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<div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nama_dan_etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nama_dan_etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Nama dan etimologi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nama_dan_etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komposisi_dan_struktur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komposisi_dan_struktur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Komposisi dan struktur </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Komposisi_dan_struktur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Komposisi dan struktur </button> <ul id="toc-Komposisi_dan_struktur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bentuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bentuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Bentuk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bentuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komposisi_kimiawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komposisi_kimiawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Komposisi kimiawi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komposisi_kimiawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Struktur_dalam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struktur_dalam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Struktur dalam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struktur_dalam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Panas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lempeng_tektonik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lempeng_tektonik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Lempeng tektonik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lempeng_tektonik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Permukaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permukaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Permukaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permukaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidrosfer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrosfer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Hidrosfer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrosfer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atmosfer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atmosfer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Atmosfer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atmosfer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuaca_dan_iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuaca_dan_iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.1 Cuaca dan iklim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuaca_dan_iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atmosfer_atas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atmosfer_atas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.2 Atmosfer atas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atmosfer_atas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medan_magnet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medan_magnet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Medan magnet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medan_magnet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotasi_dan_orbit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotasi_dan_orbit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Rotasi dan orbit </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rotasi_dan_orbit-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Rotasi dan orbit </button> <ul id="toc-Rotasi_dan_orbit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rotasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Rotasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Orbit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemiringan_sumbu_dan_musim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemiringan_sumbu_dan_musim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Kemiringan sumbu dan musim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemiringan_sumbu_dan_musim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelaikhunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelaikhunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Kelaikhunian </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kelaikhunian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Kelaikhunian </button> <ul id="toc-Kelaikhunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biosfer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biosfer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Biosfer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biosfer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolusi_kehidupan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolusi_kehidupan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Evolusi kehidupan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolusi_kehidupan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber_daya_alam_dan_pemanfaatan_lahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber_daya_alam_dan_pemanfaatan_lahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Sumber daya alam dan pemanfaatan lahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber_daya_alam_dan_pemanfaatan_lahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bencana_alam_dan_lingkungan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bencana_alam_dan_lingkungan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Bencana alam dan lingkungan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bencana_alam_dan_lingkungan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persebaran_manusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persebaran_manusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Persebaran manusia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persebaran_manusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudut_pandang_sejarah_dan_budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudut_pandang_sejarah_dan_budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Sudut pandang sejarah dan budaya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sudut_pandang_sejarah_dan_budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kronologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kronologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Kronologi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kronologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Kronologi </button> <ul id="toc-Kronologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pembentukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembentukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Pembentukan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembentukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah_geologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_geologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Sejarah geologi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_geologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masa_depan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masa_depan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Masa depan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masa_depan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Bulan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asteroid_dan_satelit_buatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asteroid_dan_satelit_buatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Asteroid dan satelit buatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asteroid_dan_satelit_buatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perbandingan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perbandingan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Perbandingan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perbandingan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Lihat pula </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Catatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Bacaan lanjutan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bumi</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 312 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-312" aria-hidden="true" > 312 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Адгьыл – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Адгьыл" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumoe" title="Bumoe – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bumoe" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%83" title="ЧӀыгу – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="ЧӀыгу" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarde" title="Aarde – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aarde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erde" title="Erde – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erde" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%AC%E1%89%B5" title="መሬት – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሬት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eor%C3%B0e" title="Eorðe – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Eorðe" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liny%E1%BB%8Dn%CC%84" title="Linyọn̄ – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Linyọn̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="धरती – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="धरती" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="الأرض – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأرض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90" title="ܐܪܥܐ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܪܥܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="لأرض – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لأرض" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="الارض – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الارض" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%80" title="পৃথিৱী – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৃথিৱী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aski" title="Aski – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Aski" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8C_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Ракь (планета) – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ракь (планета)" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawava" title="Tawava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tawava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aka_pacha" title="Aka pacha – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Aka pacha" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer" title="Yer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="یئر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80" title="Ер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumi" title="Gumi – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gumi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadn" title="Eadn – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Eadn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97" title="Žemė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žemė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinaban" title="Kinaban – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kinaban" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Зямля – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зямля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Зямля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зямля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Земя – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Земя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F" title="ကမ္ဘာႏဟံႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကမ္ဘာႏဟံႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugukolo" title="Dugukolo – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dugukolo" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80" title="পৃথিবী – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পৃথিবী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="སའི་གོ་ལ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སའི་གོ་ལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douar_(planedenn)" title="Douar (planedenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Douar (planedenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja_(planeta)" title="Zemlja (planeta) – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zemlja (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%9A" title="ᨒᨗᨊᨚ – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨒᨗᨊᨚ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Дэлхэй – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дэлхэй" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-gi%C3%B9" title="Dê-giù – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-giù" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Дуьне – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дуьне" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalibotan_(planeta)" title="Kalibotan (planeta) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kalibotan (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A1%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%AF" title="ᎡᎶᎯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎡᎶᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زەوی – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زەوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_(pianeta)" title="Terra (pianeta) – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Terra (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya" title="Dünya – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Dünya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zem%C4%9B" title="Země – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Země" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemia" title="Zemia – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Zemia" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%80%D1%94%D0%BC%D0%BB%D2%84%D1%A3" title="Ꙁємл҄ѣ – Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙁємл҄ѣ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80" title="Çĕр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Ddaear" title="Y Ddaear – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Ddaear" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jorden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C5%8Bgbani" title="Tiŋgbani – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tiŋgbani" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erde" title="Erde – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andon%C9%9B%C9%9B" title="Andonɛɛ – Southern Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Andonɛɛ" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Southern Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagaare</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piny_nhom" title="Piny nhom – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piny nhom" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%B1nya" title="Dınya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dınya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemja" title="Zemja – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Zemja" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomogunan" title="Pomogunan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pomogunan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ބިން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84" title="འཛམ་གླིང – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="འཛམ་གླིང" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B7" title="Γη – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8ra" title="Tèra – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Tèra" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" title="Earth – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Earth" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tero" title="Tero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa" title="Maa – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurra" title="Lurra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="زمین – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydi_(tagofeere)" title="Leydi (tagofeere) – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Leydi (tagofeere)" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa" title="Maa – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa_(hod%27ot%C3%A4ht)" title="Maa (hod'otäht) – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Maa (hod'otäht)" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuravura_(veivuravura)" title="Vuravura (veivuravura) – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vuravura (veivuravura)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8r%C3%B0in" title="Jørðin – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jørðin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C9%9Bk%C9%9B%CC%81" title="Wɛkɛ́ – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Wɛkɛ́" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre" title="Terre – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Terre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tèrra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jard" title="Jard – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jard" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiere" title="Tiere – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tiere" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierde" title="Ierde – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ierde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domhan" title="Domhan – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Domhan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="地球" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A8" title="Latè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Latè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Talamh_(planaid)" title="An Talamh (planaid) – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Talamh (planaid)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A" title="زيمي – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="زيمي" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvy_(yv%C3%B3ra)" title="Yvy (yvóra) – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvy (yvóra)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="धर्तरी – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="धर्तरी" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" title="Earth – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Earth" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%83%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%80" title="પૃથ્વી – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પૃથ્વી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mma" title="Mma – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Mma" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wayuunaiki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aigba" title="Aigba – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Aigba" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Dowan" title="Yn Dowan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Dowan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duniya" title="Duniya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Duniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-khi%C3%B9" title="Thi-khiù – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-khiù" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honua" title="Honua – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Honua" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="כדור הארץ – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כדור הארץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dunia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemja" title="Zemja – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Zemja" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A8" title="Latè – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Latè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6ld" title="Föld – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Föld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Երկիր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Երկիր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Երկիր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80l%C3%A0" title="Àlà – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Àlà" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunaqpak" title="Nunaqpak – Inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nunaqpak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daga_(planeta)" title="Daga (planeta) – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Daga (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Лаьтта (дуне) – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Лаьтта (дуне)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tero" title="Tero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6r%C3%B0in" title="Jörðin – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jörðin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%84%E1%93%87" title="ᓄᓇ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓄᓇ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地球" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oert" title="Oert – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Oert" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/terdi" title="terdi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="terdi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90" title="დედამიწა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დედამიწა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer" title="Jer – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Jer" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagnit_(Amtiweg)" title="Tagnit (Amtiweg) – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagnit (Amtiweg)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D3%80%D1%8B" title="ЩӀы – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ЩӀы" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%9Bt%CA%8B" title="Tɛtʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɛtʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanta" title="Swanta – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Swanta" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntoto" title="Ntoto – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ntoto" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C4%A9" title="Thĩ – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Thĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunarsuaq" title="Nunarsuaq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Nunarsuaq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ផែនដី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ផែនដី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF" title="ಭೂಮಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂಮಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunya" title="Dunya – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Dunya" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мушар – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мушар" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джер – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джер" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8F%D8%AA%DB%81%D9%95_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="بُتہٕ راتھ – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بُتہٕ راتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84%C3%A4d_(Planeet)" title="Ääd (Planeet) – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Ääd (Planeet)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinya_(gerst%C3%AArk)" title="Dinya (gerstêrk) – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dinya (gerstêrk)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83" title="Му – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Му" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dor" title="Dor – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dor" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жер – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellus_(planeta)" title="Tellus (planeta) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tellus (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84erd" title="Äerd – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Äerd" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB" title="Дуниял – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Дуниял" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Чил (планета) – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чил (планета)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera" title="Tera – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tera" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensi" title="Ensi – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ensi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerd" title="Eerd – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Eerd" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A6ra" title="Tæra – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tæra" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera" title="Tera – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tera" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera" title="Tera – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tera" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel%C3%A9" title="Mabelé – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mabelé" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97" title="Žemė – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeme" title="Zeme – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Zeme" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeme" title="Zeme – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zeme" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhum%C3%A8" title="Bhumè – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhumè" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="Мода (шары тяште) – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мода (шары тяште)" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tany" title="Tany – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Мланде (планет) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мланде (планет)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papat%C5%AB%C4%81nuku" title="Papatūānuku – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Papatūānuku" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Земја (планета) – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Земја (планета)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="ഭൂമി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൂമി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дэлхий – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхий" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%81%A0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD" title="ဂၠးတိ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဂၠးတိ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%B1%D0%BB%D3%93%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%B9_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Мӱлӓндӹ (планета) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мӱлӓндӹ (планета)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id-Dinja" title="Id-Dinja – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Id-Dinja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA" title="ကမ္ဘာဂြိုဟ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘာဂြိုဟ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Мода (пертпельксэнь вал) – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мода (пертпельксэнь вал)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87" title="بنه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بنه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlalticpactli" title="Tlalticpactli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlalticpactli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eer" title="Eer – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerde" title="Eerde – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Eerde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="प्रिथिबी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्रिथिबी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarde_(planeet)" title="Aarde (planeet) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aarde (planeet)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorda" title="Jorda – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jorda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jorden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tere" title="Tere – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Tere" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%98%DF%8E%DF%B1" title="ߘߎ߱ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߘߎ߱" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphasi_(iplanethi)" title="Iphasi (iplanethi) – Ndebele Selatan" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Iphasi (iplanethi)" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="Ndebele Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiNdebele seSewula</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rre" title="Tèrre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Tèrre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefase" title="Lefase – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Lefase" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahasdz%C3%A1%C3%A1n" title="Nahasdzáán – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Nahasdzáán" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziko_Lapansi" title="Dziko Lapansi – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Dziko Lapansi" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mua" title="Mua – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mua" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafa" title="Lafa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lafa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%80" title="ପୃଥିବୀ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୃଥିବୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%85" title="Зæхх – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зæхх" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਧਰਤੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧਰਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatu" title="Yatu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Yatu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera_(planeta)" title="Tera (planeta) – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tera (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A8re" title="Tière – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tière" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" title="Earth – Pidgin Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Earth" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pidgin Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd" title="Erd – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Erd" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erde" title="Erde – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Erde" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemia" title="Ziemia – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ziemia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8ra_(pianeta)" title="Tèra (pianeta) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tèra (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="زمین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زمین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B7" title="Γη – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γη" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="ځمکه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ځمکه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiqsimuyu" title="Tiqsimuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tiqsimuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phuv" title="Phuv – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Phuv" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi" title="Isi – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Isi" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Pământ – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pământ" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locu" title="Locu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Locu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre" title="Terre – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Terre" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Земля – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Земля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Земля (планета) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Земля (планета)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi" title="Isi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Isi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сир – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сир" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_(pianeta)" title="Terra (pianeta) – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Terra (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yird" title="Yird – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yird" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8C%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="ڌرتي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڌرتي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eana" title="Eana – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eana" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAse_(p%C3%A4l%C3%A4n%C3%AAte)" title="Sêse (pälänête) – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Sêse (pälänête)" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akal_(Amtiwg)" title="Akal (Amtiwg) – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Akal (Amtiwg)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="ၵမ်ႇၽႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵမ်ႇၽႃႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%80" title="මහ පොළොව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහ පොළොව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" title="Earth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Earth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zem" title="Zem – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zem" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="زمین – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="زمین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalolagi" title="Lalolagi – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Lalolagi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eenn%C3%A2mp%C3%A1llu" title="Eennâmpállu – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eennâmpállu" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinopasi" title="Rinopasi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rinopasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhul" title="Dhul – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhul" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toka" title="Toka – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Toka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Земља – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Земља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grontapu" title="Grontapu – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Grontapu" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Amhl%C3%A2ba_(i-astronomy)" title="Úmhlâba (i-astronomy) – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Úmhlâba (i-astronomy)" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefatshe" title="Lefatshe – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Lefatshe" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84ide" title="Äide – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Äide" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcapada" title="Marcapada – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Marcapada" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jorden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dunia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B9ymja" title="Źymja – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Źymja" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="புவி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/hiyal" title="hiyal – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="hiyal" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF" title="ಭೂಮಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೂಮಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%9A%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥐᥛᥱ ᥚᥣᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥐᥛᥱ ᥚᥣᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF" title="భూమి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భూమి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai" title="Rai – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Rai" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Замин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Замин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C)" title="โลก (ดาวเคราะห์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลก (ดาวเคราะห์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%AC%E1%89%B5" title="መሬት – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="መሬት" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Der" title="Ýer – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýer" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daigdig" title="Daigdig – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daigdig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%99min" title="Zəmin – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Zəmin" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefatshe_(bolepadinaledi)" title="Lefatshe (bolepadinaledi) – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Lefatshe (bolepadinaledi)" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81mani_(palanite)" title="Māmani (palanite) – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Māmani (palanite)" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giraun" title="Giraun – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Giraun" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya" title="Dünya – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dünya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misava" title="Misava – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Misava" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Җир – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charu_cha_pasi" title="Charu cha pasi – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Charu cha pasi" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asase" title="Asase – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Asase" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Чер – Tuvinia" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Чер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Музъем – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Музъем" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="يەر شارى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يەر شارى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Земля – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Земля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="زمین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زمین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer" title="Yer – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%BCifhasi" title="Ḽifhasi – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Ḽifhasi" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera" title="Tera – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma" title="Ma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A1i_%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t" title="Trái Đất – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trái Đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirde_(planete)" title="Eirde (planete) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Eirde (planete)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal" title="Tal – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tal" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegne" title="Daegne – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Daegne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalibotan" title="Kalibotan – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalibotan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suuf" title="Suuf – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Suuf" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地球" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Делкә һариг – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Делкә һариг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umhlaba_(i-astronomy)" title="Umhlaba (i-astronomy) – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Umhlaba (i-astronomy)" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90" title="დიხაუჩა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიხაუჩა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%93-%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%98" title="ערד-פלאנעט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערד-פלאנעט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay%C3%A9" title="Ayé – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ayé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuznamh" title="Giuznamh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Giuznamh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerde" title="Aerde – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Aerde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D_(%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B3)" title="ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ) – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ)" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地球" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E8%BC%BF" title="坤輿 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="坤輿" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-ki%C3%BB" title="Tē-kiû – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-kiû" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地球" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMhlaba" title="UMhlaba – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UMhlaba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> 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Klik di sini untuk informasi lebih lanjut."><img alt="Ini adalah artikel pilihan. Klik di sini untuk informasi lebih lanjut." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/20px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/30px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/40px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_pelindungan#semi" title="Artikel ini dilindungi semi."><img alt="Halaman yang dilindungi semi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bumi" beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat <a href="/wiki/Bumi_(disambiguasi)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bumi (disambiguasi)">Bumi (disambiguasi)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27002510">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:27.5em"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Bumi <a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth_symbol_(small,_bold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simbol astronomi Bumi"><img alt="🜨" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/24px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/36px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/48px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Blue_Marble_(remastered).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg/250px-The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg/500px-The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Foto Bumi, diambil oleh <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#c0c0ff">Penamaan</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Penandaan_sementara_dalam_astronomi" title="Penandaan sementara dalam astronomi">Nama alternatif</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Pertiwi, Tellus atau Terra,<a href="#cite_note-Terra-1">[catatan 1]</a> Gaia</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#c0c0ff"><a href="/wiki/Orbit_oskulasi" title="Orbit oskulasi">Ciri-ciri orbit</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Epos_(astronomi)" title="Epos (astronomi)">Epos</a> <a href="/wiki/J2000,0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000,0">J2000,0</a><a href="#cite_note-epoch-2">[catatan 2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_dan_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion dan aphelion">Aphelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">152.098.232 km 1,01671388 <a href="/wiki/Satuan_Astronomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Satuan Astronomi">sa</a><a href="#cite_note-apsis-3">[catatan 3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_dan_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion dan aphelion">Perihelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">147.098.290 km 0,98329134 sa<a href="#cite_note-apsis-3">[catatan 3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sumbu_semimayor" title="Sumbu semimayor">Sumbu semimayor</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">149.598.261 km 1,00000261 sa<a href="#cite_note-standish_williams_iau-4">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Eksentrisitas_orbit" title="Eksentrisitas orbit">Eksentrisitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0,01671123<a href="#cite_note-standish_williams_iau-4">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_orbit" title="Periode orbit">Periode orbit</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">365,256363004 hari<a href="#cite_note-IERS-5">[2]</a> 1,000017421 <a href="/wiki/Tahun_Julian_(astronomi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahun Julian (astronomi)">tahun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_orbit" title="Kecepatan orbit">Kecepatan orbit</a> rata-rata</div></th><td class="infobox-data">29,78 km/s<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a> 107.200 km/jam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anomali_rata-rata" title="Anomali rata-rata">Anomali rata-rata</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">357,51716°<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Inklinasi" title="Inklinasi">Inklinasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,155° ke <a href="/wiki/Ekuator" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekuator">ekuator</a> <a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">Matahari</a> 1,57869°<a href="#cite_note-Allen294-7">[4]</a> ke <a href="/wiki/Bidang_invariabel" title="Bidang invariabel">bidang invariabel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bujur_node_menaik" title="Bujur node menaik">Bujur node menaik</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">348,73936°<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-asc_node-8">[catatan 4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Argumen_periapsis" title="Argumen periapsis">Argumen perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">114,20783°<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-arg_peri-9">[catatan 5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Satelit_alami" title="Satelit alami">satelit</a> yang diketahui</th><td class="infobox-data">1 alami (<a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a>), 1.070 buatan (hingga 24 Oktober 2013<a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bumi&action=edit">[update]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-10">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#c0c0ff">Ciri-ciri fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Jari-jari rata-rata</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6.371,0 km<a href="#cite_note-hbcp2000-11">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Jari-jari <a href="/wiki/Khatulistiwa" title="Khatulistiwa">khatulistiwa</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6.378,1 km<a href="#cite_note-usno-12">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-WGS-84-13">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Jari-jari <a href="/wiki/Kutub_geografis" title="Kutub geografis">kutub</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6.356,8 km<a href="#cite_note-cazenave_ahrens1995-14">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Kepepatan" title="Kepepatan">Kepepatan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0,0033528<a href="#cite_note-iers-15">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Keliling_lingkaran" title="Keliling lingkaran">Keliling</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40.075,017 km (<a href="/wiki/Khatulistiwa" title="Khatulistiwa">khatulistiwa</a>)<a href="#cite_note-WGS-84-13">[8]</a> 40.007,86 km (<a href="/wiki/Meridian" class="mw-disambig" title="Meridian">meridian</a>)<a href="#cite_note-WGS-84-2-16">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-circ-17">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sferoid#Luas_permukaan" title="Sferoid">Luas permukaan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">510.072.000 km2<a href="#cite_note-Pidwirny_2006_8-18">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-cia-19">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-surfacecover-20">[catatan 6]</a> 148.940.000 km2 daratan (29,2 %) 361.132.000 km2 perairan (70,8 %)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">Volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volume_Bumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volume Bumi (halaman belum tersedia)">1,08321×1012</a> km3<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">Massa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,97219×1024 kg<a href="#cite_note-21">[15]</a> 3,0×10−6 Matahari</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Massa jenis</a> rata-rata</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,515 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Gravitasi_permukaan" title="Gravitasi permukaan">Gravitasi permukaan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gravitasi_Bumi" title="Gravitasi Bumi">9,780327</a> m/s2<a href="#cite_note-yoder12-22">[16]</a> 0,99732 <a href="/wiki/Gaya-g" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya-g">g</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_lepas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan lepas">Kecepatan lepas</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,186 km/s<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_rotasi" title="Periode rotasi">Periode rotasi</a> sideris</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0,99726968 d<a href="#cite_note-Allen296-23">[17]</a> 23j 56m 4,100d</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Kecepatan rotasi khatulistiwa</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1674,4 km/jam<a href="#cite_note-Cox2000-24">[18]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kemiringan_sumbu" title="Kemiringan sumbu">Kemiringan sumbu</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">23°26'21",4119<a href="#cite_note-IERS-5">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0,367 (<a href="/wiki/Albedo_geometris" class="mw-redirect" title="Albedo geometris">Geometri</a>)<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a> 0,306 (<a href="/wiki/Albedo_Bond" title="Albedo Bond">Bond</a>)<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; background-color:#f9f9f9; margin:0; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr> <th style="width:40%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu">Suhu</a> permukaan</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">min.</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">rata-rata</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">maks.</th> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em"><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></th> <td>184 K<a href="#cite_note-asu_lowest_temp-25">[19]</a></td> <td>288 K<a href="#cite_note-kinver20091210-26">[20]</a></td> <td>330 K<a href="#cite_note-asu_highest_temp-27">[21]</a></td> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em"><a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a></th> <td>−89,2 °C</td> <td>15 °C</td> <td>56,7 °C</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#c0c0ff">Atmosfer</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_atmosfer" title="Tekanan atmosfer">Tekanan</a> permukaan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atmosfer_(satuan)" title="Atmosfer (satuan)">101,325</a> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Permukaan_laut" title="Permukaan laut">MSL</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_atmosfer" title="Kimia atmosfer">Komposisi per volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data">78,08% <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> (N2)<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a> (udara kering) 20,95% <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> (O2) 0,93% <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> 0,039% <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-28">[22]</a> Sekitar 1% <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">uap air</a> (bervariasi sesuai <a href="/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim">iklim</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> Bumi adalah <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> terdekat ketiga dari <a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">Matahari</a> yang merupakan planet <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan">terpadat</a> dan terbesar kelima dari delapan planet dalam <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a>. Bumi juga merupakan planet terbesar dari empat <a href="/wiki/Planet_kebumian" title="Planet kebumian">planet kebumian</a> di Tata Surya. Bumi terkadang disebut dengan <a href="/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia">dunia</a> atau "Planet Biru".<a href="#cite_note-29">[23]</a> Bumi terbentuk sekitar <a href="/wiki/Usia_Bumi" title="Usia Bumi">4,54 miliar tahun</a> yang lalu, dan <a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">kehidupan sudah muncul</a> di permukaannya paling tidak sekitar 3,5 miliar tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-age_earth1-30">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">Biosfer</a> Bumi kemudian secara perlahan mengubah <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer_Bumi" title="Atmosfer Bumi">atmosfer</a> dan kondisi <a href="/wiki/Komponen_abiotika" class="mw-redirect" title="Komponen abiotika">fisik dasar</a> lainnya, yang memungkinkan terjadinya perkembangbiakan <a href="/wiki/Organisme_aerob" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme aerob">organisme</a> serta pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Lapisan_ozon" title="Lapisan ozon">lapisan ozon</a>, yang bersama <a href="/wiki/Medan_magnet_Bumi" title="Medan magnet Bumi">medan magnet Bumi</a> menghalangi <a href="/wiki/Cahaya_matahari" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahaya matahari">radiasi surya</a> berbahaya dan mengizinkan <a href="/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup">makhluk hidup</a> mikroskopis untuk berkembang biak dengan aman di daratan.<a href="#cite_note-Harrison_2002-31">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geofisika" title="Geofisika">Sifat fisik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_geologi_Bumi" title="Sejarah geologi Bumi">sejarah geologi</a>, dan orbit Bumi memungkinkan kehidupan untuk bisa terus bertahan. <a href="/wiki/Litosfer" title="Litosfer">Litosfer</a> Bumi terbagi menjadi beberapa segmen kaku, atau <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_tektonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Lempeng tektonik">lempeng tektonik</a>, yang mengalami pergerakan di seluruh permukaan Bumi selama <a href="/wiki/Skala_waktu_geologi" title="Skala waktu geologi">jutaan tahun</a>. Lebih dari 70% permukaan Bumi ditutupi oleh air,<a href="#cite_note-32">[26]</a> dan sisanya terdiri dari benua dan pulau-pulau yang memiliki banyak danau dan sumber air lainnya yang bersumbangsih terhadap pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Hidrosfer" title="Hidrosfer">hidrosfer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kutub_geografi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutub geografi">Kutub</a> Bumi sebagian besarnya tertutup es; es padat di Antarktika dan <a href="/wiki/Es_laut" title="Es laut">es laut</a> di <a href="/wiki/Paket_es_kutub" class="mw-redirect" title="Paket es kutub">paket es kutub</a>. <a href="/wiki/Struktur_Bumi" title="Struktur Bumi">Interior Bumi</a> masih tetap aktif, dengan <a href="/wiki/Inti_dalam" title="Inti dalam">inti dalam</a> terdiri dari besi padat, sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Inti_luar" title="Inti luar">inti luar</a> berupa <a href="/wiki/Fluida" title="Fluida">fluida</a> yang menciptakan medan magnet, dan lapisan tebal yang relatif padat di bagian <a href="/wiki/Mantel_(geologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantel (geologi)">mantel</a>. Bumi <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi">berinteraksi secara gravitasi</a> dengan objek lainnya di luar angkasa, terutama Matahari dan <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a>. Ketika mengelilingi Matahari dalam satu orbit, Bumi berputar pada sumbunya sebanyak 366,26 kali, yang menciptakan 365,26 <a href="/wiki/Waktu_matahari" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu matahari">hari matahari</a> atau satu <a href="/wiki/Tahun_sideris" title="Tahun sideris">tahun sideris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sidereal_solar-33">[catatan 7]</a> Perputaran Bumi pada sumbunya <a href="/wiki/Kemiringan_sumbu" title="Kemiringan sumbu">miring</a> 23,4° dari <a href="/wiki/Serenjang" class="mw-redirect" title="Serenjang">serenjang</a> <a href="/wiki/Bidang_orbit_(astronomi)" title="Bidang orbit (astronomi)">bidang orbit</a>, yang menyebabkan perbedaan musim di permukaan Bumi dengan periode satu <a href="/wiki/Tahun_tropis" title="Tahun tropis">tahun tropis</a> (365,24 hari matahari).<a href="#cite_note-yoder1995-34">[27]</a> Bulan adalah satu-satunya <a href="/wiki/Satelit_alami" title="Satelit alami">satelit alami</a> Bumi, yang mulai mengorbit Bumi sekitar 4,53 miliar tahun yang lalu. Interaksi gravitasi antara Bulan dengan Bumi merangsang terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Pasang_laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasang laut">pasang laut</a>, menstabilkan kemiringan sumbu, dan secara bertahap memperlambat rotasi Bumi. Bumi adalah tempat tinggal bagi jutaan <a href="/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup">makhluk hidup</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia">manusia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-science_241_4872_1441-35">[28]</a> Sumber daya <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> Bumi dan produk-produk <a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">biosfer</a> lainnya bersumbangsih terhadap penyediaan sumber daya untuk mendukung <a href="/wiki/Populasi_dunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Populasi dunia">populasi manusia global</a>.<a href="#cite_note-World_Population_Clock-36">[29]</a> Wilayah Bumi yang dihuni manusia dikelompokkan menjadi 200 <a href="/wiki/Negara_berdaulat" title="Negara berdaulat">negara berdaulat</a>, yang saling berinteraksi satu sama lain melalui diplomasi, pelancongan, perdagangan, dan aksi militer. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nama_dan_etimologi">Nama dan etimologi</h2></div> Dalam bahasa Inggris modern, kata benda earth dikembangkan dari kata <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Pertengahan" title="Bahasa Inggris Pertengahan">bahasa Inggris Pertengahan</a> erthe (dicatat pada 1137), yang berasal dari kata <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno">bahasa Inggris Kuno</a> eorthe (sebelum 725), sedangkan kata itu sendiri berasal dari kata <a href="/wiki/Proto-Jermanik" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Jermanik">Proto-Jermanik</a> *erthō. Earth memiliki kata kerabat pada semua <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik">bahasa Jermanik</a> lainnya, termasuk aarde dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">bahasa Belanda</a>, Erde dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">bahasa Jerman</a>, dan jord dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Swedia" title="Bahasa Swedia">bahasa Swedia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Denmark" title="Bahasa Denmark">Denmark</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Norwegia" title="Bahasa Norwegia">Norwegia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BARNHART228-229-37">[30]</a> Earth adalah perumpamaan untuk dewi <a href="/wiki/Paganisme_Jermanik" title="Paganisme Jermanik">paganisme Jermanik</a> (atau <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6r%C3%B0" title="Jörð">Jörð</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitologi Norse">mitologi Norse</a>, ibu dari dewa <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a>).