carbon dioxide - Kids | Britannica Kids

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Green plants use the carbon dioxide, along with sunlight and water, to create sugars." data-credit="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc." data-assembly-id="178322">Carbon dioxide is a <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/chemical-element/352942">chemical</a> <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/molecule/353479">compound</a> that is usually in the form of a gas. It is made up of one <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/atom/352802">atom</a> of <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/carbon/352910">carbon</a> and two atoms of <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/oxygen/353585">oxygen</a>. Its chemical formula is CO<sub>2</sub>. Carbon dioxide was discovered in the 1600s by a Belgian chemist named Jan Baptist van Helmont.</p></div></div></div> <div class="panel panel-default"><div role="tab" class="panel-heading open"><h4 class="panel-title"><a role="button">Essential for Life</a></h4><nav class="tts-nav"><ul class="tts-controls disabled"><li><a href="#" class="tts-reverse fontello-icon-to-start" title="Read Aloud: Rewind (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-toggle fontello-icon-play" title="Read Aloud: Play/Stop (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-forward fontello-icon-to-end" title="Read Aloud: Fast Forward (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li></ul></nav></div><div id="309345-toc" role="tabpanel"><div class="panel-body"><p>Carbon dioxide is necessary for life on Earth. When animals breathe out, they release carbon dioxide into the air. Plants use this carbon dioxide to make their own food in a process called <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/photosynthesis/353624">photosynthesis</a>. Plants then release oxygen into the air for animals to breathe in.</p><p>Carbon dioxide also is an essential part of Earth’s <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/atmosphere/352801">atmosphere</a>. Even though it makes up only about 0.03 percent of the atmosphere, it plays an important role as a greenhouse gas. A greenhouse gas traps energy from the Sun, which warms Earth’s surface. This is known as the <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/greenhouse-effect/403919">greenhouse effect</a>. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be much too cold for life.</p><p>However, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases as people burn <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/fossil-fuel/399465">fossil fuels</a>. More carbon dioxide in the air traps more heat, which leads to <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/global-warming/353185">global warming</a>.</p></div></div></div> <div class="panel panel-default"><div role="tab" class="panel-heading open"><h4 class="panel-title"><a role="button">Everyday Uses</a></h4><nav class="tts-nav"><ul class="tts-controls disabled"><li><a href="#" class="tts-reverse fontello-icon-to-start" title="Read Aloud: Rewind (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-toggle fontello-icon-play" title="Read Aloud: Play/Stop (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-forward fontello-icon-to-end" title="Read Aloud: Fast Forward (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li></ul></nav></div><div id="309346-toc" role="tabpanel"><div class="panel-body"><p>In solid form, carbon dioxide is a useful substance called dry ice. Carbon dioxide becomes a solid at a very low temperature, so dry ice is very cold. But unlike ice made from <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/water/390625">water</a>, dry ice does not melt. Instead, it goes straight from a solid to a gas. Dry ice may be used when shipping meat, ice cream, or other products that need to be kept cold.</p><p>Carbon dioxide is useful in baking as well. <a class="reflink" href="/kids/article/yeast/442746">Yeast</a>, baking powder, and baking soda all release carbon dioxide gas when they are mixed into batter or dough. The gas forms bubbles, which cause the batter or dough to rise, or expand.</p><p>Carbon dioxide also is added to drinks like soda pop to make them bubbly. These fizzy drinks are called carbonated beverages.</p><p>Finally, carbon dioxide is used in a variety of nonedible products. It is used to make plastic foam. Life rafts and life jackets may be inflated with it. 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