaung-metro-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3982</span> Exploring the Intricate Microbiology of Street Cuisine: Delving into Potential Dangers in Order to Enhance Safety and Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raana%20Babadi%20Fathipour">Raana Babadi Fathipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Street foods hold a significant place in the tapestry of socioeconomic and cultural norms, beloved across the globe. Serving as a convenient and affordable option for city dwellers seeking nourishment, these culinary delights also serve as a vital source of income for vendors, particularly women. Additionally, street food acts as a mirror reflecting traditional local customs and practices, an element that draws tourists to experience the authenticity of a culture firsthand. Despite its many virtues, concerns have emerged regarding the microbiological safety of street food worldwide. Often prepared and sold in subpar conditions without proper oversight or regulation, street food has become synonymous with potential health risks. The presence of elevated levels of fecal indicator bacteria and various pathogens in these unregulated delicacies further perpetuates anxieties surrounding their consumption. This analysis delves into the intricate microbiological intricacies inherent in street food, shedding light on the pertinent safety concerns and prevalent pathogens. Additionally, it elaborates on the worldwide standing of this vital economic endeavor. Moreover, it advocates for the adoption of molecular detection techniques over conventional culture-based methods to gain a more comprehensive grasp of the true microbial risks posed by street cuisine. Acknowledgment marks the initial step towards resolving any given issue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foodborne%20pathogens" title="foodborne pathogens">foodborne pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiological%20safety" title=" microbiological safety"> microbiological safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20food" title=" street food"> street food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viruses" title=" viruses"> viruses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185745/exploring-the-intricate-microbiology-of-street-cuisine-delving-into-potential-dangers-in-order-to-enhance-safety-and-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3981</span> Microbial Quality of Traditional Qatari Foods Sold by Women Street Vendors in Doha, Qatar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahra%20El-Obeid">Tahra El-Obeid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reham%20Mousa"> Reham Mousa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Alzahiri"> Amal Alzahiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the past few years the traditional market of Qatar has become an attraction to many customers who eat from the numerous women street vendors selling Qatari traditional dishes. To gain an understanding on the safety of these street vended foods, we designed the study to test microbiological quality of 14 different Qatari foods sold in Souk Wagif, the main traditional market in Qatar. This study was conducted to mainly identify presence or absence of microbial pathogens. A total of 56 samples were purchased from 10 different street vendors and the samples were collected randomly on different days. The samples were tested for microbial contaminants at Central Food Laboratories, Doha, Qatar. The qualitative study was conducted using Real Time-PCR to screen for; Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and E. coli 0157:H7. Out of the 56 samples, only two samples “Biryani” and “Khabess” contained E. coli. However, both samples tested negative for E. coli O157:H7. The microbial contamination of the Qatari traditional street vended foods was 3%. This result may be attributed to the food safety training requirement set by the regulatory authorities before issuing any license to food handlers in Qatar as well as the food inspection conducted by the food health inspectors on a regular basis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiological%20quality" title="microbiological quality">microbiological quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20vended%20food" title=" street vended food"> street vended food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20dishes" title=" traditional dishes"> traditional dishes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qatar" title=" Qatar"> Qatar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6893/microbial-quality-of-traditional-qatari-foods-sold-by-women-street-vendors-in-doha-qatar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3980</span> Reimagining Urban Food Security Through Informality Practices: The Case of Street Food Vending in Johannesburg, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blessings%20Masuku">Blessings Masuku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study positions itself within the nascent of street food vending that plays a crucial role in addressing urban household food security across the urban landscape of South Africa. The study aimed to understand how various forms of infrastructure systems (i.e., energy, water and sanitation, housing, and transport, among others) intersect with food and urban informality and how vendors and households’ choices and decisions made around food are influenced by infrastructure assemblages. This study noted that most of the literature studies on food security have mainly focused on the rural agricultural sector, with limited attention to urban food security, notably the role of informality practices in addressing urban food insecurity at the household level. This study pays close attention to how informal informality practices such as street food vending can be used as a catalyst to address urban poverty and household food security and steer local economies for sustainable livelihoods of the urban poor who live in the periphery of the city in Johannesburg. This study deconstructs the infrastructure needs of street food vendors, and the aim was to understand how such infrastructure needs intersect with food and policy that governs urban informality practices. The study argues that the decisions and choices of informality actors in the city of Johannesburg are chiefly determined by the assemblages of infrastructure, including regulatory frameworks that govern the informal sector in the city of Johannesburg. A qualitative approach that includes surveys (open-ended questions), archival research (i., e policy and other key document reviews), and key interviews mainly with city officials and informality actors. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data collected. This study contributes to greater debates on urban studies and burgeoning literature on urban food security in many ways that include Firstly, the pivotal role that the informal food sector, notably street food vending, plays within the urban economy to address urban poverty and household food security, therefore questioning the conservative perspectives that view the informal sector as a hindrance to a ‘modern city’ and an annoyance to ‘modern’ urban spaces. Secondly, this study contributes to the livelihood and coping strategies of the urban poor who, despite harsh and restrictive regulatory frameworks, devise various agentive ways to generate incomes and address urban poverty and food insecurities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20food%20security" title="urban food security">urban food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20food%20vending" title=" street food vending"> street food vending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20food%20sector" title=" informal food sector"> informal food sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure%20systems" title=" infrastructure systems"> infrastructure systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood%20strategies" title=" livelihood strategies"> livelihood strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20framework%20and%20governance" title=" policy framework and governance"> policy framework and governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172719/reimagining-urban-food-security-through-informality-practices-the-case-of-street-food-vending-in-johannesburg-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3979</span> Street Begging and Its Psychosocial Social Effects in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temitope%20M.