<a href="#cite_note-SIMEK179-38">[31]</a> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">bahasa Indonesia</a>, kata bumi berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskerta" title="Bahasa Sanskerta">bahasa Sanskerta</a> bhumi, yang berarti tanah, dan selalu ditulis dengan huruf kapital ("Bumi"), untuk merujuk pada planet Bumi, sementara "bumi" dengan huruf kecil merujuk pada permukaan dunia, atau tanah.<a href="#cite_note-39">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komposisi_dan_struktur">Komposisi dan struktur</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">Geologi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Tabel_karakteristik_fisik_Bumi" title="Tabel karakteristik fisik Bumi">Tabel karakteristik fisik Bumi</a></div> Bumi tergolong <a href="/wiki/Planet_kebumian" title="Planet kebumian">planet kebumian</a> yang umumnya terdiri dari bebatuan, bukannya <a href="/wiki/Raksasa_gas" title="Raksasa gas">raksasa gas</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>. Bumi adalah planet terbesar dari empat planet kebumian lainnya menurut ukuran dan massa. Dari keempat planet tersebut, Bumi merupakan planet dengan kepadatan tertinggi, <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi_permukaan" title="Gravitasi permukaan">gravitasi permukaan</a> tertinggi, medan magnet terkuat, dan rotasi tercepat,<a href="#cite_note-stern20011125-40">[33]</a> dan diperkirakan juga merupakan satu-satunya planet dengan <a href="/wiki/Tektonik_lempeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Tektonik lempeng">tektonik lempeng</a> yang aktif.<a href="#cite_note-science288_5473_2002-41">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bentuk">Bentuk</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Bentuk_Bumi" title="Bentuk Bumi">Bentuk Bumi</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ISS034E016601_-_Stratocumulus_Clouds_-_Pacific_Ocean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ISS034E016601_-_Stratocumulus_Clouds_-_Pacific_Ocean.jpg/330px-ISS034E016601_-_Stratocumulus_Clouds_-_Pacific_Ocean.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ISS034E016601_-_Stratocumulus_Clouds_-_Pacific_Ocean.jpg/500px-ISS034E016601_-_Stratocumulus_Clouds_-_Pacific_Ocean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ISS034E016601_-_Stratocumulus_Clouds_-_Pacific_Ocean.jpg/960px-ISS034E016601_-_Stratocumulus_Clouds_-_Pacific_Ocean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Awan stratokumulus di atas Pasifik, dilihat dari orbit.</figcaption></figure> Bentuk Bumi kira-kira menyerupai <a href="/wiki/Sferoid" title="Sferoid">sferoid pepat</a>, bola yang bentuknya tertekan pipih di sepanjang sumbu dari kutub ke kutub sehingga terdapat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonjolan_khatulistiwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonjolan khatulistiwa (halaman belum tersedia)">tonjolan</a> di sekitar <a href="/wiki/Khatulistiwa" title="Khatulistiwa">khatulistiwa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-milbert_smith96-42">[35]</a> Tonjolan ini muncul akibat <a href="/wiki/Rotasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotasi">rotasi</a> Bumi, yang menyebabkan diameter khatulistiwa 43 <a href="/wiki/Kilometer" title="Kilometer">km</a> (kilometer) lebih besar dari diameter <a href="/wiki/Kutub_geografi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutub geografi">kutub</a> ke kutub.<a href="#cite_note-ngdc2006-43">[36]</a> Karena hal ini, titik terjauh permukaan Bumi dari pusat Bumi adalah gunung api <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Chimborazo" title="Gunung Chimborazo">Chimborazo</a> di <a href="/wiki/Ekuador" title="Ekuador">Ekuador</a>, yang berjarak 6.384 kilometer dari pusat Bumi, atau sekitar 2 kilometer lebih jauh jika dibandingkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Everest" title="Gunung Everest">Gunung Everest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[37]</a> Diameter rata-rata bulatan Bumi adalah 12.742 km, atau kira-kira setara dengan 40.000 km /<a href="/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">π</a>, karena satuan <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">meter</a> pada awalnya dihitung sebagai 1/10.000.000 jarak dari khatulistiwa ke <a href="/wiki/Kutub_Utara" title="Kutub Utara">Kutub Utara</a> melewati <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nist_length2000-45">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Topografi" title="Topografi">Topografi</a> Bumi mengalami deviasi dari bentuk sferoid ideal, meskipun dalam skala global deviasi ini tergolong kecil: Bumi memiliki tingkat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleransi_(teknik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toleransi (teknik) (halaman belum tersedia)">toleransi</a> sekitar 584, atau 0,17% dari <a href="/wiki/Sferoid" title="Sferoid">sferoid</a> sempurna, lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan tingkat toleransi pada <a href="/wiki/Bola_biliar" title="Bola biliar">bola biliar</a> (0,22%).<a href="#cite_note-wpba2001-46">[39]</a> Deviasi tertinggi dan terendah pada permukaan Bumi terdapat di Gunung Everest (8.848 m di atas permukaan laut) dan <a href="/wiki/Palung_Mariana" title="Palung Mariana">Palung Mariana</a> (10.911 <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">m</a> di bawah permukaan laut). Karena adanya tonjolan khatulistiwa, lokasi di permukaan Bumi yang berada paling jauh dari pusat Bumi adalah puncak Chimborazo di Ekuador dan <a href="/wiki/Huascar%C3%A1n" title="Huascarán">Huascarán</a> di <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ps20_5_16-47">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-lancet365_9462_831-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-tall_tales-49">[42]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 2em;"> <caption>Komposisi kimia kerak Bumi<a href="#cite_note-brown_mussett1981-50">[43]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Senyawa </th> <th rowspan="2">Rumus </th> <th colspan="2">Komposisi </th></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: smaller;">Daratan </th> <th style="font-size: smaller;">Lautan </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Silikon_dioksida" title="Silikon dioksida">Silika</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">SiO2 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">60.2% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">48.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_oksida" title="Aluminium oksida">Alumina</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Al2O3 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">15.2% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">16.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalsium_oksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalsium oksida">Kapur</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">CaO </td> <td style="text-align: right;">5.5% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">12.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_oksida" title="Magnesium oksida">Magnesia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">MgO </td> <td style="text-align: right;">3.1% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">6.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Besi(II)_oksida" title="Besi(II) oksida">Besi(II) oksida</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">FeO </td> <td style="text-align: right;">3.8% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">6.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_oksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium oksida">Sodium oksida</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Na2O </td> <td style="text-align: right;">3.0% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalium_oksida" title="Kalium oksida">Kalium oksida</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">K2O </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2.8% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Besi(III)_oksida" title="Besi(III) oksida">Besi(III) oksida</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fe2O3 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2.5% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_(molekul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air (molekul)">Air</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">H2O </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1.4% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">Karbon dioksida</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">CO2 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1.2% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium_dioksida" title="Titanium dioksida">Titanium dioksida</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">TiO2 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0.7% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fosforus_pentoksida" title="Fosforus pentoksida">Fosforus pentoksida</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">P2O5 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0.2% </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th style="text-align: right;">99.6% </th> <th style="text-align: right;">99.9% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Komposisi_kimiawi">Komposisi kimiawi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelimpahan_unsur_kimia_Bumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelimpahan unsur kimia Bumi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kelimpahan unsur kimia Bumi</a></div> Massa Bumi adalah sekitar 5,98×1024 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a>. Komposisi Bumi sebagian besarnya terdiri dari besi (32,1%), <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> (30,1%), <a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">silikon</a> (15,1%), <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> (13,9%), <a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">belerang</a> (2,9%), <a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a> (1,8%), <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">kalsium</a> (1,5%), dan <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> (1,4%); sisanya terdiri dari unsur-unsur lainnya (1,2%). Akibat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segregasi_massa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segregasi massa (halaman belum tersedia)">segregasi massa</a>, bagian inti Bumi diyakini mengandung besi (88,8%), dan sejumlah kecil nikel (5,8%), belerang (4,5%), dan kurang dari 1% unsur-unsur lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-pnas71_12_6973-51">[44]</a> Ahli geokimia <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wigglesworth_Clarke" title="Frank Wigglesworth Clarke">F. W. Clarke</a> menghitung lebih dari 47% <a href="/wiki/Kerak_(geologi)" title="Kerak (geologi)">kerak</a> Bumi mengandung oksigen. Konstituen batuan yang umumnya terdapat pada kerak Bumi hampir semuanya merupakan senyawa oksida; klorin, belerang, dan <a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">fluor</a> adalah tiga pengecualian, dan jumlah total kandungan unsur ini dalam batuan biasanya kurang dari 1%. Oksida utama yang terkandung dalam kerak Bumi adalah silika, alumina, besi oksida, kapur, magnesia, kalium, dan soda. Silika pada umumnya berfungsi sebagai <a href="/wiki/Asam" title="Asam">asam</a>, yang membentuk silikat, dan mineral paling umum yang terdapat pada <a href="/wiki/Batuan_beku" title="Batuan beku">batuan beku</a> adalah senyawa ini. Berdasarkan analisisnya terhadap 1.672 jenis batuan di kerak Bumi, Clarke menyimpulkan bahwa 99,22% kerak Bumi terdiri dari 11 oksida (lihat tabel di sebelah kanan).<a href="#cite_note-52">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Struktur_dalam">Struktur dalam</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Struktur_Bumi" title="Struktur Bumi">Struktur Bumi</a></div> Interior Bumi, seperti halnya planet kebumian lainnya, dibagi menjadi sejumlah lapisan menurut kandungan <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisika</a> atau kimianya (<a href="/wiki/Reologi" title="Reologi">reologi</a>). Namun, tidak seperti planet kebumian lainnya, Bumi memiliki inti luar dan inti dalam yang berbeda. Lapisan luar Bumi secara kimiawi berupa kerak padat <a href="/wiki/Mineral_silikat" title="Mineral silikat">silikat</a> yang diselimuti oleh mantel <a href="/wiki/Viskositas" class="mw-redirect" title="Viskositas">viskose</a> padat. Kerak Bumi dipisahkan dari mantel oleh <a href="/wiki/Diskontinuitas_Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Diskontinuitas Mohorovičić">diskontinuitas Mohorovičić</a>, dengan ketebalan kerak yang bervariasi; ketebalan rata-ratanya adalah 6 <a href="/wiki/Kilometer" title="Kilometer">km</a> di bawah lautan dan 30-50 km di bawah daratan. Kerak Bumi, serta bagian kaku dan dingin di puncak <a href="/wiki/Mantel_atas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantel atas">mantel atas</a>, secara kolektif dikenal dengan <a href="/wiki/Litosfer" title="Litosfer">litosfer</a>, dan pada lapisan inilah <a href="/wiki/Tektonika_lempeng" title="Tektonika lempeng">tektonika lempeng</a> terjadi. Di bawah litosfer terdapat <a href="/wiki/Astenosfer" title="Astenosfer">astenosfer</a>, lapisan dengan tingkat viskositas yang relatif rendah dan menjadi tempat melekat bagi litosfer. Perubahan penting struktur kristal di dalam mantel terjadi pada kedalaman 410 dan 660 <a href="/wiki/Kilometer" title="Kilometer">km</a> di bawah permukaan Bumi, yang juga mencakup <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_transisi_(Bumi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona transisi (Bumi) (halaman belum tersedia)">zona transisi</a> yang memisahkan mantel atas dengan mantel bawah. Di bawah mantel, terdapat fluida <a href="/wiki/Inti_luar" title="Inti luar">inti luar</a> dengan viskositas yang sangat rendah di atas <a href="/wiki/Inti_dalam" title="Inti dalam">inti dalam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tanimoto_ahrens1995-53">[46]</a> Inti dalam Bumi mengalami perputaran dengan <a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_sudut" title="Kecepatan sudut">kecepatan sudut</a> yang sedikit lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan bagian planet lainnya, sekitar 0,1-0,5° per tahun.<a href="#cite_note-science309_5739_1313-54">[47]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:4px; margin-right:0; width:100%; text-align:center;"> <caption>Lapisan geologi Bumi<a href="#cite_note-pnas76_9_4192-55">[48]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="8" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center; padding:0;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth-crust-cutaway-id.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Earth-crust-cutaway-id.svg/250px-Earth-crust-cutaway-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Earth-crust-cutaway-id.svg/375px-Earth-crust-cutaway-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Earth-crust-cutaway-id.svg/500px-Earth-crust-cutaway-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Penampang Bumi dari inti ke eksosfer. </th> <th>Kedalaman<a href="#cite_note-robertson2001-56">[49]</a> km </th> <th style="vertical-align: bottom;">Lapisan komponen </th> <th>Kepadatan g/cm3 </th></tr> <tr> <td>0–60 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Litosfer<a href="#cite_note-57">[catatan 8]</a> </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FEFEFE;"> <td>0–35 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;">Kerak<a href="#cite_note-58">[catatan 9]</a> </td> <td>2.2–2.9 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FEFEFE;"> <td>35–60 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;">Mantel atas </td> <td>3.4–4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>  35–2890 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Mantel </td> <td>3.4–5.6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FEFEFE;"> <td>100–700 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;">Astenosfer </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>2890–5100 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Inti luar </td> <td>9.9–12.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5100–6378 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Inti dalam </td> <td>12.8–13.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panas">Panas</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Panas_dalam" title="Panas dalam">Panas dalam</a> Bumi berasal dari perpaduan antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energi_pengikatan_gravitasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energi pengikatan gravitasi (halaman belum tersedia)">panas endapan dari akresi planet</a> (sekitar 20%) dan panas yang dihasilkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">peluruhan radioaktif</a> (80%).<a href="#cite_note-turcotte-59">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> penghasil panas utama Bumi adalah <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kalium-40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium-238</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium-235" title="Uranium-235">uranium-235</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">torium-232</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sanders20031210-60">[51]</a> Di pusat Bumi, suhu bisa mencapai 6.000 °C,<a href="#cite_note-61">[52]</a> dan tekanannya mencapai 360 <a href="/wiki/GPa" class="mw-redirect" title="GPa">GPa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ptrsl360_1795_1227-62">[53]</a> Karena sebagian besar panas Bumi dihasilkan oleh peluruhan radioaktif, para ilmuwan percaya bahwa pada awal <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Bumi" title="Sejarah Bumi">sejarah Bumi</a>, sebelum isotop dengan usia pendek terkuras habis, produksi panas Bumi yang dihasilkan jauh lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan saat ini. Panas yang dihasilkan pada masa itu diperkirakan dua kali lebih besar daripada saat ini, kira-kira 3 miliar tahun yang lalu,<a href="#cite_note-turcotte-59">[50]</a> dan hal tersebut akan meningkatkan gradien suhu di dalam Bumi, meningkatkan tingkat <a href="/wiki/Konveksi_mantel" title="Konveksi mantel">konveksi mantel</a> dan tektonik lempeng, serta memungkinkan pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Batuan_beku" title="Batuan beku">batuan beku</a> seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komatiites&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komatiites (halaman belum tersedia)">komatiites</a>, yang tidak bisa terbentuk pada masa kini.<a href="#cite_note-epsl121_1-63">[54]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Isotop utama penghasil panas Bumi saat ini<a href="#cite_note-T&S_137-64">[55]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Isotop </th> <th>Pelepasan panas <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">W</a>kg isotop </th> <th>Paruh hidup tahun </th> <th>Konsentrasi mantel rata-rata kg isotopkg mantel </th> <th>Pelepasan panas Wkg mantel </th></tr> <tr> <td>238U </td> <td>9.46 × 10−5 </td> <td>4.47 × 109 </td> <td>30.8 × 10−9 </td> <td>2.91 × 10−12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>235U </td> <td>5.69 × 10−4 </td> <td>7.04 × 108 </td> <td>0.22 × 10−9 </td> <td>1.25 × 10−13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>232Th </td> <td>2.64 × 10−5 </td> <td>1.40 × 1010 </td> <td>124 × 10−9 </td> <td>3.27 × 10−12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>40K </td> <td>2.92 × 10−5 </td> <td>1.25 × 109 </td> <td>36.9 × 10−9 </td> <td>1.08 × 10−12 </td></tr></tbody></table> Rata-rata pelepasan panas Bumi adalah 87 mW m−2, dan 4.42 × 1013 W untuk panas global.<a href="#cite_note-jg31_3_267-65">[56]</a> Sebagian energi panas di dalam inti Bumi diangkut menuju kerak oleh <a href="/wiki/Bulu_mantel" title="Bulu mantel">bulu mantel</a>; bentuk konveksi yang terdiri dari batuan bersuhu tinggi yang mengalir ke atas. Bulu mantel ini mampu menghasilkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bintik_panas_(geologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bintik panas (geologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">bintik panas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Basal_banjir" title="Basal banjir">basal banjir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-science246_4926_103-66">[57]</a> Panas Bumi yang selebihnya dilepaskan melalui lempeng tektonik oleh mantel yang terhubung dengan <a href="/wiki/Punggung_tengah_samudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Punggung tengah samudra">punggung tengah samudra</a>. Pelepasan panas terakhir dilakukan melalui konduksi <a href="/wiki/Litosfer" title="Litosfer">litosfer</a>, yang umumnya terjadi di samudra karena kerak di sana jauh lebih tipis jika dibandingkan dengan kerak benua.<a href="#cite_note-heat_loss-67">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lempeng_tektonik">Lempeng tektonik</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Daftar_lempeng_tektonik" title="Daftar lempeng tektonik">Lempeng utama Bumi</a><a href="#cite_note-brown_wohletz2005-68">[59]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tectonic_plates_(empty).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Shows the extent and boundaries of tectonic plates, with superimposed outlines of the continents they support" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Tectonic_plates_%28empty%29.svg/250px-Tectonic_plates_%28empty%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Tectonic_plates_%28empty%29.svg/500px-Tectonic_plates_%28empty%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="461" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nama lempeng </th> <th>Area 106 km2 </th></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19202607">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Pasifik" title="Lempeng Pasifik">Lempeng Pasifik</a></div></td> <td style="text-align: center;">103.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Afrika" title="Lempeng Afrika">Lempeng Afrika</a><a href="#cite_note-jaes41_3_379-69">[catatan 10]</a></div></td> <td style="text-align: center;">78.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Amerika_Utara" title="Lempeng Amerika Utara">Lempeng Amerika Utara</a></div></td> <td style="text-align: center;">75.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Eurasia" title="Lempeng Eurasia">Lempeng Eurasia</a></div></td> <td style="text-align: center;">67.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Antarktika" title="Lempeng Antarktika">Lempeng Antarktika</a></div></td> <td style="text-align: center;">60.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Indo-Australia" title="Lempeng Indo-Australia">Lempeng Indo-Australia</a></div></td> <td style="text-align: center;">47.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Amerika_Selatan" title="Lempeng Amerika Selatan">Lempeng Amerika Selatan</a></div></td> <td style="text-align: center;">43.6 </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Tektonika_lempeng" title="Tektonika lempeng">Tektonika lempeng</a></div> Lapisan luar Bumi yang berbentuk lapisan kaku, disebut dengan litosfer, terpecah menjadi potongan-potongan yang disebut dengan lempeng tektonik. Lempeng-lempeng ini merupakan segmen kaku yang saling berhubungan dan bergerak pada salah satu dari tiga jenis batas lempeng. Ketiga batas lempeng tersebut adalah <a href="/wiki/Batas_konvergen" title="Batas konvergen">batas konvergen</a>, tempat dua lempeng bertumbukan; <a href="/wiki/Batas_divergen" title="Batas divergen">batas divergen</a>, tempat dua lempeng saling menjauh; dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_peralihan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas peralihan (halaman belum tersedia)">batas peralihan</a>, tempat dua lempeng saling bersilangan secara lateral. <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi">Gempa bumi</a>, aktivitas <a href="/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi">gunung berapi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orografi" title="Orografi">pembentukan gunung</a>, dan pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Palung" class="mw-redirect" title="Palung">palung laut</a> terjadi di sepanjang batas lempeng ini.<a href="#cite_note-kious_tilling1999-70">[60]</a> Lempeng tektonik berada di atas astenosfer, lapisan mantel yang bentuknya padat, tetapi tidak begitu kental yang bisa mengalir dan bergerak bersama lempeng,<a href="#cite_note-seligman2008-71">[61]</a> dan pergerakan ini disertai dengan pola konveksi dalam mantel Bumi. Karena lempeng tektonik berpindah di seluruh Bumi, lantai samudra mengalami <a href="/wiki/Subduksi" title="Subduksi">penunjaman</a> di bawah tepi utama lempeng pada batas konvergen. Pada saat yang bersamaan, material mantel pada batas divergen membentuk <a href="/wiki/Punggung_tengah_samudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Punggung tengah samudra">punggung tengah samudra</a>. Perpaduan kedua proses ini secara berkelanjutan terus mendaur ulang <a href="/wiki/Kerak_samudra" title="Kerak samudra">kerak samudra</a> kembali ke dalam mantel. Karena proses daur ulang ini, sebagian besar lantai samudra berusia kurang dari 100 Ma. Kerak samudra tertua berlokasi di Pasifik Barat, yang usianya diperkirakan 200 Ma.<a href="#cite_note-duennebier1999-72">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-noaa20070307-73">[63]</a> Sebagai perbandingan, kerak benua tertua berusia 4030 Ma.<a href="#cite_note-cmp134_3-74">[64]</a> Tujuh lempeng utama di Bumi adalah <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Pasifik" title="Lempeng Pasifik">Lempeng Pasifik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Amerika_Utara" title="Lempeng Amerika Utara">Amerika Utara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Eurasia" title="Lempeng Eurasia">Eurasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Afrika" title="Lempeng Afrika">Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Antarktika" title="Lempeng Antarktika">Antarktika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Indo-Australia" title="Lempeng Indo-Australia">Lempeng Indo-Australia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Amerika_Selatan" title="Lempeng Amerika Selatan">Amerika Selatan</a>. Lempeng terkemuka lainnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Arab" title="Lempeng Arab">Lempeng Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Karibia" title="Lempeng Karibia">Lempeng Karibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Nazca" title="Lempeng Nazca">Lempeng Nazca</a> di pantai barat Amerika Selatan, dan <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Scotia" title="Lempeng Scotia">Lempeng Scotia</a> di <a href="/wiki/Samudra_Atlantik" title="Samudra Atlantik">Samudra Atlantik</a> selatan. Lempeng Australia menyatu dengan Lempeng India kira-kira 50 sampai 55 juta tahun yang lalu. Lempeng dengan pergerakan tercepat adalah lempeng samudra; <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Cocos" title="Lempeng Cocos">Lempeng Cocos</a> bergerak dengan laju kecepatan 75 mm/tahun,<a href="#cite_note-podp2000-75">[65]</a> dan Lempeng Pasifik bergerak 52–69 mm/tahun. Sedangkan lempeng dengan pergerakan terlambat adalah <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Eurasia" title="Lempeng Eurasia">Lempeng Eurasia</a>, dengan laju pergerakan sekitar 21 mm/tahun.<a href="#cite_note-gps_time_series-76">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Permukaan">Permukaan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Bentang_alam" title="Bentang alam">Bentang alam</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lokasi_paling_ekstrem_di_dunia" title="Lokasi paling ekstrem di dunia">Lokasi paling ekstrem di dunia</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:brown"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 422.37116738353px; border-left-color:aqua"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:aqua"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:aqua"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 196.26105055051px; border-left-color:fuchsia"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:fuchsia"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:fuchsia"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 40.321436194175px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:69.365330581281px 72.030902488791px 0 0; border-top-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:11.909716009487px 99.288260456981px 0 0; border-top-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:1.655479500467px; border-width:0 0 98.344520499533px 18.120576362714px; border-bottom-color:silver"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Permukaan padat Bumi menurut persentase dari luas total permukaan Bumi <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  Punggung samudra (22.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  Lantai cekungan samudra (29.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  Pegunungan benua (10.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  Dataran rendah benua (18.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  Landas benua dan lereng (11.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  Tanjakan benua (3.