CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="Yes"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Response of drought to climate extremes in a semi-arid inland river basin in China | Journal of Arid Land </title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Response of drought to climate extremes in a semi-arid inland river basin in China"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Journal of Arid Land - Against the backdrop of global warming, climate extremes and drought events have become more severe, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. This study forecasted the..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/40333"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="40333"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Response of drought to climate extremes in a semi-arid inland river basin in China"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Journal of Arid Land 2024 16:11"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-11-16"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s)"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2024 The Author(s)"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="Against the backdrop of global warming, climate extremes and drought events have become more severe, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. This study forecasted the characteristics of climate extremes in the Xilin River Basin (a semi-arid inland river basin) of China for the period of 2021–2100 by employing a multi-model ensemble approach based on three climate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Furthermore, a linear regression, a wavelet analysis, and the correlation analysis were conducted to explore the response of climate extremes to the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), as well as their respective trends during the historical period from 1970 to 2020 and during the future period from 2021 to 2070. The results indicated that extreme high temperatures and extreme precipitation will further intensify under the higher forcing scenarios (SSP5-8.5&gt;SSP2-4.5&gt;SSP1-2.6) in the future. The SPEI trends under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios were estimated as −0.003/a, −0.004/a, and −0.008/a, respectively, indicating a drier future climate. During the historical period (1970–2020), the SPEI and SDI trends were −0.003/a and −0.016/a, respectively, with significant cycles of 15 and 22 a, and abrupt changes occurring in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The next abrupt change in the SPEI was projected to occur in the 2040s. The SPEI had a significant positive correlation with both summer days (SU) and heavy precipitation days (R10mm), while the SDI was only significantly positively correlated with R10mm. Additionally, the SPEI and SDI exhibited a strong and consistent positive correlation at a cycle of 4–6 a, indicating a robust interdependence between the two indices. These findings have important implications for policy makers, enabling them to improve water resource management of inland river basins in arid and semi-arid areas under future climate uncertainty."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="2194-7783"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Journal of Arid Land"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-11-16"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="16"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="11"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="1505"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="1521"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s)"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Arid Land"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="J. Arid Land"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Science Press"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2194-7783"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Response of drought to climate extremes in a semi-arid inland river basin in China"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="16"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="11"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/11"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/16"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1505"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="1521"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5"/> <meta name="size" content="151756"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="Against the backdrop of global warming, climate extremes and drought events have become more severe, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. This study for"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Qu, Zhicheng"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Yao, Shunyu"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Liu, Dongwei"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Physical Geography"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Plant Ecology"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Sustainable Development"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Atmosphere; citation_title=Climate extremes over the Arabian Peninsula using RegCM4 for present conditions forced by several CMIP5 models; citation_author=M Almazroui; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=11; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=675; citation_doi=10.3390/atmos10110675; citation_id=CR1"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Science of the Total Environment; citation_title=How heatwaves affect short-term emergency hospital admissions due to bacterial foodborne diseases; citation_author=M S Ascaso, J Diaz, J A Lopez-Bueno; citation_volume=946; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=174209; citation_doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174209; citation_id=CR2"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies; citation_title=A copula-based drought assessment framework considering global simulation models; citation_author=A S Ballarin, G L Barros, M C Cabrera; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=100970; citation_id=CR3"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Energy; citation_title=Co-movements and causalities between ethanol production and corn prices in the USA: New evidence from wavelet transform analysis; citation_author=F Bilgili, E Kocak, S Kuskaya; citation_volume=259; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=124874; citation_doi=10.1016/j.energy.2022.124874; citation_id=CR4"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Theoretical and Applied Climatology; citation_title=Characterization of hydro-meteorological droughts based on dynamic future scenarios and effective rainfall over Central Malawi; citation_author=S R Chikabvumbwa, N Salehnia, A Gholami; citation_volume=155; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=1959-1975; citation_doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04715-7; citation_id=CR5"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Computers and Electronics in Agriculture; citation_title=Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) estimated using variant long short-term memory network at four climatic zones of China; citation_author=J A Dong, L Q Xing, N B Cui; citation_volume=213; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=108253; citation_doi=10.1016/j.compag.2023.108253; citation_id=CR6"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Groundwater for Sustainable Development; citation_title=Implications of rainfall variability on groundwater recharge and sustainable management in South Asian capitals: An in-depth analysis using Mann Kendall tests, continuous wavelet coherence, and innovative trend analysis; citation_author=M A Fattah, M M Hasan, I A Dola; citation_volume=24; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=101060; citation_doi=10.1016/j.gsd.2023.101060; citation_id=CR7"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Catena; citation_title=Permafrost temperature dynamics and its climate relations in various Tibetan alpine grasslands; citation_author=S R Gao, G L Jiang, Z Q Zhang; citation_volume=241; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=108065; citation_doi=10.1016/j.catena.2024.108065; citation_id=CR8"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics; citation_title=Reduction of future monsoon precipitation over China: Comparison between a high resolution RCM simulation and the driving GCM; citation_author=X Gao, Y Shi, R Song; citation_volume=100; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=73-86; citation_doi=10.1007/s00703-008-0296-5; citation_id=CR9"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology; citation_title=Evaluating the effect of the SPI and SPEI methods on drought monitoring over Turkey; citation_author=V Gumus; citation_volume=626; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=130386; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130386; citation_id=CR10"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=International Journal of Climatology; citation_title=Projected changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the Silk Road Economic Belt regions by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 multi-model ensembles; citation_author=T T Han, H P Chen, X Hao; citation_volume=38; citation_issue=11; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=4077-4091; citation_doi=10.1002/joc.5553; citation_id=CR11"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Nature Climate Change; citation_title=Evaluation of CMIP5 palaeo-simulations to improve climate projections; citation_author=S P Harrison, P J Bartlein, K Izumi; citation_volume=5; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=735-743; citation_doi=10.1038/nclimate2649; citation_id=CR12"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Science of the Total Environment; citation_title=Intensifying spatially compound heatwaves: Global implications to crop production and human population; citation_author=W U Hassan, M A Nayak, M F Azam; citation_volume=932; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=172914; citation_doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172914; citation_id=CR13"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Renewable Energy; citation_title=Residential solar energy consumption and greenhouse gas nexus: Evidence from Morlet wavelet transforms; citation_author=S Kuskaya; citation_volume=192; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=793-804; citation_doi=10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.107; citation_id=CR14"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology; citation_title=How standard are standardized drought indices? Uncertainty components for the SPI & SPEI case; citation_author=J Laimighofer, G Laaha; citation_volume=613; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=128385; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128385; citation_id=CR15"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Remote Sensing; citation_title=Projected meteorological drought over Asian drylands under different CMIP6 scenarios; citation_author=H W Li, Z Li, Y N Chen; citation_volume=13; citation_issue=21; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=4409; citation_doi=10.3390/rs13214409; citation_id=CR16"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres; citation_title=Changing spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation extremes in China during 2071–2100 based on earth system models; citation_author=J F Li, Q Zhang, Y Q Chen; citation_volume=118; citation_issue=22; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=12537-12555; citation_id=CR17"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology; citation_title=Research on the future climate change and runoff response in the mountainous area of Yongding watershed; citation_author=J Z Li, Y P Li, T Zhang; citation_volume=625; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=130108; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130108; citation_id=CR18"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Renewable Energy; citation_title=Development of an integrated model on the basis of GCMs-RF-FA for predicting wind energy resources under climate change impact: A case study of Jing-Jin-Ji region in China; citation_author=Y Liu, Y P Li, G H Huang; citation_volume=219; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=119547; citation_doi=10.1016/j.renene.2023.119547; citation_id=CR19"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation; citation_title=Rapid and extensive expansion of shrub encroachment into grassland in Xilin Gol League, China, and its driving forces; citation_author=X Q Lv, J H Liu, H K Balzter; citation_volume=132; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=104009; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jag.2024.104009; citation_id=CR20"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Weather and Climate Extremes; citation_title=Evaluation of extreme precipitation climate indices and their projected changes for Brazil: From CMIP3 to CMIP6; citation_author=F J Medeiros, C P Oliveira, A Avila-Diaz; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=100511; citation_doi=10.1016/j.wace.2022.100511; citation_id=CR21"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology; citation_title=Utilizing machine learning and CMIP6 projections for short-term agricultural drought monitoring in central Europe (1900–2100); citation_author=S Mohammed, S Arshad, F Alsilibe; citation_volume=633; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=130968; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130968; citation_id=CR22"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology; citation_title=Rainfall-runoff modeling using conceptual, data driven, and wavelet based computing approach; citation_author=P C Nayak, B Venkatesh, B Krishna; citation_volume=493; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=57-67; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.016; citation_id=CR23"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ecological Informatics; citation_title=Investigation of climate, land cover and lake level pattern changes and interactions using remotely sensed data and wavelet analysis; citation_author=V Nourani, R Tootoonchi, S Andaryani; citation_volume=64; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=101330; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101330; citation_id=CR24"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Science of the Total Environment; citation_title=Water scarcity in the Yellow River Basin under future climate change and human activities; citation_author=A Omer, N A Elagib, Z G Ma; citation_volume=749; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=141446; citation_doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141446; citation_id=CR25"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ecological Processes; citation_title=Groundwater recharge rates and surface runoff response to land use and land cover changes in semi-arid environments; citation_author=S O Owuor, K Butterbach-Bahl, A C Guzha; citation_volume=5; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=16; citation_doi=10.1186/s13717-016-0060-6; citation_id=CR26"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Science of the Total Environment; citation_title=Variations of compound warm, dry, wet, and cold climate extremes in India during 1951 to 2014; citation_author=S Rehana, V Nannaka, S K Mummidivarapu; citation_volume=950; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=175164; citation_doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175164; citation_id=CR27"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environmental Research Letters; citation_title=Attribution of the record-breaking heat event over Northeast Asia in summer 2018: the role of circulation; citation_author=L W Ren, T J Zhou, W X Zhang; citation_volume=15; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=054018; citation_doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ab8032; citation_id=CR28"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology; citation_title=Accelerated lagged compound floods and droughts in northwest North America under 1.5°C–4°C global warming levels; citation_author=R Rezvani, M Rahimimovaghar, W Na; citation_volume=624; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=129906; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129906; citation_id=CR29"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Atmospheric Research; citation_title=Comparison of multi-model ensembles of global and regional climate model projections for daily characteristics of precipitation over four major river basins in southern Africa. Part II: Future changes under 1.5°C, 2.0°C and 3.0°C warming levels; citation_author=S Samuel, A Dosio, K Mphale; citation_volume=293; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=106921; citation_doi=10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106921; citation_id=CR30"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Atmospheric Research; citation_title=A review on the applications of wavelet transform in hydrology time series analysis; citation_author=Y F Sang; citation_volume=122; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=8-15; citation_doi=10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.11.003; citation_id=CR31"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Weather and Climate Extremes; citation_title=Climate extremes constrain agency and long-term health: A qualitative case study in a Pacific Small Island Developing State; citation_author=A Savage, H Bambrick, D Gallegos; citation_volume=31; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=100293; citation_doi=10.1016/j.wace.2020.100293; citation_id=CR32"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Weather and Climate Extremes; citation_title=ENSO-based outlook of droughts and agricultural outcomes in Afghanistan; citation_author=S Shukla, F Zaheer, A Hoell; citation_volume=45; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=100697; citation_doi=10.1016/j.wace.2024.100697; citation_id=CR33"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Climate; citation_title=Controls of global-mean precipitation increases in global warming GCM experiments; citation_author=G L Stephens, T D Ellis; citation_volume=21; citation_issue=23; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=6141-6155; citation_doi=10.1175/2008JCLI2144.1; citation_id=CR34"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Atmospheric Research; citation_title=Insight from CMIP6 SSP-RCP scenarios for future drought characteristics in China; citation_author=B D Su, J L Huang, S K Mondal; citation_volume=250; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=105375; citation_doi=10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105375; citation_id=CR35"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; citation_title=An overview of biofuels policies and industrialization in the major biofuel producing countries; citation_author=Y J Su, P D Zhang, Y Q Su; citation_volume=50; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=991-1003; citation_doi=10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.032; citation_id=CR36"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=International Journal of Climatology; citation_title=Extreme climate events and agricultural climate indices in China: CMIP5 model evaluation and projections; citation_author=Q H Sun, C Y Miao, Q Y Duan; citation_volume=36; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=43-61; citation_doi=10.1002/joc.4328; citation_id=CR37"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Geographical Review; citation_title=An approach toward a rational classification of climate; citation_author=C W Thornthwaite; citation_volume=38; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1948; citation_pages=55-94; citation_doi=10.2307/210739; citation_id=CR38"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Science of the Total Environment; citation_title=Dominance of soil moisture over aridity in explaining vegetation greenness across global drylands; citation_author=I M Tripathi, S S Mahto, A P Kushwaha; citation_volume=917; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=170482; citation_doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170482; citation_id=CR39"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Nature Climate Change; citation_title=Twenty-first-century projections of North Atlantic tropical storms from CMIP5 models; citation_author=G Villarini, G A Vecchi; citation_volume=2; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=604-607; citation_doi=10.1038/nclimate1530; citation_id=CR40"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology; citation_title=Exploring future trends of precipitation and runoff in arid regions under different scenarios based on a bias-corrected CMIP6 model; citation_author=Q Z Wang, Y F Sun, Q Y Guan; citation_volume=630; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=130666; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130666; citation_id=CR41"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology; citation_title=Effects of global warming on drought onset in China; citation_author=S P Wang, Q Zhang, Y Z Liu; citation_volume=632; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=130964; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130964; citation_id=CR42"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Atmospheric Research; citation_title=Evaluation of extreme temperature in multi-RCM simulations over CORDEX-East Asia phase II domain; citation_author=K Yu, P H Hui, W D Zhou; citation_volume=255; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=105535; citation_doi=10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105535; citation_id=CR43"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=China Environmental Science; citation_title=Identification on hydrometeorology mutation characteristics and ecological evolution pattern of the plateau inland river basin-taken Xilin River and Balager River of Inner Mongolia for instance; citation_author=A L Zhang, R Z Gao, T X Liu; citation_volume=39; citation_issue=12; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=5254-5263; citation_id=CR44"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Arid Zone Research; citation_title=Analysis of drought evolution in the Xilin River basin based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index; citation_author=L Zhang, Z Y Zhu, X K Xi; citation_volume=37; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=819-829; citation_id=CR45"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Soil and Water Conservation; citation_title=Analysis of hydrological drought evolution characteristics and influencing factors in Xilin River basin; citation_author=L Zhang, Z Y Zhu, H M Wang; citation_volume=34; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=178-184; citation_id=CR46"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Advances in Climate Change Research; citation_title=Short commentary on CMIP6 Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP); citation_author=L X Zhang, X L Chen, X G Xin; citation_volume=15; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=519-525; citation_id=CR47"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology; citation_title=Projection of future extreme meteorological droughts using two large multi-member climate model ensembles; citation_author=C Zhao, F Brissette, J Chen; citation_volume=618; citation_publication_date=2023; citation_pages=129155; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129155; citation_id=CR48"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environmental Research; citation_title=Association between heatwaves and risk and economic burden of injury related hospitalizations in China; citation_author=C Zhao, Y S Huang, Y B Cheng; citation_volume=259; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=119509; citation_doi=10.1016/j.envres.2024.119509; citation_id=CR49"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies; citation_title=Effects of land uses and rainfall regimes on surface runoff and sediment yield in a nested watershed of the Loess Plateau, China; citation_author=J C Zhao, J J Zhang, Y W Hu; citation_volume=44; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=101277; citation_id=CR50"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Arid Zone Research; citation_title=Driving force analysis and landscape pattern evolution in the upstream valley of Xilin River Basin; citation_author=Y J Zhou, T X Liu, L M Duan; citation_volume=37; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=580-590; citation_id=CR51"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Environmental Management; citation_title=Assessing long-term trends in vegetation cover change in the Xilin River Basin: Potential for monitoring grassland degradation and restoration; citation_author=Y J Zhou, O Batelaan, H D Guan; citation_volume=349; citation_publication_date=2024; citation_pages=119579; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119579; citation_id=CR52"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Science Bulletin; citation_title=Projection of climate extremes in China, an incremental exercise from CMIP5 to CMIP6; citation_author=H H Zhu, Z H Jiang, L Li; citation_volume=66; citation_issue=24; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=2528-2537; citation_doi=10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.026; citation_id=CR53"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Qu, Zhicheng"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Yao, Shunyu"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Liu, Dongwei"/> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="liudw@imu.edu.cn"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <meta name="citation_cover_date" content="2024/11/01"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SpringerLink"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Response of drought to climate extremes in a semi-arid inland river basin in China - Journal of Arid Land"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Against the backdrop of global warming, climate extremes and drought events have become more severe, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. This study forecasted the characteristics of climate extremes in the Xilin River Basin (a semi-arid inland river basin) of China for the period of 2021–2100 by employing a multi-model ensemble approach based on three climate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Furthermore, a linear regression, a wavelet analysis, and the correlation analysis were conducted to explore the response of climate extremes to the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), as well as their respective trends during the historical period from 1970 to 2020 and during the future period from 2021 to 2070. The results indicated that extreme high temperatures and extreme precipitation will further intensify under the higher forcing scenarios (SSP5-8.5>SSP2-4.5>SSP1-2.6) in the future. The SPEI trends under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios were estimated as −0.003/a, −0.004/a, and −0.008/a, respectively, indicating a drier future climate. During the historical period (1970–2020), the SPEI and SDI trends were −0.003/a and −0.016/a, respectively, with significant cycles of 15 and 22 a, and abrupt changes occurring in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The next abrupt change in the SPEI was projected to occur in the 2040s. The SPEI had a significant positive correlation with both summer days (SU) and heavy precipitation days (R10mm), while the SDI was only significantly positively correlated with R10mm. Additionally, the SPEI and SDI exhibited a strong and consistent positive correlation at a cycle of 4–6 a, indicating a robust interdependence between the two indices. These findings have important implications for policy makers, enabling them to improve water resource management of inland river basins in arid and semi-arid areas under future climate uncertainty."