%20Ojo">Temitope M. Ojo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Titilayo%20A.%20Benson"> Titilayo A. Benson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated street begging and its psychosocial effect in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. In carrying out this study, four research questions were used. The instrument used for data collection was a face-to-face and self-developed questionnaire. The results revealed there is high awareness level on the causes of street begging among the respondents, who also mentioned several factors contributing to street begging. However, respondents disagreed that lack of education is a factor contributing to street begging in Nigeria. The psycho-social effects of street begging, as identified by the respondents, are development of inferiority complex, lack of social interaction, loss of self-respect and dignity, increased mindset of poverty and loss of self-confident. Solution to street begging as identified by the respondents also includes provision of rehabilitation centers, provision of food for students in Islamic schools and monthly survival allowance. Specific policies and other legislative frameworks are needed in terms of age, sex, disability, and family-related issues, to effectively address the begging problem. Therefore, it is recommended that policy planners must adopt multi-faceted, multi-targeted, and multi-tiered approaches if they are to have any impact on the lives of street beggars in all four categories. In this regard, both preventative and responsive interventions are needed instead of rehabilitative solutions for each category of street beggars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beggars" title="beggars">beggars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=begging" title=" begging"> begging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycho-social%20effect" title=" psycho-social effect"> psycho-social effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respondents" title=" respondents"> respondents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20begging" title=" street begging"> street begging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78265/street-begging-and-its-psychosocial-social-effects-in-ibadan-metropolis-oyo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3978</span> Assessment of Microbiological Status of Branded and Street Vended Ice-Cream Offered for Public Consumption: A Comparative Study in Tangail Municipality, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afroza%20Khatun">Afroza Khatun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masuma"> Masuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Younus%20Mia"> Md. Younus Mia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Kanta%20Das"> Kamal Kanta Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of the microbial status and physicochemical parameters of some branded and street vended ice cream showed that total viable bacteria in branded ice cream ranged from 4.8×10³ to 1.10×10⁵ cfu/ml, and in street vended ice-cream ranged from 7.5×10⁴ to 1.6×10⁸ cfu/ml. Total coliform bacteria present up to 9.20×10³ cfu/ml in branded ice cream and 5.3×10³ to 9.6×10⁶ cfu/ml observed in street vended ice cream. Total E. coli were found to be present within a range from 0 to 4.5×10³ cfu/ml in branded and 4.1×10² to 7.5×10⁴ cfu/ml in street ice cream. The ranges of Staphylococcus aureus count were 1.8×10² to 2.9×10⁴ cfu/ml (branded) and 3.9×10⁴ to 7.9×10⁶ cfu/ml (street). The pH of both types of ice cream showed acidic to neutral conditions where the concentration of pH for branded ice cream was 5.5 to 6.9, as well as the value of pH in street ice cream, was 6.2 to 7.0. The range of Total soluble solids in several branded ice creams was 26 to 29%, and the value of TSS obtained in street-vended ice-creams ranged from 5 to 10%. The overall results of this research demonstrated that the microbial quality in all street ice creams exceeded the BSTI standard and exhibited lower quality than the industrially produced branded ice creams due to comparatively faulty manufacturing processes and poor hygiene practices. The presence of pathogenic microbes was also observed in branded ice creams which was quite alarming for public health. So it is suggested that the government authorized organization should conduct the proper monitoring system to ensure that both branded and street vended ice-creams are microbiologically safe to prevent public health hazards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title="food safety">food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiological%20analysis" title=" microbiological analysis"> microbiological analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice-cream" title=" ice-cream"> ice-cream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli" title=" E. coli"> E. coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Staphylococcus%20aureus" title=" Staphylococcus aureus"> Staphylococcus aureus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166809/assessment-of-microbiological-status-of-branded-and-street-vended-ice-cream-offered-for-public-consumption-a-comparative-study-in-tangail-municipality-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3977</span> Health Status and Psychology Wellbeing of Street Children in Kuala Lumpur</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabri%20Sulaiman">Sabri Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Hajar%20Abu%20Bakar%20Ah"> Siti Hajar Abu Bakar Ah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haris%20Abd%20Wahab"> Haris Abd Wahab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Street children is a global phenomenon and declared as a social problem by social researcher and scholars across the world. The insecure street environment exposes street children into various risk factors. One of them is the health and psychological problem. The objective of this study is to assess the health problem and psychological wellbeing of street children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The cross-sectional study involved 303 street children in Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. The study confirmed that the majority (95.7%) of street children who participated in the study have a health problem. The findings also demonstrated that the majority of them have issues related to their psychological wellbeing. The inputs from this study are instrumental for the suggestion of specific intervention to improve the health and psychology wellbeing of street children in Malaysia. Agencies which are responsible for the street children well-being can utilise the inputs to framing and improving the social care programmes for the children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20children" title="street children">street children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20status" title=" health status"> health status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychology%20wellbeing" title=" psychology wellbeing"> psychology wellbeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homeless" title=" homeless"> homeless</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107193/health-status-and-psychology-wellbeing-of-street-children-in-kuala-lumpur" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3976</span> A Systematic Review of Street-Level Policy Entrepreneurship Strategies in Different Political Contexts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Wang">Hui Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huan%20Zhang"> Huan Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study uses systematic review and qualitative comparative analysis methods to comprehensively inquire about the recent street-level policy entrepreneurship research, to identify the characteristics and lessons we can learn from 20 years of street-level policy entrepreneurship literature, and the relations between political contexts and street-level policy entrepreneurs’ strategies. Using data from a systematic review of street-level policy entrepreneurship literature, we identify the sub-components