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" /><div class="legend">  Busur pulau vulkanik, palung laut, gunung api dasar laut, dan perbukitan (3.7%)</div> </div> </div></div> Permukaan Bumi bervariasi dari tempat ke tempat. Sekitar 70,8%<a href="#cite_note-Pidwirny_2006_8-18">[13]</a> permukaan Bumi ditutupi oleh <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a>, dan terdapat banyak <a href="/wiki/Landas_benua" title="Landas benua">landas benua</a> di bawah permukaan laut. Luas permukaan Bumi yang ditutupi oleh air setara dengan 361,132 million <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" class="mw-redirect" title="Square kilometre">km2</a> (139,43 juta sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-77">[67]</a> Permukaan Bumi yang terendam memiliki bentang pegunungan, termasuk rangkaian punggung tengah samudra dan gunung api bawah laut,<a href="#cite_note-ngdc2006-43">[36]</a> bentang lainnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Palung" class="mw-redirect" title="Palung">palung laut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lembah_bawah_laut" title="Lembah bawah laut">lembah bawah laut</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dataran_tinggi_samudra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dataran tinggi samudra (halaman belum tersedia)">dataran tinggi samudra</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Dataran_abisal" title="Dataran abisal">dataran abisal</a>. Sisanya, 29,2% (148,94 million <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" class="mw-redirect" title="Square kilometre">km2</a> atau 57,51 juta sq mi) permukaan Bumi dilingkupi oleh daratan, yang terdiri dari pegunungan, padang gurun, dataran tinggi, pesisir, dan <a href="/wiki/Geomorfologi" title="Geomorfologi">geomorfologi</a> lainnya. Permukaan Bumi mengalami pembentukan kembali pada periode waktu geologi karena aktivitas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erosi_dan_tektonik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erosi dan tektonik (halaman belum tersedia)">tektonik dan erosi</a>. Permukaan Bumi yang terbentuk atau mengalami deformasi akibat tektonika lempeng merupakan permukaan yang mengalami <a href="/wiki/Pelapukan" title="Pelapukan">pelapukan</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Curah_hujan" class="mw-redirect" title="Curah hujan">curah hujan</a>, siklus termal, dan pengaruh kimia. <a href="/wiki/Glasial" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasial">Glasiasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erosi_pantai" title="Erosi pantai">erosi pantai</a>, pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Terumbu_karang" title="Terumbu karang">terumbu karang</a>, dan tubrukan <a href="/wiki/Meteorit" title="Meteorit">meteorit</a> besar<a href="#cite_note-kring-78">[68]</a> merupakan beberapa peristiwa yang memicu pembentukan kembali lanskap permukaan Bumi. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:AYool_topography_15min.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AYool_topography_15min.png/330px-AYool_topography_15min.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AYool_topography_15min.png/500px-AYool_topography_15min.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AYool_topography_15min.png/960px-AYool_topography_15min.png 2x" data-file-width="1617" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bentang_alam" title="Bentang alam">Altimetri</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Batimetri" title="Batimetri">batimetri</a> Bumi saat ini. Data dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/">TerrainBase Digital Terrain Model</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Data_Geofisika_Nasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Data Geofisika Nasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat Data Geofisika Nasional</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Kerak_benua" title="Kerak benua">Kerak benua</a> terdiri dari material dengan kepadatan rendah seperti <a href="/wiki/Batuan_beku" title="Batuan beku">batuan beku</a> <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">granit</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Andesit" title="Andesit">andesit</a>. Batuan dengan persentase kecil adalah <a href="/wiki/Basal" title="Basal">basal</a>, batuan vulkanik padat yang merupakan konstituen utama lantai samudra.<a href="#cite_note-layers_earth-79">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Batuan_sedimen" title="Batuan sedimen">Batuan sedimen</a> terbentuk dari akumulasi sedimen yang terpadatkan. Hampir 75% permukaan benua ditutupi oleh batuan sedimen, meskipun batuan itu sendiri hanya membentuk 5% bagian kerak Bumi.<a href="#cite_note-jessey-80">[70]</a> Batuan ketiga yang paling umum terdapat di permukaan Bumi adalah <a href="/wiki/Batuan_metamorf" title="Batuan metamorf">batuan metamorf</a>, yang terbentuk dari transformasi batuan yang sudah ada akibat tekanan tinggi, suhu tinggi, atau keduanya. Mineral silikat yang ketersediaannya paling melimpah di permukaan Bumi adalah <a href="/wiki/Kuarsa" title="Kuarsa">kuarsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" class="mw-redirect" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amfibol" title="Amfibol">amfibol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mika" title="Mika">mika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piroksen" title="Piroksen">piroksen</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Olivin" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivin">olivin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-de_pater_lissauer2010-81">[71]</a> Sedangkan mineral karbonat paling umum adalah <a href="/wiki/Kalsit" title="Kalsit">kalsit</a> (ditemukan pada <a href="/wiki/Batu_kapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Batu kapur">batu kapur</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dolomit" title="Dolomit">dolomit</a>).<a href="#cite_note-wekn_bulakh2004-82">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pedosfer" title="Pedosfer">Pedosfer</a> adalah lapisan terluar Bumi yang menjadi tempat terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Pedogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedogenesis">proses pembentukan tanah</a>. Lapisan ini terletak pada antarmuka <a href="/wiki/Litosfer" title="Litosfer">litosfer</a>, atmosfer, <a href="/wiki/Hidrosfer" title="Hidrosfer">hidrosfer</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">biosfer</a>. Total permukaan tanah saat ini adalah 13,31% dari luas total permukaan Bumi, dan dari jumlah tersebut, hanya 4,71% yang ditanami secara permanen.<a href="#cite_note-cia-19">[14]</a> Hampir 40% permukaan tanah dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan pertanian dan padang rumput, dengan rincian 1,3×107 km2 lahan pertanian dan 3,4×107 km2 padang rumput.<a href="#cite_note-fao1994-83">[73]</a> Ketinggian permukaan tanah Bumi bervariasi. Titik terendah berada pada ketinggian −418 m di <a href="/wiki/Laut_Mati" title="Laut Mati">Laut Mati</a>, sedangkan titik tertinggi adalah 8.848 m di puncak <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Everest" title="Gunung Everest">Gunung Everest</a>. Ketinggian rata-rata permukaan tanah dihitung dari permukaan laut adalah 840 m.<a href="#cite_note-sverdrup-84">[74]</a> Secara logis, Bumi dibagi menjadi Belahan Utara dan Selatan yang berpusat di masing-masing kutub. Namun, Bumi secara tidak resmi juga dibagi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Belahan_Bumi_Barat" class="mw-redirect" title="Belahan Bumi Barat">Belahan Bumi Barat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Belahan_Bumi_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Belahan Bumi Timur">Timur</a>. Permukaan Bumi secara tradisional dibagi menjadi tujuh benua dan berbagai <a href="/wiki/Laut" title="Laut">laut</a>. Setelah manusia menghuni dan mengelola Bumi, hampir semua permukaan dibagi menjadi negara-negara. Hingga tahun 2013, terdapat 196 negara berdaulat dengan jumlah penduduk sekitar 7 miliar yang menghuni permukaan Bumi.<a href="#cite_note-85">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrosfer">Hidrosfer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Hidrosfer" title="Hidrosfer">Hidrosfer</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth_elevation_histogram_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Earth_elevation_histogram_2.svg/330px-Earth_elevation_histogram_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Earth_elevation_histogram_2.svg/500px-Earth_elevation_histogram_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Earth_elevation_histogram_2.svg/600px-Earth_elevation_histogram_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Histogram ketinggian permukaan Bumi.</figcaption></figure> Ketersediaan air yang begitu banyak di permukaan Bumi merupakan hal unik yang membedakan "Planet Biru" dengan planet lainnya di <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hidrosfer" title="Hidrosfer">Hidrosfer</a> Bumi pada umumnya terdiri dari lautan, namun secara teknis juga mencakup semua <a href="/wiki/Perairan" title="Perairan">perairan</a> yang terdapat di permukaan Bumi, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Danau" title="Danau">danau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai">sungai</a>, laut pedalaman, dan air bawah tanah di kedalaman 2.000 m. Perairan terdalam dari permukaan Bumi adalah <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Deep" class="mw-redirect" title="Challenger Deep">Challenger Deep</a> di <a href="/wiki/Palung_Mariana" title="Palung Mariana">Palung Mariana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" title="Samudra Pasifik">Samudra Pasifik</a>, dengan kedalaman 10.911,4 m di bawah permukaan <a href="/wiki/Laut" title="Laut">laut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-trench_depth-86">[catatan 11]</a><a href="#cite_note-kaiko7000-87">[76]</a> Massa lautan kira-kira 1,35×1018 <a href="/wiki/Metrik_ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrik ton">metrik ton</a>, atau sekitar 1/4400 dari massa total Bumi. Lautan mencakup area seluas 3,618×108 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" class="mw-redirect" title="Square kilometre">km2</a>, dengan kedalaman rata-rata 3682 <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">m</a>, dan volume air sekitar 1,332×109 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubic_kilometre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cubic kilometre (halaman belum tersedia)">km3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ocean23_2_112-88">[77]</a> Jika daratan di permukaan Bumi tersebar merata, maka ketinggian air akan naik lebih dari 2,7 km.<a href="#cite_note-89">[catatan 12]</a> Sekitar 97,5% perairan Bumi adalah air asin, sedangkan 2,5% sisanya adalah air tawar. Sekitar 68,7% air tawar yang terdapat di permukaan Bumi pada saat ini adalah es, sedangkan selebihnya membentuk danau, sungai, mata air, dan sebagainya.<a href="#cite_note-shiklomanov_et_al_1999-90">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salinitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Salinitas">Tingkat keasinan</a> rata-rata lautan di Bumi adalah 35 gram garam per kilogram air laut (3,5% garam).<a href="#cite_note-kennish2001-91">[79]</a> Sebagian besar garam ini dihasilkan oleh aktivitas vulkanis atau hasil ekstraksi batuan beku.<a href="#cite_note-mullen2002-92">[80]</a> Lautan juga menjadi reservoir bagi gas atmosfer terlarut, yang keberadaannya sangat penting bagi kelangsungan hidup sebagian besar organisme air.<a href="#cite_note-natsci_oxy4-93">[81]</a> Air laut memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap iklim dunia; lautan berfungsi sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reservoir_panas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reservoir panas (halaman belum tersedia)">reservoir panas</a> utama.<a href="#cite_note-michon2006-94">[82]</a> Perubahan suhu di lautan juga bisa menyebabkan perubahan cuaca di berbagai belahan dunia, misalnya <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Osilasi_Selatan" title="El Niño–Osilasi Selatan">El Niño–Osilasi Selatan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sample2005-95">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atmosfer">Atmosfer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer_Bumi" title="Atmosfer Bumi">Atmosfer Bumi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth_in_ultraviolet_from_the_Moon_(S72-40821).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Earth_in_ultraviolet_from_the_Moon_%28S72-40821%29.jpg/220px-Earth_in_ultraviolet_from_the_Moon_%28S72-40821%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Earth_in_ultraviolet_from_the_Moon_%28S72-40821%29.jpg/330px-Earth_in_ultraviolet_from_the_Moon_%28S72-40821%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Earth_in_ultraviolet_from_the_Moon_%28S72-40821%29.jpg/440px-Earth_in_ultraviolet_from_the_Moon_%28S72-40821%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1719" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption>Foto yang memperlihatkan bagaimana Bumi bersinar dalam cahaya <a href="/wiki/Ultraungu" title="Ultraungu">ultraungu</a>. </figcaption></figure> Rata-rata <a href="/wiki/Tekanan_atmosfer" title="Tekanan atmosfer">tekanan atmosfer</a> di permukaan Bumi adalah 101,325 <a href="/wiki/KPa" class="mw-redirect" title="KPa">kPa</a>, dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketingggian_skala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketingggian skala (halaman belum tersedia)">ketingggian skala</a> sekitar 5 km.<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a> Atmosfer mengandung 78% <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> dan 21% <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a>, selebihnya adalah uap air, <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a>, dan molekul gas lainnya. Ketinggian <a href="/wiki/Troposfer" title="Troposfer">troposfer</a> beragam menurut garis lintang, berkisar antara 8 km di wilayah kutub hingga 17 km di wilayah khatulistiwa, dan beberapa variasi yang diakibatkan oleh faktor musim dan cuaca.<a href="#cite_note-geerts_linacre97-96">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">Biosfer</a> Bumi secara perlahan telah memermak komposisi <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfer">atmosfer</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolusi_Oksigen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolusi Oksigen (halaman belum tersedia)">Fotosintesis oksigenik</a> berevolusi 2,7 miliar tahun yang lalu, yang <a href="/wiki/Peristiwa_Oksigenasi_Besar" title="Peristiwa Oksigenasi Besar">membentuk</a> atmosfer nitrogen-oksigen utama saat ini.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20131003-97">[85]</a> Peristiwa ini memungkinkan terjadinya proliferasi <a href="/wiki/Organisme_aerobik" title="Organisme aerobik">organisme aerobik</a>, serta pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Lapisan_ozon" title="Lapisan ozon">lapisan ozon</a> yang menghalangi <a href="/wiki/Sinar_matahari" title="Sinar matahari">radiasi surya</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultraungu" title="Ultraungu">ultraungu</a> memasuki Bumi dan menjamin kelangsungan kehidupan di darat. Fungsi atmosfer lainnya yang penting bagi kehidupan di Bumi adalah mengangkut uap air, menyediakan gas bernilai guna, membakar <a href="/wiki/Meteor" title="Meteor">meteor</a> berukuran kecil sebelum menghantam permukaan Bumi, dan memoderatori suhu.<a href="#cite_note-atmosphere-98">[86]</a> Fenomena yang terakhir dikenal dengan <a href="/wiki/Efek_rumah_kaca" title="Efek rumah kaca">efek rumah kaca</a>; proses penangkapan energi panas yang dipancarkan dari permukaan Bumi pada atmosfer sehingga meningkatkan suhu rata-rata. Uap air, karbon dioksida, metana, dan ozon merupakan <a href="/wiki/Gas_rumah_kaca" title="Gas rumah kaca">gas rumah kaca</a> utama pada atmosfer Bumi. Tanpa pemancaran panas ini, suhu rata-rata di permukaan Bumi akan mencapai −18 °C, berbeda jauh dengan suhu rata-rata saat ini (+15 °C), dan kehidupan kemungkinan besar tidak akan bisa bertahan.<a href="#cite_note-Pidwirny2006_7-99">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cuaca_dan_iklim">Cuaca dan iklim</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca">Cuaca</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim">Iklim</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MODIS_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/MODIS_Map.jpg/250px-MODIS_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/MODIS_Map.jpg/330px-MODIS_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/MODIS_Map.jpg/500px-MODIS_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Foto satelit <a href="/wiki/Tudung_awan" title="Tudung awan">tudung awan</a> di Bumi menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Moderate-Resolution_Imaging_Spectroradiometer" title="Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer">MRIS</a> <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</figcaption></figure> Atmosfer Bumi tidak memiliki batas pasti, secara perlahan menipis dan mengabur ke angkasa luar. Tiga perempat massa atmosfer berada pada ketinggian 11 kilometer dari permukaan Bumi. Lapisan terbawah ini disebut dengan <a href="/wiki/Troposfer" title="Troposfer">troposfer</a>. Energi dari Matahari memanaskan lapisan ini, serta permukaan di bawahnya, yang menyebabkan terjadinya pemuaian udara. Udara pada lapisan ini kemudian bergerak naik dan digantikan oleh udara dingin dengan kelembaban yang lebih tinggi. Akibatnya, terjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirkulasi_atmosferik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirkulasi atmosferik (halaman belum tersedia)">sirkulasi atmosferik</a> yang memicu pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca">cuaca</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim">iklim</a> melalui pendistribusian kembali energi panas.<a href="#cite_note-moran2005-100">[88]</a> Dampak utama sirkulasi atmosferik adalah terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Angin_pasat" title="Angin pasat">angin pasat</a> di wilayah khatulistiwa yang berada pada garis lintang 30° dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angin_barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angin barat (halaman belum tersedia)">angin barat</a> di wilayah-wilayah lintang tengah antara 30° dan 60°.<a href="#cite_note-berger2002-101">[89]</a> Arus laut juga menjadi faktor penting dalam menentukan iklim, terutama <a href="/wiki/Sirkulasi_termohalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirkulasi termohalin">sirkulasi termohalin</a> yang menyebarkan energi panas dari lautan di khatulistiwa ke wilayah <a href="/wiki/Kutub_geografi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutub geografi">kutub</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rahmstorf2003-102">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">Uap air</a> yang dihasilkan melalui penguapan di permukaan Bumi diangkut oleh pola sirkulasi di atmosfer. Saat atmosfer melakukan pengangkatan udara hangat dan lembap, uap air akan mengalami <a href="/wiki/Kondensasi" title="Kondensasi">kondensasi</a> dan mengendap ke permukaan Bumi melalui proses <a href="/wiki/Presipitasi_(meteorologi)" title="Presipitasi (meteorologi)">presipitasi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-moran2005-100">[88]</a> Air yang diturunkan ke permukaan Bumi dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Hujan" title="Hujan">hujan</a> kemudian diangkut menuju ketinggian yang lebih rendah oleh <a href="/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai">sungai</a> dan biasanya kembali ke laut atau bermuara di <a href="/wiki/Danau" title="Danau">danau</a>. Peristiwa ini disebut dengan <a href="/wiki/Siklus_air" title="Siklus air">siklus air</a>, yang merupakan mekanisme penting untuk mendukung kelangsungan kehidupan di darat dan faktor utama yang menyebabkan erosi di permukaan Bumi pada <a href="/wiki/Periode_(geologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (geologi)">periode geologi</a>. Pola presipitasi atau curah hujan ini sangat beragam, berkisar dari beberapa meter air per tahun hingga kurang dari satu milimeter. Sirkulasi atmosferik, topologi, dan perbedaan suhu juga menentukan curah hujan rata-rata yang turun di setiap wilayah.<a href="#cite_note-hydrologic_cycle-103">[91]</a> Besar <a href="/wiki/Energi_surya" title="Energi surya">energi surya</a> yang mencapai Bumi akan menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya lintang. Pada lintang yang lebih tinggi, <a href="/wiki/Cahaya_matahari" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahaya matahari">cahaya matahari</a> mencapai permukaan Bumi pada sudut yang lebih rendah dan harus melewati kolom atmosfer yang lebih tebal. Akibatnya, suhu rata-rata di permukaan laut menurun sekitar 0,4 °C per derajat jarak lintang dari khatulistiwa.<a href="#cite_note-sadava_heller2006-104">[92]</a> Bumi bisa dibagi menjadi zona lintang spesifik berdasarkan perkiraan kesamaan iklim. Pembagian ini berkisar dari wilayah khatulistiwa hingga ke wilayah kutub, yakni zona iklim <a href="/wiki/Tropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropis">tropis</a> (atau khatulistiwa), <a href="/wiki/Subtropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropis">subtropis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iklim_sedang" title="Iklim sedang">iklim sedang</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Iklim_kutub" title="Iklim kutub">kutub</a>.<a href="#cite_note-climate_zones-105">[93]</a> Iklim juga bisa diklasifikasikan menurut suhu dan <a href="/wiki/Curah_hujan" class="mw-redirect" title="Curah hujan">curah hujan</a>, yang ditandai dengan wilayah iklim dengan massa udara yang seragam. Yang paling umum digunakan adalah sistem <a href="/wiki/Klasifikasi_iklim_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Klasifikasi iklim Köppen">klasifikasi iklim Köppen</a> (dicetuskan oleh <a href="/wiki/Wladimir_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Wladimir Köppen">Wladimir Köppen</a>). Klasifikasi ini membagi Bumi menjadi lima zona iklim (tropis lembap, <a href="/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun">kering</a>, lintang tengah lembap, <a href="/wiki/Iklim_kontinental" class="mw-redirect" title="Iklim kontinental">kontinental</a>, dan kutub dingin), yang kemudian dibagi lagi menjadi subjenis yang lebih spesifik.<a href="#cite_note-berger2002-101">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atmosfer_atas">Atmosfer atas</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Full_moon_partially_obscured_by_atmosphere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Full_moon_partially_obscured_by_atmosphere.jpg/250px-Full_moon_partially_obscured_by_atmosphere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Full_moon_partially_obscured_by_atmosphere.jpg/330px-Full_moon_partially_obscured_by_atmosphere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Full_moon_partially_obscured_by_atmosphere.jpg/500px-Full_moon_partially_obscured_by_atmosphere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3064" data-file-height="2043" /></a><figcaption>Pemandangan dari orbit yang memperlihatkan Bulan purnama yang setengah tertutup oleh atmosfer Bumi. Foto oleh <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Luar_angkasa" title="Luar angkasa">Luar angkasa</a></div> Di atas troposfer, atmosfer terbagi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Stratosfer" title="Stratosfer">stratosfer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesosfer" title="Mesosfer">mesosfer</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Termosfer" title="Termosfer">termosfer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-atmosphere-98">[86]</a> Masing-masing lapisan ini memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tingkat_lincir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tingkat lincir (halaman belum tersedia)">tingkat lincir</a> berbeda, yang umumnya didasarkan pada tingkat perubahan suhu dan ketinggian. Di luar lapisan ini, terdapat lapisan <a href="/wiki/Eksosfer" title="Eksosfer">eksosfer</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Magnetosfer" title="Magnetosfer">magnetosfer</a>, tempat medan magnet Bumi berinteraksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Angin_surya" title="Angin surya">angin surya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sciweek2004-106">[94]</a> Di dalam stratosfer terdapat <a href="/wiki/Lapisan_ozon" title="Lapisan ozon">lapisan ozon</a>, komponen yang berperan melindungi permukaan Bumi dari sinar ultraungu dan memiliki peran penting bagi kehidupan di Bumi. <a href="/wiki/Garis_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Garis Kármán">Garis Kármán</a>, yang dihitung 100 km di atas permukaan Bumi, adalah garis khayal yang membatasi atmosfer dengan <a href="/wiki/Luar_angkasa" title="Luar angkasa">luar angkasa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cordoba2004-107">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Energi_panas_bumi" title="Energi panas bumi">Energi panas</a> menyebabkan beberapa molekul di tepi luar atmosfer Bumi meningkatkan kecepatan sehingga bisa <a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_lepas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan lepas">melepaskan diri</a> dari gravitasi Bumi. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Pelepasan_atmosfer" title="Pelepasan atmosfer">kebocoran atmosfer</a> ke luar angkasa. <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a>, yang memiliki berat molekul rendah, bisa mencapai <a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_lepas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan lepas">kecepatan lepas</a> yang lebih tinggi dan lebih mudah mengalami kebocoran ke luar angkasa jika dibandingkan dengan gas lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-jas31_4_1118-108">[96]</a> Kebocoran hidrogen ke luar angkasa mendorong keadaan Bumi dari yang awalnya mengalami <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">reduksi</a> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">oksidasi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis">Fotosintesis</a> menyediakan sumber oksigen bebas bagi kehidupan di Bumi, tetapi ketiadaan agen pereduksi seperti hidrogen menyebabkan meluasnya penyebaran oksigen di atmosfer.<a href="#cite_note-sci293_5531_839-109">[97]</a> Kemampuan hidrogen untuk melepaskan diri dari atmosfer turut memengaruhi sifat kehidupan yang berkembang di Bumi.<a href="#cite_note-abedon1997-110">[98]</a> Saat ini, atmosfer yang kaya oksigen mengubah hidrogen menjadi air sebelum memiliki kesempatan untuk melepaskan diri. Sebaliknya, sebagian besar peristiwa pelepasan hidrogen terjadi akibat penghancuran <a href="/wiki/Metana" title="Metana">metana</a> di atmosfer atas.<a href="#cite_note-arwps4_265-111">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medan_magnet">Medan magnet</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Structure_of_the_magnetosphere-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagram showing the magnetic field lines of the Earth's magnetosphere. The lines are swept back in the anti-solar direction under the influence of the solar wind." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Structure_of_the_magnetosphere-en.svg/330px-Structure_of_the_magnetosphere-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Structure_of_the_magnetosphere-en.svg/500px-Structure_of_the_magnetosphere-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Structure_of_the_magnetosphere-en.svg/660px-Structure_of_the_magnetosphere-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption>Skema <a href="/wiki/Magnetosfer" title="Magnetosfer">magnetosfer</a> Bumi. <a href="/wiki/Angin_surya" title="Angin surya">Angin surya</a> berhembus dari kiri ke kanan</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Medan_magnet_Bumi" title="Medan magnet Bumi">Medan magnet Bumi</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Medan_magnet_Bumi" title="Medan magnet Bumi">Medan magnet Bumi</a> diperkirakan terbentuk karena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dipole_magnetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dipole magnetik (halaman belum tersedia)">dipole magnetik</a>, dengan kutub magnet berada pada kutub geografi Bumi. Pada khatulistiwa medan magnet, kekuatan medan magnet di permukaan Bumi mencapai 3.05 × 10−5 <a href="/wiki/Tesla" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla">T</a>, dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Momen_dipole_magnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Momen dipole magnet (halaman belum tersedia)">momen dipole magnet</a> global 7.91 × 1015 T m3.<a href="#cite_note-lang2003-112">[100]</a> Menurut <a href="/wiki/Teori_dinamo" title="Teori dinamo">teori dinamo</a>, medan magnet dihasilkan di dalam wilayah inti luar tempat energi panas menciptakan gerakan konveksi material konduksi dan menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Arus_listrik" title="Arus listrik">arus listrik</a>. Proses ini pada gilirannya menciptakan medan magnet Bumi. Gerakan konveksi pada inti Bumi berlangsung dengan tidak teratur; kutub magnet melayang dan secara berkala mengubah arah gaya magnet. Hal ini memicu terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Pembalikan_geomagnetik" title="Pembalikan geomagnetik">pembalikan medan</a> pada interval tak beraturan, yang berlangsung beberapa kali setiap jutaan tahun. Pembalikan medan terakhir terjadi sekitar 700.000 tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-fitzpatrick2006-113">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-campbelwh-114">[102]</a> Medan magnet membentuk lapisan <a href="/wiki/Magnetosfer" title="Magnetosfer">magnetosfer</a>, yang berfungsi membiaskan partikel yang terkandung dalam <a href="/wiki/Angin_surya" title="Angin surya">angin surya</a>. Tepi medan magnet yang mengarah ke Matahari berjarak sekitar 13 kali radius Bumi. Tabrakan antara medan magnet dan angin surya menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Sabuk_radiasi_Van_Allen" title="Sabuk radiasi Van Allen">sabuk radiasi Van Allen</a>, yakni area berbentuk <a href="/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">torus</a> konsentris dengan <a href="/wiki/Partikel_bermuatan" title="Partikel bermuatan">partikel bermuatan</a> energi. Saat <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(wujud_zat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma (wujud zat)">plasma</a> memasuki atmosfer Bumi pada kutub magnet, maka terbentuklah <a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora">aurora</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stern2005-115">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rotasi_dan_orbit">Rotasi dan orbit</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rotasi">Rotasi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Rotasi_Bumi" title="Rotasi Bumi">Rotasi Bumi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:AxialTiltObliquity.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/AxialTiltObliquity.png/250px-AxialTiltObliquity.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/AxialTiltObliquity.png/330px-AxialTiltObliquity.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/AxialTiltObliquity.png/500px-AxialTiltObliquity.