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/40333"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link rel="shortcut icon" data-test="shortcut-icon" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-c6d59aafac.ico> <meta name="theme-color" content="#e6e6e6">   <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href=/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/print-b8af42253b.css> <style> html{text-size-adjust:100%;line-height:1.15}body{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.8;margin:0}details,main{display:block}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}a{background-color:transparent;color:#025e8d}sub{bottom:-.25em;font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}img{border:0;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle}button,input{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0;overflow:visible}button{text-transform:none}[type=button],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}summary{display:list-item}[hidden]{display:none}button{cursor:pointer}svg{height:1rem;width:1rem} </style> <style>@media only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { body{background:#fff;color:#222;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.8;min-height:100%}a{color:#025e8d;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}button{cursor:pointer}img{border:0;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle}html{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:100%;height:100%;overflow-y:scroll}h1{font-size:2.25rem}h2{font-size:1.75rem}h1,h2,h4{font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}h4{font-size:1.25rem}body{font-size:1.125rem}*{box-sizing:inherit}p{margin-bottom:2rem;margin-top:0}p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.c-ad{text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:480px){.c-ad{padding:8px}}.c-ad--728x90{display:none}.c-ad--728x90 .c-ad__inner{min-height:calc(1.5em + 94px)}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.js .c-ad--728x90{display:none}}.c-ad__label{color:#333;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:4px}.c-ad__label,.c-status-message{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-status-message{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;position:relative;width:100%}.c-status-message :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.c-status-message--boxed{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1.4;padding:16px}.c-status-message__heading{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700}.c-status-message__icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;flex:0 0 auto;height:1.5em;margin-right:8px;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:text-top;width:1.5em}.c-status-message__icon--top{align-self:flex-start}.c-status-message--info .c-status-message__icon{color:#003f8d}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--info{border-bottom:4px solid #003f8d}.c-status-message--error .c-status-message__icon{color:#c40606}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--error{border-bottom:4px solid #c40606}.c-status-message--success .c-status-message__icon{color:#00b8b0}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--success{border-bottom:4px solid #00b8b0}.c-status-message--warning .c-status-message__icon{color:#edbc53}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--warning{border-bottom:4px solid #edbc53}.eds-c-header{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid #01324b;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 0 0}.eds-c-header__container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:8px 16px;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto 8px;max-width:1280px;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav{border-top:2px solid #c5e0f4;padding-top:4px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav-container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 auto 4px;max-width:1280px;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav-container>:not(:last-child){margin-right:32px}.eds-c-header__link-container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex:1 0 auto;gap:8px 16px;justify-content:space-between}.eds-c-header__list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.eds-c-header__list-item{font-weight:700;margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:8px}.eds-c-header__list-item:not(:last-child){border-bottom:2px solid #c5e0f4}.eds-c-header__item{color:inherit}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__item--menu{display:none;visibility:hidden}.eds-c-header__item--menu:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}}.eds-c-header__item--inline-links{display:none;visibility:hidden}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__item--inline-links{display:flex;gap:16px 16px;visibility:visible}}.eds-c-header__item--divider:before{border-left:2px solid #c5e0f4;content:"";height:calc(100% - 16px);margin-left:-15px;position:absolute;top:8px}.eds-c-header__brand{padding:16px 8px}.eds-c-header__brand a{display:block;line-height:1;text-decoration:none}.eds-c-header__brand img{height:1.5rem;width:auto}.eds-c-header__link{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;padding:16px 8px;position:relative;text-decoration-color:transparent;white-space:nowrap;word-break:normal}.eds-c-header__icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;font-size:1.5rem;height:1em;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}.eds-c-header__icon+*{margin-left:8px}.eds-c-header__expander{background-color:#f0f7fc}.eds-c-header__search{display:block;padding:24px 0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__search{max-width:70%}}.eds-c-header__search-container{position:relative}.eds-c-header__search-label{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px}.eds-c-header__search-input{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #000;padding:8px 48px 8px 8px;width:100%}.eds-c-header__search-button{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:inherit;height:100%;padding:0 8px;position:absolute;right:0}.has-tethered.eds-c-header__expander{border-bottom:2px solid #01324b;left:0;margin-top:-2px;top:100%;width:100%;z-index:10}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.has-tethered.eds-c-header__expander--menu{display:none;visibility:hidden}}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__heading{display:none;visibility:hidden}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__heading:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__search{margin:auto}.eds-c-header__heading{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:16px 16px 0}.eds-c-pagination{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;gap:16px 0;justify-content:center;line-height:1.4;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:32px 0}@media only screen and (min-width:480px){.eds-c-pagination{padding:32px 16px}}.eds-c-pagination__item{margin-right:8px}.eds-c-pagination__item--prev{margin-right:16px}.eds-c-pagination__item--next .eds-c-pagination__link,.eds-c-pagination__item--prev .eds-c-pagination__link{padding:16px 8px}.eds-c-pagination__item--next{margin-left:8px}.eds-c-pagination__item:last-child{margin-right:0}.eds-c-pagination__link{align-items:center;color:#222;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;font-size:1rem;margin:0;padding:16px 24px;position:relative;text-align:center;transition:all .2s ease 0s}.eds-c-pagination__link:visited{color:#222}.eds-c-pagination__link--disabled{border-color:#555;color:#555;cursor:default}.eds-c-pagination__link--active{background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border-radius:8px;color:#fff}.eds-c-pagination__link--active:focus,.eds-c-pagination__link--active:hover,.eds-c-pagination__link--active:visited{color:#fff}.eds-c-pagination__link-container{align-items:center;display:flex}.eds-c-pagination__icon{fill:#222;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem}.eds-c-pagination__icon--disabled{fill:#555}.eds-c-pagination__visually-hidden{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}.c-breadcrumbs{color:#333;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-breadcrumbs>li{display:inline}svg.c-breadcrumbs__chevron{fill:#333;height:10px;margin:0 .25rem;width:10px}.c-breadcrumbs--contrast,.c-breadcrumbs--contrast .c-breadcrumbs__link{color:#fff}.c-breadcrumbs--contrast svg.c-breadcrumbs__chevron{fill:#fff}@media only screen and (max-width:479px){.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item{display:none}.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item:last-child,.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item:nth-last-child(2){display:inline}}.c-skip-link{background:#01324b;bottom:auto;color:#fff;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;padding:8px;position:absolute;text-align:center;transform:translateY(-100%);width:100%;z-index:9999}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.c-skip-link{transition:top .3s ease-in-out 0s}}@media print{.c-skip-link{display:none}}.c-skip-link:active,.c-skip-link:hover,.c-skip-link:link,.c-skip-link:visited{color:#fff}.c-skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}.l-with-sidebar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.l-with-sidebar>*{margin:0}.l-with-sidebar__sidebar{flex-basis:var(--with-sidebar--basis,400px);flex-grow:1}.l-with-sidebar>:not(.l-with-sidebar__sidebar){flex-basis:0px;flex-grow:999;min-width:var(--with-sidebar--min,53%)}.l-with-sidebar>:first-child{padding-right:4rem}@supports (gap:1em){.l-with-sidebar>:first-child{padding-right:0}.l-with-sidebar{gap:var(--with-sidebar--gap,4rem)}}.c-header__link{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;padding:16px 8px;position:relative;text-decoration-color:transparent;white-space:nowrap;word-break:normal}.app-masthead__colour-4{--background-color:#ff9500;--gradient-light:rgba(0,0,0,.5);--gradient-dark:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}.app-masthead{background:var(--background-color,#0070a8);position:relative}.app-masthead:after{background:radial-gradient(circle at top right,var(--gradient-light,rgba(0,0,0,.4)),var(--gradient-dark,rgba(0,0,0,.7)));bottom:0;content:"";left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}@media only screen and (max-width:479px){.app-masthead:after{background:linear-gradient(225deg,var(--gradient-light,rgba(0,0,0,.4)),var(--gradient-dark,rgba(0,0,0,.7)))}}.app-masthead__container{color:var(--masthead-color,#fff);margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px;position:relative;z-index:1}.u-button{align-items:center;background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border:4px solid transparent;border-radius:32px;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;justify-content:center;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:16px 32px;position:relative;transition:all .2s ease 0s;width:auto}.u-button svg,.u-button--contrast svg,.u-button--primary svg,.u-button--secondary svg,.u-button--tertiary svg{fill:currentcolor}.u-button,.u-button:visited{color:#fff}.u-button,.u-button:hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;text-decoration:none}.u-button:hover{border:4px solid #fff}.u-button:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.u-button:focus,.u-button:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus svg path,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover svg path,.u-button--primary:focus svg path,.u-button--primary:hover svg path,.u-button:focus svg path,.u-button:hover svg path{fill:#01324b}.u-button--primary{background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border:4px solid transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;color:#fff;font-weight:700}.u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.u-button--primary:hover{border:4px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;text-decoration:none}.u-button--primary:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.u-button--primary:focus,.u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.u-button--secondary{background-color:#fff;border:4px solid #fff;color:#01324b;font-weight:700}.u-button--secondary:visited{color:#01324b}.u-button--secondary:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.u-button--secondary:focus,.u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#01324b;color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.u-button--tertiary:focus svg path,.u-button--tertiary:hover svg path{fill:#fff}.u-button--tertiary{background-color:#ebf1f5;border:4px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#666;font-weight:700}.u-button--tertiary:visited{color:#666}.u-button--tertiary:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.u-button--tertiary:focus,.u-button--tertiary:hover{background-color:#01324b;color:#fff}.u-button--contrast{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;color:#fff;font-weight:400}.u-button--contrast:visited{color:#fff}.u-button--contrast,.u-button--contrast:focus,.u-button--contrast:hover{border:4px solid #fff}.u-button--contrast:focus,.u-button--contrast:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#000}.u-button--contrast:focus svg path,.u-button--contrast:hover svg path{fill:#000}.u-button--disabled,.u-button:disabled{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;border:4px solid #ccc;color:#000;cursor:default;font-weight:400;opacity:.7}.u-button--disabled svg,.u-button:disabled svg{fill:currentcolor}.u-button--disabled:visited,.u-button:disabled:visited{color:#000}.u-button--disabled:focus,.u-button--disabled:hover,.u-button:disabled:focus,.u-button:disabled:hover{border:4px solid #ccc;text-decoration:none}.u-button--disabled:focus,.u-button--disabled:hover,.u-button:disabled:focus,.u-button:disabled:hover{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;color:#000}.u-button--disabled:focus svg path,.u-button--disabled:hover svg path,.u-button:disabled:focus svg path,.u-button:disabled:hover svg path{fill:#000}.u-button--small,.u-button--xsmall{font-size:.875rem;padding:2px 8px}.u-button--small{padding:8px 16px}.u-button--large{font-size:1.125rem;padding:10px 35px}.u-button--full-width{display:flex;width:100%}.u-button--icon-left svg{margin-right:8px}.u-button--icon-right svg{margin-left:8px}.u-clear-both{clear:both}.u-container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px}.u-justify-content-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.u-display-none{display:none}.js .u-js-hide,.u-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.u-visually-hidden{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}.u-icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;height:1em;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:text-top;width:1em}.u-list-reset{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.u-ma-16{margin:16px}.u-mt-0{margin-top:0}.u-mt-24{margin-top:24px}.u-mt-32{margin-top:32px}.u-mb-8{margin-bottom:8px}.u-mb-32{margin-bottom:32px}.u-button-reset{background-color:transparent;border:0;padding:0}.u-sans-serif{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.u-serif{font-family:Merriweather,serif}h1,h2,h4{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}p{overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.u-h4{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}.u-mbs-0{margin-block-start:0!important}.c-article-header{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-article-identifiers{color:#6f6f6f;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;list-style:none;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.c-article-identifiers__item{border-right:1px solid #6f6f6f;list-style:none;margin-right:8px;padding-right:8px}.c-article-identifiers__item:last-child{border-right:0;margin-right:0;padding-right:0}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.c-article-title{font-size:1.875rem;line-height:1.2}}.c-article-author-list{display:inline;font-size:1rem;list-style:none;margin:0 8px 0 0;padding:0;width:100%}.c-article-author-list__item{display:inline;padding-right:0}.c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none;margin-right:4px}.c-article-author-list__button,.js .c-article-author-list__item--hide,.js .c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none}.js .c-article-author-list--long .c-article-author-list__show-more,.js .c-article-author-list--long+.c-article-author-list__button{display:inline}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.js .c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen{display:none}.js .c-article-author-list--short .c-article-author-list__show-more,.js .c-article-author-list--short+.c-article-author-list__button{display:inline}}#uptodate-client,.js .c-article-author-list--expanded .c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none!important}.js .c-article-author-list--expanded .c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen{display:inline!important}.c-article-author-list__button,.c-button-author-list{background:#ebf1f5;border:4px solid #ebf1f5;border-radius:20px;color:#666;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4;padding:2px 11px 2px 8px;text-decoration:none}.c-article-author-list__button svg,.c-button-author-list svg{margin:1px 4px 0 0}.c-article-author-list__button:hover,.c-button-author-list:hover{background:#025e8d;border-color:transparent;color:#fff}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider{padding:8px 16px}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider,.c-notes{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-image:initial;border-left:none;border-right:none;margin:24px 0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text{color:#555}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text,.c-notes__text{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:2px;text-align:center}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__address{color:inherit;font-weight:700;margin:0}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__authors-item{display:inline;margin-left:0}.c-article-authors-search{margin-bottom:24px;margin-top:0}.c-article-authors-search__item,.c-article-authors-search__title{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-article-authors-search__title{color:#626262;font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-authors-search__item{font-size:1rem}.c-article-authors-search__text{margin:0}.c-code-block{border:1px solid #fff;font-family:monospace;margin:0 0 24px;padding:20px}.c-code-block__heading{font-weight:400;margin-bottom:16px}.c-code-block__line{display:block;overflow-wrap:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap}.c-article-share-box{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-share-box__description{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:8px}.c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info{font-size:.813rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:24px;padding-top:4px}.c-article-share-box__only-read-input{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;box-sizing:content-box;display:inline-block;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;height:24px;margin-bottom:8px;padding:8px 10px}.c-article-share-box__additional-info{color:#626262;font-size:.813rem}.c-article-share-box__button{background:#fff;box-sizing:content-box;text-align:center}.c-article-share-box__button--link-like{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:#025e8d;cursor:pointer;font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:10px}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-title{line-height:1.3}.c-reading-companion{clear:both;min-height:389px}.c-reading-companion__figures-list,.c-reading-companion__references-list{list-style:none;min-height:389px;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__references-list--numeric{list-style:decimal inside}.c-reading-companion__figure-item{border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;font-size:1rem;padding:16px 8px 16px 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-item:first-child{border-top:none;padding-top:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-item{font-size:1rem}.c-reading-companion__reference-item:first-child{border-top:none}.c-reading-companion__reference-item a{word-break:break-word}.c-reading-companion__reference-citation{display:inline}.c-reading-companion__reference-links{font-size:.813rem;font-weight:700;list-style:none;margin:8px 0 0;padding:0;text-align:right}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a{display:inline-block;padding-left:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a:first-child{display:inline-block;padding-left:0}.c-reading-companion__figure-title{display:block;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 8px}.c-reading-companion__figure-links{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:8px 0 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-links>a{align-items:center;display:flex}.c-article-section__figure-caption{display:block;margin-bottom:8px;word-break:break-word}.c-article-section__figure .video,p.app-article-masthead__access--above-download{margin:0 0 16px}.c-article-section__figure-description{font-size:1rem}.c-article-section__figure-description>*{margin-bottom:0}.c-cod{display:block;font-size:1rem;width:100%}.c-cod__form{background:#ebf0f3}.c-cod__prompt{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 24px}.c-cod__label{display:block;margin:0 0 4px}.c-cod__row{display:flex;margin:0 0 16px}.c-cod__row:last-child{margin:0}.c-cod__input{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-radius:2px;flex-shrink:0;margin:0;padding:13px}.c-cod__input--submit{background-color:#025e8d;border:1px solid #025e8d;color:#fff;flex-shrink:1;margin-left:8px;transition:background-color .2s ease-out 0s,color .2s ease-out 0s}.c-cod__input--submit-single{flex-basis:100%;flex-shrink:0;margin:0}.c-cod__input--submit:focus,.c-cod__input--submit:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#025e8d}.save-data .c-article-author-institutional-author__sub-division,.save-data .c-article-equation__number,.save-data .c-article-figure-description,.save-data .c-article-fullwidth-content,.save-data .c-article-main-column,.save-data .c-article-satellite-article-link,.save-data .c-article-satellite-subtitle,.save-data .c-article-table-container,.save-data .c-blockquote__body,.save-data .c-code-block__heading,.save-data .c-reading-companion__figure-title,.save-data .c-reading-companion__reference-citation,.save-data .c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant .serif,.save-data .c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant.serif,.save-data .serif,.save-data .u-serif,.save-data h1,.save-data h2,.save-data h3{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-pdf-download__link{display:flex;flex:1 1 0%;padding:13px 24px}.c-pdf-download__link:hover{text-decoration:none}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{align-items:center;flex:1 1 183px}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{padding:16px}}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:16px 16px;margin:0;max-width:100%;padding:16px 0 0}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list__item,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list__item{flex:1 1 0%}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list{flex-direction:column}}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-card__authors{display:none;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 8px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-card__authors{display:block;margin:0}}.c-article-body .c-article-history{margin-top:24px}.app-article-metrics-bar p{margin:0}.app-article-masthead{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:16px 16px;padding:16px 0 24px}.app-article-masthead__info{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1}.app-article-masthead__brand{border-top:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.8);display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-shrink:0;gap:8px 8px;min-height:96px;padding:16px 0 0}.app-article-masthead__brand img{border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 15px 0 hsla(0,0%,50%,.25);height:auto;left:0;position:absolute;width:72px}.app-article-masthead__journal-link{display:block;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 8px;max-width:400px;padding:0 0 0 88px;position:relative}.app-article-masthead__journal-title{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:3;display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden}.app-article-masthead__submission-link{align-items:center;display:flex;font-size:1rem;gap:4px 4px;margin:0 0 0 88px}.app-article-masthead__access{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;gap:4px 4px;margin:0}.app-article-masthead__buttons{display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;gap:16px 16px}.app-article-masthead__access svg,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary svg,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary svg,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary svg,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary svg{fill:currentcolor}.app-article-masthead a{color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary{background-color:#025e8d;background-image:none;border:2px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#fff;font-weight:700}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:visited,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{text-decoration:none}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;color:#025e8d;font-weight:700}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:visited,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:visited{color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#01324b;background-color:#025e8d;border:2px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:4px solid #fc0;color:#01324b}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.app-article-masthead{flex-direction:row;gap:64px 64px;padding:24px 0}.app-article-masthead__brand{border:0;padding:0}.app-article-masthead__brand img{height:auto;position:static;width:auto}.app-article-masthead__buttons{align-items:center;flex-direction:row;margin-top:auto}.app-article-masthead__journal-link{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:24px 24px;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.app-article-masthead__submission-link{margin:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-article-masthead__brand{flex-basis:400px}}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers{font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1;margin:0 0 8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers--cite-list{margin:0 0 16px}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers *{color:#fff}.app-article-masthead .c-cod{display:none}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers__item{border-left:1px solid #fff;border-right:0;margin:0 17px 8px -9px;padding:0 0 0 8px}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers__item--cite{border-left:0}.app-article-metrics-bar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:1rem;padding:16px 0 0;row-gap:24px}.app-article-metrics-bar__item{padding:0 16px 0 0}.app-article-metrics-bar__count{font-weight:700}.app-article-metrics-bar__label{font-weight:400;padding-left:4px}.app-article-metrics-bar__icon{height:auto;margin-right:4px;margin-top:-4px;width:auto}.app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon{margin:4px 0 0 4px}.app-article-metrics-bar a{color:#000}.app-article-metrics-bar .app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics{padding-right:0}.app-overview-section .c-article-author-list,.app-overview-section__authors{line-height:2}.app-article-metrics-bar{margin-top:8px}.c-book-toc-pagination+.c-book-section__back-to-top{margin-top:0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text--chapter{color:#222;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;padding:20px 0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text--chapter svg.c-status-message__icon{fill:#003f8d;vertical-align:middle}.c-article-body-section__content--separator{padding-top:40px}.c-pdf-download__link{max-height:44px}.app-article-access .u-button--primary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.c-article-sidebar{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-sidebar{display:block}}.c-cod__form{border-radius:12px}.c-cod__label{font-size:.875rem}.c-cod .c-status-message{align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-cod .c-status-message{align-items:inherit}}.c-cod .c-status-message__icon{margin-top:4px}.c-cod .c-cod__prompt{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-body .app-article-access,.c-book-body .app-article-access{display:block}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-body .app-article-access,.c-book-body .app-article-access{display:none}}.c-article-body .app-card-service{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-body .app-card-service{display:none}}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary,.c-cod__row .u-button--primary{background-color:#025e8d;border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;gap:8px 8px;justify-content:center;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 24px}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary:hover,.c-cod__row .u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#025e8d}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#025e8d;color:#fff}.buybox__buy .c-notes__text{color:#666;font-size:.875rem;padding:0 16px 8px}.c-cod__input{flex-basis:auto;width:100%}.c-article-title{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:2.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;margin:12px 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-item figure{margin:0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-title{margin:16px 0}}.app-article-access{border:1px solid #c5e0f4;border-radius:12px}.app-article-access__heading{border-bottom:1px solid #c5e0f4;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:16px;text-align:center}.app-article-access .buybox__info svg{vertical-align:middle}.c-article-body .app-article-access p{margin-bottom:0}.app-article-access .buybox__info{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;margin:0}.app-article-access{margin:0 0 32px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-article-access{margin:0 0 24px}}.c-status-message{font-size:1rem}.c-article-body{font-size:1.125rem}.c-article-body dl,.c-article-body ol,.c-article-body p,.c-article-body ul{margin-bottom:32px;margin-top:0}.c-article-access-provider__text:last-of-type,.c-article-body .c-notes__text:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.c-article-body ol p,.c-article-body ul p{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-section__figure-caption{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-reading-companion__figure-item{border-top-color:#c5e0f4}.c-reading-companion__sticky{max-width:400px}.c-article-section .c-article-section__figure-description>*{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-reading-companion__reference-item{border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;padding:16px 0}.c-reading-companion__reference-item:first-child{padding-top:0}.c-article-share-box__button,.js .c-article-authors-search__item .c-article-button{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;border-radius:32px;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;margin:0;padding:8px 24px;transition:all .2s ease 0s}.c-article-authors-search__item .c-article-button{width:100%}.c-pdf-download .u-button{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #fff;color:#01324b;justify-content:center}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button svg,.c-pdf-download .u-button svg{fill:currentcolor}.c-pdf-download .u-button:visited{color:#01324b}.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background-color:#01324b}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus svg path,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover svg path{fill:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button{background-image:none;border:2px solid;color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:visited{color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{text-decoration:none}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus{box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus svg path,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover svg path{fill:#01324b}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button,.c-pdf-download .u-button{box-shadow:none;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 24px}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button{background-color:#025e8d}.