of different political contexts and core strategies of street-level policy entrepreneurs and estimate the configurational relations between different political settings and street-level policy entrepreneurs’ strategies. Our results show that street-level policy entrepreneurs display social acuity, define the problem, and build team strategies when policy or political streams dominate. Street-level policy entrepreneurs will use lead-by-example strategies when both policy and political streams dominate. Furthermore, street-level policy entrepreneurs will use bureaucratic strategies, even if no stream dominates in the political context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20entrepreneurs" title="policy entrepreneurs">policy entrepreneurs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20comparative%20analysis" title=" qualitative comparative analysis"> qualitative comparative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street-level%20bureaucracy" title=" street-level bureaucracy"> street-level bureaucracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164769/a-systematic-review-of-street-level-policy-entrepreneurship-strategies-in-different-political-contexts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3975</span> Optimization of Commercial Gray Space along the Street from the Perspective of Vitality Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengjiao%20Hu">Mengjiao Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, China's consumption pattern is entering the "experience era"; people's consumption behavior is no longer simply "buy, buy, buy" but the transition from "consumption in space" to "consumption of space". The street is a basic public product and an important public space in the city, and commerce along the street is an important space for people to consume in the "experience era". Therefore, in this way, it is particularly important to create the vitality of the gray space along the street. From the perspective of vitality construction, this paper takes Sha Zheng Street in Chongqing as the empirical object, combined with the theoretical knowledge of behavioral architecture, and based on the current situation of the commercial gray space along Sha Zheng Street, this paper explores the influence factors and the constraints behind the spatial vitality and then puts forward a general strategy to improve the spatial vitality of the commercial gray space along the street. The author hopes that through the exploration of the vitality of commercial gray space along the street, environmental design can be introduced into the integrated design vision of the urban public environment, and the urban designers can be inspired to create a street environment with a living atmosphere with a small start. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitality%20creation" title="vitality creation">vitality creation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20space" title=" gray space"> gray space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20commerce" title=" street commerce"> street commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sha%20zheng%20street" title=" sha zheng street"> sha zheng street</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170660/optimization-of-commercial-gray-space-along-the-street-from-the-perspective-of-vitality-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3974</span> [Keynote Talk]: Surveillance of Food Safety Compliance of Hong Kong Street Food</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Y.%20C.%20Yau">Mabel Y. C. Yau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roy%20C.%20F.%20Lai"> Roy C. F. Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20Y.%20H.%20Or"> Hugo Y. H. Or</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is a pilot surveillance of hygiene compliance and food microbial safety of both licensed and mobile vendors selling Chinese ready–to-eat snack foods in Hong Kong. The study reflects similar situations in running mobile food vending business on trucks. Hong Kong is about to launch the Food Truck Pilot Scheme by the end of 2016 or early 2017. Technically, selling food on the vehicle is no different from hawking food on the street or vending food on the street. Each type of business bears similar food safety issues and cast the same impact on public health. Present findings demonstrate exemplarily situations that also apply to food trucks. 9 types of Cantonese style snacks of 32 samples in total were selected for microbial screening. A total of 16 vending sites including supermarkets, street markets, and snack stores were visited. The study finally focused on a traditional snack, the steamed rice cake with red beans called Put Chai Ko (PCK). PCK is a type of classical Cantonese pastry sold on push carts on the street. It used to be sold at room temperature and served with bamboo sticks in the old days. Some shops would have them sold steam fresh. Microbial examinations on aerobic counts, yeast, and mould, coliform, salmonella as well as Staphylococcus aureus detections were carried out. Salmonella was not detected in all samples. Since PCK does not contain ingredients of beef, poultry, eggs or dairy products, the risk of the presence of Salmonella in PCK was relatively lower although other source of contamination might be possible. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus was found in 6 of the 14 samples sold at room temperature. Among these 6 samples, 3 were PCK. One of the samples was in an unacceptable range of total colony forming units higher than 105. The rest were only satisfactory. Observational evaluations were made with checklists on personal hygiene, premises hygiene, food safety control, food storage, cleaning and sanitization as well as waste disposals. The maximum score was 25 if total compliance were obtained. The highest score among vendors was 20. Three stores were below average, and two of these stores were selling PCK. Most of the non-compliances were on food processing facilities, sanitization conditions and waste disposal. In conclusion, although no food poisoning outbreaks happened during the time of the investigation, the risk of food hazard existed in these stores, especially among street vendors. Attention is needed in the traditional practice of food selling, and that food handlers might not have sufficient knowledge to properly handle food products. Variations in food qualities existed among supply chains or franchise eateries or shops. It was commonly observed that packaging and storage conditions are not properly enforced in the retails. The same situation could be reflected across the food business. It did indicate need of food safety training in the industry and loopholes in quality control among business. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cantonese%20snacks" title="cantonese snacks">cantonese snacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title=" food safety"> food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial" title=" microbial"> microbial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene" title=" hygiene"> hygiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20food" title=" street food"> street food</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57554/keynote-talk-surveillance-of-food-safety-compliance-of-hong-kong-street-food" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3973</span> Street Art Lenses: A Glimpse into the Street Artists’ Identity and Socio-Political Perspective in Brussels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Francisco%20Urrutia%20Reyes">José Francisco Urrutia Reyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Judith%20Espinosa%20Real"> Judith Espinosa Real</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is meant to re-examine the role of street art in the contemporary world. By studying this form of art in Brussels, it can be explained how murals show the socio-political reality of a given community and influence on its interaction. Through the definitions of street art, murals and street artists, and analysing their role in Brussels, it is possible to understand how this counter culture movement serves as an engine of social development, as it interacts with its surroundings sending a clear message to a wider audience. Street art impacts on its environment because it interacts with the people who occupies the day-to-day public space. This has proven to be effective in the arouse of social consciousness, up to the point of being adopted by the government of Brussels to promote social movements such as the AIDS-HIV campaign along with the Plate-Forme Prévention Sida. It can be concluded that street art has evolved since its vandalic beginnings, to become a form of art that has not lost it counter official status, but now has a critical vision that can promote social awakening. Street art is now a global trend that uses visual inputs to create a positive impact. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20art" title="street art">street art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brussels" title=" Brussels"> Brussels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20impact" title=" social impact"> social impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20perspective" title=" political perspective"> political perspective</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22579/street-art-lenses-a-glimpse-into-the-street-artists-identity-and-socio-political-perspective-in-brussels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3972</span> Resistance towards Education System through Street Library Movement: A Study in Sukabumi, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Inbar%20Daeribi">M. Inbar Daeribi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vara%20Leoni"> Vara Leoni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Street Library Movement has been established and started to grow in some cities in Indonesia as a social movement. In the beginning, this movement emerged as a response to Indonesian lack of reading culture. Nevertheless, this study found out that street library movement is not only a literacy movement for developing reading culture. Furthermore, this movement is also a resistance towards education system in Indonesia. Street library movement is a critical consciousness driven by autonomous working group (community) as counter-public form towards Indonesia’s education condition legitimated by the government. This study, conducted in qualitative method with street library movement in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia as the object of study, will examine resistance forms of this movement and its social impacts. By studying this paper, it can be explained how street library movement served as an engine for social development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20library%20movement" title="street library movement">street library movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20movement" title=" social movement"> social movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20system" title=" education system"> education system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64764/resistance-towards-education-system-through-street-library-movement-a-study-in-sukabumi-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3971</span> Survival Strategies of Street Children Using the Urban Space: A Case Study at Sealdah Railway Station Area, Kolkata, West Bengal, India </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibnath%20Sarkar">Sibnath Sarkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developing countries are facing many Social problems. In India, too there are several such problems. The problem of street children is one of them. No country or city anywhere in the world today is without the presence of street children, but the problem is most acute in developing countries. Thousands of street children can be seen in our populous cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, and Chennai. Most of them are in the age group of 5-15 years. The number of street children is increasing gradually. Poverty, unemployment, rapid urbanization, rural-urban migrations are the root causes of street children. Being deprive from many of their, they have escaped to the street as a safe place for living. Street children always related with the urban spaces in the developing world and it represents a sad outcome of the rapid urbanization process. After coming to the streets, these children have to cope with the new situation every day. They also adopt or develop many complex survival strategies and a variety of different informal or even illegal activities in public space and form supportive social networks in order to survive in street life. Street children use the different suitable urban spaces as their earning, living, entertaining spot. Therefore, the livelihoods of young people on the street should analyze in relation to the spaces they use, as well as their age and length of stay on the streets. This paper tries to explore the livelihood strategies and copping situation of street children in Sealdah station area. One hundred seventy-five street living children are included in the study living in and around the railway station. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title="strategies">strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20children" title=" street children"> street children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survive" title=" survive"> survive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban-space" title=" urban-space "> urban-space </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63031/survival-strategies-of-street-children-using-the-urban-space-a-case-study-at-sealdah-railway-station-area-kolkata-west-bengal-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3970</span> Research of Street Aspect Ratio on a Wind Environmental Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Kan">Qi Kan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyu%20Ying"> Xiaoyu Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With a rapid urbanization in China, the high-density new urban-center districts have already changed the microclimate in the city. Because of the using characters of building the commercial pedestrian streets which have emerged massively making a large number of pedestrians appear in there, pedestrian comfort in the commercial streets of the new urban-center districts requires more attention. The different street spatial layout will change the wind environment in the street and then influence the pedestrian comfort. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are used to study the correlation between the street aspect ratio and wind environment, under the simulation with relevant weather conditions. The results show that the wind speed in the city streets is inversely proportional to the street aspect ratio. The conclusion will provide an evaluation basis for urban planners and architects at the beginning stage of the design to effectively avoid the potential poor physical environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20spatial%20layout" title="street spatial layout">street spatial layout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20environment" title=" wind environment"> wind environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20aspect%20ratio" title=" street aspect ratio"> street aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20comfort" title=" pedestrian comfort"> pedestrian comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85340/research-of-street-aspect-ratio-on-a-wind-environmental-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3969</span> The Effect of Street Dust on Urban Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turki%20M.%20Habeebullah">Turki M. Habeebullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel%20Hameed%20A.%20A.%20Awad"> Abdel Hameed A. A. Awad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Munir"> Said Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atif%20M.%20F.%20Mohammed"> Atif M. F. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20A.%20Morsy"> Essam A. Morsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulaziz%20R.