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kemiringan_sumbu" title="Kemiringan sumbu">Kemiringan sumbu</a> Bumi (atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obliquitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obliquitas (halaman belum tersedia)">obliquitas</a>) dan hubungannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Rotasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotasi">sumbu rotasi</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidang_orbit_(astronomi_)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bidang orbit (astronomi ) (halaman belum tersedia)">bidang orbit</a>.</figcaption></figure> Kala rotasi Bumi yang bersifat relatif terhadap Matahari–disebut hari Matahari–adalah 86.400 detik dari waktu Matahari rata-rata (86.400,0025 <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-disambig" title="SI">SI</a> detik).<a href="#cite_note-aj136_5_1906-116">[104]</a> Karena periode hari Matahari Bumi saat ini lebih panjang dari periode ketika abad ke-19 akibat <a href="/wiki/Akselerasi_pasang_surut" class="mw-redirect" title="Akselerasi pasang surut">akselerasi pasang surut</a>, setiap hari bervariasi antara 0 hingga 2 SI ms lebih panjang.<a href="#cite_note-USNO_TSD-117">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[106]</a> Kala rotasi Bumi yang relatif terhadap <a href="/wiki/Bintang_tetap" title="Bintang tetap">bintang tetap</a>, dinamakan hari bintang oleh <a href="/wiki/International_Earth_Rotation_and_Reference_Systems_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service">International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service</a> (IERS), adalah 86.164,098903691 detik dari waktu Matahari rata-rata (UT1), atau 23h 56m 4,098903691s.<a href="#cite_note-IERS-5">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aoki-119">[catatan 13]</a> Kala rotasi Bumi yang relatif terhadap <a href="/wiki/Presesi" title="Presesi">presesi</a> atau pergerakan <a href="/wiki/Ekuinoks_vernal" title="Ekuinoks vernal">ekuinoks vernal</a>, dinamakan <a href="/wiki/Hari_sideris" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari sideris">hari sideris</a>, adalah 86.164,09053083288 detik dari waktu Matahari rata-rata (UT1) (23h 56m 4.09053083288s) hingga 1982<a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bumi&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IERS-5">[2]</a> Dengan demikian, hari sideris kira-kira lebih singkat 8,4 ms dari hari bintang.<a href="#cite_note-seidelmann1992-120">[107]</a> Panjang hari Matahari rata-rata dalam satuan detik SI dihitung oleh IERS untuk periode 1623–2005<a href="#cite_note-iers1623-121">[108]</a> dan 1962–2005.<a href="#cite_note-iers1962-122">[109]</a> Selain <a href="/wiki/Meteor" title="Meteor">meteor</a> pada atmosfer dan satelit berorbit rendah, gerakan utama benda langit di atas Bumi adalah ke arah barat, dengan laju 15°/jam = 15'/menit. Untuk benda langit di dekat <a href="/wiki/Khatulistiwa_angkasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatulistiwa angkasa">khatulistiwa angkasa</a>, pergerakannya terlihat pada diameter Matahari dan Bulan setiap dua menit; dari permukaan Bumi, ukuran Matahari dan Bulan kurang lebih sama.<a href="#cite_note-zeilik1998-123">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-angular-124">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orbit">Orbit</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Orbit_Bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbit Bumi">Orbit Bumi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Globespin.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Globespin.gif/250px-Globespin.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Globespin.gif/330px-Globespin.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Globespin.gif/500px-Globespin.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Animasi yang menampilkan rotasi Bumi.</figcaption></figure> Bumi mengorbit Matahari pada jarak rata-rata sekitar 150 juta kilometer setiap 365,2564 <a href="/wiki/Waktu_Matahari" title="Waktu Matahari">hari Matahari</a> rata-rata, atau satu <a href="/wiki/Hari_sideris" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari sideris">tahun sideris</a>. Dari Bumi, akan terlihat jelas gerakan Matahari ke arah timur dengan laju sekitar 1°/hari, yang memperjelas diameter Bulan atau Bumi setiap 12 jam. Karena pergerakan ini, Bumi membutuhkan waktu rata-rata 24 jam (atau hari Matahari) untuk menyelesaikan putaran penuh pada porosnya sehingga Matahari bisa kembali ke <a href="/wiki/Meridian" class="mw-disambig" title="Meridian">meridian</a>. Rata-rata kecepatan orbit Bumi adalah 29,8 km/s (107.000 km/h), cukup cepat untuk menempuh jarak yang sama dengan diameter planet, atau sekitar 12.742 km dalam waktu tujuh menit, dan jarak ke <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a>, 384.000 km dalam waktu 3,5 jam.<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-125">[112]</a> Bulan berputar dengan Bumi mengelilingi <a href="/wiki/Pusat_massa" title="Pusat massa">barisentrum</a> setiap 27,32 hari. Saat dipadukan dengan sistem revolusi Bumi-Bulan mengelilingi Matahari, periode <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan sinodik</a> dari bulan baru ke bulan baru adalah 29,53 hari. Jika dilihat dari <a href="/wiki/Kutub_langit" title="Kutub langit">kutub utara langit</a>, gerakan Bumi, Bulan, dan rotasi sumbu mereka berlawanan dengan jarum jam. Sedangkan jika dilihat dari sudut pandang di atas kutub utara, baik Matahari dan Bumi, Bumi berputar dengan arah berlawanan mengelilingi Matahari. Bidang orbit dan sumbu Bumi tidak teratur; sumbu Bumi <a href="/wiki/Kemiringan_sumbu" title="Kemiringan sumbu">miring</a> sekitar 23,4 derajat dari serenjang bidang orbit Bumi-Matahari (<a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptika</a>), dan bidang orbit Bumi-Bulan miring sekitar ±5,1 derajat dari bidang orbit Bumi-Matahari. Tanpa kemiringan ini, akan muncul gerhana setiap dua minggu, bergantian antara <a href="/wiki/Gerhana_bulan" title="Gerhana bulan">gerhana bulan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gerhana_matahari" title="Gerhana matahari">gerhana matahari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-moon_fact_sheet-126">[113]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukit_sfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukit sfer (halaman belum tersedia)">Bukit sfer</a>, atau lingkup pengaruh <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi">gravitasi</a> Bumi, adalah sekitar 1,5 Gm atau 1.500.000 km di radius.<a href="#cite_note-vazquez_etal2006-127">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-hill_radius-128">[catatan 14]</a> Ini adalah jarak maksimum saat pengaruh gravitasi Bumi lebih kuat daripada Matahari dan planet-planet jauh. Objek harus mengorbit Bumi dalam radius ini, atau mereka akan terkena dampak perturbasi gravitasi Matahari. Bumi, bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a>, terletak di <a href="/wiki/Galaksi" title="Galaksi">galaksi</a> <a href="/wiki/Bima_Sakti" title="Bima Sakti">Bima Sakti</a> dan mengorbit sekitar 28.000 <a href="/wiki/Tahun_cahaya" title="Tahun cahaya">tahun cahaya</a> dari pusat galaksi. Saat ini, Bumi berada sekitar 20 tahun cahaya di atas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidang_galaktik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bidang galaktik (halaman belum tersedia)">bidang galaktik</a> di <a href="/wiki/Lengan_Orion" title="Lengan Orion">lengan spiral Orion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nasa20051201-129">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kemiringan_sumbu_dan_musim">Kemiringan sumbu dan musim</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kemiringan_sumbu" title="Kemiringan sumbu">Kemiringan sumbu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Musim" title="Musim">Musim</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Earth_and_the_Moon_photographed_from_Mars_orbit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black space with crescent Earth at lower left, crescent Moon at upper right, 30% of Earth's apparent diameter; five Earth diameters apparent space between; sunlit from right side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/The_Earth_and_the_Moon_photographed_from_Mars_orbit.jpg/250px-The_Earth_and_the_Moon_photographed_from_Mars_orbit.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/The_Earth_and_the_Moon_photographed_from_Mars_orbit.jpg/500px-The_Earth_and_the_Moon_photographed_from_Mars_orbit.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Bumi dan Bulan dari <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, dipotret oleh <a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a>. Dari luar angkasa, bentuk Bumi berubah dari waktu ke waktu, mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Fase_bulan" title="Fase bulan">fase bulan</a>.</figcaption></figure> Karena <a href="/wiki/Kemiringan_sumbu" title="Kemiringan sumbu">kemiringan sumbu</a> Bumi, jumlah sinar matahari yang jatuh pada titik tertentu di permukaan Bumi bervariasi sepanjang tahun. Hal ini menyebabkan perubahan <a href="/wiki/Musim" title="Musim">musim</a> pada iklim. <a href="/wiki/Musim_panas" title="Musim panas">Musim panas</a> di <a href="/wiki/Belahan_utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Belahan utara">belahan utara</a> terjadi saat Kutub Utara mengarah tepat ke Matahari, dan <a href="/wiki/Musim_dingin" title="Musim dingin">musim dingin</a> berlangsung di saat sebaliknya. Ketika musim panas, hari berlangsung lebih lama dan Matahari naik lebih tinggi di langit. Pada musim dingin, iklim pada umumnya menjadi lebih dingin dan hari berjalan dengan lebih pendek. Di atas <a href="/wiki/Lingkar_Arktik" title="Lingkar Arktik">Lingkar Arktik</a>, peristiwa ekstrem terjadi saat tidak ada siang hari dan malam berlangsung lebih dari 24 jam sehubungan dengan fenomena <a href="/wiki/Malam_kutub" title="Malam kutub">malam kutub</a>. Di <a href="/wiki/Belahan_selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Belahan selatan">belahan selatan</a>, situasinya berkebalikan dengan Kutub Utara; orientasi <a href="/wiki/Kutub_Selatan" title="Kutub Selatan">Kutub Selatan</a> berlawanan dengan arah Kutub Utara. Secara astronomis, empat musim ditentukan oleh <a href="/wiki/Titik_balik_matahari" title="Titik balik matahari">titik balik matahari</a>–titik saat kemiringan sumbu maksimum orbit menuju atau menjauh dari Matahari–dan <a href="/wiki/Ekuinoks" title="Ekuinoks">ekuinoks</a>, saat arah kemiringan dan arah Matahari berada pada satu garis tegak lurus (serenjang). Di belahan utara, <a href="/wiki/Titik_balik_matahari_musim_dingin" title="Titik balik matahari musim dingin">titik balik matahari musim dingin</a> terjadi pada tanggal 21 Desember, <a href="/wiki/Titik_balik_matahari_musim_panas" title="Titik balik matahari musim panas">titik balik matahari musim panas</a> pada 21 Juni, <a href="/wiki/Ekuinoks_musim_semi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekuinoks musim semi">ekuinoks musim semi</a> sekitar tanggal 20 Maret, dan <a href="/wiki/Ekuinoks" title="Ekuinoks">ekuinoks musim gugur</a> tanggal 23 September. Di belahan selatan, situasinya terbalik; titik balik matahari musim panas dan musim dingin terjadi sebaliknya dan ekuinoks musim semi dan musim gugur dipertukarkan tanggalnya.<a href="#cite_note-bromberg2008-130">[116]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth-Moon_system_as_seen_from_Saturn_(PIA17171).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Earth-Moon_system_as_seen_from_Saturn_%28PIA17171%29.jpg/250px-Earth-Moon_system_as_seen_from_Saturn_%28PIA17171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Earth-Moon_system_as_seen_from_Saturn_%28PIA17171%29.jpg/500px-Earth-Moon_system_as_seen_from_Saturn_%28PIA17171%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Pesawat ruang angkasa Cassini</a> NASA memotret Bumi dan Bulan (terlihat pada kanan bawah) dari <a href="/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus">Saturnus</a> (19 Juli 2013).</figcaption></figure> Sudut kemiringan Bumi relatif stabil dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Kemiringan ini mengalami <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nutasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nutasi (halaman belum tersedia)">nutasi</a>; gerakan kecil dan tidak teratur dengan periode utama 18,6 tahun.<a href="#cite_note-lin2006-131">[117]</a> Orientasi (bukannya sudut) dari sumbu Bumi juga berubah dari waktu ke waktu, yang mengalami presesi di sekeliling lingkaran penuh setiap 25.800 tahun; presesi inilah yang menyebabkan perbedaan antara <a href="/wiki/Tahun_sideris" title="Tahun sideris">tahun sideris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tahun_tropis" title="Tahun tropis">tahun tropis</a>. Kedua gerakan ini disebabkan oleh adanya daya tarik yang beragam dari Matahari dan Bulan terhadap tonjolan khatulistiwa Bumi. Dari sudut pandang Bumi, kutub juga berpindah beberapa meter di sepanjang permukaan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_kutub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan kutub (halaman belum tersedia)">Gerakan kutub</a> ini memiliki beberapa komponen siklis, yang secara kolektif dikenal dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_kuasiperiodik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan kuasiperiodik (halaman belum tersedia)">gerakan kuasiperiodik</a>. Selain komponen tersebut, terdapat siklus 14 bulanan yang dinamakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_Chandler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan Chandler (halaman belum tersedia)">gerakan Chandler</a>. Kecepatan rotasi Bumi juga bervariasi, yang dikenal dengan fenomena variasi panjang hari.<a href="#cite_note-fisher19960205-132">[118]</a> Di zaman modern, <a href="/wiki/Perihelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion">perihelion</a> Bumi terjadi sekitar tanggal 3 Januari, dan <a href="/wiki/Aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelion">aphelion</a> pada tanggal 4 Juli. Tanggal ini akan berubah seiring waktu karena proses <a href="/wiki/Presesi" title="Presesi">presesi</a> dan faktor orbital lainnya, yang mengikuti pola siklus yang dikenal dengan <a href="/wiki/Siklus_Milankovitch" title="Siklus Milankovitch">siklus Milankovitch</a>. Perubahan jarak antara Bumi dan Matahari menyebabkan meningkatnya energi surya yang mencapai Bumi sebesar 6,9%.<a href="#cite_note-solar_energy-133">[catatan 15]</a> Karena belahan bumi selatan miring menghadap Matahari ketika Bumi mencapai jarak terdekatnya dengan Matahari, belahan selatan menerima energi surya yang lebih banyak jika dibandingkan dengan belahan utara selama setahun. Dampak fenomena ini jauh lebih besar daripada perubahan energi total yang disebabkan oleh kemiringan sumbu, dan sebagian besar kelebihan energi tersebut diserap oleh air dalam jumlah banyak di belahan selatan.<a href="#cite_note-williams20051230-134">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kelaikhunian">Kelaikhunian</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kelaikhunian_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelaikhunian planet">Kelaikhunian planet</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pingualuit_aerial_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pingualuit_aerial_2007.jpg/250px-Pingualuit_aerial_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pingualuit_aerial_2007.jpg/330px-Pingualuit_aerial_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pingualuit_aerial_2007.jpg/500px-Pingualuit_aerial_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Kawah tubrukan meteor, saat ini dipenuhi oleh air, menandai permukaan Bumi.</figcaption></figure> Sebuah planet yang bisa mendukung kehidupan disebut dengan planet laik huni, meskipun kehidupan tersebut tidak berasal dari sana. Bumi memiliki air–lingkungan tempat molekul organik kompleks merakit diri dan berinteraksi, dan memiliki energi yang cukup untuk mempertahankan <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ab2003-135">[120]</a> Jarak Bumi dari Matahari, eksentrisitas orbit, laju rotasi, kemiringan sumbu, sejarah <a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">geologi</a>, atmosfer, dan medan magnet pelindung merupakan faktor-faktor yang bersumbangsih terhadap kondisi iklim di permukaan Bumi saat ini.<a href="#cite_note-dole1970-136">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biosfer">Biosfer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">Biosfer</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:EilatFringingReef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/EilatFringingReef.jpg/250px-EilatFringingReef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/EilatFringingReef.jpg/330px-EilatFringingReef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/EilatFringingReef.jpg/500px-EilatFringingReef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Terumbu_karang" title="Terumbu karang">Terumbu karang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pantai" title="Pantai">pantai</a>.</figcaption></figure> Kehidupan Bumi secara keseluruhan membentuk <a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">biosfer</a>. Biosfer Bumi diperkirakan mulai <a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">berevolusi</a> sekitar 3,5 miliar tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20131003-97">[85]</a> Biosfer terbagi menjadi sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Bioma" title="Bioma">bioma</a>, yang dihuni oleh hewan dan tumbuhan sejenis. Di daratan, bioma dibagi menurut perbedaan lintang, <a href="/wiki/Ketinggian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketinggian">ketinggian dari permukaan laut</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kelembaban" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelembaban">kelembaban</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Bioma</a> kebumian membentang di <a href="/wiki/Lingkar_Antarktika" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingkar Antarktika">Lingkar Antarktika</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lingkar_Arktik" title="Lingkar Arktik">Arktik</a>, di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra_Alpen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tundra Alpen (halaman belum tersedia)">lintang tinggi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun">wilayah kering</a>, yang umumnya memiliki tumbuhan dan hewan yang jarang; <a href="/wiki/Keanekaragaman_hayati" title="Keanekaragaman hayati">keanekaragaman spesies</a> mencapai puncaknya di <a href="/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutan hujan tropis">dataran rendah di lintang khatulistiwa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-amnat163_2_192-137">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolusi_kehidupan">Evolusi kehidupan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_evolusi_kehidupan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejarah evolusi kehidupan">Sejarah evolusi kehidupan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:DNA_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/DNA_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="181" height="313" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>Model komputer beberapa <a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a>.</figcaption></figure> Peristiwa kimia yang sangat energik diperkirakan telah menciptakan sebuah molekul yang mampu mereplika dirinya sendiri sekitar 4 miliar tahun yang lalu. Setengah miliar tahun kemudian, <a href="/wiki/Leluhur_universal_terakhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Leluhur universal terakhir">nenek moyang pertama dari semua kehidupan muncul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sa282_6_90-138">[123]</a> Proses <a href="/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis">fotosintesis</a> menyebabkan energi surya bisa dinikmati secara langsung oleh bentuk kehidupan; oksigen yang dihasilkan melalui fotosintesis terkumpul di <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfer">atmosfer</a> dan membentuk <a href="/wiki/Lapisan_ozon" title="Lapisan ozon">lapisan ozon</a> (bentuk <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen molekul</a> [O3]) di atmosfer bagian atas.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20131003-97">[85]</a> Penggabungan sel-sel kecil di dalam <a href="/wiki/Sel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel">sel</a> yang lebih besar menyebabkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_endosimbiotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori endosimbiotis (halaman belum tersedia)">perkembangan sel-sel kompleks</a> yang disebut dengan <a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">eukariota</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jas22_3_225-139">[124]</a> Organisme multisel terbentuk sebagai sel di dalam <a href="/wiki/Koloni_(biologi)" title="Koloni (biologi)">koloni</a> khusus. Dengan diserapnya <a href="/wiki/Ultraungu" title="Ultraungu">radiasi ultraungu</a> berbahaya oleh lapisan <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozon</a>, kehidupan berkembang di permukaan Bumi.<a href="#cite_note-burton20021129-140">[125]</a> Bukti awal <a href="/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan">kehidupan di Bumi</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a> berusia 3,7 miliar tahun yang ditemukan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metasedimen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metasedimen (halaman belum tersedia)">batuan metasedimen</a> di <a href="/wiki/Greenland_Barat" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenland Barat">Greenland Barat</a><a href="#cite_note-NG-20131208-141">[126]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fosil" title="Fosil">fosil</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapisan_mikrob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapisan mikrob (halaman belum tersedia)">lapisan mikrob</a> berusia 3,48 miliar tahun yang ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Batu_pasir" title="Batu pasir">batu pasir</a> di <a href="/wiki/Australia_Barat" title="Australia Barat">Australia Barat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AP-20131113-142">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-AST-20131108-143">[128]</a> Sejak 1960-an, muncul hipotesis yang menitikberatkan peristiwa <a href="/wiki/Gletser" title="Gletser">glasial</a> yang terjadi antara 750 hingga 580 juta tahun yang lalu pada era <a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoikum" title="Neoproterozoikum">Neoproterozoikum</a>, ketika sebagian besar permukaan Bumi ditutupi oleh lapisan es. Hipotesis ini disebut dengan "<a href="/wiki/Bumi_Bola_Salju" title="Bumi Bola Salju">Bumi Bola Salju</a>", dan diperhitungkan karena terjadi sebelum <a href="/wiki/Ledakan_Kambrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledakan Kambrium">ledakan Kambrium</a>, saat bentuk <a href="/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan">kehidupan</a> multisel mulai berkembang biak.<a href="#cite_note-kirschvink1992-144">[129]</a> Setelah ledakan Kambrium sekitar 535 juta tahun yang lalu, terjadi lima <a href="/wiki/Kepunahan_massal" title="Kepunahan massal">peristiwa kepunahan massal besar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sci215_4539_1501-145">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peristiwa_kepunahan_Kapur%E2%80%93Paleogen" title="Peristiwa kepunahan Kapur–Paleogen">Peristiwa terakhir</a> terjadi 66 juta tahun yang lalu, saat hantaman asteroid mengakibatkan kepunahan <a href="/wiki/Dinosaurus" title="Dinosaurus">dinosaurus</a> dan reptil besar lainnya, tetapi beberapa hewan kecil seperti <a href="/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia">mamalia</a> pengerat berhasil selamat. Selama 66 juta tahun terakhir, kehidupan mamalia telah mengalami diversifikasi, dan beberapa juta tahun sebelumnya, primata seperti kera Afrika <a href="/wiki/Orrorin_tugenensis" title="Orrorin tugenensis">Orrorin tugenensis</a> mulai memiliki kemampuan untuk berdiri tegak.<a href="#cite_note-gould1994-146">[131]</a> Hal ini mendorong berkembangnya komunikasi dan memberikan nutrisi dan stimulan yang dibutuhkan bagi otak, yang memicu terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Evolusi_manusia" title="Evolusi manusia">evolusi umat manusia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_pertanian" title="Sejarah pertanian">Berkembangnya pertanian</a>, dan diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Peradaban" title="Peradaban">peradaban</a>, memungkinkan manusia untuk menguasai Bumi dalam waktu singkat karena tidak adanya bentuk kehidupan lain yang mendominasi Bumi.<a href="#cite_note-bgsa119_1_140-147">[132]</a> Hal ini turut memengaruhi sifat dan kuantitas bentuk kehidupan lainnya. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sumber_daya_alam_dan_pemanfaatan_lahan">Sumber daya alam dan pemanfaatan lahan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sumber_daya_alam" title="Sumber daya alam">Sumber daya alam</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pemanfaatan_lahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemanfaatan lahan">Pemanfaatan lahan</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em;"> <caption>Perkiraan pemanfaatan lahan oleh manusia, 2000<a href="#cite_note-Lambina2011-148">[133]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Pemanfaatan lahan </th> <th>Mha </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lahan pertanian </td> <td style="text-align:center">1.510–1.611 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Padang rumput </td> <td style="text-align:center">2.500–3.410 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hutan alam </td> <td style="text-align:center">3.143–3.871 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hutan ditanami </td> <td style="text-align:center">126–215 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kawasan perkotaan </td> <td style="text-align:center">66–351 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lahan produktif, tidak dimanfaatkan </td> <td style="text-align:center">356–445 </td></tr></tbody></table> Bumi menyediakan sumber daya yang digunakan oleh manusia untuk tujuan yang bermanfaat. Beberapa di antaranya adalah <a href="/wiki/Energi_tak_terbarukan" title="Energi tak terbarukan">sumber daya tak terbarukan</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bakar_fosil" title="Bahan bakar fosil">bahan bakar mineral</a>, yang sulit untuk ditambah atau diperbarui dalam waktu singkat. Sebagian besar bahan bakar fosil terkandung dalam kerak Bumi, yang terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Batu_bara" title="Batu bara">batu bara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi">minyak bumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gas_alam" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas alam">gas alam</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Metana_klarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Metana klarat">metana klarat</a>. Sumber daya ini dimanfaatkan oleh manusia untuk memproduksi energi atau sebagai bahan baku untuk memproduksi bahan-bahan kimia. Bijih mineral juga terbentuk di dalam kerak Bumi melalui proses <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genesis_bijih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genesis bijih (halaman belum tersedia)">genesis bijih</a>, yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas <a href="/wiki/Erosi" title="Erosi">erosi</a> dan tektonik lempeng.<a href="#cite_note-mnpl_utx2006-149">[134]</a> Mineral ini menjadi sumber konsentrasi bagi banyak <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> bernilaiguna lainnya. Biosfer Bumi memproduksi banyak produk-produk biologi yang bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Makanan" title="Makanan">makanan</a>, kayu, <a href="/wiki/Obat" title="Obat">obat-obatan</a>, oksigen, dan pendaurulangan limbah-limbah organik. <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">Ekosistem</a> darat bergantung pada humus dan air tawar, sedangkan ekosistem laut bergantung pada nutrisi terlarut yang diluruhkan dari darat.<a href="#cite_note-science299_5607_673-150">[135]</a> Pada tahun 1980, 5.053 <a href="/wiki/Hektar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hektar">Mha</a> lahan di permukaan Bumi terdiri dari hutan dan rimba, 6.788 Mha padang rumput dan lahan peternakan, dan sisanya 1.501 Mha dibudidayakan sebagai lahan pertanian.<a href="#cite_note-Turner1990-151">[136]</a> Jumlah lahan irigasi pada tahun 1993 diperkirakan 2.481.250 km2.<a href="#cite_note-cia-19">[14]</a> Manusia juga hidup di darat dengan memanfaatkan <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bangunan" title="Bahan bangunan">bahan bangunan</a> untuk membangun tempat tinggal. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bencana_alam_dan_lingkungan">Bencana alam dan lingkungan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Bencana_alam" title="Bencana alam">Bencana alam</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg/330px-MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg/500px-MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg/960px-MtCleveland_ISS013-E-24184.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi">Gunung berapi</a> menyemburkan awan panas ke atmosfer.</figcaption></figure> Sebagian besar wilayah di permukaan Bumi mengalami cuaca ekstrem seperti <a href="/wiki/Siklon" title="Siklon">siklon</a> tropis, <a href="/wiki/Badai" title="Badai">badai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hurikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurikan">hurikan</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Taifun" class="mw-redirect" title="Taifun">taifun</a> yang mengancam kehidupan di wilayah tersebut. Dari tahun 1980 sampai 2000, bencana-bencana tersebut telah mengakibatkan kematian setidaknya 11.800 jiwa per tahun.