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:2px solid #fff}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background:0 0;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus{border:2px solid #025e8d}.c-article-share-box__button:focus:focus,.c-article__pill-button:focus:focus,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus:focus{outline:3px solid #08c;will-change:transform}.c-pdf-download__link .u-icon{padding-top:0}.c-bibliographic-information__column button{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__list p,.c-article-body .c-article-author-information__list p,figure{margin:0}.c-article-share-box__button{margin-right:16px}.c-status-message--boxed{border-radius:12px}.c-article-associated-content__collection-title{font-size:1rem}.app-card-service__description,.c-article-body .app-card-service__description{color:#222;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:8px}.app-article-access__subscriptions a,.app-article-access__subscriptions a:visited,.app-book-series-listing__item a,.app-book-series-listing__item a:hover,.app-book-series-listing__item a:visited,.c-article-author-list a,.c-article-author-list a:visited,.c-article-buy-box a,.c-article-buy-box a:visited,.c-article-peer-review a,.c-article-peer-review a:visited,.c-article-satellite-subtitle a,.c-article-satellite-subtitle a:visited,.c-breadcrumbs__link,.c-breadcrumbs__link:hover,.c-breadcrumbs__link:visited{color:#000}.c-article-author-list svg{height:24px;margin:0 0 0 6px;width:24px}.c-article-header{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.js .c-ad--conditional{display:block}}.u-lazy-ad-wrapper{background-color:#fff;display:none;min-height:149px}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.u-lazy-ad-wrapper{display:block}}p.c-ad__label{margin-bottom:4px}.c-ad--728x90{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid #cedbe0} } </style> <style>@media only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { .eds-c-header__brand img{height:24px;width:203px}.app-article-masthead__journal-link img{height:93px;width:72px}@media only screen and (min-width:769px){.app-article-masthead__journal-link img{height:161px;width:122px}} } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" data-test="critical-css-handler" data-inline-css-source="critical-css" href=/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-9fe647df8f.css media="print" onload="this.media='all';this.onload=null"> <link rel="stylesheet" data-test="critical-css-handler" data-inline-css-source="critical-css" href="/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-darwin-article-8aaaca8a1c.css" media="print" onload="this.media='only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)';this.onload=null"> <script type="text/javascript"> config = { env: 'live', site: '40333.springer.com', siteWithPath: '40333.springer.com' + window.location.pathname, twitterHashtag: '40333', cmsPrefix: 'https://studio-cms.springernature.com/studio/', publisherBrand: 'Springer', mustardcut: false }; </script> <script> window.dataLayer = [{"GA Key":"UA-26408784-1","DOI":"10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5","Page":"article","springerJournal":true,"Publishing Model":"Hybrid Access","Country":"SG","japan":false,"doi":"10.1007-s40333-024-0064-5","Journal Id":40333,"Journal Title":"Journal of Arid Land","imprint":"Science Press, co-published with Springer","Keywords":"climate extremes, climate change, Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), wavelet analysis, multi-model ensemble, Xilin River Basin","kwrd":["climate_extremes","climate_change","Standardized_Precipitation_Evapotranspiration_Index_(SPEI)","Streamflow_Drought_Index_(SDI)","wavelet_analysis","multi-model_ensemble","Xilin_River_Basin"],"Labs":"Y","ksg":"Krux.segments","kuid":"Krux.uid","Has Body":"N","Features":[],"Open Access":"Y","hasAccess":"Y","bypassPaywall":"N","user":{"license":{"businessPartnerID":[],"businessPartnerIDString":""}},"Access Type":"open","Bpids":"","Bpnames":"","BPID":["1"],"VG Wort Identifier":"vgzm.415900-10.1007-s40333-024-0064-5","Full HTML":"N","Subject Codes":["SCJ","SCJ16000","SCL19112","SCU34000"],"pmc":["J","J16000","L19112","U34000"],"session":{"authentication":{"loginStatus":"N"},"attributes":{"edition":"academic"}},"content":{"serial":{"eissn":"2194-7783","pissn":"1674-6767"},"type":"Article","category":{"pmc":{"primarySubject":"Geography","primarySubjectCode":"J","secondarySubjects":{"1":"Physical Geography","2":"Plant Ecology","3":"Sustainable Development"},"secondarySubjectCodes":{"1":"J16000","2":"L19112","3":"U34000"}},"sucode":"SC7","articleType":"Research Article"},"attributes":{"deliveryPlatform":"oscar"}},"page":{"attributes":{"environment":"live"},"category":{"pageType":"article"}},"Event Category":"Article"}]; </script> <script data-test="springer-link-article-datalayer"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ ga4MeasurementId: 'G-B3E4QL2TPR', ga360TrackingId: 'UA-26408784-1', twitterId: 'o47a7', baiduId: 'aef3043f025ccf2305af8a194652d70b', ga4ServerUrl: 'https://collect.springer.com', imprint: 'springerlink', page: { attributes:{ featureFlags: [{ name: 'darwin-orion', active: true }, { name: 'chapter-books-recs', active: true } ], darwinAvailable: true } } }); </script> <script> (function(w, d) { w.config = w.config || {}; w.config.mustardcut = false; if (w.matchMedia && w.matchMedia('only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches) { w.config.mustardcut = true; d.classList.add('js'); d.classList.remove('grade-c'); d.classList.remove('no-js'); } })(window, document.documentElement); </script> <script class="js-entry"> if (window.config.mustardcut) { (function(w, d) { window.Component = {}; window.suppressShareButton = false; window.onArticlePage = true; var currentScript = d.currentScript || d.head.querySelector('script.js-entry'); function catchNoModuleSupport() { var scriptEl = d.createElement('script'); return (!('noModule' in scriptEl) && 'onbeforeload' in scriptEl) } var headScripts = [ {'src': '/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-572d4fec60.js', 'async': false} ]; var bodyScripts = [ {'src': '/oscar-static/js/global-article-es5-bundle-dad1690b0d.js', 'async': false, 'module': false}, {'src': '/oscar-static/js/global-article-es6-bundle-e7d03c4cb3.js', 'async': false, 'module': true} ]; function createScript(script) { var scriptEl = d.createElement('script'); scriptEl.src = script.src; scriptEl.async = script.async; if (script.module === true) { scriptEl.type = "module"; if (catchNoModuleSupport()) { scriptEl.src = ''; } } else if (script.module === false) { scriptEl.setAttribute('nomodule', true) } if (script.charset) { scriptEl.setAttribute('charset', script.charset); } return scriptEl; } for (var i = 0; i < headScripts.length; ++i) { var scriptEl = createScript(headScripts[i]); currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptEl, currentScript.nextSibling); } d.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { for (var i = 0; i < bodyScripts.length; ++i) { var scriptEl = createScript(bodyScripts[i]); d.body.appendChild(scriptEl); } }); // Webfont repeat view var config = w.config; if (config && config.publisherBrand && sessionStorage.fontsLoaded === 'true') { d.documentElement.className += ' webfonts-loaded'; } })(window, document); } </script> <script data-src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/27195530232.js" data-cc-script="C03"></script> <script data-test="gtm-head"> window.initGTM = function() { if (window.config.mustardcut) { (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MRVXSHQ'); } } </script> <script> (function (w, d, t) { function cc() { var h = w.location.hostname; var e = d.createElement(t), s = d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; if (h.indexOf('springer.com') > -1 && h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com') === -1 && h.indexOf('springeropen.com') === -1) { if (h.indexOf('link-qa.springer.com') > -1 || h.indexOf('test-www.springer.com') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-52.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-52.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com.qa') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.biomedcentral.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-15-38.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.biomedcentral.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-15-38.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('springeropen.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('springeropen.com.qa') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-16-35.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-16-35.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('springernature.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('beta-qa.springernature.com') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-43.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NK22KLS')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-43.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NK22KLS')"); } } else { e.src = '/oscar-static/js/cookie-consent-es5-bundle-cb57c2c98a.js'; e.setAttribute('data-consent', h); } s.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', e); } cc(); })(window, document, 'script'); </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{"mainEntity":{"headline":"Response of drought to climate extremes in a semi-arid inland river basin in China","description":"Against the backdrop of global warming, climate extremes and drought events have become more severe, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. This study forecasted the characteristics of climate extremes in the Xilin River Basin (a semi-arid inland river basin) of China for the period of 2021–2100 by employing a multi-model ensemble approach based on three climate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Furthermore, a linear regression, a wavelet analysis, and the correlation analysis were conducted to explore the response of climate extremes to the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), as well as their respective trends during the historical period from 1970 to 2020 and during the future period from 2021 to 2070. The results indicated that extreme high temperatures and extreme precipitation will further intensify under the higher forcing scenarios (SSP5-8.5>SSP2-4.5>SSP1-2.6) in the future. The SPEI trends under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios were estimated as −0.003/a, −0.004/a, and −0.008/a, respectively, indicating a drier future climate. During the historical period (1970–2020), the SPEI and SDI trends were −0.003/a and −0.016/a, respectively, with significant cycles of 15 and 22 a, and abrupt changes occurring in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The next abrupt change in the SPEI was projected to occur in the 2040s. The SPEI had a significant positive correlation with both summer days (SU) and heavy precipitation days (R10mm), while the SDI was only significantly positively correlated with R10mm. Additionally, the SPEI and SDI exhibited a strong and consistent positive correlation at a cycle of 4–6 a, indicating a robust interdependence between the two indices. These findings have important implications for policy makers, enabling them to improve water resource management of inland river basins in arid and semi-arid areas under future climate uncertainty.","datePublished":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","pageStart":"1505","pageEnd":"1521","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5","keywords":["climate extremes","climate change","Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)","Streamflow Drought Index (SDI)","wavelet analysis","multi-model ensemble","Xilin River Basin","Physical Geography","Plant Ecology","Sustainable Development"],"image":[],"isPartOf":{"name":"Journal of Arid Land","issn":["2194-7783","1674-6767"],"volumeNumber":"16","@type":["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]},"publisher":{"name":"Science Press","logo":{"url":"https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png","@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"author":[{"name":"Zhicheng Qu","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia University","address":{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Shunyu Yao","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia University","address":{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Dongwei Liu","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia University","address":{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"email":"liudw@imu.edu.cn","@type":"Person"}],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"@type":"ScholarlyArticle"},"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage"}</script> </head> <body class="" >  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>   <noscript data-test="gtm-body"> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div class="u-visually-hidden" aria-hidden="true" data-test="darwin-icons"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><symbol id="icon-eds-i-accesses-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.59 1a1 1 0 0 1 .706.291l5.41 5.385a1 1 0 0 1 .294.709v13.077c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742H15a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4.455a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.8L15.178 3H5.545a.543.543 0 0 0-.538.451L5 3.538v8.607a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1h10.046ZM8 13c2.052 0 4.66 1.61 6.36 3.4l.124.141c.333.41.516.925.516 1.459 0 .6-.232 1.178-.64 1.599C12.666 21.388 10.054 23 8 23c-2.052 0-4.66-1.61-6.353-3.393A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 1 18c0-.6.232-1.178.64-1.6C3.34 14.61 5.948 13 8 13Zm0 2c-1.369 0-3.552 1.348-4.917 2.785A.31.31 0 0 0 3 18c0 .083.031.161.09.222C4.447 19.652 6.631 21 8 21c1.37 0 3.556-1.35 4.917-2.785A.31.31 0 0 0 13 18a.32.32 0 0 0-.048-.17l-.042-.052C11.553 16.348 9.369 15 8 15Zm0 1a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-altmetric-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c5.978 0 10.843 4.77 10.996 10.712l.004.306-.002.022-.002.248C22.843 18.23 17.978 23 12 23 5.925 23 1 18.075 1 12S5.925 1 12 1Zm-1.726 9.246L8.848 12.53a1 1 0 0 1-.718.461L8.003 13l-4.947.014a9.001 9.001 0 0 0 17.887-.001L16.553 13l-2.205 3.53a1 1 0 0 1-1.735-.068l-.05-.11-2.289-6.106ZM12 3a9.001 9.001 0 0 0-8.947 8.013l4.391-.012L9.652 7.47a1 1 0 0 1 1.784.179l2.288 6.104 1.428-2.283a1 1 0 0 1 .722-.462l.129-.008 4.943.012A9.001 9.001 0 0 0 12 3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.852 20.989.058.007L12 21l.075-.003.126-.017.111-.03.111-.044.098-.052.104-.074.082-.073 6-6a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414L13 17.585v-12.2C13 4.075 11.964 3 10.667 3H4a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h6.667c.175 0 .333.164.333.385v12.2l-4.293-4.292a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l6 6c.035.036.073.068.112.097l.11.071.114.054.105.035.118.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1 2a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5v8.585L3.707 8.293a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l5 5 .063.059.093.069.081.048.105.048.104.035.105.022.096.01h.136l.122-.018.113-.03.103-.04.1-.053.102-.07.052-.043 5.04-5.037a1 1 0 1 0-1.415-1.414L9 11.583V3a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.852 3.011.058-.007L12 3l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.104.074.082.073 6 6a1 1 0 1 1-1.414 1.414L13 6.415v12.2C13 19.925 11.964 21 10.667 21H4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6.667c.175 0 .333-.164.333-.385v-12.2l-4.293 4.292a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l6-6c.035-.036.073-.068.112-.097l.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1 13.998a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5V4.413L3.707 7.705a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.084l-.094-.084a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l5-5 .063-.059.093-.068.081-.05.105-.047.104-.035.105-.022L7.94 1l.136.001.122.017.113.03.103.04.1.053.102.07.052.043 5.04 5.037a1 1 0 1 1-1.415 1.414L9 4.415v8.583a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-diagonal-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14 3h6l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.054.114.035.105.03.148L21 4v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V6.414l-4.293 4.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L17.584 5H14a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L13 4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1ZM4 13a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3.584l4.293-4.291a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L6.414 19H10a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11 20a1 1 0 0 1-1 1l-6.075-.003-.126-.017-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08a1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.097-.112l-.071-.11-.054-.114-.035-.105-.025-.118-.007-.058L3 20v-6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-diagonal-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m2 15-.082-.004-.119-.016-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08a1.008 1.008 0 0 1-.097-.112l-.071-.11-.031-.062-.034-.081-.024-.076-.025-.118-.007-.058L1 14.02V9a1 1 0 1 1 2 0v2.584l2.793-2.791a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L4.414 13H7a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L8 14a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2ZM14 1l.081.003.12.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.031.062.034.081.024.076.03.148L15 2v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.414l-2.96 2.96A1 1 0 1 1 8.626 5.96L11.584 3H9a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L8 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m20.707 12.728-7.99 7.98a.996.996 0 0 1-.561.281l-.157.011a.998.998 0 0 1-.788-.384l-7.918-7.908a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.416L11 17.576V4a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v13.598l6.293-6.285a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.082l.095.083a1 1 0 0 1-.001 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m1.293 8.707 6 6 .063.059.093.069.081.048.105.049.104.034.056.013.118.017L8 15l.076-.003.122-.017.113-.03.085-.032.063-.03.098-.058.06-.043.05-.043 6.04-6.037a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414L9 11.583V2a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v9.585L2.707 7.293a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.272 3.293-7.98 7.99a.996.996 0 0 0-.281.561L3 12.001c0 .32.15.605.384.788l7.908 7.918a1 1 0 0 0 1.416-1.414L6.424 13H20a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H6.402l6.285-6.293a1 1 0 0 0 .082-1.32l-.083-.095a1 1 0 0 0-1.414.001Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-left-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m7.293 1.293-6 6-.059.063-.069.093-.048.081-.049.105-.034.104-.013.056-.017.118L1 8l.003.076.017.122.03.113.032.085.03.063.058.098.043.06.043.05 6.037 6.04a1 1 0 0 0 1.414-1.414L4.417 9H14a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H4.415l4.292-4.293a1 1 0 0 0 .083-1.32l-.083-.094a1 1 0 0 0-1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.728 3.293 7.98 7.99a.996.996 0 0 1 .281.561l.011.157c0 .32-.15.605-.384.788l-7.908 7.918a1 1 0 0 1-1.416-1.414L17.576 13H4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h13.598l-6.285-6.293a1 1 0 0 1-.082-1.32l.083-.095a1 1 0 0 1 1.414.001Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-right-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m8.707 1.293 6 6 .059.063.069.093.048.081.049.105.034.104.013.056.017.118L15 8l-.003.076-.017.122-.03.113-.032.085-.03.063-.058.098-.043.06-.043.05-6.037 6.04a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L11.583 9H2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h9.585L7.293 2.707a1 1 0 0 1-.083-1.32l.083-.094a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m3.293 11.272 7.99-7.98a.996.996 0 0 1 .561-.281L12.001 3c.32 0 .605.15.788.384l7.918 7.908a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.416L13 6.424V20a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V6.402l-6.293 6.285a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.082l-.095-.083a1 1 0 0 1 .001-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m1.293 7.293 6-6 .063-.059.093-.069.081-.048.105-.049.104-.034.056-.013.118-.017L8 1l.076.003.122.017.113.03.085.032.063.03.098.058.06.043.05.043 6.04 6.037a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L9 4.417V14a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.415L2.707 8.707a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-article-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8 7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h4a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H8ZM8 11a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h8a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H8ZM7 16a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h8a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Z"/><path d="M5.545 1A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538v16.924A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 5.545 23h12.91A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 21 20.462V3.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 18.5 1H5.545ZM5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3H18.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v16.962c0 .293-.24.538-.546.538H5.545A.542.542 0 0 1 5 20.462V3.538Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-book-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.5 1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 21 3.5v12c0 1.16-.79 2.135-1.86 2.418l-.14.031V21h1a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L21 22a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H6.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-15A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 6.5 1h12ZM17 18H6.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-1.493 1.356L5 19.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 6.5 21H17v-3Zm1.5-15h-12A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 5 4.5v11.837l.054-.025a3.481 3.481 0 0 1 1.254-.307L6.5 16h12a.5.5 0 0 0 .492-.41L19 15.5v-12a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM15 6a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-book-series-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 3.786C1 2.759 1.857 2 2.82 2H6.18c.964 0 1.82.759 1.82 1.786V4h3.168c.668 0 1.298.364 1.616.938.158-.109.333-.195.523-.252l3.216-.965c.923-.277 1.962.204 2.257 1.187l4.146 13.82c.296.984-.307 1.957-1.23 2.234l-3.217.965c-.923.277-1.962-.203-2.257-1.187L13 10.005v10.21c0 1.04-.878 1.785-1.834 1.785H7.833c-.291 0-.575-.07-.83-.195A1.849 1.849 0 0 1 6.18 22H2.821C1.857 22 1 21.241 1 20.214V3.786ZM3 4v11h3V4H3Zm0 16v-3h3v3H3Zm15.075-.04-.814-2.712 2.874-.862.813 2.712-2.873.862Zm1.485-5.49-2.874.862-2.634-8.782 2.873-.862 2.635 8.782ZM8 20V6h3v14H8Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-acceptance-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-.534 7.747a1 1 0 0 1 .094 1.412l-4.846 5.538a1 1 0 0 1-1.352.141l-2.77-2.076a1 1 0 0 1 1.2-1.6l2.027 1.519 4.236-4.84a1 1 0 0 1 1.411-.094ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-date-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1ZM8 15a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm-4-4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-decision-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-2.935 8.246 2.686 2.645c.34.335.34.883 0 1.218l-2.686 2.645a.858.858 0 0 1-1.213-.009.854.854 0 0 1 .009-1.21l1.05-1.035H7.984a.992.992 0 0 1-.984-1c0-.552.44-1 .984-1h5.928l-1.051-1.036a.854.854 0 0 1-.085-1.121l.076-.088a.858.858 0 0 1 1.213-.009ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-impact-factor-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-3.2 6.924a.48.48 0 0 1 .125.544l-1.52 3.283h2.304c.27 0 .491.215.491.483a.477.477 0 0 1-.13.327l-4.18 4.484a.498.498 0 0 1-.69.031.48.48 0 0 1-.125-.544l1.52-3.284H9.291a.487.487 0 0 1-.491-.482c0-.121.047-.238.13-.327l4.18-4.484a.498.498 0 0 1 .69-.031ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-call-papers-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="m20.707 2.883-1.414 1.414a1 1 0 0 0 1.414 1.414l1.414-1.414a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414Z"/><path d="M6 16.054c0 2.026 1.052 2.943 3 2.943a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-2.996 0-5-1.746-5-4.943v-1.227a4.068 4.068 0 0 1-1.83-1.189 4.553 4.553 0 0 1-.87-1.455 4.868 4.868 0 0 1-.3-1.686c0-1.17.417-2.298 1.17-3.14.38-.426.834-.767 1.338-1 .51-.237 1.06-.36 1.617-.36L6.632 6H7l7.932-2.895A2.363 2.363 0 0 1 18 5.36v9.28a2.36 2.36 0 0 1-3.069 2.25l.084.03L7 14.997H6v1.057Zm9.637-11.057a.415.415 0 0 0-.083.008L8 7.638v5.536l7.424 1.786.104.02c.035.01.072.02.109.02.2 0 .363-.16.363-.36V5.36c0-.2-.163-.363-.363-.363Zm-9.638 3h-.874a1.82 1.82 0 0 0-.625.111l-.15.063a2.128 2.128 0 0 0-.689.517c-.42.47-.661 1.123-.661 1.81 0 .34.06.678.176.992.114.308.28.585.485.816.4.447.925.691 1.464.691h.874v-5Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path d="M20 8.997h2a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2ZM20.707 14.293l1.414 1.414a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-1.414-1.414a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-card-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.615 2c.315 0 .716.067 1.14.279.76.38 1.245 1.107 1.245 2.106v15.23c0 .315-.067.716-.279 1.14-.38.76-1.107 1.245-2.106 1.245H4.385a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-1.14-.279C2.485 21.341 2 20.614 2 19.615V4.385c0-.315.067-.716.279-1.14C2.659 2.485 3.386 2 4.385 2h15.23Zm0 2H4.385c-.213 0-.265.034-.317.14A.71.71 0 0 0 4 4.385v15.23c0 .213.034.265.14.317a.71.71 0 0 0 .245.068h15.23c.213 0 .265-.034.317-.14a.71.71 0 0 0 .068-.245V4.385c0-.213-.034-.265-.14-.317A.71.71 0 0 0 19.615 4ZM17 16a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h10Zm0-3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h10Zm-.5-7A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 18 7.5v3a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-9A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 6 10.5v-3A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 7.5 6h9ZM16 8H8v2h8V8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-cart-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M5.76 1a1 1 0 0 1 .994.902L7.155 6h13.34c.18 0 .358.02.532.057l.174.045a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 1.693 3.103l-2.069 7.03c-.36 1.099-1.398 1.823-2.49 1.763H8.65c-1.272.015-2.352-.927-2.546-2.244L4.852 3H2a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L1 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3.76Zm2.328 14.51a.555.555 0 0 0 .55.488l9.751.001a.533.533 0 0 0 .527-.357l2.059-7a.5.5 0 0 0-.48-.642H7.351l.737 7.51ZM18 19a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4ZM8 19a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-check-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm5.125 4.72a1 1 0 0 1 .156 1.405l-6 7.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.421.143l-3-2.5a1 1 0 0 1 1.28-1.536l2.217 1.846 5.362-6.703a1 1 0 0 1 1.406-.156Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm5.125 6.72a1 1 0 0 0-1.406.155l-5.362 6.703-2.217-1.846a1 1 0 1 0-1.28 1.536l3 2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1.42-.143l6-7.5a1 1 0 0 0-.155-1.406Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3.305 8.28a1 1 0 0 0-.024 1.415l7.495 7.762c.314.345.757.543 1.224.543.467 0 .91-.198 1.204-.522l7.515-7.783a1 1 0 1 0-1.438-1.39L12 15.845l-7.28-7.54A1 1 0 0 0 3.4 8.2l-.096.082Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13.692 5.278a1 1 0 0 1 .03 1.414L9.103 11.51a1.491 1.491 0 0 1-2.188.019L2.278 6.692a1 1 0 0 1 1.444-1.384L8 9.771l4.278-4.463a1 1 0 0 1 1.318-.111l.096.081Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.72 3.305a1 1 0 0 0-1.415-.024l-7.762 7.495A1.655 1.655 0 0 0 6 12c0 .467.198.91.522 1.204l7.783 7.515a1 1 0 1 0 1.39-1.438L8.155 12l7.54-7.28A1 1 0 0 0 15.8 3.4l-.082-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-left-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M10.722 2.308a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-.03L4.49 6.897a1.491 1.491 0 0 0-.019 2.188l4.838 4.637a1 1 0 1 0 1.384-1.444L6.229 8l4.463-4.278a1 1 0 0 0 .111-1.318l-.081-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.28 3.305a1 1 0 0 1 1.415-.024l7.762 7.495c.345.314.543.757.543 1.224 0 .467-.198.91-.522 1.204l-7.783 7.515a1 1 0 1 1-1.39-1.438L15.845 12l-7.54-7.28A1 1 0 0 1 8.2 3.4l.082-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M5.278 2.308a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-.03l4.819 4.619a1.491 1.491 0 0 1 .019 2.188l-4.838 4.637a1 1 0 1 1-1.384-1.444L9.771 8 5.308 3.722a1 1 0 0 1-.111-1.318l.081-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.695 15.72a1 1 0 0 0 .024-1.415l-7.495-7.762A1.655 1.655 0 0 0 12 6c-.467 0-.91.198-1.204.522l-7.515 7.783a1 1 0 1 0 1.438 1.39L12 8.155l7.28 7.54a1 1 0 0 0 1.319.106l.096-.082Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13.692 10.722a1 1 0 0 0 .03-1.414L9.103 4.49a1.491 1.491 0 0 0-2.188-.019L2.278 9.308a1 1 0 0 0 1.444 1.384L8 6.229l4.278 4.463a1 1 0 0 0 1.318.111l.096-.081Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-citations-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.59 1a1 1 0 0 1 .706.291l5.41 5.385a1 1 0 0 1 .294.709v13.077c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742h-5.843a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h5.843a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.8L15.178 3H5.545a.543.543 0 0 0-.538.451L5 3.538v8.607a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1h10.046ZM5.483 14.35c.197.26.17.62-.049.848l-.095.083-.016.011c-.36.24-.628.45-.804.634-.393.409-.59.93-.59 1.562.077-.019.192-.028.345-.028.442 0 .84.158 1.195.474.355.316.532.716.532 1.2 0 .501-.173.9-.518 1.198-.345.298-.767.446-1.266.446-.672 0-1.209-.195-1.612-.585-.403-.39-.604-.976-.604-1.757 0-.744.11-1.39.33-1.938.222-.549.49-1.009.807-1.38a4.28 4.28 0 0 1 .992-.88c.07-.043.148-.087.232-.133a.881.881 0 0 1 1.121.245Zm5 0c.197.26.17.62-.049.848l-.095.083-.016.011c-.36.24-.628.45-.804.634-.393.409-.59.93-.59 1.562.077-.019.192-.028.345-.028.442 0 .84.158 1.195.474.355.316.532.716.532 1.2 0 .501-.173.9-.518 1.198-.345.298-.767.446-1.266.446-.672 0-1.209-.195-1.612-.585-.403-.39-.604-.976-.604-1.757 0-.744.11-1.39.33-1.938.222-.549.49-1.009.807-1.38a4.28 4.28 0 0 1 .992-.88c.07-.043.148-.087.232-.133a.881.881 0 0 1 1.121.245Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-clipboard-check-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.4 1c1.238 0 2.274.865 2.536 2.024L18.5 3C19.886 3 21 4.14 21 5.535v14.93C21 21.86 19.886 23 18.5 23h-13C4.114 23 3 21.86 3 20.465V5.535C3 4.14 4.114 3 5.5 3h1.57c.27-1.147 1.3-2 2.53-2h4.8Zm4.115 4-1.59.024A2.601 2.601 0 0 1 14.4 7H9.6c-1.23 0-2.26-.853-2.53-2H5.5c-.27 0-.5.234-.5.535v14.93c0 .3.23.535.5.535h13c.27 0 .5-.234.5-.535V5.535c0-.3-.23-.535-.485-.535Zm-1.909 4.205a1 1 0 0 1 .19 1.401l-5.334 7a1 1 0 0 1-1.344.23l-2.667-1.75a1 1 0 1 1 1.098-1.672l1.887 1.238 4.769-6.258a1 1 0 0 1 1.401-.19ZM14.4 3H9.6a.6.6 0 0 0-.6.6v.