%20Seroji"> Abdulaziz R. Seroji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Street dust has been knoweldged as an important source of air pollution. It does not remain deposited in a place for long, as it is easily resuspended back into the atmosphere. Street dust is a complex mixture derived from different sources: Deposited dust, traffic, tire, and brake wear, construction and demolition processes. The present study aims to evaluate the elementals ”iron, calcium, lead, cadmium, nickel, silicon, and selenium” and microbial “bacteria and fungi” contents associated street dust at the holy mosque areas. The street dust was collected by sweeping an arera~1m2 along the both sides of the road. The particles with diameter ≤ 1.7 µm constitued the highest percentages of the total particulate ≤45 µm. Moreover, The crustal species: iron and calcium were found in the highest concentrations, and proof that demolition and constricution were the main source of street dust. Also, the low biodiversity of microorganisms is attributed to severe weather conditions and characteristics of the arid environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust" title="dust">dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial" title=" microbial"> microbial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street" title=" street"> street</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30427/the-effect-of-street-dust-on-urban-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3968</span> Not so Street Theatre: Politics in Theatre of Roots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dani%20Karmakar">Dani Karmakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In India, the journey of street theatre was started with Indian peoples Theatre Association (IPTA) as a tool for anti-establishment that was categorized as by the people and for the people. It has expressed common people’s feelings, problems, day to day life. It has brought a social change that is downtrodden. By its nature, it is based on communist ideology. Street theatre is a theatre of protest. In India, many folk theatres translate directly ‘Street Theatre’, those are Veedhi Natakam in Andhra Pradesh and Therukoothu in Tamil Nadu. But they do not covey to common definition of street theatre. There are different folk theatres of different regions in India. All folk theatres have individual characteristic, criteria, taste and flavor that can render distinctive each others. In festivals or special occasions, whole communities come together to enjoy collectively and express their feelings. The Veedhi Natakam means 'street theatre'. Theru koothu is a traditional street theatre in the northern districts of Tamilnadu. Folk theatre has potential to deliver strong messages. It has a socially significant role. At Veedhi Natakam, Vidhushaka takes part for social criticism. Gambhira is also a socio-political folk drama presentation in West Bengal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folk%20theatre" title="folk theatre">folk theatre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gambhira" title=" Gambhira"> Gambhira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20theatre" title=" street theatre "> street theatre </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25527/not-so-street-theatre-politics-in-theatre-of-roots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3967</span> The Measurements of Nitrogen Dioxide Pollution in Street Canyons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aukse%20Miskinyte">Aukse Miskinyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Audrius%20Dedele"> Audrius Dedele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impact of urban air pollution on human health effects has been revealed in epidemiological studies, which have assessed the associations between various types of gases and particles and negative health outcomes. The percentage of population living in urban areas is increasing, and the assessment of air pollution in certain zones in the city (like street canyons) that have higher level of air pollution and specific dispersion conditions is essential as these places tend to contain a lot of people. Street canyon is defined as a street surrounded by tall buildings on both sides that trapes traffic emissions and prevents pollution dispersion. The aim of this study was to determine the pollution of nitrogen dioxide in street canyons in Kaunas city during cold and warm seasons. The measurements were conducted using passive sampling technique during two-week period in two street canyon sites, whose axes are approximately north-south and north-northeast‒south-southwest. Both of these streets are two-lane roads of 7 meters width, one is in the central part of the city, and other is in the Old Town. The results of two-week measurements showed that the concentration of nitrogen dioxide was higher in summer season than in winter in both street canyon sites. The difference between the level of NO2 in winter and summer seasons was 5.1 and 19.4 µg/m3 in the first and in the second street canyon sites, respectively. The higher concentration of NO2 was determined in the second street canyon site than in the first, although there was calculated lower traffic intensity. These results could be related to the certain street canyon characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20dioxide" title=" nitrogen dioxide"> nitrogen dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20sampler" title=" passive sampler"> passive sampler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20canyon" title=" street canyon"> street canyon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61184/the-measurements-of-nitrogen-dioxide-pollution-in-street-canyons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3966</span> A Future Urban Street Design in Baltimore, Maryland Based on a Hierarchy of Functional Needs and the Context of Autonomous Vehicles, Green Infrastructure, and Evolving Street Typologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Quick">Samuel Quick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to examine future urban street design in the context of developing technologies, evolving street typologies, and projected transportation trends. The goal was to envision a future urban street in the year 2060 that addresses the advent and implementation of autonomous vehicles, the promotion of new street typologies, and the projection of current transportation trends. Using a hierarchy of functional needs for urban streets, the future street was designed and evaluated based on the functions the street provides to the surrounding community. The site chosen for the future street design is an eight-block section of West North Avenue in the city of Baltimore, Maryland. Three different conceptual designs were initially completed and evaluated leading to a master plan for West North Avenue as well as street designs for connecting streets that represent different existing street types. Final designs were compared with the existing street design and evaluated with the adapted ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ theory. The review of the literature and the results from this paper indicate that urban streets will have to become increasingly multi-functional to meet the competing needs of the environment and community. Future streets will have to accommodate multimodal transit which will include mass transit, walking, and biking. Furthermore, a comprehensive implementation of green infrastructure within the urban street will provide access to nature for urban communities and essential stormwater management. With these developments, the future of an urban street will move closer to a greenway typology. Findings from this study indicate that urban street design will have to be policy-driven to promote and implement autonomous bus-rapid-transit in order to conserve street space for other functions. With this conservation of space, urban streets can then provide more functions to the surrounding community, taking a holistic approach to urban street design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20vehicle" title="autonomous vehicle">autonomous vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenway" title=" greenway"> greenway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20infrastructure" title=" green infrastructure"> green infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-modality" title=" multi-modality"> multi-modality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20typology" title=" street typology"> street typology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94429/a-future-urban-street-design-in-baltimore-maryland-based-on-a-hierarchy-of-functional-needs-and-the-context-of-autonomous-vehicles-green-infrastructure-and-evolving-street-typologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3965</span> A