<a href="#cite_note-walsh2008-152">[137]</a> Akibat aktivitas Bumi atau tindakan manusia, banyak wilayah di permukaan Bumi yang dilanda oleh <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi">gempa bumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanah_longsor" title="Tanah longsor">tanah longsor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi">letusan gunung berapi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado">tornado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badai_salju" title="Badai salju">badai salju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banjir" title="Banjir">banjir</a>, kekeringan, kebakaran hutan, dan bencana alam lainnya. Akibat tindakan manusia, wilayah-wilayah tertentu di permukaan Bumi juga kerap mengalami <a href="/wiki/Polusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polusi">polusi</a> udara atau air, <a href="/wiki/Hujan_asam" title="Hujan asam">hujan asam</a> dan zat beracun, musnahnya vegetasi (<a href="/wiki/Deforestasi" title="Deforestasi">deforestasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desertifikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Desertifikasi">desertifikasi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kepunahan" title="Kepunahan">kepunahan spesies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Degradasi_dan_retrogesi_tanah" title="Degradasi dan retrogesi tanah">degradasi tanah</a>, penipisan tanah, erosi, dan pengenalan <a href="/wiki/Spesies_invasif" title="Spesies invasif">spesies invasif</a>. Menurut <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>, konsensus ilmiah saat ini mengaitkan aktivitas manusia dengan <a href="/wiki/Pemanasan_global" title="Pemanasan global">pemanasan global</a> akibat emisi karbon dioksida industri. Fenomena ini diperkirakan akan menyebabkan perubahan seperti mencairnya <a href="/wiki/Gletser" title="Gletser">gletser</a> dan lapisan es, suhu menjadi lebih ekstrem, perubahan cuaca, dan <a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_permukaan_laut" title="Kenaikan permukaan laut">naiknya permukaan laut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-un20070202-153">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persebaran_manusia">Persebaran manusia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Geografi_manusia" title="Geografi manusia">Geografi manusia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia">Dunia</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26810368/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:324px;max-width:324px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Continents_vide_couleurs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Continents_vide_couleurs.png/320px-Continents_vide_couleurs.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Continents_vide_couleurs.png/480px-Continents_vide_couleurs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Continents_vide_couleurs.png/640px-Continents_vide_couleurs.png 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="755" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Tujuh <a href="/wiki/Benua" title="Benua">benua</a> di Bumi:<a href="#cite_note-NatlGeo-154">[139]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" />  <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Utara" title="Amerika Utara">Amerika Utara</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" />  <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Selatan" title="Amerika Selatan">Amerika Selatan</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" />  <a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktika</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" />  <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" />  <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" />  <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607" />  <a href="/wiki/Australia_(benua)" title="Australia (benua)">Australia</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP,_1994-1995_(large).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg/330px-Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg/500px-Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg/960px-Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bumi di malam hari pada tahun 2000, yang menggabungkan data iluminasi dari <a href="/wiki/Defense_Meteorological_Satellite_Program" title="Defense Meteorological Satellite Program">DMSP</a>/OLS. Terlihat lampu-lampu kota bersinar di berbagai benua.</div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Kartografi" title="Kartografi">Kartografi</a>, atau ilmu dan praktik pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Peta" title="Peta">peta</a>, serta cabang <a href="/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi">geografi</a> terapan lainnya, secara historis telah menjadi disiplin ilmu yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan Bumi. <a href="/wiki/Survei" class="mw-redirect" title="Survei">Survei</a> (penentuan lokasi dan jarak) dan <a href="/wiki/Navigasi" title="Navigasi">navigasi</a> (penentuan posisi dan arah) berkembang sejalan dengan kartografi dan geografi, yang mampu menyediakan dan mengukur kesesuaian informasi yang diperlukan mengenai Bumi. <a href="/wiki/Penghuni_Bumi" title="Penghuni Bumi">Penduduk Bumi</a> telah mencapai angka 7 miliar pada tanggal 31 Oktober 2011.<a href="#cite_note-155">[140]</a> Populasi manusia global diperkirakan akan mencapai 9,2 miliar pada tahun 2050.<a href="#cite_note-un2006-156">[141]</a> Pertumbuhan penduduk ini diperkirakan terjadi di <a href="/wiki/Negara_berkembang" title="Negara berkembang">negara berkembang</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan_penduduk" title="Kepadatan penduduk">Kepadatan penduduk</a> sangat beragam di seluruh dunia, dengan sebagian besar penduduk dunia berada di <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. Pada tahun 2020, 60% penduduk dunia diperkirakan tinggal di kawasan <a href="/wiki/Perkotaan" title="Perkotaan">perkotaan</a>, bukannya di <a href="/wiki/Desa" title="Desa">perdesaan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-prb2007-157">[142]</a> Dari keseluruhan permukaan Bumi, hanya seperdelapan yang bisa dihuni oleh manusia, sedangkan tiga perempatnya diselimuti oleh lautan, dan selebihnya merupakan wilayah gurun (14%),<a href="#cite_note-hessd4_439-158">[143]</a> pegunungan tinggi (27%),<a href="#cite_note-biodiv-159">[144]</a> dan relief lainnya yang tidak laik huni. Permukiman permanen paling utara di Bumi adalah <a href="/wiki/Alert,_Nunavut" title="Alert, Nunavut">Alert</a> di <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, Kanada (82°28′LU).<a href="#cite_note-cfsa2006-160">[145]</a> Sedangkan permukiman yang terletak paling selatan adalah <a href="/wiki/Stasiun_Kutub_Selatan_Amundsen-Scott" title="Stasiun Kutub Selatan Amundsen-Scott">Stasiun Kutub Selatan Amundsen-Scott</a> di <a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktika</a> (90°LS). <a href="/wiki/Negara_berdaulat" title="Negara berdaulat">Negara berdaulat</a> merdeka menguasai seluruh permukaan darat Bumi, kecuali beberapa wilayah di Antarktika dan <a href="/wiki/Terra_nullius" title="Terra nullius">wilayah tanpa klaim</a> <a href="/wiki/Bir_Tawil" title="Bir Tawil">Bir Tawil</a> di perbatasan Mesir dan Sudan. Hingga tahun 2013, terdapat <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_berdaulat" title="Daftar negara berdaulat">206 negara berdaulat</a>, termasuk 193 <a href="/wiki/Negara_anggota_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>. Selain itu, terdapat 59 <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_dependensi" title="Wilayah dependensi">wilayah dependensi</a>, dan sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Daftar_wilayah_otonom_menurut_negara" title="Daftar wilayah otonom menurut negara">wilayah otonom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persengketaan_wilayah" title="Persengketaan wilayah">wilayah yang dipersengketakan</a>, dan entitas lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-cia-19">[14]</a> Sepanjang sejarahnya, Bumi tidak pernah memiliki pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Kedaulatan" title="Kedaulatan">berdaulat</a> yang memiliki kewenangan atas seluruh dunia, meskipun beberapa negara berupaya untuk <a href="/wiki/Hiperkuasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiperkuasa">mendominasi dunia</a> dan gagal.<a href="#cite_note-kennedy1989-161">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> (PBB) adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_internasional" title="Organisasi internasional">organisasi antarpemerintah</a> di seluruh dunia yang bertujuan untuk menjadi penengah dalam persengketaan antarnegara, sehingga terhindar dari konflik bersenjata.<a href="#cite_note-uncharter-162">[147]</a> PBB terutama sekali berfungsi sebagai forum bagi diplomasi internasional dan <a href="/wiki/Hukum_internasional" title="Hukum internasional">hukum internasional</a>. Ketika konsensus keanggotaan memperbolehkan, maka akan disepakati mekanisme untuk melakukan intervensi militer.<a href="#cite_note-un_int_law-163">[148]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:AS08-13-2329.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/AS08-13-2329.jpg/250px-AS08-13-2329.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/AS08-13-2329.jpg/330px-AS08-13-2329.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/AS08-13-2329.jpg/500px-AS08-13-2329.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2457" data-file-height="2411" /></a><figcaption>Foto pertama Bumi yang dipotret oleh astronaut dari <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a>.</figcaption></figure> Manusia pertama yang mengorbit Bumi adalah <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a> pada tanggal 12 April 1961.<a href="#cite_note-kuhn2006-164">[149]</a> Secara keseluruhan, hingga 30 Juli 2010, sekitar 487 orang telah mengunjungi <a href="/wiki/Luar_angkasa" title="Luar angkasa">luar angkasa</a> dan mencapai orbit Bumi, dan <a href="/wiki/Program_Apollo" title="Program Apollo">dua belas</a> di antaranya telah menginjakkan kaki di permukaan Bulan.<a href="#cite_note-ellis2004-165">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-shayler_vis2005-166">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-wade2008-167">[152]</a> Keberadaan manusia di luar angkasa hanya terdapat di <a href="/wiki/Stasiun_Luar_Angkasa_Internasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional">Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional</a>. Awak stasiun, saat ini berjumlah enam orang, akan diganti setiap enam bulan sekali.<a href="#cite_note-nasa_rg_iss2007-168">[153]</a> Perjalanan terjauh yang dilakukan oleh manusia dari Bumi adalah sejauh 400.171 km, yang ditempuh dalam misi <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a> pada tahun 1970.<a href="#cite_note-cramb2007-169">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sudut_pandang_sejarah_dan_budaya">Sudut pandang sejarah dan budaya</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bumi_dalam_budaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bumi dalam budaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Bumi dalam budaya</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="🜨"><img alt="🜨" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/48px-Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/72px-Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/96px-Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption>🜨</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Simbol_astronomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbol astronomi">Simbol astronomi</a> standar Bumi berbentuk palang yang dikelilingi oleh sebuah lingkaran.<a href="#cite_note-liungman2004-170">[155]</a> Tidak seperti planet lainnya di Tata Surya, sebelum abad ke-16, manusia tidak menganggap Bumi sebagai objek bergerak yang mengelilingi Matahari pada orbitnya.<a href="#cite_note-arnett20060716-171">[156]</a> Bumi sering kali diumpamakan sebagai dewa atau dewi. Dalam banyak budaya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewi_semesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewi semesta (halaman belum tersedia)">dewi semesta</a> juga dilambangkan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Dewa_kesuburan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewa kesuburan">dewa kesuburan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mitos_penciptaan" title="Mitos penciptaan">Mitos penciptaan</a> dalam sudut pandang berbagai agama menjelaskan bahwa Bumi diciptakan oleh Tuhan atau dewa. Sejumlah agama, terutama <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalisme" title="Fundamentalisme">kaum fundamental</a> Protestan<a href="#cite_note-Dutch2002-172">[157]</a> atau Islam,<a href="#cite_note-edis2003-173">[158]</a> menyatakan bahwa kisah penciptaan Bumi dan asal usul kehidupan dalam <a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci" title="Kitab suci">kitab suci</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_penciptaan" title="Ilmu penciptaan">kebenaran hakiki</a> dan harus dipertimbangkan untuk menggantikan teori ilmiah .<a href="#cite_note-jge53_3_319-174">[159]</a> Pernyataan tersebut ditentang oleh kalangan ilmiah<a href="#cite_note-arghg4_143-175">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-sec_nap2008-176">[161]</a> dan oleh kelompok keagamaan lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-jrst43_4_419-177">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-frye1983-178">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-nathist106_2_16-179">[164]</a> Perdebatan yang cukup menonjol adalah <a href="/wiki/Kontroversi_penciptaan_evolusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontroversi penciptaan evolusi">kontroversi penciptaan evolusi</a>. Pada masa lalu, terdapat anggapan yang meyakini bahwa <a href="/wiki/Bumi_datar" title="Bumi datar">Bumi itu datar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-russell1997-180">[165]</a> namun anggapan ini digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Bumi_bulat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumi bulat">Bumi bulat</a>, konsep yang diperkenalkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a> (abad ke-6 SM).<a href="#cite_note-jacobs19980201-181">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/Budaya" title="Budaya">Kebudayaan manusia</a> telah mengembangkan berbagai pandangan mengenai Bumi, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Antropomorfisme" title="Antropomorfisme">perumpamaan</a> sebagai dewa planet, bentuknya yang datar, posisinya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Model_geosentris" class="mw-redirect" title="Model geosentris">pusat alam semesta</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_Gaia" title="Hipotesis Gaia">Prinsip Gaia</a> pada zaman modern, yang menyatakan bahwa Bumi adalah organisme tunggal yang mampu mengatur dirinya sendiri. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kronologi">Kronologi</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembentukan">Pembentukan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Bumi" title="Sejarah Bumi">Sejarah Bumi</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:NASA-JPL-Caltech_-_Double_the_Rubble_(PIA11375)_(pd).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NASA-JPL-Caltech_-_Double_the_Rubble_%28PIA11375%29_%28pd%29.jpg/330px-NASA-JPL-Caltech_-_Double_the_Rubble_%28PIA11375%29_%28pd%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="251" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NASA-JPL-Caltech_-_Double_the_Rubble_%28PIA11375%29_%28pd%29.jpg/500px-NASA-JPL-Caltech_-_Double_the_Rubble_%28PIA11375%29_%28pd%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NASA-JPL-Caltech_-_Double_the_Rubble_%28PIA11375%29_%28pd%29.jpg/960px-NASA-JPL-Caltech_-_Double_the_Rubble_%28PIA11375%29_%28pd%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Lukisan mengenai kelahiran Tata Surya.</figcaption></figure> Material paling awal yang ditemukan di Tata Surya berusia 4,5672±0,0006 <a href="/wiki/Annum" title="Annum">Ga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bowring_housch1995-182">[167]</a> Dengan demikian, Bumi diperkirakan terbentuk akibat <a href="/wiki/Akresi_(astrofisika)" title="Akresi (astrofisika)">akresi</a> yang terjadi pada masa itu. Sekitar 4,54±0,04 miliar tahun yang lalu,<a href="#cite_note-age_earth1-30">[24]</a> Bumi primordial diperkirakan telah terbentuk. <a href="/wiki/Pembentukan_dan_evolusi_Tata_Surya" title="Pembentukan dan evolusi Tata Surya">Pembentukan dan evolusi Tata Surya</a> terjadi bersamaan dengan Matahari. Secara teori, <a href="/wiki/Nebula_surya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebula surya">nebula surya</a> memisahkan volume <a href="/wiki/Awan_molekul" title="Awan molekul">awan molekul</a> akibat keruntuhan gravitasi, yang mulai berputar dan berpencar di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cakram_sirkumstelar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cakram sirkumstelar (halaman belum tersedia)">cakram sirkumstelar</a>, dan kemudian planet-planet terbentuk bersamaan dengan bintang. Nebula mengandung gas, serat es, dan <a href="/wiki/Debu_kosmis" class="mw-redirect" title="Debu kosmis">debu</a> (termasuk <a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">nuklida primordial</a>). Menurut <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_nebula" title="Hipotesis nebula">teori nebula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetesimal">planetesimal</a> mulai terbentuk sebagai <a href="/wiki/Material_butiran" title="Material butiran">partikulat</a> akibat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohesi_(geologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohesi (geologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">penggumpalan kohesif</a> dan gravitasi. Proses pembentukan Bumi primordial terus berlanjut selama 10–20 <a href="/wiki/Annum" title="Annum">Ma</a> kemudian.<a href="#cite_note-nature418_6901_949-183">[168]</a> Bulan terbentuk tak lama sesudah pembentukan Bumi, sekitar 4,53 miliar tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-science310_5754_1671-184">[169]</a> Pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a> masih diperdebatkan oleh para ilmuwan. Hipotesis yang disepakati menjelaskan bahwa Bulan terbentuk akibat <a href="/wiki/Akresi_(astrofisika)" title="Akresi (astrofisika)">akresi</a> materi yang terlepas dari Bumi setelah objek seukuran Mars bernama <a href="/wiki/Theia_(planet)" title="Theia (planet)">Theia</a> <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_tubrukan_besar" title="Hipotesis tubrukan besar">bertubrukan</a> dengan Bumi.<a href="#cite_note-reilly20091022-185">[170]</a> Meskipun demikian, hipotesis ini dianggap tidak konsisten. Menurut hipotesis ini, massa Theia adalah 10% dari massa Bumi,<a href="#cite_note-canup_asphaug2001a-186">[171]</a> yang bertubrukan dengan Bumi dalam tabrakan sekilas,<a href="#cite_note-canup_asphaug2001b-187">[172]</a> dan sebagian massa Theia menyatu dengan Bumi. Sekitar 3,8 dan 4,1 miliar tahun yang lalu, hantaman sejumlah besar <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> menyebabkan perubahan besar pada lingkungan permukaan Bulan yang berlubang-lubang dan lebih besar dari permukaan Bumi. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sejarah_geologi">Sejarah geologi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_geologi_Bumi" title="Sejarah geologi Bumi">Sejarah geologi Bumi</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pangea_animation_03.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Pangea_animation_03.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>Animasi pemisahan <a href="/wiki/Pangaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangaea">Pangaea</a>.</figcaption></figure> Lautan dan atmosfer Bumi terbentuk akibat aktivitas <a href="/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi">vulkanis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pelepasan_gas" title="Pelepasan gas">pelepasan gas</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">uap air</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asal_usul_air_di_Bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Asal usul air di Bumi">Lautan terbentuk</a> karena proses kondensasi yang dipadukan dengan penambahan es dan air yang dibawa oleh <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protoplanet" title="Protoplanet">protoplanet</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">komet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-watersource-188">[173]</a> Menurut <a href="/wiki/Paradoks_Matahari_muda_yang_redup" title="Paradoks Matahari muda yang redup">hipotesis saat ini</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Gas_rumah_kaca" title="Gas rumah kaca">gas rumah kaca</a>" atmosferik menjaga agar lautan tidak membeku saat Matahari hanya memiliki tingkat <a href="/wiki/Luminositas_matahari" class="mw-redirect" title="Luminositas matahari">luminositas</a> sebesar 70%.<a href="#cite_note-asp2002-189">[174]</a> 3,5 miliar tahun yang lalu, medan magnet Bumi terbentuk, yang melindungi atmosfer dari serangan <a href="/wiki/Angin_surya" title="Angin surya">angin surya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-physorg20100304-190">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerak_(geologi)" title="Kerak (geologi)">Kerak</a> terbentuk saat lapisan luar Bumi yang cair <a href="/wiki/Perubahan_wujud_zat" title="Perubahan wujud zat">berubah bentuk</a> menjadi padat akibat pendinginan setelah uap air mulai terkumpul di atmosfer. Hipotesis lainnya<a href="#cite_note-williams_santosh2004-191">[176]</a> menjelaskan bahwa massa daratan telah stabil seperti saat ini,<a href="#cite_note-science164_1229-192">[177]</a> atau mengalami pertumbuhan yang cepat<a href="#cite_note-tp322_19-193">[178]</a> pada awal <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Bumi" title="Sejarah Bumi">sejarah Bumi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-rg6_175-194">[179]</a> yang diikuti oleh penstabilan wilayah benua dalam jangka panjang.<a href="#cite_note-science310_5756_1947-195">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-jaes23_799-196">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-ajes38_613-197">[182]</a> Benua terbentuk akibat <a href="/wiki/Tektonik_lempeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Tektonik lempeng">tektonik lempeng</a>, proses yang secara berkelanjutan menyebabkan berkurangnya panas pada interior Bumi. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Skala_waktu_geologi" title="Skala waktu geologi">skala waktu</a> yang berlangsung selama ratusan juta tahun, superbenua telah terbentuk dan terbelah sebanyak tiga kali. Sekitar 750 juta tahun yang lalu, salah satu superbenua paling awal yang diketahui, <a href="/wiki/Rodinia" title="Rodinia">Rodinia</a>, mulai terpisah. Benua yang terpisah kemudian membentuk <a href="/wiki/Pannotia" title="Pannotia">Pannotia</a> (600-540 juta tahun yang lalu) dan <a href="/wiki/Pangaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangaea">Pangaea</a>, yang juga terpecah pada 180 juta tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-as92_324-198">[183]</a> Periode <a href="/wiki/Zaman_es" title="Zaman es">zaman es</a> dimulai sekitar 40 juta tahun yang lalu, dan kemudian meluas pada masa <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen">Pleistosen</a> sekitar 3 juta tahun yang lalu. Wilayah yang terletak pada <a href="/wiki/Lintang" class="mw-disambig" title="Lintang">lintang</a> tinggi telah mengalami siklus glasiasi dan pencairan es berkali-kali, yang berulang setiap 40-100.000 tahun. Glasiasi benua terakhir terjadi 10.000 tahun yang lalu<a href="#cite_note-psc-199">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masa_depan">Masa depan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Masa_depan_Bumi" title="Masa depan Bumi">Masa depan Bumi</a></div> Perkiraan mengenai berapa lama lagi Bumi sanggup menopang kehidupan berkisar dari 500 juta tahun hingga 2,3 miliar tahun dari sekarang.<a href="#cite_note-britt2000-200">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-carrington-201">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-pnas1_24_9576-202">[187]</a> Masa depan Bumi berkaitan erat dengan Matahari. Akibat penumpukan <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> di inti Matahari, <a href="/wiki/Luminositas_matahari" class="mw-redirect" title="Luminositas matahari">luminositas total Matahari</a> akan meningkat secara perlahan. Luminositas Matahari akan meningkat sebesar 10% dalam waktu 1,1 miliar tahun ke depan dan 40% dalam waktu 3,5 miliar tahun.<a href="#cite_note-sun_future-203">[188]</a> Peningkatan <a href="/wiki/Radiasi" title="Radiasi">radiasi</a> yang mencapai Bumi cenderung memiliki dampak yang mengerikan, termasuk menghilangnya lautan di planet ini.<a href="#cite_note-icarus74_472-204">[189]</a> Meningkatnya suhu di permukaan Bumi akan mempercepat <a href="/wiki/Siklus_karbon" title="Siklus karbon">siklus CO2</a> <a href="/wiki/Anorganik" class="mw-redirect" title="Anorganik">anorganik</a>, mengurangi konsentrasi yang akan menyebabkan kematian tanaman di Bumi (10 ppm untuk <a href="/wiki/Fiksasi_karbon_C4" title="Fiksasi karbon C4">fotosintesis C4</a>), yang diperkirakan terjadi pada 500-900 juta tahun ke depan.<a href="#cite_note-britt2000-200">[185]</a> Kurangnya vegetasi akan menyebabkan ketiadaan oksigen di atmosfer, sehingga hewan akan <a href="/wiki/Kepunahan" title="Kepunahan">punah</a> dalam beberapa juta tahun lagi.<a href="#cite_note-ward_brownlee2002-205">[190]</a> Miliaran tahun kemudian, semua air di permukaan Bumi akan habis<a href="#cite_note-carrington-201">[186]</a> dan suhu global akan mencapai 70 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a> (158 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ward_brownlee2002-205">[190]</a> Bumi diperkirakan efektif untuk dihuni dalam waktu 500 juta tahun dari sekarang,<a href="#cite_note-britt2000-200">[185]</a> namun jangka huni ini mungkin bisa diperpanjang hingga 2,3 miliar tahun jika <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> di atmosfer habis.<a href="#cite_note-pnas1_24_9576-202">[187]</a> Bahkan jika Matahari tetap ada dan stabil, 27% air di samudra akan turun ke <a href="/wiki/Mantel_(geologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantel (geologi)">mantel</a> Bumi dalam waktu satu miliar tahun lagi akibat berkurangnya ventilasi uap di <a href="/wiki/Punggung_tengah_samudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Punggung tengah samudra">punggung tengah samudra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hess5_4_569-206">[191]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Solar_Life_Cycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="14 billion year timeline showing Sun's present age at 4,6 byr; from 6 byr Sun gradually warming, becoming a red dwarf at 10 byr, "soon" followed by its transformation into a white dwarf star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Solar_Life_Cycle.svg/700px-Solar_Life_Cycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Solar_Life_Cycle.svg/1050px-Solar_Life_Cycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Solar_Life_Cycle.svg/1400px-Solar_Life_Cycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="180" /></a><figcaption>Siklus hidup Matahari</figcaption></figure> Matahari akan <a href="/wiki/Evolusi_bintang" title="Evolusi bintang">berevolusi</a> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Raksasa_merah" title="Raksasa merah">raksasa merah</a> sekitar 5 miliar tahun lagi. Radius Matahari diperkirakan akan lebih luas 250 kali dari radius sekarang, atau sekitar 1 <a href="/wiki/Satuan_astronomi" title="Satuan astronomi">SA</a> (150 juta km).<a href="#cite_note-sun_future-203">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-sun_future_schroder-207">[192]</a> Sedangkan nasib Bumi masih belum jelas. Sebagai raksasa merah, Matahari akan kehilangan massa sekitar 30%. Akibatnya, tidak ada efek pasang surut, dan orbit Bumi akan berpindah 1,7 SA (250 juta km) dari Matahari saat bintang raksasa tersebut mencapai radius maksimum. Bumi diperkirakan akan melindungi dirinya dengan cara memperluas atmosfer luarnya. Meskipun demikian, kehidupan di Bumi tetap akan punah akibat meningkatnya tingkat luminositas Matahari (dengan tingkat luminositas 5.000 kali lebih besar dari sekarang).<a href="#cite_note-sun_future-203">[188]</a> Penelitian pada tahun 2008 menunjukkan bahwa orbit Bumi akan rusak karena <a href="/wiki/Akselerasi_pasang_surut" class="mw-redirect" title="Akselerasi pasang surut">efek pasang surut</a> dan daya tarik Matahari, sehingga Bumi akan memasuki atmosfer Matahari dan menguap akibat panas.<a href="#cite_note-sun_future_schroder-207">[192]</a> Setelah peristiwa ini terjadi, inti Matahari akan luruh menjadi <a href="/wiki/Katai_putih" title="Katai putih">katai putih</a> dan lapisan luarnya dimuntahkan ke angkasa menjadi <a href="/wiki/Nebula_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebula planet">nebula planet</a>. Materi Bumi di dalam Matahari akan dilepaskan ke angkasa antarbintang, yang di kemudian hari mungkin akan membentuk planet generasi baru dan benda langit lainnya. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bulan">Bulan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;"> <caption>Karakteristik </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Diameter</td> <td>3.474,8 km </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massa</td> <td>7,349×1022 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sumbu_semimayor" title="Sumbu semimayor">Sumbu semimayor</a></td> <td>384.400 km </td></tr> <tr> <td>Periode orbit</td> <td>27 d 7 h 43,7 m </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth-Moon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Earth-Moon.svg/250px-Earth-Moon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Earth-Moon.svg/500px-Earth-Moon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Rincian sistem Bumi-Bulan. Foto dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_set.php?categoryID=2363">NASA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111101215702/http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_set.php?categoryID=2363">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-11-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Data dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html">NASA</a>. Sumbu Bulan ditentukan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Cassini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Cassini (halaman belum tersedia)">hukum ketiga Cassini</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:FullMoon2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FullMoon2010.jpg/250px-FullMoon2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FullMoon2010.jpg/330px-FullMoon2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FullMoon2010.jpg/500px-FullMoon2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2580" data-file-height="2452" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bulan_purnama" title="Bulan purnama">Bulan purnama</a> dilihat dari <a href="/wiki/Belahan_utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Belahan utara">belahan bumi utara</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Satelit" title="Satelit">satelit</a> mirip planet besar dengan sifat <a href="/wiki/Planet_kebumian" title="Planet kebumian">kebumian</a>, yang berdiameter sekitar seperempat dari diameter Bumi dan merupakan satelit alami terbesar dalam Tata Surya menurut ukuran relatif planet, meskipun <a href="/wiki/Charon_(bulan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charon (bulan)">Charon</a> lebih besar untuk ukuran <a href="/wiki/Planet_katai" title="Planet katai">planet katai</a> <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>. Satelit alami yang mengorbit planet lainnya juga dinamakan "bulan", sesuai dengan nama satelit Bumi. Daya tarik <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi">gravitasi</a> antara Bumi dengan Bulan menyebabkan terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Pasang_laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasang laut">pasang surut</a> di Bumi, sedangkan Bulan mengalami <a href="/wiki/Penguncian_pasang_surut" title="Penguncian pasang surut">penguncian pasang surut</a> akibat fenomena yang sama; periode rotasinya sama dengan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengorbit Bumi. Oleh sebab itu, Bulan selalu memperlihatkan sisi yang sama ke Bumi. Karena Bulan mengorbit Bumi, sisi Bulan yang menghadap Bumi disinari oleh Matahari, yang menyebabkan terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Fase_bulan" title="Fase bulan">fase bulan</a>; sisi Bulan yang gelap tidak menerima cahaya karena terhalang oleh <a href="/wiki/Terminator_surya" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminator surya">terminator surya</a>. Karena interaksi <a href="/wiki/Pasang_laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasang laut">pasang surut</a> antara Bulan dan Bumi, Bulan surut dari Bumi dengan jarak sekitar 38 mm per tahun. Selama jutaan tahun terakhir, fenomena ini telah menyebabkan perubahan besar pada lama hari di Bumi.