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6.6h4.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6-.6v-.8a.6.6 0 0 0-.6-.6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-clipboard-report-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.4 1c1.238 0 2.274.865 2.536 2.024L18.5 3C19.886 3 21 4.14 21 5.535v14.93C21 21.86 19.886 23 18.5 23h-13C4.114 23 3 21.86 3 20.465V5.535C3 4.14 4.114 3 5.5 3h1.57c.27-1.147 1.3-2 2.53-2h4.8Zm4.115 4-1.59.024A2.601 2.601 0 0 1 14.4 7H9.6c-1.23 0-2.26-.853-2.53-2H5.5c-.27 0-.5.234-.5.535v14.93c0 .3.23.535.5.535h13c.27 0 .5-.234.5-.535V5.535c0-.3-.23-.535-.485-.535Zm-2.658 10.929a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h7.857Zm0-3.929a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h7.857ZM14.4 3H9.6a.6.6 0 0 0-.6.6v.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6.6h4.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6-.6v-.8a.6.6 0 0 0-.6-.6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-close-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18ZM8.707 7.293 12 10.585l3.293-3.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414L13.415 12l3.292 3.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L12 13.415l-3.293 3.292a1 1 0 1 1-1.414-1.414L10.585 12 7.293 8.707a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-cloud-upload-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.852 10.011.028-.004L13 10l.075.003.126.017.086.022.136.052.098.052.104.074.082.073 3 3a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 1-1.32-.083L14 13.416V20a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6.586l-1.293 1.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l3-3 .112-.097.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Zm.587-7.962c3.065.362 5.497 2.662 5.992 5.562l.013.085.207.073c2.117.782 3.496 2.845 3.337 5.097l-.022.226c-.297 2.561-2.503 4.491-5.124 4.502a1 1 0 1 1-.009-2c1.619-.007 2.967-1.186 3.147-2.733.179-1.542-.86-2.979-2.487-3.353-.512-.149-.894-.579-.981-1.165-.21-2.237-2-4.035-4.308-4.308-2.31-.273-4.497 1.06-5.25 3.19l-.049.113c-.234.468-.718.756-1.176.743-1.418.057-2.689.857-3.32 2.084a3.668 3.668 0 0 0 .262 3.798c.796 1.136 2.169 1.764 3.583 1.635a1 1 0 1 1 .182 1.992c-2.125.194-4.193-.753-5.403-2.48a5.668 5.668 0 0 1-.403-5.86c.85-1.652 2.449-2.79 4.323-3.092l.287-.039.013-.028c1.207-2.741 4.125-4.404 7.186-4.042Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-collection-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v12.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h11.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5.5-5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 18 4.5v12a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2 16.5v-12A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 2h11Zm0 2h-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v12a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h11a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-12a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM13 13a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6Zm0-3.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6ZM13 6a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-conference-series-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.5 2A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2 4.5v11A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4.5 18h2.37l-2.534 2.253a1 1 0 0 0 1.328 1.494L9.88 18H11v3a1 1 0 1 0 2 0v-3h1.12l4.216 3.747a1 1 0 0 0 1.328-1.494L17.13 18h2.37a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5v-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19.5 2h-15ZM20 6V4.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-15a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V6h16ZM4 8v7.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h15a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-delivery-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.51 20.598a3.037 3.037 0 0 1-3.02 0A2.968 2.968 0 0 1 4.161 19L3.5 19A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 1 16.5v-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.5 3h10a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.45 2.004L16 5h2.527c.976 0 1.855.585 2.27 1.49l2.112 4.62a1 1 0 0 1 .091.416v4.856C23 17.814 21.889 19 20.484 19h-.523a1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.121-.007 2.96 2.96 0 0 1-1.33 1.605 3.037 3.037 0 0 1-3.02 0A2.968 2.968 0 0 1 14.161 19H9.838a2.968 2.968 0 0 1-1.327 1.597Zm-2.024-3.462a.955.955 0 0 0-.481.73L5.999 18l.001.022a.944.944 0 0 0 .388.777l.098.065c.316.181.712.181 1.028 0A.97.97 0 0 0 8 17.978a.95.95 0 0 0-.486-.842 1.037 1.037 0 0 0-1.028 0Zm10 0a.955.955 0 0 0-.481.73l-.005.156a.944.944 0 0 0 .388.777l.098.065c.316.181.712.181 1.028 0a.97.97 0 0 0 .486-.886.95.95 0 0 0-.486-.842 1.037 1.037 0 0 0-1.028 0ZM21 12h-5v3.17a3.038 3.038 0 0 1 2.51.232 2.993 2.993 0 0 1 1.277 1.45l.058.155.058-.005.581-.002c.27 0 .516-.263.516-.618V12Zm-7.5-7h-10a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v11a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h.662a2.964 2.964 0 0 1 1.155-1.491l.172-.107a3.037 3.037 0 0 1 3.022 0A2.987 2.987 0 0 1 9.843 17H13.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Zm5.027 2H16v3h4.203l-1.224-2.677a.532.532 0 0 0-.375-.316L18.527 7Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-download-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M22 18.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-3.5 3.5h-13A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 2 18.5V18a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 5.5 20h13a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 1.5-1.5V18a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.5Zm-3.293-7.793-6 6-.063.059-.093.069-.081.048-.105.049-.104.034-.056.013-.118.017L12 17l-.076-.003-.122-.017-.113-.03-.085-.032-.063-.03-.098-.058-.06-.043-.05-.043-6.04-6.037a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414l4.294 4.29L11 3a1 1 0 0 1 2 0l.001 10.585 4.292-4.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-edit-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.149 2a2.38 2.38 0 0 1 1.699.711l2.446 2.46a2.384 2.384 0 0 1 .005 3.38L10.01 19.906a1 1 0 0 1-.434.257l-6.3 1.8a1 1 0 0 1-1.237-1.237l1.8-6.3a1 1 0 0 1 .257-.434L15.443 2.718A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 17.15 2Zm-3.874 5.689-7.586 7.536-1.234 4.319 4.318-1.234 7.54-7.582-3.038-3.039ZM17.149 4a.395.395 0 0 0-.286.126L14.695 6.28l3.029 3.029 2.162-2.173a.384.384 0 0 0 .106-.197L20 6.864c0-.103-.04-.2-.119-.278l-2.457-2.47A.385.385 0 0 0 17.149 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-education-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.41 2.088a1 1 0 0 0-.82 0l-10 4.5a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.824L3 9.047v7.124A3.001 3.001 0 0 0 4 22a3 3 0 0 0 1-5.83V9.948l1 .45V14.5a1 1 0 0 0 .087.408L7 14.5c-.913.408-.912.41-.912.41l.001.003.003.006.007.015a1.988 1.988 0 0 0 .083.16c.054.097.131.225.236.373.21.297.53.68.993 1.057C8.351 17.292 9.824 18 12 18c2.176 0 3.65-.707 4.589-1.476.463-.378.783-.76.993-1.057a4.162 4.162 0 0 0 .319-.533l.007-.015.003-.006v-.003h.002s0-.002-.913-.41l.913.408A1 1 0 0 0 18 14.5v-4.103l4.41-1.985a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.824l-10-4.5ZM16 11.297l-3.59 1.615a1 1 0 0 1-.82 0L8 11.297v2.94a3.388 3.388 0 0 0 .677.739C9.267 15.457 10.294 16 12 16s2.734-.543 3.323-1.024a3.388 3.388 0 0 0 .677-.739v-2.94ZM4.437 7.5 12 4.097 19.563 7.5 12 10.903 4.437 7.5ZM3 19a1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 1-2 0Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-error-diamond-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12.002 1c.702 0 1.375.279 1.871.775l8.35 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 .001 3.744l-8.353 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1-3.742 0l-8.353-8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 0-3.744l8.353-8.353.156-.142c.424-.362.952-.58 1.507-.625l.21-.008Zm0 2a.646.646 0 0 0-.38.123l-.093.08-8.34 8.34a.646.646 0 0 0-.18.355L3 12c0 .171.068.336.19.457l8.353 8.354a.646.646 0 0 0 .914 0l8.354-8.354a.646.646 0 0 0-.001-.914l-8.351-8.354A.646.646 0 0 0 12.002 3ZM12 14.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 17.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-error-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12.002 1c.702 0 1.375.279 1.871.775l8.35 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 .001 3.744l-8.353 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1-3.742 0l-8.353-8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 0-3.744l8.353-8.353.156-.142c.424-.362.952-.58 1.507-.625l.21-.008ZM12 14.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 14.5ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v5a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-external-link-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 2a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H4.6c-.371 0-.6.209-.6.5v15c0 .291.229.5.6.5h14.8c.371 0 .6-.209.6-.5V15a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v4.5c0 1.438-1.162 2.5-2.6 2.5H4.6C3.162 22 2 20.938 2 19.5v-15C2 3.062 3.162 2 4.6 2H9Zm6 0h6l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.054.114.035.105.03.148L22 3v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V5.414l-6.693 6.693a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L18.584 4H15a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L14 3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-external-link-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M5 1a1 1 0 1 1 0 2l-2-.001V13L13 13v-2a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v2c0 1.15-.93 2-2.067 2H3.067C1.93 15 1 14.15 1 13V3c0-1.15.93-2 2.067-2H5Zm4 0h5l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08.044.047.073.093.051.083.054.113.035.105.03.148L15 2v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.414L9.107 8.307a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L11.584 3H9a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L8 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-download-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3ZM12 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6.585l2.293-2.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-4 4a1.008 1.008 0 0 1-.112.097l-.11.071-.114.054-.105.035-.149.03L12 18l-.075-.003-.126-.017-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08-4-4a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414L11 14.585V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-report-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742H5.545c-.674 0-1.32-.267-1.798-.742A2.535 2.535 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .142.057.278.158.379.102.102.242.159.387.159h12.91a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.915L14.085 3ZM16 17a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm0-3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm-4.793-6.207L13 9.585l1.793-1.792a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-2.5 2.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0L10.5 9.915l-1.793 1.792a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l2.5-2.5a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-text-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3ZM16 15a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm0-4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm-5-4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-upload-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3Zm-2.233 4.011.058-.007L12 7l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.104.074.082.073 4 4a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 1-1.32-.083L13 10.415V17a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6.585l-2.293 2.292a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l4-4 .112-.097.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-filter-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 2a1 1 0 0 1 .82 1.573L15 13.314V18a1 1 0 0 1-.31.724l-.09.076-4 3A1 1 0 0 1 9 21v-7.684L2.18 3.573a1 1 0 0 1 .707-1.567L3 2h18Zm-1.921 2H4.92l5.9 8.427a1 1 0 0 1 .172.45L11 13v6l2-1.5V13a1 1 0 0 1 .117-.469l.064-.104L19.079 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-funding-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8A7 7 0 1 0 9 8a7 7 0 0 0 14 0ZM9.006 12.225A4.07 4.07 0 0 0 6.12 11.02H2a.979.979 0 1 0 0 1.958h4.12c.558 0 1.094.222 1.489.617l2.207 2.288c.27.27.27.687.012.944a.656.656 0 0 1-.928 0L7.744 15.67a.98.98 0 0 0-1.386 1.384l1.157 1.158c.535.536 1.244.791 1.946.765l.041.002h6.922c.874 0 1.597.748 1.597 1.688 0 .203-.146.354-.309.354H7.755c-.487 0-.96-.178-1.339-.504L2.64 17.259a.979.979 0 0 0-1.28 1.482L5.137 22c.733.631 1.66.979 2.618.979h9.957c1.26 0 2.267-1.043 2.267-2.312 0-2.006-1.584-3.646-3.555-3.646h-4.529a2.617 2.617 0 0 0-.681-2.509l-2.208-2.287ZM16 3a5 5 0 1 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0-10Zm.979 3.5a.979.979 0 1 0-1.958 0v3a.979.979 0 1 0 1.958 0v-3Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-hashtag-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18ZM9.52 18.189a1 1 0 1 1-1.964-.378l.437-2.274H6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2.378l.592-3.076H6a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h3.354l.51-2.65a1 1 0 1 1 1.964.378l-.437 2.272h3.04l.51-2.65a1 1 0 1 1 1.964.378l-.438 2.272H18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-1.917l-.592 3.076H18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-2.893l-.51 2.652a1 1 0 1 1-1.964-.378l.437-2.274h-3.04l-.51 2.652Zm.895-4.652h3.04l.591-3.076h-3.04l-.591 3.076Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-home-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M5 22a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-8.586l-1.293 1.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l10-10a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0l10 10a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L20 12.415V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5Zm7-17.585-6 5.999V20h5v-4a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v4h5v-9.585l-6-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-image-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.615 2A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 22 4.385v15.23A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 19.615 22H4.385A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 2 19.615V4.385A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 4.385 2h15.23Zm0 2H4.385A.385.385 0 0 0 4 4.385v15.23c0 .213.172.385.385.385h1.244l10.228-8.76a1 1 0 0 1 1.254-.037L20 13.392V4.385A.385.385 0 0 0 19.615 4Zm-3.07 9.283L8.703 20h10.912a.385.385 0 0 0 .385-.385v-3.713l-3.455-2.619ZM9.5 6a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 0 7 3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7Zm0 2a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-impact-factor-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.49 2.672c.74.694.986 1.765.632 2.712l-.04.1-1.549 3.54h1.477a2.496 2.496 0 0 1 2.485 2.34l.005.163c0 .618-.23 1.21-.642 1.675l-7.147 7.961a2.48 2.48 0 0 1-3.554.165 2.512 2.512 0 0 1-.633-2.712l.042-.103L9.108 15H7.46c-1.393 0-2.379-1.11-2.455-2.369L5 12.473c0-.593.142-1.145.628-1.692l7.307-7.944a2.48 2.48 0 0 1 3.555-.165ZM14.43 4.164l-7.33 7.97c-.083.093-.101.214-.101.34 0 .277.19.526.46.526h4.163l.097-.009c.015 0 .03.003.046.009.181.078.264.32.186.5l-2.554 5.817a.512.512 0 0 0 .127.552.48.48 0 0 0 .69-.033l7.155-7.97a.513.513 0 0 0 .13-.34.497.497 0 0 0-.49-.502h-3.988a.355.355 0 0 1-.328-.497l2.555-5.844a.512.512 0 0 0-.127-.552.48.48 0 0 0-.69.033Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-info-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm0 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5h1.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-5a1 1 0 0 1 0-2H11v-4h-.5a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L9.5 11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1H12Zm0-4.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 8.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 9h-1.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 1l.007.117A1 1 0 0 0 10.5 12h.5v4H9.5a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h5a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H13v-5a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Zm0-4.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 5.5Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-journal-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.5 1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 21 3.5v14a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-13a.5.5 0 1 0 0 1H20a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H5.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3 20.5v-17A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5.5 1h13ZM7 3H5.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v14.549l.016-.002c.104-.02.211-.035.32-.042L5.5 18H7V3Zm11.5 0H9v15h9.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM16 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v4a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5Zm-1 2h-3v2h3V7Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mail-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.462 3C21.875 3 23 4.184 23 5.619v12.762C23 19.816 21.875 21 20.462 21H3.538C2.125 21 1 19.816 1 18.381V5.619C1 4.184 2.125 3 3.538 3h16.924ZM21 8.158l-7.378 6.258a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-3.253-.008L3 8.16v10.222c0 .353.253.619.538.619h16.924c.285 0 .538-.266.538-.619V8.158ZM20.462 5H3.538c-.264 0-.5.228-.534.542l8.65 7.334c.2.165.492.165.684.007l8.656-7.342-.001-.025c-.044-.3-.274-.516-.531-.516Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mail-send-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.444 5a2.562 2.562 0 0 1 2.548 2.37l.007.078.001.123v7.858A2.564 2.564 0 0 1 20.444 18H9.556A2.564 2.564 0 0 1 7 15.429l.001-7.977.007-.082A2.561 2.561 0 0 1 9.556 5h10.888ZM21 9.331l-5.46 3.51a1 1 0 0 1-1.08 0L9 9.332v6.097c0 .317.251.571.556.571h10.888a.564.564 0 0 0 .556-.571V9.33ZM20.444 7H9.556a.543.543 0 0 0-.32.105l5.763 3.706 5.766-3.706a.543.543 0 0 0-.32-.105ZM4.308 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2.308Zm0 5.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h2.308Zm0 5.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h2.308Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mentions-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m9.452 1.293 5.92 5.92 2.92-2.92a1 1 0 0 1 1.415 1.414l-2.92 2.92 5.92 5.92a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.415 10.371 10.371 0 0 1-10.378 2.584l.652 3.258A1 1 0 0 1 12 23H2a1 1 0 0 1-.874-1.486l4.789-8.62C4.194 9.074 4.9 4.43 8.038 1.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Zm-2.355 13.59L3.699 21h7.081l-.689-3.442a10.392 10.392 0 0 1-2.775-2.396l-.22-.28Zm1.69-11.427-.07.09a8.374 8.374 0 0 0 11.737 11.737l.089-.071L8.787 3.456Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-menu-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h18Zm-4 7a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h14Zm4 7a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h18Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-metrics-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 22a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v7h4V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v13a1 1 0 0 1-.883.993L21 22H3Zm17-2V9h-4v11h4Zm-6-8h-4v8h4v-8ZM8 4H4v16h4V4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-news-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.384 3c.975 0 1.77.787 1.77 1.762v13.333c0 .462.354.846.815.899l.107.006.109-.006a.915.915 0 0 0 .809-.794l.006-.105V8.19a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v9.905A2.914 2.914 0 0 1 20.077 21H3.538a2.547 2.547 0 0 1-1.644-.601l-.147-.135A2.516 2.516 0 0 1 1 18.476V4.762C1 3.787 1.794 3 2.77 3h14.614Zm-.231 2H3v13.476c0 .11.035.216.1.304l.054.063c.101.1.24.157.384.157l13.761-.001-.026-.078a2.88 2.88 0 0 1-.115-.655l-.004-.17L17.153 5ZM14 15.021a.979.979 0 1 1 0 1.958H6a.979.979 0 1 1 0-1.958h8Zm0-8c.54 0 .979.438.979.979v4c0 .54-.438.979-.979.979H6A.979.979 0 0 1 5.021 12V8c0-.54.438-.979.979-.979h8Zm-.98 1.958H6.979v2.041h6.041V8.979Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-newsletter-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v9.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-15A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2 20.5V11a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.439l8 4.888 8-4.889V11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-1 3.783-7.479 4.57a1 1 0 0 1-1.042 0l-7.48-4.57V20.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .501.5h15a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.717ZM15 9a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6Zm2.5-8A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 20 3.5V9a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V9a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 1h11ZM15 5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-notifcation-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14 20a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4ZM3 18l-.133-.007c-1.156-.124-1.156-1.862 0-1.986l.3-.012C4.32 15.923 5 15.107 5 14V9.5C5 5.368 8.014 2 12 2s7 3.368 7 7.5V14c0 1.107.68 1.923 1.832 1.995l.301.012c1.156.124 1.156 1.862 0 1.986L21 18H3Zm9-14C9.17 4 7 6.426 7 9.5V14c0 .671-.146 1.303-.416 1.858L6.51 16h10.979l-.073-.142a4.192 4.192 0 0 1-.412-1.658L17 14V9.5C17 6.426 14.83 4 12 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-publish-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M16.296 1.291A1 1 0 0 0 15.591 1H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538V13a1 1 0 1 0 2 0V3.538l.007-.087A.543.543 0 0 1 5.545 3h9.633L20 7.8v12.662a.534.534 0 0 1-.158.379.548.548 0 0 1-.387.159H11a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h8.455c.674 0 1.32-.267 1.798-.742A2.534 2.534 0 0 0 22 20.462V7.385a1 1 0 0 0-.294-.709l-5.41-5.385Z"/><path d="M10.762 16.647a1 1 0 0 0-1.525-1.294l-4.472 5.271-2.153-1.665a1 1 0 1 0-1.224 1.582l2.91 2.25a1 1 0 0 0 1.374-.144l5.09-6ZM16 10a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h8ZM12 7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H8a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h3a1 1 0 0 0 1-1Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-refresh-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7.831 5.636H6.032A8.76 8.76 0 0 1 9 3.631 8.549 8.549 0 0 1 12.232 3c.603 0 1.192.063 1.76.182C17.979 4.017 21 7.632 21 12a1 1 0 1 0 2 0c0-5.296-3.674-9.746-8.591-10.776A10.61 10.61 0 0 0 5 3.851V2.805a1 1 0 0 0-.987-1H4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3.831a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h3.831a1 1 0 0 0 .013-2h-.013ZM17.968 18.364c-1.59 1.632-3.784 2.636-6.2 2.636C6.948 21 3 16.993 3 12a1 1 0 1 0-2 0c0 6.053 4.799 11 10.768 11 2.788 0 5.324-1.082 7.232-2.85v1.045a1 1 0 1 0 2 0v-3.831a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-3.831a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h1.799Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-search-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 1c5.523 0 10 4.477 10 10 0 2.4-.846 4.604-2.256 6.328l3.963 3.965a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.965-3.963A9.959 9.959 0 0 1 11 21C5.477 21 1 16.523 1 11S5.477 1 11 1Zm0 2a8 8 0 1 0 0 16 8 8 0 0 0 0-16Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-settings-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.382 1h1.24a2.508 2.508 0 0 1 2.334 1.63l.523 1.378 1.59.933 1.444-.224c.954-.132 1.89.3 2.422 1.101l.095.155.598 1.066a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-.195 2.848l-.894 1.161v1.896l.92 1.163c.6.768.707 1.812.295 2.674l-.09.17-.606 1.08a2.504 2.504 0 0 1-2.531 1.25l-1.428-.223-1.589.932-.523 1.378a2.512 2.512 0 0 1-2.155 1.625L12.65 23h-1.27a2.508 2.508 0 0 1-2.334-1.63l-.524-1.379-1.59-.933-1.443.225c-.954.132-1.89-.3-2.422-1.101l-.095-.155-.598-1.066a2.56 2.56 0 0 1 .195-2.847l.891-1.161v-1.898l-.919-1.162a2.562 2.562 0 0 1-.295-2.674l.09-.17.606-1.08a2.504 2.504 0 0 1 2.531-1.25l1.43.223 1.618-.938.524-1.375.07-.167A2.507 2.507 0 0 1 11.382 1Zm.003 2a.509.509 0 0 0-.47.338l-.65 1.71a1 1 0 0 1-.434.51L7.6 6.85a1 1 0 0 1-.655.123l-1.762-.275a.497.497 0 0 0-.498.252l-.61 1.088a.562.562 0 0 0 .04.619l1.13 1.43a1 1 0 0 1 .216.62v2.585a1 1 0 0 1-.207.61L4.15 15.339a.568.568 0 0 0-.036.634l.601 1.072a.494.494 0 0 0 .484.26l1.78-.278a1 1 0 0 1 .66.126l2.2 1.292a1 1 0 0 1 .43.507l.648 1.71a.508.508 0 0 0 .467.338h1.263a.51.51 0 0 0 .47-.34l.65-1.708a1 1 0 0 1 .428-.507l2.201-1.292a1 1 0 0 1 .66-.126l1.763.275a.497.497 0 0 0 .498-.252l.61-1.088a.562.562 0 0 0-.04-.619l-1.13-1.43a1 1 0 0 1-.216-.62v-2.585a1 1 0 0 1 .207-.61l1.105-1.437a.568.568 0 0 0 .037-.634l-.601-1.072a.494.494 0 0 0-.484-.26l-1.78.278a1 1 0 0 1-.66-.126l-2.2-1.292a1 1 0 0 1-.43-.507l-.649-1.71A.508.508 0 0 0 12.62 3h-1.234ZM12 8a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Zm0 2a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-shipping-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.515 2c1.406 0 2.706.728 3.352 1.902l2.02 3.635.02.042.036.089.031.105.012.058.01.073.004.075v11.577c0 .64-.244 1.255-.683 1.713a2.356 2.356 0 0 1-1.701.731H4.386a2.356 2.356 0 0 1-1.702-.731 2.476 2.476 0 0 1-.683-1.713V7.948c.01-.217.083-.43.22-.6L4.2 3.905C4.833 2.755 6.089 2.032 7.486 2h9.029ZM20 9H4v10.556a.49.49 0 0 0 .075.26l.053.07a.356.356 0 0 0 .257.114h15.23c.094 0 .186-.04.258-.115a.477.477 0 0 0 .127-.33V9Zm-2 7.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4ZM16.514 4H13v3h6.3l-1.183-2.13c-.288-.522-.908-.87-1.603-.87ZM11 3.999H7.51c-.679.017-1.277.36-1.566.887L4.728 7H11V3.999Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-step-guide-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.394 9.447a1 1 0 1 0-1.788-.894l-.88 1.759-.019-.02a1 1 0 1 0-1.414 1.415l1 1a1 1 0 0 0 1.601-.26l1.5-3ZM12 11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1ZM12 17a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1ZM10.947 14.105a1 1 0 0 1 .447 1.342l-1.5 3a1 1 0 0 1-1.601.26l-1-1a1 1 0 1 1 1.414-1.414l.02.019.879-1.76a1 1 0 0 1 1.341-.447Z"/><path d="M5.545 1A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538v16.924A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 5.545 23h12.91A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 21 20.462V7.5a1 1 0 0 0-.293-.707l-5.5-5.5A1 1 0 0 0 14.5 1H5.545ZM5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3h8.54L19 7.914v12.547c0 .294-.24.539-.546.539H5.545A.542.542 0 0 1 5 20.462V3.538Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-submission-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3h9.633L20 7.8v12.662a.535.535 0 0 1-.158.379.549.549 0 0 1-.387.159H6a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-2.5a1 1 0 1 0-2 0V20a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h13.455c.673 0 1.32-.266 1.798-.742A2.535 2.535 0 0 0 22 20.462V7.385a1 1 0 0 0-.294-.709l-5.41-5.385A1 1 0 0 0 15.591 1H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538V7a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V3.538Z"/><path d="m13.707 13.707-4 4a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-.083-.094a1 1 0 0 1 .083-1.32L10.585 14 2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2l8.583.001-2.29-2.294a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414l4.037 4.04.043.05.043.06.059.098.03.063.031.085.03.113.017.122L14 13l-.004.087-.017.118-.013.056-.034.104-.049.105-.048.081-.07.093-.058.063Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-table-1-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.385 22a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-1.14-.279C2.485 21.341 2 20.614 2 19.615V4.385c0-.315.067-.716.279-1.14C2.659 2.485 3.386 2 4.385 2h15.23c.315 0 .716.067 1.14.279.76.38 1.245 1.107 1.245 2.106v15.23c0 .315-.067.716-.279 1.14-.38.76-1.107 1.245-2.106 1.245H4.385ZM4 19.615c0 .213.034.265.14.317a.71.71 0 0 0 .245.068H8v-4H4v3.615ZM20 16H10v4h9.615c.213 0 .265-.034.317-.14a.71.71 0 0 0 .068-.245V16Zm0-2v-4H10v4h10ZM4 14h4v-4H4v4ZM19.615 4H10v4h10V4.385c0-.213-.034-.265-.14-.317A.71.71 0 0 0 19.615 4ZM8 4H4.385l-.082.002c-.146.01-.19.047-.235.138A.71.71 0 0 0 4 4.385V8h4V4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-table-2-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.384 22A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 2 19.616V4.384A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 4.384 2h15.232A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 22 4.384v15.232A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 19.616 22H4.384ZM10 15H4v4.616c0 .212.172.384.384.384H10v-5Zm5 0h-3v5h3v-5Zm5 0h-3v5h2.616a.384.384 0 0 0 .384-.384V15ZM10 9H4v4h6V9Zm5 0h-3v4h3V9Zm5 0h-3v4h3V9Zm-.384-5H4.384A.384.384 0 0 0 4 4.384V7h16V4.384A.384.384 0 0 0 19.616 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-tag-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.621 1.998.127.004L20.496 2a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.497 1.355L22 3.5l-.005 7.669c.038.456-.133.905-.447 1.206l-9.02 9.018a2.075 2.075 0 0 1-2.932 0l-6.99-6.99a2.075 2.075 0 0 1 .001-2.933L11.61 2.47c.246-.258.573-.418.881-.46l.131-.011Zm.286 2-8.885 8.886a.075.075 0 0 0 0 .106l6.987 6.988c.03.03.077.03.106 0l8.883-8.883L19.999 4l-7.092-.002ZM16 6.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L16 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-trash-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c2.717 0 4.913 2.232 4.997 5H21a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-1v12.5c0 1.389-1.152 2.5-2.556 2.5H6.556C5.152 23 4 21.889 4 20.5V8H3a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h4.003l.001-.051C7.114 3.205 9.3 1 12 1Zm6 7H6v12.5c0 .238.19.448.454.492l.102.008h10.888c.315 0 .556-.232.556-.5V8Zm-4 3a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6.005a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V12a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-4 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm2-8c-1.595 0-2.914 1.32-2.996 3h5.991v-.02C14.903 4.31 13.589 3 12 3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-account-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 16c-1.806 0-3.52.994-4.664 2.698A8.947 8.947 0 0 0 12 21a8.958 8.958 0 0 0 4.664-1.301C15.52 17.994 13.806 17 12 17Zm0-14a9 9 0 0 0-6.25 15.476C7.253 16.304 9.54 15 12 15s4.747 1.304 6.25 3.475A9 9 0 0 0 12 3Zm0 3a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Zm0 2a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-add-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm9 10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3h3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-3h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h3v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5.545-.