New Asset: The Role of Money in the Evolution of 20th Century Street Art</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eileen%20Kim">Eileen Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As socioeconomic disparities grew in New York during the 1970s, artists represented new values that came with the times. Street art, in particular, was birthed from a distinctly urban, fringe setting to ultimately become one of the most lucrative forms of art today. Examining the economic and psychological reasons behind the rise of street art, this paper delves into the development of the art market as a parallel insight into human behaviors and economic models such as supply and demand. The purpose of this study is to show the role of the increasingly divided socioeconomic classes and the rise of art collecting as an asset-building form. This study concludes that the iconography and market value of street art represented distinct values that came from a series of intertwined social matters such as racial tensions and revolutions in industrial innovation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20industry" title="art industry">art industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20representation" title=" cultural representation"> cultural representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title=" ethnicity"> ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=markets" title=" markets"> markets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20property" title=" public property"> public property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20classes" title=" social classes"> social classes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20art" title=" street art"> street art</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139149/a-new-asset-the-role-of-money-in-the-evolution-of-20th-century-street-art" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3964</span> Conflicts and Complexities: a Study of Hong Kong's Bilingual Street Signs from Functional Perspective on Translation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ge%20Song">Ge Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hong Kong’s bilingual street signs declare a kind of correspondence, equivalence and thus translation between the English and Chinese languages. This study finds four translation phenomena among the street signs: domestication with positive connotation, foreignization with negative connotation, bilingual incompatibilities, and cross-street complexities. The interplay of, and the tension between, the four features open up a space where the local and the foreign, the vulgar and the elegant, alternate and experiment with each other, creating a kaleidoscope of methods for expressing and domesticating foreign otherness by virtue of translation. An analysis of the phenomena from the functional perspective reveals how translation has been emancipated to inform a variety of dimensions. This study also renews our understanding of translation as both a concept and a practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20signs" title="street signs">street signs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20landscape" title=" linguistic landscape"> linguistic landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20hybridity" title=" cultural hybridity"> cultural hybridity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Kong" title=" Hong Kong"> Hong Kong</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120581/conflicts-and-complexities-a-study-of-hong-kongs-bilingual-street-signs-from-functional-perspective-on-translation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3963</span> Street Begging: A Loss of Human Resource in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaiman%20Kassim%20Ibrahim">Sulaiman Kassim Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human Resource is one of the most important elements in any country. They are very important in actualizing the potential of every sector in the country, i.e Agric, Education, Finance, Judiciary and all formal and informal sectors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the loss of human resource in Nigeria through street begging. The study used intensive literature review. Finding from the review indicate that a significant number of human resource are into street begging in the country undeveloped and untapped. The paper recommend that policy should be initiated to discourage street begging, develop this resource through education and empowerment, stop rural-urban migration by providing infrastructure in the rural areas and abolish informal (Almajiri or beggars school) and transform it into formal school. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource" title="human resource">human resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20begging" title=" street begging"> street begging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Almajiri" title=" Almajiri"> Almajiri</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78702/street-begging-a-loss-of-human-resource-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3962</span> Spatial Optimization of Riverfront Street Based on Inclusive Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lianxue%20Shi">Lianxue Shi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Riverfront street has the dual characteristics of street space and waterfront space, which is not only a vital place for residents to travel and communicate but also a high-frequency space for people's leisure and entertainment. However, under the development of cities and towns pursuing efficiency, riverfront streets appear to have a variety of problems, such as a lack of multifunctionality, insufficient facilities, and loss of characteristics, which fail to meet the needs of various groups of people, and their inclusiveness is facing a great challenge. It is, therefore, evident that the optimization of riverfront street space from an inclusivity perspective is important to the establishment of a human-centered, high-quality urban space. Therefore, this article starts by exploring the interactive relationship between inclusive design and street space. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the riverfront street space and people's needs, it proposes the four inclusive design orientations of natural inclusion, group inclusion, spatial inclusion, and social inclusion. It then constructs a design framework for the inclusive optimization of riverfront street space, aiming to create streets that are “safe and accessible, diverse and shared, distinctive and friendly, green and sustainable”. Riverfront streets in Wansheng District, Chongqing, are selected as a practice case, and specific strategies are put forward in four aspects: the creation of an accessible slow-traffic system, the provision of diversified functional services, the reshaping of emotional bonds and the integration of ecological spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusiveness%20design" title="inclusiveness design">inclusiveness design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riverfront%20street" title=" riverfront street"> riverfront street</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20optimization" title=" spatial optimization"> spatial optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20spaces" title=" street spaces"> street spaces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188358/spatial-optimization-of-riverfront-street-based-on-inclusive-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3961</span> Public Perception on Child Street Hawking in Aba Urban, Abia State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Anyaogu">Paul Anyaogu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20U.%20M.