<a href="#cite_note-espenak_meeus20070207-208">[193]</a> Pada era <a href="/wiki/Devonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> (sekitar 410 juta tahun yang lalu), satu hari berlangsung selama 21,8 jam. Selain itu, lama hari di Bumi juga meningkat kurang lebih 23 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrosekon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrosekon (halaman belum tersedia)">µs</a> per tahun.<a href="#cite_note-hannu_poropudas19911216-209">[194]</a> Bulan diperkirakan telah memengaruhi perkembangan kehidupan dengan cara memoderasi iklim di Bumi. Bukti <a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">paleontologi</a> dan simulasi komputer menunjukkan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Kemiringan_sumbu" title="Kemiringan sumbu">kemiringan sumbu</a> Bumi distabilkan oleh interaksi pasang surut dengan Bulan.<a href="#cite_note-aaa428_261-210">[195]</a> Beberapa pakar meyakini bahwa tanpa penstabilan <a href="/wiki/Torsi" title="Torsi">torsi</a> yang dilakukan oleh Matahari dan planet lainnya terhadap tonjolan khatulistiwa Bumi, sumbu rotasi mungkin akan kacau dan tidak stabil selama jutaan tahun, seperti yang terjadi pada <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nature410_6830_773-211">[196]</a> Jika dilihat dari Bumi, ukuran Bulan tampaknya tidak lebih besar dari ukuran Matahari. <a href="/wiki/Diameter_sudut" title="Diameter sudut">Diameter sudut</a> (atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudut_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudut padat (halaman belum tersedia)">sudut padat</a>) kedua objek ini sama karena perbedaan jarak antara Matahari dan Bulan dari Bumi; meskipun diameter Matahari 400 kali lebih besar dari diameter Bulan, jarak antara keduanya juga 400 kali lebih jauh.<a href="#cite_note-angular-124">[111]</a> Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Gerhana_matahari" title="Gerhana matahari">gerhana matahari</a> total dan cincin di Bumi. Teori mengenai asal usul Bulan yang paling diterima secara luas, yakni <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_tubrukan_besar" title="Hipotesis tubrukan besar">teori tubrukan besar</a>, menjelaskan bahwa Bulan terbentuk akibat pelepasan materi yang terjadi setelah tubrukan antara <a href="/wiki/Protoplanet" title="Protoplanet">protoplanet</a> seukuran Mars bernama <a href="/wiki/Theia_(planet)" title="Theia (planet)">Theia</a> dengan Bumi. Hipotesis ini antara lain menjelaskan bahwa komposisi Bulan hampir identik dengan kerak Bumi karena terdapatnya kandungan besi dan volatil dalam jumlah kecil di Bulan.<a href="#cite_note-nature412_708-212">[197]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth_Moon_Scale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth_Moon_Scale.jpg/800px-Earth_Moon_Scale.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth_Moon_Scale.jpg/1200px-Earth_Moon_Scale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth_Moon_Scale.jpg/1600px-Earth_Moon_Scale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4012" data-file-height="174" /></a><figcaption>Skala perbandingan relatif ukuran dan jarak rata-rata antara Bulan dan Bumi.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asteroid_dan_satelit_buatan">Asteroid dan satelit buatan</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:STS-130_Endeavour_flyaround_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/STS-130_Endeavour_flyaround_5.jpg/220px-STS-130_Endeavour_flyaround_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/STS-130_Endeavour_flyaround_5.jpg/330px-STS-130_Endeavour_flyaround_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/STS-130_Endeavour_flyaround_5.jpg/440px-STS-130_Endeavour_flyaround_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stasiun_Luar_Angkasa_Internasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional">Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional</a> adalah salah satu satelit buatan yang mengorbit Bumi.</figcaption></figure> Bumi setidaknya memiliki lima <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satelit_Quasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satelit Quasi (halaman belum tersedia)">asteroid orbital</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/3753_Cruithne" title="3753 Cruithne">3753 Cruithne</a> dan <a href="/wiki/2002_AA29" title="2002 AA29">2002 AA29</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse20021021-213">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-christou_asher2011-214">[199]</a> Sebuah <a href="/wiki/Troya_(astronomi)" title="Troya (astronomi)">asteroid troya</a> pendamping bernama <a href="/wiki/2010_TK7" title="2010 TK7">2010 TK7</a> menyeimbangkan diri di <a href="/wiki/Titik_Lagrange" title="Titik Lagrange">segitiga Lagrange</a>, L4, pada <a href="/wiki/Orbit_Bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbit Bumi">orbit Bumi</a> mengelilingi <a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">Matahari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Connors-215">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-Choi-216">[201]</a> Hingga tahun 2011, terdapat 931 satelit operasional buatan manusia yang mengorbit Bumi.<a href="#cite_note-ucs-217">[202]</a> Selain itu, terdapat banyak satelit bekas pakai tidak berfungsi dan lebih dari 300.000 kepingan <a href="/wiki/Sampah_angkasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampah angkasa">sampah angkasa</a>. Satelit buatan terbesar Bumi adalah <a href="/wiki/Stasiun_Luar_Angkasa_Internasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional">Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Choi-216">[201]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perbandingan">Perbandingan</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18818779">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em 1.6em;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em 1.6em;text-align:right;font-size:80%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid #eaecf0 1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:#fff!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Terrestrial_planets_size_comparison.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Perbandingan ukuran Merkurius, Venus, Bumi, dan Mars."><img alt="Perbandingan ukuran Merkurius, Venus, Bumi, dan Mars." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Terrestrial_planets_size_comparison.png/330px-Terrestrial_planets_size_comparison.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Terrestrial_planets_size_comparison.png/500px-Terrestrial_planets_size_comparison.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Terrestrial_planets_size_comparison.png/960px-Terrestrial_planets_size_comparison.png 2x" data-file-width="1496" data-file-height="650" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Perbandingan ukuran <a href="/wiki/Merkurius" title="Merkurius">Merkurius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>, Bumi, dan <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perbandingan ukuran Kepulauan Britania dengan bulan Saturnus."><img alt="Perbandingan ukuran Kepulauan Britania dengan bulan Saturnus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg/250px-Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg/330px-Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg/500px-Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="649" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Perbandingan ukuran <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Britania" title="Kepulauan Britania">Kepulauan Britania</a> dengan bulan <a href="/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus">Saturnus</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:PIA17046_-_Voyager_1_Goes_Interstellar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Letak Bumi dalam skala logaritma dari kiri ke kanan."><img alt="Letak Bumi dalam skala logaritma dari kiri ke kanan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/PIA17046_-_Voyager_1_Goes_Interstellar.jpg/330px-PIA17046_-_Voyager_1_Goes_Interstellar.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/PIA17046_-_Voyager_1_Goes_Interstellar.jpg/500px-PIA17046_-_Voyager_1_Goes_Interstellar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/PIA17046_-_Voyager_1_Goes_Interstellar.jpg/960px-PIA17046_-_Voyager_1_Goes_Interstellar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5432" data-file-height="3025" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Letak Bumi dalam skala <a href="/wiki/Logaritma" title="Logaritma">logaritma</a> dari kiri ke kanan.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27104152">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #333;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="Book icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/40px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Buku/Bumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Buku/Bumi (halaman belum tersedia)">Buku: Bumi</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Buku/Tata_Surya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Buku/Tata Surya (halaman belum tersedia)">Buku: Tata Surya</a></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Books">Buku Wikipedia</a> adalah koleksi artikel yang bisa diunduh atau dipesan dalam bentuk cetak.</div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_dan_penjelajahan_Tata_Surya" title="Penemuan dan penjelajahan Tata Surya">Penemuan dan penjelajahan Tata Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">Matahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia">Dunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumi_super" title="Bumi super">Bumi super</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Terra-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Terra_1-0">^</a> Oleh <a href="/wiki/Persatuan_Astronomi_Internasional" title="Persatuan Astronomi Internasional">Persatuan Astronomi Internasional</a>, istilah terra hanya digunakan untuk menamai benda langit dengan massa luas selain Bumi. Cf. <cite class="citation web">Blue, Jennifer (2007-07-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/append5.jsp">"Descriptor Terms (Feature Types)"</a>. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS. Diakses tanggal 2007-07-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gazetteer+of+Planetary+Nomenclature&rft.atitle=Descriptor+Terms+%28Feature+Types%29&rft.date=2007-07-05&rft.aulast=Blue&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanetarynames.wr.usgs.gov%2Fjsp%2Fappend5.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-epoch-2"><a href="#cite_ref-epoch_2-0">^</a> Semua penjumlahan astronomi bervariasi, baik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenomena_sekuler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenomena sekuler (halaman belum tersedia)">sekuler</a> dan periodik. Jumlah yang dinyatakan adalah <a href="/wiki/J2000.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000.0">J2000.0</a> menurut perhitungan sekuler, yang mengabaikan semua perhitungan periodik. </li> <li id="cite_note-apsis-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apsis_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-apsis_3-1">b</a> aphelion = a × (1 + e); perihelion = a × (1 – e), dengan a adalah sumbu semimayor dan e adalah eksentrisitas. Perbedaan antara perihelion dan aphelion Bumi adalah 5 kilometer (akurat untuk lima <a href="/wiki/Angka_signifikan" title="Angka signifikan">angka signifikan</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-asc_node-8"><a href="#cite_ref-asc_node_8-0">^</a> Referensi mencantumkan bujur node menaik adalah −11.26064°, yang setara dengan 348.73936°, dengan catatan setiap sudut sama, ditambah 360°. </li> <li id="cite_note-arg_peri-9"><a href="#cite_ref-arg_peri_9-0">^</a> Referensi mencantumkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periapsis_bujur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periapsis bujur (halaman belum tersedia)">bujur perihelion</a>, penjumlahan dari bujur node menaik dan argumen perihelion, yang besarnya 114.20783° + (−11.26064°) = 102.94719°. </li> <li id="cite_note-surfacecover-20"><a href="#cite_ref-surfacecover_20-0">^</a> Karena fluktuasi alami, ambiguitas di sekitar <a href="/wiki/Lapisan_es" title="Lapisan es">lapisan es</a> dan konvensi pemetaan untuk <a href="/wiki/Datum_vertikal" title="Datum vertikal">datum vertikal</a> yang menghitung nilai pasti jumkah cakupan lautan dan daratan tidak berarti. Berdasarkan data dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peta_Vektor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peta Vektor (halaman belum tersedia)">Peta Vektor</a> dan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landcover.org">Global Landcover</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326085837/http://www.landcover.org/">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-03-26 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., nilai ekstrem cakupan danau dan sungai adalah 0,6% dan 1,0% dari permukaan Bumi. Ladang es <a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktika</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> dihitung sebagai daratan, meskipun sebagian besar batuan yang menopang kedua wilayah tersebut terletak di bawah permukaan laut. </li> <li id="cite_note-sidereal_solar-33"><a href="#cite_ref-sidereal_solar_33-0">^</a> Hari matahari lebih pendek dari <a href="/wiki/Hari_sideris" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari sideris">hari sideris</a> karena pergerakan orbit Bumi mengelilingi Matahari menyebabkan bertambahnya satu putaran planet pada sumbunya. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Bervariasi antara 5 dan 200 km. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Bervariasi antara 5 dan 70 km. </li> <li id="cite_note-jaes41_3_379-69"><a href="#cite_ref-jaes41_3_379_69-0">^</a> Termasuk <a href="/wiki/Lempeng_Somalia" title="Lempeng Somalia">Lempeng Somalia</a>, yang saat ini sedang dalam proses pembentukan dari Lempeng Afrika. Lihat: <cite class="citation journal">Chorowicz, Jean (October 2005). "The East African rift system". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 43 (1–3): 379–410. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JAfES..43..379C">2005JAfES..43..379C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jafrearsci.2005.07.019">10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+East+African+rift+system&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=379-410&rft.date=2005-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jafrearsci.2005.07.019&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005JAfES..43..379C&rft.aulast=Chorowicz&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-trench_depth-86"><a href="#cite_ref-trench_depth_86-0">^</a> Ini adalah pengukuran yang dilakukan oleh kapal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaik%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaikō (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaikō</a> pada bulan Maret 1995 dan diyakini merupakan pengukuran paling akurat hingga saat ini. Lihat <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Deep" class="mw-redirect" title="Challenger Deep">Challenger Deep</a> untuk penjelasan yang lebih rinci. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Luas total permukaan Bumi adalah 5,1×108 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" class="mw-redirect" title="Square kilometre">km2</a>. To first approximation, the average depth would be the ratio of the two, or 2.7 km. </li> <li id="cite_note-Aoki-119"><a href="#cite_ref-Aoki_119-0">^</a> Aoki, sumber utama dari angka-angka ini, menggunakan istilah "detik dari UT1", bukannya "detik dari waktu matahari rata-rata".–<cite class="citation journal">Seidelmann, S.; Kinoshita, H.; Guinot, B.; Kaplan, G. H.; McCarthy, D. D.; Seidelmann, P. K. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomy-and-astrophysics_1982-01_105_2/page/359">"The new definition of universal time"</a>. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 105 (2): 359–361. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982A&A...105..359A">1982A&A...105..359A</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=The+new+definition+of+universal+time&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=359-361&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982A%26A...105..359A&rft.aulast=Seidelmann&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Kinoshita%2C+H.&rft.au=Guinot%2C+B.&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+G.+H.&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+D.+D.&rft.au=Seidelmann%2C+P.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_astronomy-and-astrophysics_1982-01_105_2%2Fpage%2F359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-hill_radius-128"><a href="#cite_ref-hill_radius_128-0">^</a> Untuk Bumi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radius_Bukit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radius Bukit (halaman belum tersedia)">radius Bukit</a> adalah <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{H}=a\left({\frac {m}{3M}}\right)^{\frac {1}{3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{H}=a\left({\frac {m}{3M}}\right)^{\frac {1}{3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/596f8baf206a81478afd4194b44138715dc1a05c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:16.736ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{H}=a\left({\frac {m}{3M}}\right)^{\frac {1}{3}}}" />, dengan m adalah massa Bumi, a adalah Satuan Astronomi (AU), dan M massa Matahari. Jadi, radiusnya dalam AU adalah <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {1}{3\cdot 332,946}}\right)^{\frac {1}{3}}=0.01}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>332</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>946</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.01</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left({\frac {1}{3\cdot 332,946}}\right)^{\frac {1}{3}}=0.01}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ab5412b4744a2163206868fe8ec2726455c4785" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:24.076ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {1}{3\cdot 332,946}}\right)^{\frac {1}{3}}=0.01}" />. </li> <li id="cite_note-solar_energy-133"><a href="#cite_ref-solar_energy_133-0">^</a> Aphelion adalah 103,4% dari jarak ke perihelion. Karena hukum kuadrat terbalik, radiasi di perihelion adalah sekitar 106,9% energi di aphelion. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-standish_williams_iau-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-standish_williams_iau_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-standish_williams_iau_4-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Standish, E. Myles; Williams, James C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6BOqmsTQG?url=http://iau-comm4.jpl.nasa.gov/XSChap8.pdf">"Orbital Ephemerides of the Sun, Moon, and Planets"</a> (PDF). International Astronomical Union Commission 4: (Ephemerides). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iau-comm4.jpl.nasa.gov/XSChap8.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2012-10-14. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orbital+Ephemerides+of+the+Sun%2C+Moon%2C+and+Planets&rft.pub=International+Astronomical+Union+Commission+4%3A+%28Ephemerides%29&rft.aulast=Standish&rft.aufirst=E.+Myles&rft.au=Williams%2C+James+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiau-comm4.jpl.nasa.gov%2FXSChap8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  See table 8.10.2. Calculation based upon 1 AU = 149,597,870,700(3) m. </li> <li id="cite_note-IERS-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IERS_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IERS_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IERS_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IERS_5-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web">Staff (2007-08-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html">"Useful Constants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Earth_Rotation_and_Reference_Systems_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service">International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service</a>. Diakses tanggal 2008-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Useful+Constants&rft.pub=International+Earth+Rotation+and+Reference+Systems+Service&rft.date=2007-08-07&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhpiers.obspm.fr%2Feop-pc%2Fmodels%2Fconstants.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_6-11">l</a> Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>earth_fact_sheet</code> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen294-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Allen294_7-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA294">Allen's Astrophysical Quantities</a>. Springer. hlm. 294. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-387-98746-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-387-98746-0">0-387-98746-0</a>. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allen%27s+Astrophysical+Quantities&rft.pages=294&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-387-98746-0&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Clabon+Walter&rft.au=Cox%2C+Arthur+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dw8PK2XFLLH8C%26pg%3DPA294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Space_Command&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Space Command (halaman belum tersedia)">US Space Command</a> (March 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=4008">"Reentry Assessment – US Space Command Fact Sheet"</a>. SpaceRef Interactive. Diakses tanggal 2011-05-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reentry+Assessment+%E2%80%93+US+Space+Command+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=SpaceRef+Interactive&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.au=US+Space+Command&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceref.com%2Fnews%2Fviewpr.html%3Fpid%3D4008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati">pranala nonaktif permanen</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-hbcp2000-11"><a href="#cite_ref-hbcp2000_11-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Various (2000). David R. Lide, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche0000unse_u9i8">Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a> (edisi ke-81st). CRC. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0481-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0481-4">0-8493-0481-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.edition=81st&rft.pub=CRC&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8493-0481-4&rft.au=Various&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrchandbookofche0000unse_u9i8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-usno-12"><a href="#cite_ref-usno_12-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826043456/http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecK/2011/Astronomical_Constants_2011.txt">"Selected Astronomical Constants, 2011"</a>. The Astronomical Almanac. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecK/2011/Astronomical_Constants_2011.txt">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-08-26. Diakses tanggal 2011-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Almanac&rft.atitle=Selected+Astronomical+Constants%2C+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasa.usno.navy.mil%2FSecK%2F2011%2FAstronomical_Constants_2011.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-WGS-84-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WGS-84_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WGS-84_13-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Geodetic_System" class="mw-redirect" title="World Geodetic System">World Geodetic System</a> (WGS-84). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/">Available online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311023739/https://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-03-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. from <a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-cazenave_ahrens1995-14"><a href="#cite_ref-cazenave_ahrens1995_14-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anny_Cazenave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anny Cazenave (halaman belum tersedia)">Cazenave, Anny</a> (1995). "Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms". Dalam Ahrens, Thomas J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061016024803/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/5_cazenave.pdf">Global earth physics a handbook of physical constants</a> (PDF). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-87590-851-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-87590-851-9">0-87590-851-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/5_cazenave.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2006-10-16. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Geoid%2C+Topography+and+Distribution+of+Landforms&rft.btitle=Global+earth+physics+a+handbook+of+physical+constants&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=American+Geophysical+Union&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-87590-851-9&rft.aulast=Cazenave&rft.aufirst=Anny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agu.org%2Freference%2Fgephys%2F5_cazenave.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-iers-15"><a href="#cite_ref-iers_15-0">^</a> <cite class="citation conference">IERS Working Groups (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5nDzc2unH?url=http://www.iers.org/MainDisp.csl?pid=46-25776">"General Definitions and Numerical Standards"</a>. Dalam McCarthy, Dennis D.; Petit, Gérard. IERS Technical Note No. 32. U.S. Naval Observatory and Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iers.org/MainDisp.csl?pid=46-25776">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-02-01. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=General+Definitions+and+Numerical+Standards&rft.btitle=IERS+Technical+Note+No.+32&rft.pub=U.S.+Naval+Observatory+and+Bureau+International+des+Poids+et+Mesures&rft.date=2003&rft.au=IERS+Working+Groups&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iers.org%2FMainDisp.csl%3Fpid%3D46-25776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_editors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: editors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-WGS-84-2-16"><a href="#cite_ref-WGS-84-2_16-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Humerfelt, Sigurd (October 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.online.no/~sigurdhu/WGS84_Eng.html">"How WGS 84 defines Earth"</a>. Diakses tanggal 2011-04-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+WGS+84+defines+Earth&rft.date=2010-10-26&rft.aulast=Humerfelt&rft.aufirst=Sigurd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.online.no%2F~sigurdhu%2FWGS84_Eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-circ-17"><a href="#cite_ref-circ_17-0">^</a> Keliling Bumi (hampir) tepat 40.000 km karena <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">meter</a> dikalibrasi berdasarkan ketepatannnya pada pengukuran ini – lebih khusus, 1/10 kesejuta dari jarak antara kutub dan khatulistiwa. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pidwirny_2006_8-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pidwirny_2006_8_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pidwirny_2006_8_18-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pidwirny, Michael (2006-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html">"Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents.(Table 8o-1)"</a>. University of British Columbia, Okanagan. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Surface+area+of+our+planet+covered+by+oceans+and+continents.%28Table+8o-1%29&rft.date=2006-02-02&rft.aulast=Pidwirny&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physicalgeography.net%2Ffundamentals%2F8o.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_19-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web">Staff (2008-07-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html">"World"</a>. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 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Science. 241 (4872): 1441–1449. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...241.1441M">1988Sci...241.1441M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.241.4872.1441">10.1126/science.241.4872.1441</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17790039">17790039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=How+many+species+are+there+on+earth%3F&rft.volume=241&rft.issue=4872&rft.pages=1441-1449&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17790039&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.241.4872.1441&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Sci...241.1441M&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Population_Clock-36"><a href="#cite_ref-World_Population_Clock_36-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> (2 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/population/popclockworld.html">"World POP Clock Projection"</a>. United States Census Bureau International Database. Diakses tanggal 2011-11-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau+International+Database&rft.atitle=World+POP+Clock+Projection&rft.date=2011-11-02&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fpopclockworld.