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E. Clyde Todd</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Edmond_Clyde_Todd" title="Walter Edmond Clyde Todd – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Walter Edmond Clyde Todd" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Edmond_Clyde_Todd" title="Walter Edmond Clyde Todd – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Walter Edmond Clyde Todd" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Edmond_Clyde_Todd" title="Walter Edmond Clyde Todd – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Walter Edmond Clyde Todd" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Edmond_Clyde_Todd" title="Walter Edmond Clyde Todd – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Walter Edmond Clyde Todd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4,_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Тодд, Уолтер Эдмонд Клайд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тодд, Уолтер Эдмонд Клайд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American ornithologist</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W_E_Clyde_Todd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/W_E_Clyde_Todd.jpg/220px-W_E_Clyde_Todd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/W_E_Clyde_Todd.jpg/330px-W_E_Clyde_Todd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/W_E_Clyde_Todd.jpg/440px-W_E_Clyde_Todd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3515" data-file-height="5585" /></a><figcaption>c. 1928</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Walter Edmond Clyde Todd</b> (<a href="/wiki/Smithfield,_Ohio" title="Smithfield, Ohio">Smithfield, Ohio</a>, September 6, 1874 – June 25, 1969) was an American <a href="/wiki/Ornithologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithologist">ornithologist</a> who worked at the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Carnegie Museum of Natural History">Carnegie Museum</a>. He collected specimens mainly in the arctic zone and was the author of several books. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._E._Clyde_Todd&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1891 Todd abandoned his studies at <a href="/wiki/Geneva_College" title="Geneva College">Geneva College</a> to take up a post as messenger with <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hart_Merriam" title="Clinton Hart Merriam">Clinton Hart Merriam</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>, where his first job was the sorting and cataloging of a collection of <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a> <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomachs</a> preserved in <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> he met many leading scientists including <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ridgway" title="Robert Ridgway">Robert Ridgway</a>, whom he took as a <a href="/wiki/Role_model" title="Role model">role model</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W_Clyde_Todd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/W_Clyde_Todd.jpg/170px-W_Clyde_Todd.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/W_Clyde_Todd.jpg/255px-W_Clyde_Todd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/W_Clyde_Todd.jpg/340px-W_Clyde_Todd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Portrait c. 1903</figcaption></figure> <p>Discontented with government work, in 1898 Todd contracted with the fledgling <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museums_of_Pittsburgh" title="Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh">Carnegie Museum</a> to collect bird specimens in western <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. He soon joined the museum as Assistant, and remained there the rest of his working life, which was much prolonged beyond any normal retirement age. He continued with field work on Pennsylvania, and later in north-eastern Canada, and would later produce two major works, <i>Birds of Western Pennsylvania</i> (1940) and <i>Birds of the Labrador peninsula and adjacent areas</i> (1963); along with many descriptions of new taxa and systematic studies based on the museum's growing collection of neotropical birds. Todd's specialty was the Arctic – he participated in over twenty expeditions before producing <i>Birds of the Labrador Peninsula</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He chose the Arctic as his specialty because of a bout of malaria he contracted while working in Washington, DC,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which prevented him from working in tropical climates. Despite his inability to do fieldwork in Central and South America, his first book was called <i>The Birds of Santa Marta</i> and focused on a particular region of Colombia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Todd's research was based entirely on the collections of bird skins he had amassed at the Carnegie Museum. He was awarded a Brewster medal in 1925. </p><p>A long-time Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Ornithologists%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="American Ornithologists' Union">American Ornithologists' Union</a>, he was elected Fellow Emeritus in 1968. He was also noted for his local initiatives in conservation and philanthropy. In his book <i>Birds of Western Pennsylvania</i> (1940) and his pamphlet (published posthumously) <i>Birds of the Buffalo Creek Region</i>, he displays both his love of Western Pennsylvania ecology and a prescience about such topics as urban sprawl, global warming, and <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">habitat fragmentation</a>. He was also a vocal critic of private collections and of museums that amassed multiple versions of the same bird or bird's eggs, denouncing such practices as wasteful and not contributing to the study of birds. Although he married, he became a widower early in life and did not have any children. As a result, he devoted a substantial amount of personal resources to conservation of the area where he had spent much of his childhood, Buffalo Township (in Butler County). In 1942, he purchased seventy-one acres on the site of his grandfather's farm, where he had made his first significant ornithological discovery. The land would otherwise have been logged; he rescued it via his purchase and donated it to the <a href="/wiki/Audubon_Society_of_Western_Pennsylvania" title="Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania">Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania</a> (ASWP) with the suggestion that it be turned into a nature reserve. The society honored his wishes, and in 1956 he donated an additional sixty-one acres south of his initial donation.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ASWP has continued to add to the nature reserve and as of 2009 it stood at 224 acres (0.91 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Todd_Nature_Reserve" title="Todd Nature Reserve">Todd Nature Reserve</a>, located off Route 28 and Highway 356 in Butler County, is named for W.E. Clyde Todd and is open to the public dawn to dusk throughout the year (with the exception of hunting season in November–December). </p><p>The ASWP annually awards the W.E. Clyde Todd Award to recognize "an individual who has made an outstanding contribution to conservation in western Pennsylvania."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._E._Clyde_Todd&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs more complete <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">add missing citation information</a> so that sources are clearly identifiable.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Institutional History of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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.cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_C._Parkes1970" class="citation journal cs1">Kenneth C. Parkes (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sora.unm.edu/node/22036">"In Memoriam Walter Edmond Clyde Todd"</a>. <i>Auk</i>. <b>87</b> (4): 635–649. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4083701">10.2307/4083701</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4083701">4083701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=In+Memoriam+Walter+Edmond+Clyde+Todd&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=635-649&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4083701&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4083701%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Kenneth+C.+Parkes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsora.unm.edu%2Fnode%2F22036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+E.+Clyde+Todd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Edmond Clyde Todd, Melbourne Armstrong Carriker (1922) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924022518686"><i>The Birds of the Santa Marta Region of Colombia: A Study in Altitudinal Distribution</i></a>, Annals of the Carnegie Museum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Western Pennsylvania Plat maps, courtesy of the Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ASWP Bulletin, Courtesy Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ASWP Environmental and Conservation Awards <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.aswp.org/education/Environmentalawards.html">[1]</a>. Retrieved December 29, 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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