%20Igbo"> E. U. M. Igbo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the public view on child street hawking in Aba Urban, Abia State, Nigeria, its causes and effect on the child participant and society at large. The study tends to investigate the influence of socioeconomic status on child street hawking. The current situation reflects a chronic urban poverty, which disposed of parents/guardians to send their children and wards of school age to income yielding activities. A social survey research design was employed to select the respondents. A total of 1,108 questionnaires were administered to the respondents of 18 years and above and 1,038 were retrieved. Also, 24 in-depth interviews were conducted in the study area. The findings revealed that child street hawking is on the increase and a serious threat to social cohesion and national security. The study also revealed that poverty is a major cause of child street hawking. The study recommends that government should create job opportunities for urban dwellers, as well as provide social amenities and also put up poverty alleviation/eradication programmes for the people. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aba%20Urban" title="Aba Urban">Aba Urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20street%20hawking" title=" child street hawking"> child street hawking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dangers" title=" dangers"> dangers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disposition" title=" disposition"> disposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52158/public-perception-on-child-street-hawking-in-aba-urban-abia-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3960</span> A Study on Social and Economic Conditions of Street Vendors Using Field Survey Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruchika%20Yadav">Ruchika Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Street vendors are the integral component of urban economies of the world. They are the distributors of affordable goods and services and provide convenient and accessible retail options to the customers and form a vital part of the social and economic life of a city. A street vendor as an occupation existed for hundreds of years and considered to be as a cornerstone of many cities. In this paper, our objective is to analyze the socio-economic profile of street vendors, identification of their problems and to suggest remedial measures for the betterment based on the observation and suggestions of the street vendors. To conduct this study, primary data has been collected with the help of field survey and direct questionnaire to the respondents in Aligarh City which contains all the information relevant to social and economic conditions. The overall analysis of this study reveals street vendors are the backward sections of the society possess medium to the low-level standard of living due to illiteracy; their working environment and social security issues are not addressed properly. They are unaware of many of the governmental schemes launched for poverty alleviation and their poor accessibility in basic amenities leads to the backward socio-economic status in the society. The results found in this study can be very useful and helping tool for the policymakers to know the socio-economic conditions of the street vendors in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abject%20poverty" title="abject poverty">abject poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20conditions" title=" socio-economic conditions"> socio-economic conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20vendors" title=" street vendors"> street vendors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title=" vulnerability"> vulnerability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97701/a-study-on-social-and-economic-conditions-of-street-vendors-using-field-survey-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3959</span> Estimation of Carbon Uptake of Seoul City Street Trees in Seoul and Plans for Increase Carbon Uptake by Improving Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Woo%20Park">Min Woo Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Do%20Chung"> Jin Do Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyu%20Yeol%20Kim"> Kyu Yeol Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byoung%20Uk%20Im"> Byoung Uk Im</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang%20Woo%20Kim"> Jang Woo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hae%20Yeul%20Ryu"> Hae Yeul Ryu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nine representative species of trees among all the street trees were selected to estimate the absorption amount of carbon dioxide emitted from street trees in Seoul calculating the biomass, amount of carbon saved, and annual absorption amount of carbon dioxide in each of the species. Planting distance of street trees in Seoul was 1,851,180 m, the number of planting lines was 1,287, the number of planted trees was 284,498 and 46 species of trees were planted as of 2013. According to the result of plugging the quantity of species of street trees in Seoul on the absorption amount of each of the species, 120,097 ton of biomass, 60,049.8 ton of amount of carbon saved, and 11,294 t CO2/year of annual absorption amount of carbon dioxide were calculated. Street ratio mentioned on the road statistics in Seoul in 2022 is 23.13%. If the street trees are assumed to be increased in the same rate, the number of street trees in Seoul was calculated to be 294,823. The planting distance was estimated to be 1,918,360 m, and the annual absorption amount of carbon dioxide was measured to be 11,704 t CO2/year. Plans for improving the annual absorption amount of carbon dioxide from street trees were established based on the expected amount of absorption. First of all, it is to improve the annual absorption amount of carbon dioxide by increasing the number of planted street trees after adjusting the planting distance of street trees. If adjusting the current planting distance to 6 m, it was turned out that 12,692.7 t CO2/year was absorbed on an annual basis. Secondly, it is to change the species of trees to tulip trees that represent high absorption rate. If increasing the proportion of tulip trees to 30% up to 2022, the annual absorption rate of carbon dioxide was calculated to be 17804.4 t CO2/year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20of%20carbon%20dioxide" title="absorption of carbon dioxide">absorption of carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20of%20absorbing%20carbon%20dioxide" title=" source of absorbing carbon dioxide"> source of absorbing carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trees%20in%20city" title=" trees in city"> trees in city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improving%20species" title=" improving species"> improving species</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24639/estimation-of-carbon-uptake-of-seoul-city-street-trees-in-seoul-and-plans-for-increase-carbon-uptake-by-improving-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3958</span> Migratory Trajectory of Transnational Street Beggars in South Western, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Adekunle%20Ojedokun">Usman Adekunle Ojedokun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeyinka%20Abideen%20Aderinto"> Adeyinka Abideen Aderinto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Migration remains an important course of action often resort-to by human and some other classes of animal for survival in the face of life-threatening conditions. However, the activity of certain group of immigrants, who are exploiting the socio-economic and environmental challenges in their home countries to conduct street begging across different countries in Africa, is fast becoming a major cause for concern. This paper examined the migratory trajectory of transnational street beggars in South Western, Nigeria. Strain and Migration Network Theories were adopted for the study. The methods of data collection were survey questionnaire, in-depth interview, and key informant interview. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were employed for the selection of 395 transnational street beggars and 4 key informants were purposively chosen. Findings revealed that transnational street beggars immigrated into Nigeria all year round and all of them came by road. Also, while some of them entered the country officially, others gained entry illegally. The majority (29.3%) arrived through Sokoto, a border State to some neighbouring countries. This study calls for more security measures at the Nigerian borders as a way of controlling the influx of this category of beggars into the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20street%20beggars" title="transnational street beggars">transnational street beggars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20begging" title=" street begging"> street begging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19078/migratory-trajectory-of-transnational-street-beggars-in-south-western-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3957</span> HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Social Integration among Street Children: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewi%20Indah%20Irianti">Dewi Indah Irianti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Street children include one of the populations at risk of HIV infection. Their vulnerability to these situations is increased by their lack of understanding of the changes associated with adolescence, the lack of knowledge and skills which could help them to make healthy choices. Social integration increased AIDS knowledge among migrant workers in Thailand. Although social integration has been incorporated into health research in other areas, it has received less attention in AIDS prevention research. This factor has not been integrated into models for HIV prevention. Objectives: The goal of this review is to summarize available knowledge about factors related to HIV/AIDS knowledge and to examine whether social integration was reviewed among street children. Methodology: This study performed a systematic search for English language articles published between January 2006 and March 2016 using the following keywords in various combination: street children, HIV/AIDS knowledge and social integration from the following bibliographic databases: Scopus, ProQuest, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, EBSCOhost, Sage Publication, Clinical Key, Google Web, and Google Scholar . Results: A total of 10 articles met the inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed. This study reviews the existing quantitative and qualitative literature regarding the HIV/AIDS knowledge of street children in many countries. The study locations were Asia, the Americas, Europe, and Africa. The most determinants associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge among street children are age and sex. In this review, social integration that may be associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge among street children has not been investigated. Conclusion: To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study found that there is no research examining the relationship of social integration with the HIV knowledge among street children. This information may assist in the development of relevant strategies and HIV prevention programs to improve HIV knowledge and decrease risk behaviors among street children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%2FAIDS%20knowledge" title="HIV/AIDS knowledge">HIV/AIDS knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title=" review"> review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20integration" title=" social integration"> social integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20children" title=" street children"> street children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56061/hivaids-knowledge-and-social-integration-among-street-children-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3956</span> Difference between Riding a Bicycle on a Sidewalk or in the Street by Usual Traveling Means</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ai%20Fujii">Ai Fujii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kan%20Shimazaki"> Kan Shimazaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bicycle users must ride on the street according the law in Japan, but in practice, many bicycle users ride on the sidewalk. Drivers generally feel that bicycles riding in the street are in the way. In contrast, pedestrians generally feel that bicycles riding on the sidewalk are in the way. That seems to make sense. What, then, is the difference between riding a bicycle on the sidewalk or in the street by usual traveling means. We made 3D computer graphics models of pedestrians, a car, and a bicycle at an intersection. The bicycle was positioned to choose between advancing to the sidewalk or the street after a few seconds. We then made a 2D stimulus picture by changing the point of view of the 3DCG model pictures. Attitudes were surveyed using this 2D stimulus picture, and we compared attitudes between three groups, people traveling by car, on foot, or by bicycle. Here we report the survey result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bicycle" title="bicycle">bicycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sidewalk" title=" sidewalk"> sidewalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrians" title=" pedestrians"> pedestrians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driver" title=" driver"> driver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection" title=" intersection"> intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75886/difference-between-riding-a-bicycle-on-a-sidewalk-or-in-the-street-by-usual-traveling-means" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3955</span> Examining the Cognitive Abilities and Financial Literacy Among Street Entrepreneurs: Evidence From North-East, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aayushi%20Lyngwa">Aayushi Lyngwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bimal%20Kishore%20Sahoo"> Bimal Kishore Sahoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study discusses the relationship between cognitive ability and the level of education attained by the tribal street entrepreneurs on their financial literacy. It is driven by the objective of examining the effect of cognitive ability on financial ability on the one hand and determining the effect of the same on financial literacy on the other. A field experiment was conducted on 203 tribal street vendors in the north-eastern Indian state of Mizoram. This experiment's calculations are conditioned by providing each question scores like math score (cognitive ability), financial score and debt score (financial ability). After that, categories for each of the variables, like math category (math score), financial category (financial score) and debt category (debt score), are generated to run the regression model. Since the dependent variable is ordinal, an ordered logit regression model was applied. The study shows that street vendors' cognitive and financial abilities are highly correlated. It, therefore, confirms that cognitive ability positively affects the financial literacy of street vendors through the increase in attainment of educational levels. It is also found that concerning the type of street vendors, regular street vendors are more likely to have better cognitive abilities than temporary street vendors. Additionally, street vendors with more cognitive and financial abilities gained better monthly profits and performed habits of bookkeeping. The study attempts to draw a particular focus on a set-up which is economically and socially marginalized in the Indian economy. Its finding contributes to understanding financial literacy in an understudied area and provides policy implications through inclusive financial systems solutions in an economy limited to tribal street vendors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20literacy" title="financial literacy">financial literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20entrepreneurs" title=" street entrepreneurs"> street entrepreneurs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribals" title=" tribals"> tribals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20ability" title=" cognitive ability"> cognitive ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20ability" title=" financial ability"> financial ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordered%20logit%20regression." title=" ordered logit regression."> ordered logit regression.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161660/examining-the-cognitive-abilities-and-financial-literacy-among-street-entrepreneurs-evidence-from-north-east-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20food&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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