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-assign-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.226 13.298a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-.01l.084.093a1 1 0 0 1-.073 1.32L15.39 17H22a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-6.611l2.262 2.298a1 1 0 0 1-1.425 1.404l-3.939-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.404l3.94-4Zm-3.771-.449a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.781 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 10.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-block-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm9 10a5 5 0 1 1 0 10 5 5 0 0 1 0-10Zm-5.545-.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM15 18a3 3 0 0 0 4.294 2.707l-4.001-4c-.188.391-.293.83-.293 1.293Zm3-3c-.463 0-.902.105-1.294.293l4.001 4A3 3 0 0 0 18 15Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-check-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm13.647 12.237a1 1 0 0 1 .116 1.41l-5.091 6a1 1 0 0 1-1.375.144l-2.909-2.25a1 1 0 1 1 1.224-1.582l2.153 1.665 4.472-5.271a1 1 0 0 1 1.41-.116Zm-8.139-.977c.22.214.428.44.622.678a1 1 0 1 1-1.548 1.266 6.025 6.025 0 0 0-1.795-1.49.86.86 0 0 1-.163-.048l-.079-.036a5.721 5.721 0 0 0-2.62-.63l-.194.006c-2.76.134-5.022 2.177-5.592 4.864l-.035.175-.035.213c-.03.201-.05.405-.06.61L3.003 20 10 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876l.005-.223.02-.356.02-.222.03-.248.022-.15c.02-.133.044-.265.071-.397.44-2.178 1.725-4.105 3.595-5.301a7.75 7.75 0 0 1 3.755-1.215l.12-.004a7.908 7.908 0 0 1 5.87 2.252Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-delete-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6ZM4.763 13.227a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378 1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.781 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20H11.5a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897Zm11.421 1.543 2.554 2.553 2.555-2.553a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-2.554 2.554 2.554 2.555a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-2.555-2.554-2.554 2.554a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414l2.553-2.555-2.553-2.554a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-edit-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.876 10.77 2.831 2.83a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.415l-7.246 7.246a1 1 0 0 1-.572.284l-3.277.446a1 1 0 0 1-1.125-1.13l.461-3.277a1 1 0 0 1 .283-.567l7.23-7.246a1 1 0 0 1 1.415-.001Zm-7.421 2.08a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 7.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L8.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378Zm6.715.042-6.29 6.3-.23 1.639 1.633-.222 6.302-6.302-1.415-1.415ZM9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-linked-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.65 6c.31 0 .706.066 1.122.274C17.522 6.65 18 7.366 18 8.35v12.3c0 .31-.066.706-.274 1.122-.375.75-1.092 1.228-2.076 1.228H3.35a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-1.122-.274C1.478 22.35 1 21.634 1 20.65V8.35c0-.31.066-.706.274-1.122C1.65 6.478 2.366 6 3.35 6h12.3Zm0 2-12.376.002c-.134.007-.17.04-.21.12A.672.672 0 0 0 3 8.35v12.3c0 .198.028.24.122.287.09.044.2.063.228.063h.887c.788-2.269 2.814-3.5 5.263-3.5 2.45 0 4.475 1.231 5.263 3.5h.887c.198 0 .24-.028.287-.122.044-.09.063-.2.063-.228V8.35c0-.198-.028-.24-.122-.287A.672.672 0 0 0 15.65 8ZM9.5 19.5c-1.36 0-2.447.51-3.06 1.5h6.12c-.613-.99-1.7-1.5-3.06-1.5ZM20.65 1A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 23 3.348V15.65A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 20.65 18H20a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h.65a.35.35 0 0 0 .35-.35V3.348A.35.35 0 0 0 20.65 3H8.35a.35.35 0 0 0-.35.348V4a1 1 0 1 1-2 0v-.652A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 8.35 1h12.3ZM9.5 10a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 0 7 3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7Zm0 2a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-multiple-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm6 0a5 5 0 0 1 0 10 1 1 0 0 1-.117-1.993L15 9a3 3 0 0 0 0-6 1 1 0 0 1 0-2ZM9 3a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm8.857 9.545a7.99 7.99 0 0 1 2.651 1.715A8.31 8.31 0 0 1 23 20.134V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h1.995l-.005-.153a6.307 6.307 0 0 0-1.673-3.945l-.204-.209a5.99 5.99 0 0 0-1.988-1.287 1 1 0 1 1 .732-1.861Zm-3.349 1.715A8.31 8.31 0 0 1 17 20.134V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.877c.044-4.343 3.387-7.908 7.638-8.115a7.908 7.908 0 0 1 5.87 2.252ZM9.016 14l-.285.006c-3.104.15-5.58 2.718-5.725 5.9L3.004 20h11.991l-.005-.153a6.307 6.307 0 0 0-1.673-3.945l-.204-.209A5.924 5.924 0 0 0 9.3 14.008L9.016 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-notify-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm10 18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-1h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2v-2.818C14 13.885 15.777 12 18 12s4 1.885 4 4.182V19a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-3Zm-6.545-8.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM18 14c-1.091 0-2 .964-2 2.182V19h4v-2.818c0-1.165-.832-2.098-1.859-2.177L18 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-remove-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm3.455 9.85a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM22 17a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-single-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10 5 5 0 0 1 0-10Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm-.406 9.008a8.965 8.965 0 0 1 6.596 2.494A9.161 9.161 0 0 1 21 21.025V22a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H4a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.985c.05-4.825 3.815-8.777 8.594-9.007Zm.39 1.992-.299.006c-3.63.175-6.518 3.127-6.678 6.775L5 21h13.998l-.009-.268a7.157 7.157 0 0 0-1.97-4.573l-.214-.213A6.967 6.967 0 0 0 11.984 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-warning-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm0 11.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 17.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-warning-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 13.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 14.5ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v5a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.7194 3.3054C15.3358 2.90809 14.7027 2.89699 14.3054 3.28061L6.54342 10.7757C6.19804 11.09 6 11.5335 6 12C6 12.4665 6.19804 12.91 6.5218 13.204L14.3054 20.7194C14.7027 21.103 15.3358 21.0919 15.7194 20.6946C16.103 20.2973 16.0919 19.6642 15.6946 19.2806L8.155 12L15.6946 4.71939C16.0614 4.36528 16.099 3.79863 15.8009 3.40105L15.7194 3.3054Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.28061 3.3054C8.66423 2.90809 9.29729 2.89699 9.6946 3.28061L17.4566 10.7757C17.802 11.09 18 11.5335 18 12C18 12.4665 17.802 12.91 17.4782 13.204L9.6946 20.7194C9.29729 21.103 8.66423 21.0919 8.28061 20.6946C7.89699 20.2973 7.90809 19.6642 8.3054 19.2806L15.845 12L8.3054 4.71939C7.93865 4.36528 7.90098 3.79863 8.19908 3.40105L8.28061 3.3054Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-alerts" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28 12.667c.736 0 1.333.597 1.333 1.333v13.333A3.333 3.333 0 0 1 26 30.667H6a3.333 3.333 0 0 1-3.333-3.334V14a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 2.666 0v1.252L16 21.769l10.667-6.518V14c0-.736.597-1.333 1.333-1.333Zm-1.333 5.71-9.972 6.094c-.427.26-.963.26-1.39 0l-9.972-6.094v8.956c0 .368.299.667.667.667h20a.667.667 0 0 0 .667-.667v-8.956ZM19.333 12a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0 2.667h-6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0-2.667h6.666Zm4-10.667a3.333 3.333 0 0 1 3.334 3.334v6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1-2.667 0V4.667A.667.667 0 0 0 23.333 4H8.667A.667.667 0 0 0 8 4.667v6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1-2.667 0V4.667a3.333 3.333 0 0 1 3.334-3.334h14.666Zm-4 5.334a1.333 1.333 0 0 1 0 2.666h-6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0-2.666h6.666Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-arrow-up" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m13.002 7.408 4.88 4.88a.99.99 0 0 0 1.32.08l.09-.08c.39-.39.39-1.03 0-1.42l-6.58-6.58a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-1.42 0l-6.58 6.58a1 1 0 0 0-.09 1.32l.08.1a1 1 0 0 0 1.42-.01l4.88-4.87v11.59a.99.99 0 0 0 .88.99l.12.01c.55 0 1-.45 1-1V7.408z" class="layer"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-checklist" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M19.2 1.333a3.468 3.468 0 0 1 3.381 2.699L24.667 4C26.515 4 28 5.52 28 7.38v19.906c0 1.86-1.485 3.38-3.333 3.38H7.333c-1.848 0-3.333-1.52-3.333-3.38V7.38C4 5.52 5.485 4 7.333 4h2.093A3.468 3.468 0 0 1 12.8 1.333h6.4ZM9.426 6.667H7.333c-.36 0-.666.312-.666.713v19.906c0 .401.305.714.666.714h17.334c.36 0 .666-.313.666-.714V7.38c0-.4-.305-.713-.646-.714l-2.121.033A3.468 3.468 0 0 1 19.2 9.333h-6.4a3.468 3.468 0 0 1-3.374-2.666Zm12.715 5.606c.586.446.7 1.283.253 1.868l-7.111 9.334a1.333 1.333 0 0 1-1.792.306l-3.556-2.333a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 1.463-2.23l2.517 1.651 6.358-8.344a1.333 1.333 0 0 1 1.868-.252ZM19.2 4h-6.4a.8.8 0 0 0-.8.8v1.067a.8.8 0 0 0 .8.8h6.4a.8.8 0 0 0 .8-.8V4.8a.8.8 0 0 0-.8-.8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-citation" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path d="M23.25 1.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.06.44l8.25 8.25a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .44 1.06v19.5c0 2.105-1.645 3.75-3.75 3.75H18a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3h11.25c.448 0 .75-.302.75-.75V11.873L22.628 4.5H8.31a.811.811 0 0 0-.8.68l-.011.13V16.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-3 0V5.31A3.81 3.81 0 0 1 8.31 1.5h14.94ZM8.223 20.358a.984.984 0 0 1-.192 1.378l-.048.034c-.54.36-.942.676-1.206.951-.59.614-.885 1.395-.885 2.343.115-.028.288-.042.518-.042.662 0 1.26.237 1.791.711.533.474.799 1.074.799 1.799 0 .753-.259 1.352-.777 1.799-.518.446-1.151.669-1.9.669-1.006 0-1.812-.293-2.417-.878C3.302 28.536 3 27.657 3 26.486c0-1.115.165-2.085.496-2.907.331-.823.734-1.513 1.209-2.071.475-.558.971-.997 1.49-1.318a6.01 6.01 0 0 1 .347-.2 1.321 1.321 0 0 1 1.681.368Zm7.5 0a.984.984 0 0 1-.192 1.378l-.048.034c-.54.36-.942.676-1.206.951-.59.614-.885 1.395-.885 2.343.115-.028.288-.042.518-.042.662 0 1.26.237 1.791.711.533.474.799 1.074.799 1.799 0 .753-.259 1.352-.777 1.799-.518.446-1.151.669-1.9.669-1.006 0-1.812-.293-2.417-.878-.604-.586-.906-1.465-.906-2.636 0-1.115.165-2.085.496-2.907.331-.823.734-1.513 1.209-2.071.475-.558.971-.997 1.49-1.318a6.01 6.01 0 0 1 .347-.2 1.321 1.321 0 0 1 1.681.368Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-access-indicator" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><circle cx="4.5" cy="11.5" r="3.5" style="fill:currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V2.923C2 1.875 2.84 1 3.909 1h5.909a1 1 0 0 1 .713.298l3.181 3.231a1 1 0 0 1 .288.702v7.846c0 .505-.197.993-.554 1.354a1.902 1.902 0 0 1-1.355.569H10a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2V5.64L9.4 3H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd" style="fill:#222"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-copy-link" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M19.4594 8.57015C19.0689 8.17963 19.0689 7.54646 19.4594 7.15594L20.2927 6.32261C20.2927 6.32261 20.2927 6.32261 20.2927 6.32261C21.0528 5.56252 21.0528 4.33019 20.2928 3.57014C19.5327 2.81007 18.3004 2.81007 17.5404 3.57014L16.7071 4.40347C16.3165 4.794 15.6834 4.794 15.2928 4.40348C14.9023 4.01296 14.9023 3.3798 15.2928 2.98927L16.1262 2.15594C17.6673 0.614803 20.1659 0.614803 21.707 2.15593C23.2481 3.69705 23.248 6.19569 21.707 7.7368L20.8737 8.57014C20.4831 8.96067 19.85 8.96067 19.4594 8.57015Z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.0944 5.90592C18.4849 6.29643 18.4849 6.9296 18.0944 7.32013L16.4278 8.9868C16.0373 9.37733 15.4041 9.37734 15.0136 8.98682C14.6231 8.59631 14.6231 7.96314 15.0136 7.57261L16.6802 5.90594C17.0707 5.51541 17.7039 5.5154 18.0944 5.90592Z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M13.5113 6.32243C13.9018 6.71295 13.9018 7.34611 13.5113 7.73664L12.678 8.56997C12.678 8.56997 12.678 8.56997 12.678 8.56997C11.9179 9.33006 11.9179 10.5624 12.6779 11.3224C13.438 12.0825 14.6703 12.0825 15.4303 11.3224L16.2636 10.4891C16.6542 10.0986 17.2873 10.0986 17.6779 10.4891C18.0684 10.8796 18.0684 11.5128 17.6779 11.9033L16.8445 12.7366C15.3034 14.2778 12.8048 14.2778 11.2637 12.7366C9.72262 11.1955 9.72266 8.69689 11.2637 7.15578L12.097 6.32244C12.4876 5.93191 13.1207 5.93191 13.5113 6.32243Z"/><path d="M8 20V22H19.4619C20.136 22 20.7822 21.7311 21.2582 21.2529C21.7333 20.7757 22 20.1289 22 19.4549V15C22 14.4477 21.5523 14 21 14C20.4477 14 20 14.4477 20 15V19.4549C20 19.6004 19.9426 19.7397 19.8408 19.842C19.7399 19.9433 19.6037 20 19.4619 20H8Z"/><path d="M4 13H2V19.4619C2 20.136 2.26889 20.7822 2.74705 21.2582C3.22434 21.7333 3.87105 22 4.5451 22H9C9.55228 22 10 21.5523 10 21C10 20.4477 9.55228 20 9 20H4.5451C4.39957 20 4.26028 19.9426 4.15804 19.8408C4.05668 19.7399 4 19.6037 4 19.4619V13Z"/><path d="M4 13H2V4.53808C2 3.86398 2.26889 3.21777 2.74705 2.74178C3.22434 2.26666 3.87105 2 4.5451 2H9C9.55228 2 10 2.44772 10 3C10 3.55228 9.55228 4 9 4H4.5451C4.39957 4 4.26028 4.05743 4.15804 4.15921C4.05668 4.26011 4 4.39633 4 4.53808V13Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-github-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M 11.964844 0 C 5.347656 0 0 5.269531 0 11.792969 C 0 17.003906 3.425781 21.417969 8.179688 22.976562 C 8.773438 23.09375 8.992188 22.722656 8.992188 22.410156 C 8.992188 22.136719 8.972656 21.203125 8.972656 20.226562 C 5.644531 20.929688 4.953125 18.820312 4.953125 18.820312 C 4.417969 17.453125 3.625 17.101562 3.625 17.101562 C 2.535156 16.378906 3.703125 16.378906 3.703125 16.378906 C 4.914062 16.457031 5.546875 17.589844 5.546875 17.589844 C 6.617188 19.386719 8.339844 18.878906 9.03125 18.566406 C 9.132812 17.804688 9.449219 17.277344 9.785156 16.984375 C 7.132812 16.710938 4.339844 15.695312 4.339844 11.167969 C 4.339844 9.878906 4.8125 8.824219 5.566406 8.003906 C 5.445312 7.710938 5.03125 6.5 5.683594 4.878906 C 5.683594 4.878906 6.695312 4.566406 8.972656 6.089844 C 9.949219 5.832031 10.953125 5.703125 11.964844 5.699219 C 12.972656 5.699219 14.003906 5.835938 14.957031 6.089844 C 17.234375 4.566406 18.242188 4.878906 18.242188 4.878906 C 18.898438 6.5 18.480469 7.710938 18.363281 8.003906 C 19.136719 8.824219 19.589844 9.878906 19.589844 11.167969 C 19.589844 15.695312 16.796875 16.691406 14.125 16.984375 C 14.558594 17.355469 14.933594 18.058594 14.933594 19.171875 C 14.933594 20.753906 14.914062 22.019531 14.914062 22.410156 C 14.914062 22.722656 15.132812 23.09375 15.726562 22.976562 C 20.480469 21.414062 23.910156 17.003906 23.910156 11.792969 C 23.929688 5.269531 18.558594 0 11.964844 0 Z M 11.964844 0 "/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-institution-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.9967 1C11.6364 1 11.279 1.0898 10.961 1.2646C10.9318 1.28061 10.9035 1.29806 10.8761 1.31689L2.79765 6.87C2.46776 7.08001 2.20618 7.38466 2.07836 7.76668C1.94823 8.15561 1.98027 8.55648 2.12665 8.90067C2.42086 9.59246 3.12798 10 3.90107 10H4.99994V16H4.49994C3.11923 16 1.99994 17.1193 1.99994 18.5V19.5C1.99994 20.8807 3.11923 22 4.49994 22H19.4999C20.8807 22 21.9999 20.8807 21.9999 19.5V18.5C21.9999 17.1193 20.8807 16 19.4999 16H18.9999V10H20.0922C20.8653 10 21.5725 9.59252 21.8667 8.90065C22.0131 8.55642 22.0451 8.15553 21.9149 7.7666C21.7871 7.38459 21.5255 7.07997 21.1956 6.86998L13.1172 1.31689C13.0898 1.29806 13.0615 1.28061 13.0324 1.2646C12.7143 1.0898 12.357 1 11.9967 1ZM4.6844 8L11.9472 3.00755C11.9616 3.00295 11.9783 3 11.9967 3C12.015 3 12.0318 3.00295 12.0461 3.00755L19.3089 8H4.6844ZM16.9999 16V10H14.9999V16H16.9999ZM12.9999 16V10H10.9999V16H12.9999ZM8.99994 16V10H6.99994V16H8.99994ZM3.99994 18.5C3.99994 18.2239 4.2238 18 4.49994 18H19.4999C19.7761 18 19.9999 18.2239 19.9999 18.5V19.5C19.9999 19.7761 19.7761 20 19.4999 20H4.49994C4.2238 20 3.99994 19.7761 3.99994 19.5V18.5Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-limited-access" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V2.923C2 1.875 2.84 1 3.909 1h5.909a1 1 0 0 1 .713.298l3.181 3.231a1 1 0 0 1 .288.702V6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0v-.36L9.4 3H4ZM3 8a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm10 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-3.5 6a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-1a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h1a1 1 0 0 1 1 1Zm2.441-1a1 1 0 0 1 2 0c0 .73-.246 1.306-.706 1.664a1.61 1.61 0 0 1-.876.334l-.032.002H11.5a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h.441ZM4 13a1 1 0 0 0-2 0c0 .73.247 1.306.706 1.664a1.609 1.609 0 0 0 .876.334l.032.002H4.5a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-search-category-medium" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 5.306A3.306 3.306 0 0 1 5.306 2h5.833a3.306 3.306 0 0 1 3.306 3.306v5.833a3.306 3.306 0 0 1-3.306 3.305H5.306A3.306 3.306 0 0 1 2 11.14V5.306Zm3.306-.584a.583.583 0 0 0-.584.584v5.833c0 .322.261.583.584.583h5.833a.583.583 0 0 0 .583-.583V5.306a.583.583 0 0 0-.583-.584H5.306Zm15.555 8.945a7.194 7.194 0 1 0 4.034 13.153l2.781 2.781a1.361 1.361 0 1 0 1.925-1.925l-2.781-2.781a7.194 7.194 0 0 0-5.958-11.228Zm3.173 10.346a4.472 4.472 0 1 0-.021.021l.01-.01.011-.011Zm-5.117-19.29a.583.583 0 0 0-.584.583v5.833a1.361 1.361 0 0 1-2.722 0V5.306A3.306 3.306 0 0 1 18.917 2h5.833a3.306 3.306 0 0 1 3.306 3.306v5.833c0 .6-.161 1.166-.443 1.654a1.361 1.361 0 1 1-2.357-1.363.575.575 0 0 0 .078-.291V5.306a.583.583 0 0 0-.584-.584h-5.833ZM2 18.916a3.306 3.306 0 0 1 3.306-3.306h5.833a1.361 1.361 0 1 1 0 2.722H5.306a.583.583 0 0 0-.584.584v5.833c0 .322.261.583.584.583h5.833a.574.574 0 0 0 .29-.077 1.361 1.361 0 1 1 1.364 2.356 3.296 3.296 0 0 1-1.654.444H5.306A3.306 3.306 0 0 1 2 24.75v-5.833Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-subjects-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g id="icon-subjects-copy" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M13.3846154,2 C14.7015971,2 15.7692308,3.06762994 15.7692308,4.38461538 L15.7692308,7.15384615 C15.7692308,8.47082629 14.7015955,9.53846154 13.3846154,9.53846154 L13.1038388,9.53925278 C13.2061091,9.85347965 13.3815528,10.1423885 13.6195822,10.3804178 C13.9722182,10.7330539 14.436524,10.9483278 14.9293854,10.9918129 L15.1153846,11 C16.2068332,11 17.2535347,11.433562 18.0254647,12.2054189 C18.6411944,12.8212361 19.0416785,13.6120766 19.1784166,14.4609738 L19.6153846,14.4615385 C20.932386,14.4615385 22,15.5291672 22,16.8461538 L22,19.6153846 C22,20.9323924 20.9323924,22 19.6153846,22 L16.8461538,22 C15.5291672,22 14.4615385,20.932386 14.4615385,19.6153846 L14.4615385,16.8461538 C14.4615385,15.5291737 15.5291737,14.4615385 16.8461538,14.4615385 L17.126925,14.460779 C17.0246537,14.1465537 16.8492179,13.857633 16.6112344,13.6196157 C16.2144418,13.2228606 15.6764136,13 15.1153846,13 C14.0239122,13 12.9771569,12.5664197 12.2053686,11.7946314 C12.1335167,11.7227795 12.0645962,11.6485444 11.9986839,11.5721119 C11.9354038,11.6485444 11.8664833,11.7227795 11.7946314,11.7946314 C11.0228431,12.5664197 9.97608778,13 8.88461538,13 C8.323576,13 7.78552852,13.2228666 7.38881294,13.6195822 C7.15078359,13.8576115 6.97533988,14.1465203 6.8730696,14.4607472 L7.15384615,14.4615385 C8.47082629,14.4615385 9.53846154,15.5291737 9.53846154,16.8461538 L9.53846154,19.6153846 C9.53846154,20.932386 8.47083276,22 7.15384615,22 L4.38461538,22 C3.06762347,22 2,20.9323876 2,19.6153846 L2,16.8461538 C2,15.5291721 3.06762994,14.4615385 4.38461538,14.4615385 L4.8215823,14.4609378 C4.95831893,13.6120029 5.3588057,12.8211623 5.97459937,12.2053686 C6.69125996,11.488708 7.64500941,11.0636656 8.6514968,11.0066017 L8.88461538,11 C9.44565477,11 9.98370225,10.7771334 10.3804178,10.3804178 C10.6184472,10.1423885 10.7938909,9.85347965 10.8961612,9.53925278 L10.6153846,9.53846154 C9.29840448,9.53846154 8.23076923,8.47082629 8.23076923,7.15384615 L8.23076923,4.38461538 C8.23076923,3.06762994 9.29840286,2 10.6153846,2 L13.3846154,2 Z M7.15384615,16.4615385 L4.38461538,16.4615385 C4.17220099,16.4615385 4,16.63374 4,16.8461538 L4,19.6153846 C4,19.8278134 4.17218833,20 4.38461538,20 L7.15384615,20 C7.36626945,20 7.53846154,19.8278103 7.53846154,19.6153846 L7.53846154,16.8461538 C7.53846154,16.6337432 7.36625679,16.4615385 7.15384615,16.4615385 Z M19.6153846,16.4615385 L16.8461538,16.4615385 C16.6337432,16.4615385 16.4615385,16.6337432 16.4615385,16.8461538 L16.4615385,19.6153846 C16.4615385,19.8278103 16.6337306,20 16.8461538,20 L19.6153846,20 C19.8278229,20 20,19.8278229 20,19.6153846 L20,16.8461538 C20,16.6337306 19.8278103,16.4615385 19.6153846,16.4615385 Z M13.3846154,4 L10.6153846,4 C10.4029708,4 10.2307692,4.17220099 10.2307692,4.38461538 L10.2307692,7.15384615 C10.2307692,7.36625679 10.402974,7.53846154 10.6153846,7.53846154 L13.3846154,7.53846154 C13.597026,7.53846154 13.7692308,7.36625679 13.7692308,7.15384615 L13.7692308,4.38461538 C13.7692308,4.17220099 13.5970292,4 13.3846154,4 Z" id="Shape" fill-rule="nonzero"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-small-arrow-left" viewBox="0 0 16 17"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14 8.092H2m0 0L8 2M2 8.092l6 6.035"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-small-arrow-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><g fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2"><path d="M2 8.092h12M8 2l6 6.092M8 14.127l6-6.035"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-orcid-logo" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.281 10.453c.875 0 1.578-.719 1.578-1.578 0-.86-.703-1.578-1.578-1.578-.875 0-1.578.703-1.578 1.578 0 .86.703 1.578 1.578 1.578Zm-1.203 18.641h2.406V12.359h-2.406v16.735Z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M17.016 12.36h6.5c6.187 0 8.906 4.421 8.906 8.374 0 4.297-3.36 8.375-8.875 8.375h-6.531V12.36Zm6.234 14.578h-3.828V14.53h3.703c4.688 0 6.828 2.844 6.828 6.203 0 2.063-1.25 6.203-6.703 6.203Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol></svg> </div> <a class="c-skip-link" href="#main">Skip to main content</a> <div class="u-lazy-ad-wrapper u-mbs-0"> <div class="c-ad c-ad--728x90 c-ad--conditional" data-test="springer-doubleclick-ad"> <div class="c-ad c-ad__inner" > <p class="c-ad__label">Advertisement</p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-LB1" class="div-gpt-ad grade-c-hide" data-gpt data-gpt-unitpath="/270604982/springerlink/40333/article" data-gpt-sizes="728x90" data-gpt-targeting="pos=top;articleid=s40333-024-0064-5;" data-ad-type="top" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"> <noscript> <a href="//pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/270604982/springerlink/40333/article&sz=728x90&pos=top&articleid=s40333-024-0064-5"> <img data-test="gpt-advert-fallback-img" src="//pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/270604982/springerlink/40333/article&sz=728x90&pos=top&articleid=s40333-024-0064-5" alt="Advertisement" width="728" height="90"> </a> </noscript> </div> </div> </div> </div> <header class="eds-c-header" data-eds-c-header> <div class="eds-c-header__container" data-eds-c-header-expander-anchor> <div class="eds-c-header__brand"> <a href="https://link.springer.com" data-test=springerlink-logo data-track="click_imprint_logo" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click logo link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > <img src="/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-3149409f62.svg" alt="Springer Nature Link"> </a> </div> <a class="c-header__link eds-c-header__link" id="identity-account-widget" data-track="click_login" data-track-context="header" href='https://idp.springer.com/auth/personal/springernature?redirect_uri=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5?'><span class="eds-c-header__widget-fragment-title">Log in</span></a> </div> <nav class="eds-c-header__nav" aria-label="header navigation"> <div class="eds-c-header__nav-container"> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--menu"> <a href="#eds-c-header-nav" class="eds-c-header__link" data-eds-c-header-expander> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-menu-medium"></use> </svg><span>Menu</span> </a> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--inline-links"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/" data-track="nav_find_a_journal" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click find a journal" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Find a journal </a> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_how_to_publish" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click publish with us link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Publish with us </a> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springernature.com/home/" data-track="nav_track_your_research" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click track your research" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Track your research </a> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__link-container"> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--divider"> <a href="#eds-c-header-popup-search" class="eds-c-header__link" data-eds-c-header-expander data-eds-c-header-test-search-btn> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-search-medium"></use> </svg><span>Search</span> </a> </div> <div id="ecommerce-header-cart-icon-link" class="eds-c-header__item ecommerce-cart" style="display:inline-block"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" style="appearance:none;border:none;background:none;color:inherit;position:relative"> <svg id="eds-i-cart" class="eds-c-header__icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" width="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M2 1a1 1 0 0 0 0 2l1.659.001 2.257 12.808a2.599 2.599 0 0 0 2.435 2.185l.167.004 9.976-.001a2.613 2.613 0 0 0 2.61-1.748l.03-.106 1.755-7.82.032-.107a2.546 2.546 0 0 0-.311-1.986l-.108-.157a2.604 2.604 0 0 0-2.197-1.076L6.042 5l-.56-3.17a1 1 0 0 0-.864-.82l-.12-.007L2.001 1ZM20.35 6.996a.63.63 0 0 1 .54.26.55.55 0 0 1 .082.505l-.028.1L19.2 15.63l-.022.05c-.094.177-.282.299-.526.317l-10.145.002a.61.61 0 0 1-.618-.515L6.394 6.999l13.955-.003ZM18 19a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4ZM8 19a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"></path> </svg><span>Cart</span><span class="cart-info" style="display:none;position:absolute;top:10px;right:45px;background-color:#C65301;color:#fff;width:18px;height:18px;font-size:11px;border-radius:50%;line-height:17.5px;text-align:center"></span></a> <script>(function () { var exports = {}; if (window.fetch) { "use strict"; Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true }); exports.headerWidgetClientInit = void 0; var headerWidgetClientInit = function (getCartInfo) { document.body.addEventListener("updatedCart", function () { updateCartIcon(); }, false); return updateCartIcon(); function updateCartIcon() { return getCartInfo() .then(function (res) { return res.json(); }) .then(refreshCartState) .catch(function (_) { }); } function refreshCartState(json) { var indicator = document.querySelector("#ecommerce-header-cart-icon-link .cart-info"); /* istanbul ignore else */ if (indicator && json.itemCount) { indicator.style.display = 'block'; indicator.textContent = json.itemCount > 9 ? '9+' : json.itemCount.toString(); var moreThanOneItem = json.itemCount > 1; indicator.setAttribute('title', "there ".concat(moreThanOneItem ? "are" : "is", " ").concat(json.itemCount, " item").concat(moreThanOneItem ? "s" : "", " in your cart")); } return json; } }; exports.headerWidgetClientInit = headerWidgetClientInit; headerWidgetClientInit( function () { return window.fetch("https://cart.springer.com/cart-info", { credentials: "include", headers: { Accept: "application/json" } }) } ) }})()</script> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <article lang="en" id="main" class="app-masthead__colour-20"> <section class="app-masthead " aria-label="article masthead"> <div class="app-masthead__container"> <div class="app-article-masthead u-sans-serif js-context-bar-sticky-point-masthead" data-track-component="article" data-test="masthead-component"> <div class="app-article-masthead__info"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumbs" data-test="breadcrumbs"> <ol class="c-breadcrumbs c-breadcrumbs--contrast" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb0" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="/" class="c-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" data-track="click_breadcrumb" data-track-context="article page" data-track-category="article" data-track-action="breadcrumbs" data-track-label="breadcrumb1"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"> <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10"> <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/> </svg> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb1" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="/journal/40333" class="c-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" data-track="click_breadcrumb" data-track-context="article page" data-track-category="article" data-track-action="breadcrumbs" data-track-label="breadcrumb2"><span itemprop="name">Journal of Arid Land</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"> <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10"> <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/> </svg> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb2" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <span itemprop="name">Article</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </nav> <h1 class="c-article-title" data-test="article-title" data-article-title="">Response of drought to climate extremes in a semi-arid inland river basin in China</h1> <ul class="c-article-identifiers"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item" data-test="article-category">Research Article</li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research" data-track="click" data-track-action="open access" data-track-label="link" class="u-color-open-access" data-test="open-access">Open access</a> </li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> Published: <time datetime="2024-11-16">16 November 2024</time> </li> </ul> <ul class="c-article-identifiers c-article-identifiers--cite-list"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> <span data-test="journal-volume">Volume 16</span>, pages 1505–1521, (<span data-test="article-publication-year">2024</span>) </li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item c-article-identifiers__item--cite"> <a href="#citeas" data-track="click" data-track-action="cite this article" data-track-category="article body" data-track-label="link">Cite this article</a> </li> </ul> <div class="app-article-masthead__buttons" data-test="download-article-link-wrapper" data-track-context="masthead"> <div class="c-pdf-container"> <div class="c-pdf-download u-clear-both u-mb-16"> <a href="/content/pdf/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5.pdf" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-article-pdf="true" data-readcube-pdf-url="true" data-test="pdf-link" data-draft-ignore="true" data-track="content_download" data-track-type="article pdf download" data-track-action="download pdf" data-track-label="button" data-track-external download> <span class="c-pdf-download__text">Download PDF</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"><use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> <p class="app-article-masthead__access"> <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium"></use></svg> You have full access to this <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research" data-track="click" data-track-action="open access" data-track-label="link">open access</a> article</p> </div> </div> <div class="app-article-masthead__brand"> <a href="/journal/40333" class="app-article-masthead__journal-link" data-track="click_journal_home" data-track-action="journal homepage" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 768px)" width="120" height="159" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w120/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/40333?as=webp, https://media.springernature.com/w316/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/40333?as=webp 2x"> <img width="72" height="95" src="https://media.springernature.com/w72/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/40333?as=webp" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w144/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/40333?as=webp 2x" alt=""> </picture> <span class="app-article-masthead__journal-title">Journal of Arid Land</span> </a> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/40333/aims-and-scope" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_aims_and_scope" data-track-action="aims and scope" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> Aims and scope <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> <a href="https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/xjjal" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_submit_manuscript" data-track-context="article masthead on springerlink article page" data-track-action="submit manuscript" data-track-label="link"> Submit manuscript <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="u-serif js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <div class="c-context-bar u-hide" data-test="context-bar" data-context-bar aria-hidden="true"> <div class="c-context-bar__container u-container"> <div class="c-context-bar__title"> Response of drought to climate extremes in a semi-arid inland river basin in China </div> <div data-test="inCoD" data-track-context="sticky banner"> <div class="c-pdf-container"> <div class="c-pdf-download u-clear-both u-mb-16"> <a href="/content/pdf/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5.pdf" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-article-pdf="true" data-readcube-pdf-url="true" data-test="pdf-link" data-draft-ignore="true" data-track="content_download" data-track-type="article pdf download" data-track-action="download pdf" data-track-label="button" data-track-external download> <span class="c-pdf-download__text">Download PDF</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"><use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Zhicheng-Qu-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Zhicheng-Qu-Aff1" data-author-search="Qu, Zhicheng">Zhicheng Qu</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Shunyu-Yao-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Shunyu-Yao-Aff1" data-author-search="Yao, Shunyu">Shunyu Yao</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Dongwei-Liu-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Dongwei-Liu-Aff1" data-author-search="Liu, Dongwei" data-corresp-id="c1">Dongwei Liu<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> </li></ul> <div data-test="article-metrics"> <ul class="app-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-accesses-medium"></use> </svg>224 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/article/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Explore all metrics <svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="u-mt-32"> </div> </header> </div> <div data-article-body="true" data-track-component="article body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>Against the backdrop of global warming, climate extremes and drought events have become more severe, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. This study forecasted the characteristics of climate extremes in the Xilin River Basin (a semi-arid inland river basin) of China for the period of 2021–2100 by employing a multi-model ensemble approach based on three climate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Furthermore, a linear regression, a wavelet analysis, and the correlation analysis were conducted to explore the response of climate extremes to the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), as well as their respective trends during the historical period from 1970 to 2020 and during the future period from 2021 to 2070. The results indicated that extreme high temperatures and extreme precipitation will further intensify under the higher forcing scenarios (SSP5-8.5>SSP2-4.5>SSP1-2.6) in the future. The SPEI trends under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios were estimated as −0.003/a, −0.004/a, and −0.008/a, respectively, indicating a drier future climate. During the historical period (1970–2020), the SPEI and SDI trends were −0.003/a and −0.016/a, respectively, with significant cycles of 15 and 22 a, and abrupt changes occurring in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The next abrupt change in the SPEI was projected to occur in the 2040s. The SPEI had a significant positive correlation with both summer days (SU) and heavy precipitation days (R10mm), while the SDI was only significantly positively correlated with R10mm. Additionally, the SPEI and SDI exhibited a strong and consistent positive correlation at a cycle of 4–6 a, indicating a robust interdependence between the two indices. These findings have important implications for policy makers, enabling them to improve water resource management of inland river basins in arid and semi-arid areas under future climate uncertainty.</p></div></div></section> <div data-test="cobranding-download"> <div class="note test-pdf-link" id="cobranding-and-download-availability-text"> <section aria-labelledby="preview" class="app-pdf-preview"> <div class="c-article-section" id="preview-section"> <h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="preview">Article PDF</h2> <div class="c-article-section__content" id="preview-content"> <iframe src="/content/pdf/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5.pdf" class="app-pdf-preview__frame" title="Article PDF"></iframe> </div> </div> </section> <div class="c-article-access-provider" aria-hidden="true" data-component="provided-by-box"> <p class="c-article-access-provider__text"> <a href="/content/pdf/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5.pdf" class="c-pdf-download__link" style="display: inline; padding:0px!important;" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-track="click" data-track-action="download pdf" data-track-label="inline link" download>Download</a> to read the full article text </p> </div> </div> </div> <section aria-labelledby="inline-recommendations" data-title="Inline Recommendations" class="c-article-recommendations" data-track-component="inline-recommendations"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-title" id="inline-recommendations">Similar content being viewed by others</h3> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00477-017-1484-y/MediaObjects/477_2017_1484_Fig1_HTML.gif" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00477-017-1484-y?fromPaywallRec=false" data-track="select_recommendations_1" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 1" data-track-label="10.1007/s00477-017-1484-y">Impacts of climate variability and change on drought characteristics in the Niger River Basin, West Africa </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">04 November 2017</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11069-022-05650-y/MediaObjects/11069_2022_5650_Fig1_HTML.png" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-022-05650-y?fromPaywallRec=false" data-track="select_recommendations_2" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 2" data-track-label="10.1007/s11069-022-05650-y">Exploring spatio-temporal variation of drought characteristics and propagation under climate change using multi-model ensemble projections </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">14 October 2022</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00477-023-02406-3/MediaObjects/477_2023_2406_Fig1_HTML.png" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00477-023-02406-3?fromPaywallRec=false" data-track="select_recommendations_3" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 3" data-track-label="10.1007/s00477-023-02406-3">The increasing risk of future simultaneous droughts over the Yangtze River basin based on CMIP6 models </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">01 April 2023</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ recommendations: { recommender: 'semantic', model: 'specter', policy_id: 'NA', timestamp: 1739772295, embedded_user: 'null' } }); </script> <div class="app-card-service" data-test="article-checklist-banner"> <div> <a class="app-card-service__link" data-track="click_presubmission_checklist" data-track-context="article page top of reading companion" data-track-category="pre-submission-checklist" data-track-action="clicked article page checklist banner test 2 old version" data-track-label="link" href="https://beta.springernature.com/pre-submission?journalId=40333" data-test="article-checklist-banner-link"> <span class="app-card-service__link-text">Use our pre-submission checklist</span> <svg class="app-card-service__link-icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-small"></use></svg> </a> <p class="app-card-service__description">Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.</p> </div> <div class="app-card-service__icon-container"> <svg class="app-card-service__icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-clipboard-check-medium"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="main-content"> </div> <div id="MagazineFulltextArticleBodySuffix"><section aria-labelledby="Bib1" data-title="References"><div class="c-article-section" id="Bib1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Bib1">References</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Bib1-content"><div data-container-section="references"><ul class="c-article-references" data-track-component="outbound reference" data-track-context="references section"><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR1">Almazroui M. 2019. Climate extremes over the Arabian Peninsula using RegCM4 for present conditions forced by several CMIP5 models. Atmosphere, 10(11): 675, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110675" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/atmos10110675">https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110675</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3390/atmos10110675" data-track-item_id="10.3390/atmos10110675" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fatmos10110675" aria-label="Article reference 1" data-doi="10.3390/atmos10110675">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 1" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Climate%20extremes%20over%20the%20Arabian%20Peninsula%20using%20RegCM4%20for%20present%20conditions%20forced%20by%20several%20CMIP5%20models&journal=Atmosphere&doi=10.3390%2Fatmos10110675&volume=10&issue=11&publication_year=2019&author=Almazroui%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR2">Ascaso M S, Diaz J, Lopez-Bueno J A, et al. 2024. How heatwaves affect short-term emergency hospital admissions due to bacterial foodborne diseases. Science of the Total Environment, 946: 174209, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174209" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174209">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174209</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174209" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174209" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.174209" aria-label="Article reference 2" data-doi="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174209">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXhsVaqtb%2FF" aria-label="CAS reference 2">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 2" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=How%20heatwaves%20affect%20short-term%20emergency%20hospital%20admissions%20due%20to%20bacterial%20foodborne%20diseases&journal=Science%20of%20the%20Total%20Environment&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.174209&volume=946&publication_year=2024&author=Ascaso%2CM%20S&author=Diaz%2CJ&author=Lopez-Bueno%2CJ%20A"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR3">Ballarin A S, Barros G L, Cabrera M C, et al. 2021. A copula-based drought assessment framework considering global simulation models. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 38: 100970, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100970" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100970">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100970</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 3" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20copula-based%20drought%20assessment%20framework%20considering%20global%20simulation%20models&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies&volume=38&publication_year=2021&author=Ballarin%2CA%20S&author=Barros%2CG%20L&author=Cabrera%2CM%20C"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR4">Bilgili F, Kocak E, Kuskaya S, et al. 2022. Co-movements and causalities between ethanol production and corn prices in the USA: New evidence from wavelet transform analysis. Energy, 259: 124874, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124874" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.energy.2022.124874">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124874</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.energy.2022.124874" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.energy.2022.124874" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.energy.2022.124874" aria-label="Article reference 4" data-doi="10.1016/j.energy.2022.124874">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 4" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Co-movements%20and%20causalities%20between%20ethanol%20production%20and%20corn%20prices%20in%20the%20USA%3A%20New%20evidence%20from%20wavelet%20transform%20analysis&journal=Energy&doi=10.1016%2Fj.energy.2022.124874&volume=259&publication_year=2022&author=Bilgili%2CF&author=Kocak%2CE&author=Kuskaya%2CS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR5">Chikabvumbwa S R, Salehnia N, Gholami A, et al. 2024. Characterization of hydro-meteorological droughts based on dynamic future scenarios and effective rainfall over Central Malawi. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 155(3): 1959–1975.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s00704-023-04715-7" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s00704-023-04715-7" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00704-023-04715-7" aria-label="Article reference 5" data-doi="10.1007/s00704-023-04715-7">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 5" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Characterization%20of%20hydro-meteorological%20droughts%20based%20on%20dynamic%20future%20scenarios%20and%20effective%20rainfall%20over%20Central%20Malawi&journal=Theoretical%20and%20Applied%20Climatology&doi=10.1007%2Fs00704-023-04715-7&volume=155&issue=3&pages=1959-1975&publication_year=2024&author=Chikabvumbwa%2CS%20R&author=Salehnia%2CN&author=Gholami%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR6">Dong J A, Xing L Q, Cui N B, et al. 2023. Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) estimated using variant long short-term memory network at four climatic zones of China. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 213: 108253, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.108253" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.compag.2023.108253">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.108253</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.compag.2023.108253" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.compag.2023.108253" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.compag.2023.108253" aria-label="Article reference 6" data-doi="10.1016/j.compag.2023.108253">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 6" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Standardized%20precipitation%20evapotranspiration%20index%20%28SPEI%29%20estimated%20using%20variant%20long%20short-term%20memory%20network%20at%20four%20climatic%20zones%20of%20China&journal=Computers%20and%20Electronics%20in%20Agriculture&doi=10.1016%2Fj.compag.2023.108253&volume=213&publication_year=2023&author=Dong%2CJ%20A&author=Xing%2CL%20Q&author=Cui%2CN%20B"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR7">Fattah M A, Hasan M M, Dola I A, et al. 2024. Implications of rainfall variability on groundwater recharge and sustainable management in South Asian capitals: An in-depth analysis using Mann Kendall tests, continuous wavelet coherence, and innovative trend analysis. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 24: 101060, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2023.101060" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.gsd.2023.101060">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2023.101060</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.gsd.2023.101060" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.gsd.2023.101060" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gsd.2023.101060" aria-label="Article reference 7" data-doi="10.1016/j.gsd.2023.101060">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 7" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Implications%20of%20rainfall%20variability%20on%20groundwater%20recharge%20and%20sustainable%20management%20in%20South%20Asian%20capitals%3A%20An%20in-depth%20analysis%20using%20Mann%20Kendall%20tests%2C%20continuous%20wavelet%20coherence%2C%20and%20innovative%20trend%20analysis&journal=Groundwater%20for%20Sustainable%20Development&doi=10.1016%2Fj.gsd.2023.101060&volume=24&publication_year=2024&author=Fattah%2CM%20A&author=Hasan%2CM%20M&author=Dola%2CI%20A"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR8">Gao S R, Jiang G L, Zhang Z Q, et al. 2024. Permafrost temperature dynamics and its climate relations in various Tibetan alpine grasslands. Catena, 241: 108065, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.108065" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.catena.2024.108065">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.108065</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.catena.2024.108065" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.catena.2024.108065" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.catena.2024.108065" aria-label="Article reference 8" data-doi="10.1016/j.catena.2024.108065">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 8" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Permafrost%20temperature%20dynamics%20and%20its%20climate%20relations%20in%20various%20Tibetan%20alpine%20grasslands&journal=Catena&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2024.108065&volume=241&publication_year=2024&author=Gao%2CS%20R&author=Jiang%2CG%20L&author=Zhang%2CZ%20Q"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR9">Gao X, Shi Y, Song R, et al. 2008. Reduction of future monsoon precipitation over China: Comparison between a high resolution RCM simulation and the driving GCM. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 100(4): 73–86.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s00703-008-0296-5" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s00703-008-0296-5" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00703-008-0296-5" aria-label="Article reference 9" data-doi="10.1007/s00703-008-0296-5">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 9" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Reduction%20of%20future%20monsoon%20precipitation%20over%20China%3A%20Comparison%20between%20a%20high%20resolution%20RCM%20simulation%20and%20the%20driving%20GCM&journal=Meteorology%20and%20Atmospheric%20Physics&doi=10.1007%2Fs00703-008-0296-5&volume=100&issue=4&pages=73-86&publication_year=2008&author=Gao%2CX&author=Shi%2CY&author=Song%2CR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR10">Gumus V. 2023. Evaluating the effect of the SPI and SPEI methods on drought monitoring over Turkey. Journal of Hydrology, 626: 130386, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130386" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130386">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130386</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130386" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130386" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.130386" aria-label="Article reference 10" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130386">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 10" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Evaluating%20the%20effect%20of%20the%20SPI%20and%20SPEI%20methods%20on%20drought%20monitoring%20over%20Turkey&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.130386&volume=626&publication_year=2023&author=Gumus%2CV"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR11">Han T T, Chen H P, Hao X, et al. 2018. Projected changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the Silk Road Economic Belt regions by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 multi-model ensembles. International Journal of Climatology, 38(11): 4077–4091.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/joc.5553" data-track-item_id="10.1002/joc.5553" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjoc.5553" aria-label="Article reference 11" data-doi="10.1002/joc.5553">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 11" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Projected%20changes%20in%20temperature%20and%20precipitation%20extremes%20over%20the%20Silk%20Road%20Economic%20Belt%20regions%20by%20the%20Coupled%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project%20Phase%205%20multi-model%20ensembles&journal=International%20Journal%20of%20Climatology&doi=10.1002%2Fjoc.5553&volume=38&issue=11&pages=4077-4091&publication_year=2018&author=Han%2CT%20T&author=Chen%2CH%20P&author=Hao%2CX"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR12">Harrison S P, Bartlein P J, Izumi K, et al. 2015. Evaluation of CMIP5 palaeo-simulations to improve climate projections. Nature Climate Change, 5(8): 735–743.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1038/nclimate2649" data-track-item_id="10.1038/nclimate2649" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnclimate2649" aria-label="Article reference 12" data-doi="10.1038/nclimate2649">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 12" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Evaluation%20of%20CMIP5%20palaeo-simulations%20to%20improve%20climate%20projections&journal=Nature%20Climate%20Change&doi=10.1038%2Fnclimate2649&volume=5&issue=8&pages=735-743&publication_year=2015&author=Harrison%2CS%20P&author=Bartlein%2CP%20J&author=Izumi%2CK"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR13">Hassan W U, Nayak M A, Azam M F. 2024. Intensifying spatially compound heatwaves: Global implications to crop production and human population. Science of the Total Environment, 932: 172914, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172914" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172914">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172914</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172914" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172914" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.172914" aria-label="Article reference 13" data-doi="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172914">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXhtVKmt73L" aria-label="CAS reference 13">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 13" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Intensifying%20spatially%20compound%20heatwaves%3A%20Global%20implications%20to%20crop%20production%20and%20human%20population&journal=Science%20of%20the%20Total%20Environment&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.172914&volume=932&publication_year=2024&author=Hassan%2CW%20U&author=Nayak%2CM%20A&author=Azam%2CM%20F"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR14">Kuskaya S. 2022. Residential solar energy consumption and greenhouse gas nexus: Evidence from Morlet wavelet transforms. Renewable Energy, 192: 793–804.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.107" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.107" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.renene.2022.04.107" aria-label="Article reference 14" data-doi="10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.107">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 14" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Residential%20solar%20energy%20consumption%20and%20greenhouse%20gas%20nexus%3A%20Evidence%20from%20Morlet%20wavelet%20transforms&journal=Renewable%20Energy&doi=10.1016%2Fj.renene.2022.04.107&volume=192&pages=793-804&publication_year=2022&author=Kuskaya%2CS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR15">Laimighofer J, Laaha G. 2022. How standard are standardized drought indices? Uncertainty components for the SPI & SPEI case. Journal of Hydrology, 613: 128385, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128385" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128385">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128385</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128385" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128385" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2022.128385" aria-label="Article reference 15" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128385">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 15" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=How%20standard%20are%20standardized%20drought%20indices%3F%20Uncertainty%20components%20for%20the%20SPI%20%26%20SPEI%20case&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2022.128385&volume=613&publication_year=2022&author=Laimighofer%2CJ&author=Laaha%2CG"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR16">Li H W, Li Z, Chen Y N, et al. 2021. Projected meteorological drought over Asian drylands under different CMIP6 scenarios. Remote Sensing, 13(21): 4409, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214409" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3390/rs13214409">https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214409</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3390/rs13214409" data-track-item_id="10.3390/rs13214409" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frs13214409" aria-label="Article reference 16" data-doi="10.3390/rs13214409">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xht1aqt7c%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 16">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 16" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Projected%20meteorological%20drought%20over%20Asian%20drylands%20under%20different%20CMIP6%20scenarios&journal=Remote%20Sensing&doi=10.3390%2Frs13214409&volume=13&issue=21&publication_year=2021&author=Li%2CH%20W&author=Li%2CZ&author=Chen%2CY%20N"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR17">Li J F, Zhang Q, Chen Y Q, et al. 2013. Changing spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation extremes in China during 2071–2100 based on earth system models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(22): 12537–12555.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 17" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Changing%20spatiotemporal%20patterns%20of%20precipitation%20extremes%20in%20China%20during%202071%E2%80%932100%20based%20on%20earth%20system%20models&journal=Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres&volume=118&issue=22&pages=12537-12555&publication_year=2013&author=Li%2CJ%20F&author=Zhang%2CQ&author=Chen%2CY%20Q"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR18">Li J Z, Li Y P, Zhang T, et al. 2023. Research on the future climate change and runoff response in the mountainous area of Yongding watershed. Journal of Hydrology, 625: 130108, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130108" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130108">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130108</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130108" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130108" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.130108" aria-label="Article reference 18" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130108">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 18" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Research%20on%20the%20future%20climate%20change%20and%20runoff%20response%20in%20the%20mountainous%20area%20of%20Yongding%20watershed&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.130108&volume=625&publication_year=2023&author=Li%2CJ%20Z&author=Li%2CY%20P&author=Zhang%2CT"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR19">Liu Y, Li Y P, Huang G H, et al. 2023. Development of an integrated model on the basis of GCMs-RF-FA for predicting wind energy resources under climate change impact: A case study of Jing-Jin-Ji region in China. Renewable Energy, 219: 119547, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119547" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.renene.2023.119547">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119547</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.renene.2023.119547" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.renene.2023.119547" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.renene.2023.119547" aria-label="Article reference 19" data-doi="10.1016/j.renene.2023.119547">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 19" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Development%20of%20an%20integrated%20model%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20GCMs-RF-FA%20for%20predicting%20wind%20energy%20resources%20under%20climate%20change%20impact%3A%20A%20case%20study%20of%20Jing-Jin-Ji%20region%20in%20China&journal=Renewable%20Energy&doi=10.1016%2Fj.renene.2023.119547&volume=219&publication_year=2023&author=Liu%2CY&author=Li%2CY%20P&author=Huang%2CG%20H"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR20">Lv X Q, Liu J H, Balzter H K, et al. 2024. Rapid and extensive expansion of shrub encroachment into grassland in Xilin Gol League, China, and its driving forces. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 132: 104009, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.104009" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jag.2024.104009">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.104009</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jag.2024.104009" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jag.2024.104009" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jag.2024.104009" aria-label="Article reference 20" data-doi="10.1016/j.jag.2024.104009">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 20" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Rapid%20and%20extensive%20expansion%20of%20shrub%20encroachment%20into%20grassland%20in%20Xilin%20Gol%20League%2C%20China%2C%20and%20its%20driving%20forces&journal=International%20Journal%20of%20Applied%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Geoinformation&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jag.2024.104009&volume=132&publication_year=2024&author=Lv%2CX%20Q&author=Liu%2CJ%20H&author=Balzter%2CH%20K"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR21">Medeiros F J, Oliveira C P, Avila-Diaz A. 2022. Evaluation of extreme precipitation climate indices and their projected changes for Brazil: From CMIP3 to CMIP6. Weather and Climate Extremes, 38: 100511, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2022.100511" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.wace.2022.100511">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2022.100511</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.wace.2022.100511" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.wace.2022.100511" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.wace.2022.100511" aria-label="Article reference 21" data-doi="10.1016/j.wace.2022.100511">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 21" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Evaluation%20of%20extreme%20precipitation%20climate%20indices%20and%20their%20projected%20changes%20for%20Brazil%3A%20From%20CMIP3%20to%20CMIP6&journal=Weather%20and%20Climate%20Extremes&doi=10.1016%2Fj.wace.2022.100511&volume=38&publication_year=2022&author=Medeiros%2CF%20J&author=Oliveira%2CC%20P&author=Avila-Diaz%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR22">Mohammed S, Arshad S, Alsilibe F, et al. 2024. Utilizing machine learning and CMIP6 projections for short-term agricultural drought monitoring in central Europe (1900–2100). Journal of Hydrology, 633: 130968, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130968" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130968">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130968</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130968" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130968" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2024.130968" aria-label="Article reference 22" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130968">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 22" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Utilizing%20machine%20learning%20and%20CMIP6%20projections%20for%20short-term%20agricultural%20drought%20monitoring%20in%20central%20Europe%20%281900%E2%80%932100%29&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2024.130968&volume=633&publication_year=2024&author=Mohammed%2CS&author=Arshad%2CS&author=Alsilibe%2CF"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR23">Nayak P C, Venkatesh B, Krishna B, et al. 2013. Rainfall-runoff modeling using conceptual, data driven, and wavelet based computing approach. Journal of Hydrology, 493: 57–67.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.016" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.016" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2013.04.016" aria-label="Article reference 23" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.016">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 23" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Rainfall-runoff%20modeling%20using%20conceptual%2C%20data%20driven%2C%20and%20wavelet%20based%20computing%20approach&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2013.04.016&volume=493&pages=57-67&publication_year=2013&author=Nayak%2CP%20C&author=Venkatesh%2CB&author=Krishna%2CB"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR24">Nourani V, Tootoonchi R, Andaryani S. 2021. Investigation of climate, land cover and lake level pattern changes and interactions using remotely sensed data and wavelet analysis. Ecological Informatics, 64: 101330, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101330" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101330">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101330</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101330" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101330" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecoinf.2021.101330" aria-label="Article reference 24" data-doi="10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101330">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 24" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Investigation%20of%20climate%2C%20land%20cover%20and%20lake%20level%20pattern%20changes%20and%20interactions%20using%20remotely%20sensed%20data%20and%20wavelet%20analysis&journal=Ecological%20Informatics&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecoinf.2021.101330&volume=64&publication_year=2021&author=Nourani%2CV&author=Tootoonchi%2CR&author=Andaryani%2CS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR25">Omer A, Elagib N A, Ma Z G, et al. 2020. Water scarcity in the Yellow River Basin under future climate change and human activities. Science of the Total Environment, 749: 141446, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141446" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141446">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141446</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141446" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141446" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2020.141446" aria-label="Article reference 25" data-doi="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141446">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhslGqu7nN" aria-label="CAS reference 25">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 25" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Water%20scarcity%20in%20the%20Yellow%20River%20Basin%20under%20future%20climate%20change%20and%20human%20activities&journal=Science%20of%20the%20Total%20Environment&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2020.141446&volume=749&publication_year=2020&author=Omer%2CA&author=Elagib%2CN%20A&author=Ma%2CZ%20G"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR26">Owuor S O, Butterbach-Bahl K, Guzha A C, et al. 2016. Groundwater recharge rates and surface runoff response to land use and land cover changes in semi-arid environments. Ecological Processes, 5(1): 16, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-016-0060-6" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1186/s13717-016-0060-6">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-016-0060-6</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1186/s13717-016-0060-6" data-track-item_id="10.1186/s13717-016-0060-6" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1186/s13717-016-0060-6" aria-label="Article reference 26" data-doi="10.1186/s13717-016-0060-6">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 26" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Groundwater%20recharge%20rates%20and%20surface%20runoff%20response%20to%20land%20use%20and%20land%20cover%20changes%20in%20semi-arid%20environments&journal=Ecological%20Processes&doi=10.1186%2Fs13717-016-0060-6&volume=5&issue=1&publication_year=2016&author=Owuor%2CS%20O&author=Butterbach-Bahl%2CK&author=Guzha%2CA%20C"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR27">Rehana S, Nannaka V, Mummidivarapu S K. 2024. Variations of compound warm, dry, wet, and cold climate extremes in India during 1951 to 2014. Science of the Total Environment, 950: 175164, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175164" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175164">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175164</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175164" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175164" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.175164" aria-label="Article reference 27" data-doi="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175164">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXhslehtrfJ" aria-label="CAS reference 27">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 27" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Variations%20of%20compound%20warm%2C%20dry%2C%20wet%2C%20and%20cold%20climate%20extremes%20in%20India%20during%201951%20to%202014&journal=Science%20of%20the%20Total%20Environment&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.175164&volume=950&publication_year=2024&author=Rehana%2CS&author=Nannaka%2CV&author=Mummidivarapu%2CS%20K"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR28">Ren L W, Zhou T J, Zhang W X. 2020. Attribution of the record-breaking heat event over Northeast Asia in summer 2018: the role of circulation. Environmental Research Letters, 15(5): 054018, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8032" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1088/1748-9326/ab8032">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8032</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1088/1748-9326/ab8032" data-track-item_id="10.1088/1748-9326/ab8032" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fab8032" aria-label="Article reference 28" data-doi="10.1088/1748-9326/ab8032">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 28" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Attribution%20of%20the%20record-breaking%20heat%20event%20over%20Northeast%20Asia%20in%20summer%202018%3A%20the%20role%20of%20circulation&journal=Environmental%20Research%20Letters&doi=10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fab8032&volume=15&issue=5&publication_year=2020&author=Ren%2CL%20W&author=Zhou%2CT%20J&author=Zhang%2CW%20X"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR29">Rezvani R, Rahimimovaghar M, Na W, et al. 2023. Accelerated lagged compound floods and droughts in northwest North America under 1.5°C–4°C global warming levels. Journal of Hydrology, 624: 129906, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129906" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129906">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129906</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129906" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129906" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.129906" aria-label="Article reference 29" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129906">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 29" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Accelerated%20lagged%20compound%20floods%20and%20droughts%20in%20northwest%20North%20America%20under%201.5%C2%B0C%E2%80%934%C2%B0C%20global%20warming%20levels&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.129906&volume=624&publication_year=2023&author=Rezvani%2CR&author=Rahimimovaghar%2CM&author=Na%2CW"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR30">Samuel S, Dosio A, Mphale K, et al. 2023. Comparison of multi-model ensembles of global and regional climate model projections for daily characteristics of precipitation over four major river basins in southern Africa. Part II: Future changes under 1.5°C, 2.0°C and 3.0°C warming levels. Atmospheric Research, 293: 106921, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106921" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106921">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106921</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106921" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106921" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.atmosres.2023.106921" aria-label="Article reference 30" data-doi="10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106921">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 30" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Comparison%20of%20multi-model%20ensembles%20of%20global%20and%20regional%20climate%20model%20projections%20for%20daily%20characteristics%20of%20precipitation%20over%20four%20major%20river%20basins%20in%20southern%20Africa.%20Part%20II%3A%20Future%20changes%20under%201.5%C2%B0C%2C%202.0%C2%B0C%20and%203.0%C2%B0C%20warming%20levels&journal=Atmospheric%20Research&doi=10.1016%2Fj.atmosres.2023.106921&volume=293&publication_year=2023&author=Samuel%2CS&author=Dosio%2CA&author=Mphale%2CK"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR31">Sang Y F. 2013. A review on the applications of wavelet transform in hydrology time series analysis. Atmospheric Research, 122: 8–15.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.11.003" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.11.003" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.atmosres.2012.11.003" aria-label="Article reference 31" data-doi="10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.11.003">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 31" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20review%20on%20the%20applications%20of%20wavelet%20transform%20in%20hydrology%20time%20series%20analysis&journal=Atmospheric%20Research&doi=10.1016%2Fj.atmosres.2012.11.003&volume=122&pages=8-15&publication_year=2013&author=Sang%2CY%20F"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR32">Savage A, Bambrick H, Gallegos D. 2021. Climate extremes constrain agency and long-term health: A qualitative case study in a Pacific Small Island Developing State. Weather and Climate Extremes, 31: 100293, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2020.100293" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.wace.2020.100293">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2020.100293</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.wace.2020.100293" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.wace.2020.100293" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.wace.2020.100293" aria-label="Article reference 32" data-doi="10.1016/j.wace.2020.100293">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 32" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Climate%20extremes%20constrain%20agency%20and%20long-term%20health%3A%20A%20qualitative%20case%20study%20in%20a%20Pacific%20Small%20Island%20Developing%20State&journal=Weather%20and%20Climate%20Extremes&doi=10.1016%2Fj.wace.2020.100293&volume=31&publication_year=2021&author=Savage%2CA&author=Bambrick%2CH&author=Gallegos%2CD"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR33">Shukla S, Zaheer F, Hoell A, et al. 2024. ENSO-based outlook of droughts and agricultural outcomes in Afghanistan. Weather and Climate Extremes, 45: 100697, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100697" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.wace.2024.100697">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100697</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.wace.2024.100697" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.wace.2024.100697" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.wace.2024.100697" aria-label="Article reference 33" data-doi="10.1016/j.wace.2024.100697">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 33" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=ENSO-based%20outlook%20of%20droughts%20and%20agricultural%20outcomes%20in%20Afghanistan&journal=Weather%20and%20Climate%20Extremes&doi=10.1016%2Fj.wace.2024.100697&volume=45&publication_year=2024&author=Shukla%2CS&author=Zaheer%2CF&author=Hoell%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR34">Stephens G L, Ellis T D. 2008. Controls of global-mean precipitation increases in global warming GCM experiments. Journal of Climate, 21(23): 6141–6155.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1175/2008JCLI2144.1" data-track-item_id="10.1175/2008JCLI2144.1" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2F2008JCLI2144.1" aria-label="Article reference 34" data-doi="10.1175/2008JCLI2144.1">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 34" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Controls%20of%20global-mean%20precipitation%20increases%20in%20global%20warming%20GCM%20experiments&journal=Journal%20of%20Climate&doi=10.1175%2F2008JCLI2144.1&volume=21&issue=23&pages=6141-6155&publication_year=2008&author=Stephens%2CG%20L&author=Ellis%2CT%20D"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR35">Su B D, Huang J L, Mondal S K, et al. 2021. Insight from CMIP6 SSP-RCP scenarios for future drought characteristics in China. Atmospheric Research, 250: 105375, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105375" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105375">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105375</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105375" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105375" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.atmosres.2020.105375" aria-label="Article reference 35" data-doi="10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105375">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 35" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Insight%20from%20CMIP6%20SSP-RCP%20scenarios%20for%20future%20drought%20characteristics%20in%20China&journal=Atmospheric%20Research&doi=10.1016%2Fj.atmosres.2020.105375&volume=250&publication_year=2021&author=Su%2CB%20D&author=Huang%2CJ%20L&author=Mondal%2CS%20K"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR36">Su Y J, Zhang P D, Su Y Q. 2015. An overview of biofuels policies and industrialization in the major biofuel producing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50: 991–1003.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.032" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.032" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.rser.2015.04.032" aria-label="Article reference 36" data-doi="10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.032">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 36" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=An%20overview%20of%20biofuels%20policies%20and%20industrialization%20in%20the%20major%20biofuel%20producing%20countries&journal=Renewable%20and%20Sustainable%20Energy%20Reviews&doi=10.1016%2Fj.rser.2015.04.032&volume=50&pages=991-1003&publication_year=2015&author=Su%2CY%20J&author=Zhang%2CP%20D&author=Su%2CY%20Q"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR37">Sun Q H, Miao C Y, Duan Q Y. 2016. Extreme climate events and agricultural climate indices in China: CMIP5 model evaluation and projections. International Journal of Climatology, 36(1): 43–61.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/joc.4328" data-track-item_id="10.1002/joc.4328" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjoc.4328" aria-label="Article reference 37" data-doi="10.1002/joc.4328">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 37" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Extreme%20climate%20events%20and%20agricultural%20climate%20indices%20in%20China%3A%20CMIP5%20model%20evaluation%20and%20projections&journal=International%20Journal%20of%20Climatology&doi=10.1002%2Fjoc.4328&volume=36&issue=1&pages=43-61&publication_year=2016&author=Sun%2CQ%20H&author=Miao%2CC%20Y&author=Duan%2CQ%20Y"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR38">Thornthwaite C W. 1948. An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geographical Review, 38(1): 55–94.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.2307/210739" data-track-item_id="10.2307/210739" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F210739" aria-label="Article reference 38" data-doi="10.2307/210739">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 38" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=An%20approach%20toward%20a%20rational%20classification%20of%20climate&journal=Geographical%20Review&doi=10.2307%2F210739&volume=38&issue=1&pages=55-94&publication_year=1948&author=Thornthwaite%2CC%20W"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR39">Tripathi I M, Mahto S S, Kushwaha A P, et al. 2024. Dominance of soil moisture over aridity in explaining vegetation greenness across global drylands. Science of the Total Environment, 917: 170482, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170482" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170482">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170482</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170482" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170482" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.170482" aria-label="Article reference 39" data-doi="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170482">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXislygs7c%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 39">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 39" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Dominance%20of%20soil%20moisture%20over%20aridity%20in%20explaining%20vegetation%20greenness%20across%20global%20drylands&journal=Science%20of%20the%20Total%20Environment&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.170482&volume=917&publication_year=2024&author=Tripathi%2CI%20M&author=Mahto%2CS%20S&author=Kushwaha%2CA%20P"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR40">Villarini G, Vecchi G A. 2012. Twenty-first-century projections of North Atlantic tropical storms from CMIP5 models. Nature Climate Change, 2(8): 604–607.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1038/nclimate1530" data-track-item_id="10.1038/nclimate1530" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnclimate1530" aria-label="Article reference 40" data-doi="10.1038/nclimate1530">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtV2isLvE" aria-label="CAS reference 40">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 40" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Twenty-first-century%20projections%20of%20North%20Atlantic%20tropical%20storms%20from%20CMIP5%20models&journal=Nature%20Climate%20Change&doi=10.1038%2Fnclimate1530&volume=2&issue=8&pages=604-607&publication_year=2012&author=Villarini%2CG&author=Vecchi%2CG%20A"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR41">Wang Q Z, Sun Y F, Guan Q Y, et al. 2024a. Exploring future trends of precipitation and runoff in arid regions under different scenarios based on a bias-corrected CMIP6 model. Journal of Hydrology, 630: 130666, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130666" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130666">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130666</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130666" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130666" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2024.130666" aria-label="Article reference 41" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130666">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 41" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Exploring%20future%20trends%20of%20precipitation%20and%20runoff%20in%20arid%20regions%20under%20different%20scenarios%20based%20on%20a%20bias-corrected%20CMIP6%20model&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2024.130666&volume=630&publication_year=2024&author=Wang%2CQ%20Z&author=Sun%2CY%20F&author=Guan%2CQ%20Y"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR42">Wang S P, Zhang Q, Liu Y Z, et al. 2024b. Effects of global warming on drought onset in China. Journal of Hydrology, 632: 130964, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130964" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130964">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130964</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130964" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130964" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2024.130964" aria-label="Article reference 42" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130964">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 42" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effects%20of%20global%20warming%20on%20drought%20onset%20in%20China&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2024.130964&volume=632&publication_year=2024&author=Wang%2CS%20P&author=Zhang%2CQ&author=Liu%2CY%20Z"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR43">Yu K, Hui P H, Zhou W D, et al. 2021. Evaluation of extreme temperature in multi-RCM simulations over CORDEX-East Asia phase II domain. Atmospheric Research, 255: 105535, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105535" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105535">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105535</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105535" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105535" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.atmosres.2021.105535" aria-label="Article reference 43" data-doi="10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105535">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 43" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Evaluation%20of%20extreme%20temperature%20in%20multi-RCM%20simulations%20over%20CORDEX-East%20Asia%20phase%20II%20domain&journal=Atmospheric%20Research&doi=10.1016%2Fj.atmosres.2021.105535&volume=255&publication_year=2021&author=Yu%2CK&author=Hui%2CP%20H&author=Zhou%2CW%20D"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR44">Zhang A L, Gao R Z, Liu T X, et al. 2019a. Identification on hydrometeorology mutation characteristics and ecological evolution pattern of the plateau inland river basin-taken Xilin River and Balager River of Inner Mongolia for instance. China Environmental Science, 39(12): 5254–5263. (in Chinese)</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 44" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Identification%20on%20hydrometeorology%20mutation%20characteristics%20and%20ecological%20evolution%20pattern%20of%20the%20plateau%20inland%20river%20basin-taken%20Xilin%20River%20and%20Balager%20River%20of%20Inner%20Mongolia%20for%20instance&journal=China%20Environmental%20Science&volume=39&issue=12&pages=5254-5263&publication_year=2019&author=Zhang%2CA%20L&author=Gao%2CR%20Z&author=Liu%2CT%20X"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR45">Zhang L, Zhu Z Y, Xi X K, et al. 2020a. Analysis of drought evolution in the Xilin River basin based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. Arid Zone Research, 37(4): 819–829. (in Chinese)</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 45" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Analysis%20of%20drought%20evolution%20in%20the%20Xilin%20River%20basin%20based%20on%20standardized%20precipitation%20evapotranspiration%20index&journal=Arid%20Zone%20Research&volume=37&issue=4&pages=819-829&publication_year=2020&author=Zhang%2CL&author=Zhu%2CZ%20Y&author=Xi%2CX%20K"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR46">Zhang L, Zhu Z Y, Wang H M, et al. 2020b. Analysis of hydrological drought evolution characteristics and influencing factors in Xilin River basin. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 34(4): 178–184, 192. (in Chinese)</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhslGmtrzK" aria-label="CAS reference 46">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 46" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Analysis%20of%20hydrological%20drought%20evolution%20characteristics%20and%20influencing%20factors%20in%20Xilin%20River%20basin&journal=Journal%20of%20Soil%20and%20Water%20Conservation&volume=34&issue=4&pages=178-184&publication_year=2020&author=Zhang%2CL&author=Zhu%2CZ%20Y&author=Wang%2CH%20M"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR47">Zhang L X, Chen X L, Xin X G. 2019b. Short commentary on CMIP6 Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP). Advances in Climate Change Research, 15(5): 519–525. (in Chinese)</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 47" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Short%20commentary%20on%20CMIP6%20Scenario%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project%20%28ScenarioMIP%29&journal=Advances%20in%20Climate%20Change%20Research&volume=15&issue=5&pages=519-525&publication_year=2019&author=Zhang%2CL%20X&author=Chen%2CX%20L&author=Xin%2CX%20G"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR48">Zhao C, Brissette F, Chen J. 2023. Projection of future extreme meteorological droughts using two large multi-member climate model ensembles. Journal of Hydrology, 618: 129155, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129155" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129155">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129155</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129155" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129155" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.129155" aria-label="Article reference 48" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129155">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 48" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Projection%20of%20future%20extreme%20meteorological%20droughts%20using%20two%20large%20multi-member%20climate%20model%20ensembles&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.129155&volume=618&publication_year=2023&author=Zhao%2CC&author=Brissette%2CF&author=Chen%2CJ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR49">Zhao C, Huang Y S, Cheng Y B, et al. 2024. Association between heatwaves and risk and economic burden of injury related hospitalizations in China. Environmental Research, 259: 119509, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.119509" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.envres.2024.119509">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.119509</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.envres.2024.119509" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.envres.2024.119509" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envres.2024.119509" aria-label="Article reference 49" data-doi="10.1016/j.envres.2024.119509">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXhsVGku7fJ" aria-label="CAS reference 49">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 49" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Association%20between%20heatwaves%20and%20risk%20and%20economic%20burden%20of%20injury%20related%20hospitalizations%20in%20China&journal=Environmental%20Research&doi=10.1016%2Fj.envres.2024.119509&volume=259&publication_year=2024&author=Zhao%2CC&author=Huang%2CY%20S&author=Cheng%2CY%20B"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR50">Zhao J C, Zhang J J, Hu Y W, et al. 2022. Effects of land uses and rainfall regimes on surface runoff and sediment yield in a nested watershed of the Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 44: 101277, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101277" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101277">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101277</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 50" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effects%20of%20land%20uses%20and%20rainfall%20regimes%20on%20surface%20runoff%20and%20sediment%20yield%20in%20a%20nested%20watershed%20of%20the%20Loess%20Plateau%2C%20China&journal=Journal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies&volume=44&publication_year=2022&author=Zhao%2CJ%20C&author=Zhang%2CJ%20J&author=Hu%2CY%20W"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR51">Zhou Y J, Liu T X, Duan L M, et al. 2020. Driving force analysis and landscape pattern evolution in the upstream valley of Xilin River Basin. Arid Zone Research, 37(3): 580–590. (in Chinese)</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 51" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Driving%20force%20analysis%20and%20landscape%20pattern%20evolution%20in%20the%20upstream%20valley%20of%20Xilin%20River%20Basin&journal=Arid%20Zone%20Research&volume=37&issue=3&pages=580-590&publication_year=2020&author=Zhou%2CY%20J&author=Liu%2CT%20X&author=Duan%2CL%20M"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR52">Zhou Y J, Batelaan O, Guan H D, et al. 2024. Assessing long-term trends in vegetation cover change in the Xilin River Basin: Potential for monitoring grassland degradation and restoration. Journal of Environmental Management, 349: 119579, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119579" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119579">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119579</a>.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119579" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119579" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2023.119579" aria-label="Article reference 52" data-doi="10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119579">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 52" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Assessing%20long-term%20trends%20in%20vegetation%20cover%20change%20in%20the%20Xilin%20River%20Basin%3A%20Potential%20for%20monitoring%20grassland%20degradation%20and%20restoration&journal=Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2023.119579&volume=349&publication_year=2024&author=Zhou%2CY%20J&author=Batelaan%2CO&author=Guan%2CH%20D"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item"><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR53">Zhu H H, Jiang Z H, Li L. 2021. Projection of climate extremes in China, an incremental exercise from CMIP5 to CMIP6. Science Bulletin, 66(24): 2528–2537.</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.026" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.026" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scib.2021.07.026" aria-label="Article reference 53" data-doi="10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.026">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 53" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Projection%20of%20climate%20extremes%20in%20China%2C%20an%20incremental%20exercise%20from%20CMIP5%20to%20CMIP6&journal=Science%20Bulletin&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scib.2021.07.026&volume=66&issue=24&pages=2528-2537&publication_year=2021&author=Zhu%2CH%20H&author=Jiang%2CZ%20H&author=Li%2CL"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li></ul><p class="c-article-references__download u-hide-print"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="download citation references" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5?format=refman&flavour=references">Download references<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p></div></div></div></section></div><section data-title="Acknowledgements"><div class="c-article-section" id="Ack1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Ack1">Acknowledgements</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Ack1-content"><p>This work was funded by the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China (2022ZY0153) and the “One Region Two Bases” Supercomputing Capacity Building Project of Inner Mongolia University, China (21300–231510).</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Zhicheng Qu, Shunyu Yao & Dongwei Liu</p></li></ol><div class="u-js-hide u-hide-print" data-test="author-info"><span class="c-article__sub-heading">Authors</span><ol class="c-article-authors-search u-list-reset"><li id="auth-Zhicheng-Qu-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Zhicheng Qu</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Zhicheng%20Qu" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Zhicheng%20Qu" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Zhicheng%20Qu%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Shunyu-Yao-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Shunyu Yao</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Shunyu%20Yao" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Shunyu%20Yao" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Shunyu%20Yao%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Dongwei-Liu-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Dongwei Liu</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Dongwei%20Liu" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Dongwei%20Liu" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Dongwei%20Liu%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li></ol></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="contributions">Contributions</h3><p>Writing - original draft preparation, formal analysis, visualization, software, methodology, and conceptualization: QU Zhicheng; Investigation, software, and validation: YAO Shunyu; Writing - review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition, and resources: LIU Dongwei. All authors approved the manuscript.</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="corresponding-author">Corresponding author</h3><p id="corresponding-author-list">Correspondence to <a id="corresp-c1" href="mailto:liudw@imu.edu.cn">Dongwei Liu</a>.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Ethics declarations"><div class="c-article-section" id="ethics-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="ethics">Ethics declarations</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="ethics-content"> <p>The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that may have influenced the work reported in this paper.</p> </div></div></section><section data-title="Rights and permissions"><div class="c-article-section" id="rightslink-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="rightslink">Rights and permissions</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="rightslink-content"> <p><b>Open Access</b> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>.</p> <p class="c-article-rights"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="view rights and permissions" data-track-label="link" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?title=Response%20of%20drought%20to%20climate%20extremes%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20inland%20river%20basin%20in%20China&author=Zhicheng%20Qu%20et%20al&contentID=10.1007%2Fs40333-024-0064-5&copyright=The%20Author%28s%29&publication=1674-6767&publicationDate=2024-11-16&publisherName=SpringerNature&orderBeanReset=true&oa=CC%20BY">Reprints and permissions</a></p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="article-info" data-title="About this article"><div class="c-article-section" id="article-info-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="article-info">About this article</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="article-info-content"><div class="c-bibliographic-information"><div class="u-hide-print c-bibliographic-information__column c-bibliographic-information__column--border"><a data-crossmark="10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5" data-track="click" data-track-action="Click Crossmark" data-track-label="link" data-test="crossmark"><img loading="lazy" width="57" height="81" alt="Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,<svg height="81" width="57" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="m17.35 35.45 21.3-14.2v-17.03h-21.3" fill="#989898"/><path d="m38.65 35.45-21.3-14.2v-17.03h21.3" fill="#747474"/><path d="m28 .5c-12.98 0-23.5 10.52-23.5 23.5s10.52 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5-10.52 23.5-23.5c0-6.23-2.48-12.21-6.88-16.62-4.41-4.4-10.39-6.88-16.62-6.88zm0 41.25c-9.8 0-17.75-7.95-17.75-17.75s7.95-17.75 17.75-17.75 17.75 7.95 17.75 17.75c0 4.71-1.87 9.22-5.2 12.55s-7.84 5.2-12.55 5.2z" fill="#535353"/><path d="m41 36c-5.81 6.23-15.23 7.45-22.43 2.9-7.21-4.55-10.16-13.57-7.03-21.5l-4.92-3.11c-4.95 10.7-1.19 23.42 8.78 29.71 9.97 6.3 23.07 4.22 30.6-4.86z" fill="#9c9c9c"/><path d="m.2 58.45c0-.75.11-1.42.33-2.01s.52-1.09.91-1.5c.38-.41.83-.73 1.34-.94.51-.22 1.06-.32 1.65-.32.56 0 1.06.11 1.51.35.44.23.81.5 1.1.81l-.91 1.01c-.24-.24-.49-.42-.75-.56-.27-.13-.58-.2-.93-.2-.39 0-.73.08-1.05.23-.31.16-.58.37-.81.66-.23.28-.41.63-.53 1.04-.13.41-.19.88-.19 1.39 0 1.04.23 1.86.68 2.46.45.59 1.06.88 1.84.88.41 0 .77-.07 1.07-.23s.59-.39.85-.68l.91 1c-.38.43-.8.76-1.28.99-.47.22-1 .34-1.58.34-.59 0-1.13-.1-1.64-.31-.5-.2-.94-.51-1.31-.91-.38-.4-.67-.9-.88-1.48-.22-.59-.33-1.26-.33-2.02zm8.4-5.33h1.61v2.54l-.05 1.33c.29-.27.61-.51.96-.72s.76-.31 1.24-.31c.73 0 1.27.23 1.61.71.33.47.5 1.14.5 2.02v4.31h-1.61v-4.1c0-.57-.08-.97-.25-1.21-.17-.23-.45-.35-.83-.35-.3 0-.56.08-.79.22-.23.15-.49.36-.78.64v4.8h-1.61zm7.37 6.45c0-.56.09-1.06.26-1.51.18-.45.42-.83.71-1.14.29-.3.63-.54 1.01-.71.39-.17.78-.25 1.18-.25.47 0 .88.08 1.23.24.36.16.65.38.89.67s.42.63.54 1.03c.12.41.18.84.18 1.32 0 .32-.02.57-.07.76h-4.36c.07.62.29 1.1.65 1.44.36.33.82.5 1.38.5.29 0 .57-.04.83-.13s.51-.21.76-.37l.55 1.01c-.33.21-.69.39-1.09.53-.41.14-.83.21-1.26.21-.48 0-.92-.08-1.34-.25-.41-.16-.76-.4-1.07-.7-.31-.31-.55-.69-.72-1.13-.18-.44-.26-.95-.26-1.52zm4.6-.62c0-.55-.11-.98-.34-1.28-.23-.31-.58-.47-1.06-.47-.41 0-.77.15-1.07.45-.31.29-.5.73-.58 1.3zm2.5.62c0-.57.09-1.08.28-1.53.18-.44.43-.82.75-1.13s.69-.54 1.1-.71c.42-.16.85-.24 1.31-.24.45 0 .84.08 1.17.23s.61.34.85.57l-.77 1.02c-.19-.16-.38-.28-.56-.37-.19-.09-.39-.14-.61-.14-.56 0-1.01.21-1.35.63-.35.41-.52.97-.52 1.67 0 .69.17 1.24.51 1.66.34.41.78.62 1.32.62.28 0 .54-.06.78-.17.24-.12.45-.26.64-.42l.67 1.03c-.33.29-.69.51-1.08.65-.39.15-.78.23-1.18.23-.46 0-.9-.08-1.31-.24-.4-.16-.75-.39-1.05-.7s-.53-.69-.7-1.13c-.17-.45-.25-.96-.25-1.53zm6.91-6.45h1.58v6.17h.05l2.54-3.16h1.77l-2.35 2.8 2.59 4.07h-1.75l-1.77-2.98-1.08 1.23v1.75h-1.58zm13.69 1.27c-.25-.11-.5-.17-.75-.17-.58 0-.87.39-.87 1.16v.75h1.34v1.27h-1.34v5.6h-1.61v-5.6h-.92v-1.2l.92-.07v-.72c0-.35.04-.68.13-.98.08-.31.21-.57.4-.79s.42-.39.71-.51c.28-.12.63-.18 1.04-.18.24 0 .48.02.69.07.22.05.41.1.57.17zm.48 5.18c0-.57.09-1.08.27-1.53.17-.44.41-.82.72-1.13.3-.31.65-.54 1.04-.71.39-.16.8-.24 1.23-.24s.84.08 1.24.24c.4.17.74.4 1.04.71s.54.69.72 1.13c.19.45.28.96.28 1.53s-.09 1.08-.28 1.53c-.18.44-.42.82-.72 1.13s-.64.54-1.04.7-.81.24-1.24.24-.84-.08-1.23-.24-.74-.39-1.04-.7c-.31-.31-.55-.69-.72-1.13-.18-.45-.27-.96-.27-1.53zm1.65 0c0 .69.14 1.24.43 1.66.28.41.68.62 1.18.62.51 0 .9-.21 1.19-.62.29-.42.44-.97.44-1.66 0-.7-.15-1.26-.44-1.67-.29-.42-.68-.63-1.19-.63-.5 0-.9.21-1.18.63-.29.41-.43.97-.43 1.67zm6.48-3.44h1.33l.12 1.21h.05c.24-.44.54-.79.88-1.02.35-.24.7-.36 1.07-.36.32 0 .59.05.78.14l-.28 1.4-.33-.09c-.11-.01-.23-.02-.38-.02-.27 0-.56.1-.86.31s-.55.58-.77 1.1v4.2h-1.61zm-47.87 15h1.61v4.1c0 .57.08.97.25 1.2.17.24.44.35.81.35.3 0 .57-.07.8-.22.22-.15.47-.39.73-.73v-4.7h1.61v6.87h-1.32l-.12-1.01h-.04c-.3.36-.63.64-.98.86-.35.21-.76.32-1.24.32-.73 0-1.27-.24-1.61-.71-.33-.47-.5-1.14-.5-2.02zm9.46 7.43v2.16h-1.61v-9.59h1.33l.12.72h.05c.29-.24.61-.45.97-.63.35-.17.72-.26 1.1-.26.43 0 .81.08 1.15.24.33.17.61.4.84.71.24.31.41.68.53 1.11.13.42.19.91.19 1.44 0 .59-.09 1.11-.25 1.57-.16.47-.38.85-.65 1.16-.27.32-.58.56-.94.73-.35.16-.72.25-1.1.25-.3 0-.6-.07-.9-.2s-.59-.31-.87-.56zm0-2.3c.26.22.5.37.73.45.24.09.46.13.66.13.46 0 .84-.2 1.15-.6.31-.39.46-.98.46-1.77 0-.69-.12-1.22-.35-1.61-.23-.38-.61-.57-1.13-.57-.49 0-.99.26-1.52.77zm5.87-1.69c0-.56.08-1.06.25-1.51.16-.45.37-.83.65-1.14.27-.3.58-.54.93-.71s.71-.25 1.08-.25c.39 0 .73.07 1 .2.27.14.54.32.81.55l-.06-1.1v-2.49h1.61v9.88h-1.33l-.11-.74h-.06c-.25.25-.54.46-.88.64-.33.18-.69.27-1.06.27-.87 0-1.56-.32-2.07-.95s-.76-1.51-.76-2.65zm1.67-.01c0 .74.13 1.31.4 1.7.26.38.65.58 1.15.58.51 0 .99-.26 1.44-.77v-3.21c-.24-.21-.48-.36-.7-.45-.23-.08-.46-.12-.7-.12-.45 0-.82.19-1.13.59-.31.39-.46.95-.46 1.68zm6.35 1.59c0-.73.32-1.3.97-1.71.64-.4 1.67-.68 3.08-.84 0-.17-.02-.34-.07-.51-.05-.16-.12-.3-.22-.43s-.22-.22-.38-.3c-.15-.06-.34-.1-.58-.1-.34 0-.68.07-1 .2s-.63.29-.93.47l-.59-1.08c.39-.24.81-.45 1.28-.63.47-.17.99-.26 1.54-.26.86 0 1.51.25 1.93.76s.63 1.25.63 2.21v4.07h-1.32l-.12-.76h-.05c-.3.27-.63.48-.98.66s-.73.27-1.14.27c-.61 0-1.1-.19-1.48-.56-.38-.36-.57-.85-.57-1.46zm1.57-.12c0 .3.09.53.27.67.19.14.42.21.71.21.28 0 .54-.07.77-.2s.48-.31.73-.56v-1.54c-.47.06-.86.13-1.18.23-.31.09-.57.19-.76.31s-.33.25-.41.4c-.09.15-.13.31-.13.48zm6.29-3.63h-.98v-1.2l1.06-.07.2-1.88h1.34v1.88h1.75v1.27h-1.75v3.28c0 .8.32 1.2.97 1.2.12 0 .24-.01.37-.04.12-.03.24-.07.34-.11l.28 1.19c-.19.06-.4.12-.64.17-.23.05-.49.08-.76.08-.4 0-.74-.06-1.02-.18-.27-.13-.49-.3-.67-.52-.17-.21-.3-.48-.37-.78-.08-.3-.12-.64-.12-1.01zm4.36 2.17c0-.56.09-1.06.27-1.51s.41-.83.71-1.14c.29-.3.63-.54 1.01-.71.39-.17.78-.25 1.18-.25.47 0 .88.08 1.23.24.36.16.65.38.89.67s.42.63.54 1.03c.12.41.18.84.18 1.32 0 .32-.02.57-.07.76h-4.37c.08.62.29 1.1.65 1.44.36.33.82.5 1.38.5.3 0 .58-.04.84-.13.25-.09.51-.21.76-.37l.54 1.01c-.32.21-.69.39-1.09.53s-.82.21-1.26.21c-.47 0-.92-.08-1.33-.25-.41-.16-.77-.4-1.08-.7-.3-.31-.54-.69-.72-1.13-.17-.44-.26-.95-.26-1.52zm4.61-.62c0-.55-.11-.98-.34-1.28-.23-.31-.58-.47-1.06-.47-.41 0-.77.15-1.08.45-.31.29-.5.73-.57 1.3zm3.01 2.23c.31.24.61.43.92.57.3.13.63.2.98.2.38 0 .65-.08.83-.23s.27-.35.27-.6c0-.14-.05-.26-.13-.37-.08-.1-.2-.2-.34-.28-.14-.09-.29-.16-.47-.23l-.53-.22c-.23-.09-.46-.18-.69-.3-.23-.11-.44-.24-.62-.4s-.33-.35-.45-.55c-.12-.21-.18-.46-.18-.75 0-.61.23-1.1.68-1.49.44-.38 1.06-.57 1.83-.57.48 0 .91.08 1.29.25s.71.36.99.57l-.74.98c-.24-.17-.49-.32-.73-.42-.25-.11-.51-.16-.78-.16-.35 0-.6.07-.76.21-.17.15-.25.33-.25.54 0 .14.04.26.12.36s.18.18.31.26c.14.07.29.14.46.21l.54.19c.23.09.47.18.7.29s.44.24.64.4c.19.16.34.35.46.58.11.23.17.5.17.82 0 .3-.06.58-.17.83-.12.26-.29.48-.51.68-.23.19-.51.34-.84.45-.34.11-.72.17-1.15.17-.48 0-.95-.09-1.41-.27-.46-.19-.86-.41-1.2-.68z" fill="#535353"/></g></svg>"></a></div><div class="c-bibliographic-information__column"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="citeas">Cite this article</h3><p class="c-bibliographic-information__citation">Qu, Z., Yao, S. & Liu, D. Response of drought to climate extremes in a semi-arid inland river basin in China. <i>J. Arid Land</i> <b>16</b>, 1505–1521 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5</p><p class="c-bibliographic-information__download-citation u-hide-print"><a data-test="citation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="download article citation" data-track-label="link" data-track-external="" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5?format=refman&flavour=citation">Download citation<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p><ul class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Received<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-05-11">11 May 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Revised<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-09-03">03 September 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Accepted<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-09-16">16 September 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Published<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-11-16">16 November 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Issue Date<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-11">November 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item c-bibliographic-information__list-item--full-width"><p><abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</abbr><span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value">https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-024-0064-5</span></p></li></ul><div data-component="share-box"><div class="c-article-share-box u-display-none" hidden=""><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Share this article</h3><p class="c-article-share-box__description">Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:</p><button class="js-get-share-url c-article-share-box__button" type="button" id="get-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-external="" data-track-action="get shareable link">Get shareable link</button><div class="js-no-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info">Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.</p></div><div class="js-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-share-url c-article-share-box__only-read-input" id="share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="select share url"></p><button class="js-copy-share-url c-article-share-box__button--link-like" type="button" id="copy-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="copy share url" data-track-external="">Copy to clipboard</button></div><p class="js-c-article-share-box__additional-info c-article-share-box__additional-info"> Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative </p></div></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Keywords</h3><ul class="c-article-subject-list"><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=climate%20extremes&facet-discipline="Geography"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">climate extremes</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=climate%20change&facet-discipline="Geography"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">climate change</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Standardized%20Precipitation%20Evapotranspiration%20Index%20%28SPEI%29&facet-discipline="Geography"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Streamflow%20Drought%20Index%20%28SDI%29&facet-discipline="Geography"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Streamflow Drought Index (SDI)</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=wavelet%20analysis&facet-discipline="Geography"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">wavelet analysis</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=multi-model%20ensemble&facet-discipline="Geography"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">multi-model ensemble</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Xilin%20River%20Basin&facet-discipline="Geography"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Xilin River Basin</a></span></li></ul><div data-component="article-info-list"></div></div></div></div></div></section> </div> </main> <div class="c-article-sidebar u-text-sm u-hide-print l-with-sidebar__sidebar" id="sidebar" data-container-type="reading-companion" data-track-component="reading companion"> <aside> <div class="app-card-service" data-test="article-checklist-banner"> <div> <a class="app-card-service__link" data-track="click_presubmission_checklist" data-track-context="article page top of reading companion" data-track-category="pre-submission-checklist" data-track-action="clicked article page checklist banner test 2 old version" data-track-label="link" href="https://beta.springernature.com/pre-submission?journalId=40333" data-test="article-checklist-banner-link"> <span class="app-card-service__link-text">Use our pre-submission checklist</span> <svg class="app-card-service__link-icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-small"></use></svg> </a> <p class="app-card-service__description">Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.</p> </div> <div class="app-card-service__icon-container"> <svg class="app-card-service__icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-clipboard-check-medium"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div data-test="collections"> </div> <div data-test="editorial-summary"> </div> <div class="c-reading-companion"> <div class="c-reading-companion__sticky" data-component="reading-companion-sticky" data-test="reading-companion-sticky"> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__sections c-reading-companion__panel--active" id="tabpanel-sections"> <div class="u-lazy-ad-wrapper u-mt-16 u-hide" data-component-mpu><div class="c-ad c-ad--300x250"> <div class="c-ad__inner"> <p class="c-ad__label">Advertisement</p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-MPU1" class="div-gpt-ad grade-c-hide" data-pa11y-ignore data-gpt data-gpt-unitpath="/270604982/springerlink/40333/article" data-gpt-sizes="300x250" data-test="MPU1-ad" data-gpt-targeting="pos=MPU1;articleid=s40333-024-0064-5;"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__figures c-reading-companion__panel--full-width" id="tabpanel-figures"></div> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__references c-reading-companion__panel--full-width" id="tabpanel-references"></div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </article> <div class="app-elements"> <div class="eds-c-header__expander eds-c-header__expander--search" id="eds-c-header-popup-search"> <h2 class="eds-c-header__heading">Search</h2> <div class="u-container"> <search class="eds-c-header__search" role="search" aria-label="Search from the header"> <form method="GET" action="//link.springer.com/search" data-test="header-search" data-track="search" data-track-context="search from header" data-track-action="submit search form" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="form" > <label for="eds-c-header-search" class="eds-c-header__search-label">Search by keyword or author</label> <div class="eds-c-header__search-container"> <input id="eds-c-header-search" class="eds-c-header__search-input" autocomplete="off" name="query" type="search" value="" required> <button class="eds-c-header__search-button" type="submit"> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-search-medium"></use> </svg> <span class="u-visually-hidden">Search</span> </button> </div> </form> </search> </div> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__expander eds-c-header__expander--menu" id="eds-c-header-nav"> <h2 class="eds-c-header__heading">Navigation</h2> <ul class="eds-c-header__list"> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/" data-track="nav_find_a_journal" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click find a journal" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Find a journal </a> </li> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_how_to_publish" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click publish with us link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Publish with us </a> </li> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springernature.com/home/" data-track="nav_track_your_research" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click track your research" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Track your research </a> </li> </ul> </div> <footer > <div class="eds-c-footer" > <div class="eds-c-footer__container"> <div class="eds-c-footer__grid eds-c-footer__group--separator"> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Discover content</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/a/1" data-track="nav_journals_a_z" data-track-action="journals a-z" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Journals A-Z</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/books/a/1" data-track="nav_books_a_z" data-track-action="books a-z" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Books A-Z</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Publish with us</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals" data-track="nav_journal_finder" data-track-action="journal finder" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Journal finder</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_publish_your_research" data-track-action="publish your research" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Publish your research</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research" data-track="nav_open_access_publishing" data-track-action="open access publishing" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Open access publishing</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Products and services</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/products" data-track="nav_our_products" data-track-action="our products" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Our products</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians" data-track="nav_librarians" data-track-action="librarians" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Librarians</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/societies" data-track="nav_societies" data-track-action="societies" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Societies</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/partners" data-track="nav_partners_and_advertisers" data-track-action="partners and advertisers" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Partners and advertisers</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Our imprints</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springer.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Springer" data-track-action="Springer" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Springer</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Nature_Portfolio" data-track-action="Nature Portfolio" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Nature Portfolio</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.biomedcentral.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_BMC" data-track-action="BMC" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">BMC</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.palgrave.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Palgrave_Macmillan" data-track-action="Palgrave Macmillan" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Palgrave Macmillan</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.apress.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Apress" data-track-action="Apress" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Apress</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__container"> <nav aria-label="footer navigation"> <ul class="eds-c-footer__links"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <button class="eds-c-footer__link" data-cc-action="preferences" data-track="dialog_manage_cookies" data-track-action="Manage cookies" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link"><span class="eds-c-footer__button-text">Your privacy choices/Manage cookies</span></button> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/legal/ccpa" data-track="nav_california_privacy_statement" data-track-action="california privacy statement" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Your US state privacy rights</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/info/accessibility" data-track="nav_accessibility_statement" data-track-action="accessibility statement" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Accessibility statement</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/termsandconditions" data-track="nav_terms_and_conditions" data-track-action="terms and conditions" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Terms and conditions</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/privacystatement" data-track="nav_privacy_policy" data-track-action="privacy policy" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://support.springernature.com/en/support/home" data-track="nav_help_and_support" data-track-action="help and support" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Help and support</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000255911-subscription-cancellations" data-track-action="cancel contracts here">Cancel contracts here</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="eds-c-footer__user"> <p class="eds-c-footer__user-info"> <span data-test="footer-user-ip">8.222.208.146</span> </p> <p class="eds-c-footer__user-info" data-test="footer-business-partners">Not affiliated</p> </div> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/" class="eds-c-footer__link"> <img src="/oscar-static/images/logo-springernature-white-19dd4ba190.svg" alt="Springer Nature" loading="lazy" width="200" height="20"/> </a> <p class="eds-c-footer__legal" data-test="copyright">© 2025 Springer Nature</p> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </body> </html>