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BARNHART228-229-37"><a href="#cite_ref-BARNHART228-229_37-0">^</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Barnhart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Barnhart (halaman belum tersedia)">Barnhart, Robert K.</a> (1995). Originally. from a Semitic (Arabic/Hebrew) root: أرض| aarth-or, ארץ aerets (Hebrew) is the word for land, country and Earth. As per later Germanic roots, the Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, pages 228–229. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0062700847" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-06-270084-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMEK179-38"><a href="#cite_ref-SIMEK179_38-0">^</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Simek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Simek (halaman belum tersedia)">Simek, Rudolf</a> (2007) translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology, page 179. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boydell_%26_Brewer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boydell & Brewer (halaman belum tersedia)">D.S. Brewer</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0859915131" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-85991-513-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Lihat definisi kata "bumi" di <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kamus.sabda.org/kamus/bumi">KBBI</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-stern20011125-40"><a href="#cite_ref-stern20011125_40-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Stern, David P. (2001-11-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014175713/http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?%2Farchives%2F147-Names-for-the-Columbia-astronauts-provisionally-approved.html">"Planetary Magnetism"</a>. NASA. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?/archives/147-Names-for-the-Columbia-astronauts-provisionally-approved.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2014-10-14. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Planetary+Magnetism&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2001-11-25&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastrogeology.usgs.gov%2FHotTopics%2Findex.php%3F%2Farchives%2F147-Names-for-the-Columbia-astronauts-provisionally-approved.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-science288_5473_2002-41"><a href="#cite_ref-science288_5473_2002_41-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Tackley, Paul J. (2000-06-16). "Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics: Toward an Integrated Physical and Chemical Theory". Science. 288 (5473): 2002–2007. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Sci...288.2002T">2000Sci...288.2002T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.288.5473.2002">10.1126/science.288.5473.2002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10856206">10856206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Mantle+Convection+and+Plate+Tectonics%3A+Toward+an+Integrated+Physical+and+Chemical+Theory&rft.volume=288&rft.issue=5473&rft.pages=2002-2007&rft.date=2000-06-16&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10856206&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.288.5473.2002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000Sci...288.2002T&rft.aulast=Tackley&rft.aufirst=Paul+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-milbert_smith96-42"><a href="#cite_ref-milbert_smith96_42-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Milbert, D. G.; Smith, D. A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/gislis96.html">"Converting GPS Height into NAVD88 Elevation with the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model"</a>. National Geodetic Survey, NOAA. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Converting+GPS+Height+into+NAVD88+Elevation+with+the+GEOID96+Geoid+Height+Model&rft.pub=National+Geodetic+Survey%2C+NOAA&rft.aulast=Milbert&rft.aufirst=D.+G.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D.+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngs.noaa.gov%2FPUBS_LIB%2Fgislis96.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ngdc2006-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ngdc2006_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngdc2006_43-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Sandwell, D. T.; Smith, W. H. F. (2006-07-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML">"Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data"</a>. NOAA/NGDC. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+Ocean+Basins+with+Satellite+Altimeter+Data&rft.pub=NOAA%2FNGDC&rft.date=2006-07-07&rft.aulast=Sandwell&rft.aufirst=D.+T.&rft.au=Smith%2C+W.+H.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngdc.noaa.gov%2Fmgg%2Fbathymetry%2Fpredicted%2Fexplore.HTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9428163">The 'Highest' Spot on Earth?</a> NPR.org Consultado el 25-07-2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-nist_length2000-45"><a href="#cite_ref-nist_length2000_45-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Mohr, P. J.; Taylor, B. N. (October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/meter.html">"Unit of length (meter)"</a>. NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST Physics Laboratory. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NIST+Reference+on+Constants%2C+Units%2C+and+Uncertainty&rft.atitle=Unit+of+length+%28meter%29&rft.date=2000-10&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=P.+J.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+B.+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcuu%2FUnits%2Fmeter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-wpba2001-46"><a href="#cite_ref-wpba2001_46-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Staff (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202181203/http://www.wpa-pool.com/index.asp?content=rules_spec">"WPA Tournament Table & Equipment Specifications"</a>. World Pool-Billiards Association. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpa-pool.com/index.asp?content=rules_spec">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-02-02. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WPA+Tournament+Table+%26+Equipment+Specifications&rft.pub=World+Pool-Billiards+Association&rft.date=2001-11&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpa-pool.com%2Findex.asp%3Fcontent%3Drules_spec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ps20_5_16-47"><a href="#cite_ref-ps20_5_16_47-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Senne, Joseph H. (2000). "Did Edmund Hillary Climb the Wrong Mountain". Professional Surveyor. 20 (5): 16–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Professional+Surveyor&rft.atitle=Did+Edmund+Hillary+Climb+the+Wrong+Mountain&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=16-21&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Senne&rft.aufirst=Joseph+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-lancet365_9462_831-48"><a href="#cite_ref-lancet365_9462_831_48-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sharp, David (2005-03-05). "Chimborazo and the old kilogram". The Lancet. 365 (9462): 831–832. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2971021-7">10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71021-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15752514">15752514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Chimborazo+and+the+old+kilogram&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=9462&rft.pages=831-832&rft.date=2005-03-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2971021-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15752514&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-tall_tales-49"><a href="#cite_ref-tall_tales_49-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/k2/moments/s1086384.htm">"Tall Tales about Highest Peaks"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Diakses tanggal 2008-12-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tall+Tales+about+Highest+Peaks&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fscience%2Fk2%2Fmoments%2Fs1086384.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-brown_mussett1981-50"><a href="#cite_ref-brown_mussett1981_50-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Brown, Geoff C.; Mussett, Alan E. (1981). The Inaccessible Earth (edisi ke-2nd). Taylor & Francis. hlm. 166. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-04-550028-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-04-550028-2">0-04-550028-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Inaccessible+Earth&rft.pages=166&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-04-550028-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Geoff+C.&rft.au=Mussett%2C+Alan+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  Note: After Ronov and Yaroshevsky (1969). </li> <li id="cite_note-pnas71_12_6973-51"><a href="#cite_ref-pnas71_12_6973_51-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Morgan, J. W.; Anders, E. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC350422">"Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 77 (12): 6973–6977. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980PNAS...77.6973M">1980PNAS...77.6973M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.77.12.6973">10.1073/pnas.77.12.6973</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC350422">350422</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16592930">16592930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Chemical+composition+of+Earth%2C+Venus%2C+and+Mercury&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=6973-6977&rft.date=1980&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC350422&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16592930&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.77.12.6973&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1980PNAS...77.6973M&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rft.au=Anders%2C+E.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC350422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Berkas:PD-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/20px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/40px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></a> Satu atau lebih kalimat sebelum ini menyertakan teks dari suatu terbitan yang sekarang berada pada <a href="/wiki/Ranah_publik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranah publik">ranah publik</a>: <cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Petrology". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Petrology&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-tanimoto_ahrens1995-53"><a href="#cite_ref-tanimoto_ahrens1995_53-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Tanimoto, Toshiro (1995). Thomas J. Ahrens, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061016194153/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/15_tanimoto.pdf">Crustal Structure of the Earth</a> (PDF). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-87590-851-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-87590-851-9">0-87590-851-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/15_tanimoto.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2006-10-16. 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Diakses tanggal 2007-04-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+humans+on+continental+erosion+and+sedimentation&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=140-156&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2FB25899.1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007GSAB..119..140W&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=B.+H.&rft.au=McElroy%2C+B.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbulletin.geoscienceworld.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F119%2F1-2%2F140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambina2011-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Lambina2011_148-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Lambina, Eric F.; Meyfroidt, Patrick (March 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903005101/http://www.pnas.org/content/108/9/3465.full.pdf">"Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity"</a> (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. 108 (9): 3465–3472. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..108.3465L">2011PNAS..108.3465L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1100480108">10.1073/pnas.1100480108</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/108/9/3465.full.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2013-09-03. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Global+land+use+change%2C+economic+globalization%2C+and+the+looming+land+scarcity&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=3465-3472&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1100480108&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PNAS..108.3465L&rft.aulast=Lambina&rft.aufirst=Eric+F.&rft.au=Meyfroidt%2C+Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2F108%2F9%2F3465.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) See Table 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-mnpl_utx2006-149"><a href="#cite_ref-mnpl_utx2006_149-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Staff (2006-11-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utexas.edu/tmm/npl/mineralogy/mineral_genesis/">"Mineral Genesis: How do minerals form?"</a>. Non-vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, Texas Memorial Museum. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mineral+Genesis%3A+How+do+minerals+form%3F&rft.pub=Non-vertebrate+Paleontology+Laboratory%2C+Texas+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2006-11-24&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utexas.edu%2Ftmm%2Fnpl%2Fmineralogy%2Fmineral_genesis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-science299_5607_673-150"><a href="#cite_ref-science299_5607_673_150-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Rona, Peter A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/299/5607/673?ijkey=AHVbRrqUsmdHY&keytype=ref&siteid=sci">"Resources of the Sea Floor"</a>. Science. 299 (5607): 673–674. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1080679">10.1126/science.1080679</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12560541">12560541</a>. Diakses tanggal 2007-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Resources+of+the+Sea+Floor&rft.volume=299&rft.issue=5607&rft.pages=673-674&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1080679&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12560541&rft.aulast=Rona&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F299%2F5607%2F673%3Fijkey%3DAHVbRrqUsmdHY%26keytype%3Dref%26siteid%3Dsci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner1990-151"><a href="#cite_ref-Turner1990_151-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Turner, B. L., II (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=7GI0AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA164">The Earth As Transformed by Human Action: Global And Regional Changes in the Biosphere Over the Past 300 Years</a>. CUP Archive. hlm. 164. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0521363578" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0521363578">0521363578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earth+As+Transformed+by+Human+Action%3A+Global+And+Regional+Changes+in+the+Biosphere+Over+the+Past+300+Years&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0521363578&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=B.+L.%2C+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7GI0AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-walsh2008-152"><a href="#cite_ref-walsh2008_152-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Walsh, Patrick J. (1997-05-16). Sharon L. Smith, Lora E. 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Academic Press, 2008. hlm. 212. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-12-372584-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-12-372584-4">0-12-372584-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oceans+and+human+health%3A+risks+and+remedies+from+the+seas&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Academic+Press%2C+2008&rft.date=1997-05-16&rft.isbn=0-12-372584-4&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc6J5hlcjFaAC%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penyunting" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-un20070202-153"><a href="#cite_ref-un20070202_153-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Staff (2007-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=21429&Cr=climate&Cr1=change">"Evidence is now 'unequivocal' that humans are causing global warming – UN report"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081221031717/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=21429&Cr=climate&Cr1=change">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-12-21. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evidence+is+now+%27unequivocal%27+that+humans+are+causing+global+warming+%E2%80%93+UN+report&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2007-02-02&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D21429%26Cr%3Dclimate%26Cr1%3Dchange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NatlGeo-154"><a href="#cite_ref-NatlGeo_154-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=world&Mode=d&SubMode=w">World</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/">Xpeditions Atlas</a>. 2006. 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United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090905200753/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-09-05. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2006+Revision&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fwpp2006%2Fwpp2006.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-prb2007-157"><a href="#cite_ref-prb2007_157-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Staff (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6EKxj3SWs?url=http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/PopulationGrowth/QuestionAnswer.aspx">"Human Population: Fundamentals of Growth: Growth"</a>. Population Reference Bureau. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/PopulationGrowth/QuestionAnswer.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-02-10. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Population%3A+Fundamentals+of+Growth%3A+Growth&rft.pub=Population+Reference+Bureau&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prb.org%2FEducators%2FTeachersGuides%2FHumanPopulation%2FPopulationGrowth%2FQuestionAnswer.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-hessd4_439-158"><a href="#cite_ref-hessd4_439_158-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/4/439/2007/hessd-4-439-2007.html">"Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification"</a>. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 4 (2): 439–473. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fhessd-4-439-2007">10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007</a>. 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Vintage. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-679-72019-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-679-72019-7">0-679-72019-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Great+Powers&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-679-72019-7&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-uncharter-162"><a href="#cite_ref-uncharter_162-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/">"U.N. Charter Index"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220011242/http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-20. 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Twenty-First Century Books. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raceforspaceunit0000kuhn/page/34">34</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8225-5984-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8225-5984-6">0-8225-5984-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+race+for+space%3A+the+United+States+and+the+Soviet+Union+compete+for+the+new+frontier&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8225-5984-6&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fraceforspaceunit0000kuhn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ellis2004-165"><a href="#cite_ref-ellis2004_165-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ellis, Lee (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whoswhoofnasaast0000elli">Who's who of NASA Astronauts</a>. Americana Group Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-9667961-4-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-9667961-4-4">0-9667961-4-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+of+NASA+Astronauts&rft.pub=Americana+Group+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-9667961-4-4&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhoswhoofnasaast0000elli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-shayler_vis2005-166"><a href="#cite_ref-shayler_vis2005_166-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Shayler, David; Vis, Bert (2005). Russia's Cosmonauts: Inside the Yuri Gagarin Training Center. Birkhäuser. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-387-21894-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-387-21894-7">0-387-21894-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Cosmonauts%3A+Inside+the+Yuri+Gagarin+Training+Center&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-387-21894-7&rft.aulast=Shayler&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Vis%2C+Bert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-wade2008-167"><a href="#cite_ref-wade2008_167-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Wade, Mark (2008-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/articles/aststics.htm">"Astronaut Statistics"</a>. Encyclopedia Astronautica. 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Diakses tanggal 2008-12-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reference+Guide+to+the+International+Space+Station&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2007-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fstation%2Fnews%2FISS_Reference_Guide.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-cramb2007-169"><a href="#cite_ref-cramb2007_169-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Cramb, Auslan (2007-10-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3311903/Nasas-Discovery-extends-space-station.html">"Nasa's Discovery extends space station"</a>. Telegraph. Diakses tanggal 2009-03-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nasa%27s+Discovery+extends+space+station&rft.date=2007-10-28&rft.aulast=Cramb&rft.aufirst=Auslan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fearth%2Fearthnews%2F3311903%2FNasas-Discovery-extends-space-station.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-liungman2004-170"><a href="#cite_ref-liungman2004_170-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Liungman, Carl G. (2004). "Group 29: Multi-axes symmetric, both soft and straight-lined, closed signs with crossing lines". Symbols – Encyclopedia of Western Signs and Ideograms. New York: Ionfox AB. hlm. 281–282. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/91-972705-0-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/91-972705-0-4">91-972705-0-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Group+29%3A+Multi-axes+symmetric%2C+both+soft+and+straight-lined%2C+closed+signs+with+crossing+lines&rft.btitle=Symbols+%E2%80%93+Encyclopedia+of+Western+Signs+and+Ideograms&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=281-282&rft.pub=Ionfox+AB&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=91-972705-0-4&rft.aulast=Liungman&rft.aufirst=Carl+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-arnett20060716-171"><a href="#cite_ref-arnett20060716_171-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Arnett, Bill (July 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nineplanets.org/earth.html">"Earth"</a>. The Nine Planets, A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System: one star, eight planets, and more. Diakses tanggal 2010-03-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nine+Planets%2C+A+Multimedia+Tour+of+the+Solar+System%3A+one+star%2C+eight+planets%2C+and+more&rft.atitle=Earth&rft.date=2006-07-16&rft.aulast=Arnett&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnineplanets.org%2Fearth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Dutch2002-172"><a href="#cite_ref-Dutch2002_172-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Dutch, S. I. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nagt.org/files/nagt/jge/abstracts/Dutch_v50n2p137.pdf">"Religion as belief versus religion as fact"</a> (PDF). Journal of Geoscience Education. 50 (2): 137–144. Diakses tanggal 2008-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geoscience+Education&rft.atitle=Religion+as+belief+versus+religion+as+fact&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=137-144&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Dutch&rft.aufirst=S.+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnagt.org%2Ffiles%2Fnagt%2Fjge%2Fabstracts%2FDutch_v50n2p137.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-edis2003-173"><a href="#cite_ref-edis2003_173-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Edis, Taner (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527192629/http://www2.truman.edu/~edis/writings/articles/CFI-2001.pdf">A World Designed by God: Science and Creationism in Contemporary Islam</a> (PDF). Amherst: Prometheus. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-59102-064-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-59102-064-6">1-59102-064-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.truman.edu/~edis/writings/articles/CFI-2001.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2008-05-27. Diakses tanggal 2008-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+Designed+by+God%3A+Science+and+Creationism+in+Contemporary+Islam&rft.pub=Amherst%3A+Prometheus&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-59102-064-6&rft.aulast=Edis&rft.aufirst=Taner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.truman.edu%2F~edis%2Fwritings%2Farticles%2FCFI-2001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-jge53_3_319-174"><a href="#cite_ref-jge53_3_319_174-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Ross, M. R. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nagt.org/files/nagt/jge/abstracts/Ross_v53n3p319.pdf">"Who Believes What? Clearing up Confusion over Intelligent Design and Young-Earth Creationism"</a> (PDF). Journal of Geoscience Education. 53 (3): 319. Diakses tanggal 2008-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geoscience+Education&rft.atitle=Who+Believes+What%3F+Clearing+up+Confusion+over+Intelligent+Design+and+Young-Earth+Creationism&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=319&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=M.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nagt.org%2Ffiles%2Fnagt%2Fjge%2Fabstracts%2FRoss_v53n3p319.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-arghg4_143-175"><a href="#cite_ref-arghg4_143_175-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pennock, R. T. (2003). "Creationism and intelligent design". Annual Review of Genomics Human Genetics. 4 (1): 143–63. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.genom.4.070802.110400">10.1146/annurev.genom.4.070802.110400</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14527300">14527300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Genomics+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Creationism+and+intelligent+design&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=143-63&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.genom.4.070802.110400&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14527300&rft.aulast=Pennock&rft.aufirst=R.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-sec_nap2008-176"><a href="#cite_ref-sec_nap2008_176-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11876&page=R1">Science, Evolution, and Creationism</a>. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-309-10586-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-309-10586-2">0-309-10586-2</a>. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science%2C+Evolution%2C+and+Creationism&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=0-309-10586-2&rft.au=National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Institute+of+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.nap.edu%2Fopenbook.php%3Frecord_id%3D11876%26page%3DR1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-jrst43_4_419-177"><a href="#cite_ref-jrst43_4_419_177-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Colburn,, A.; Henriques, Laura (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-research-in-science-teaching_2006-04_43_4/page/419">"Clergy views on evolution, creationism, science, and religion"</a>. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 43 (4): 419–442. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006JRScT..43..419C">2006JRScT..43..419C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Ftea.20109">10.1002/tea.20109</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Research+in+Science+Teaching&rft.atitle=Clergy+views+on+evolution%2C+creationism%2C+science%2C+and+religion&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=419-442&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Ftea.20109&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006JRScT..43..419C&rft.aulast=Colburn%2C&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Henriques%2C+Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-research-in-science-teaching_2006-04_43_4%2Fpage%2F419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-frye1983-178"><a href="#cite_ref-frye1983_178-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Frye, Roland Mushat (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isgodcreationist001946">Is God a Creationist? 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Nature. 412 (6848): 708–712. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Natur.412..708C">2001Natur.412..708C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35089010">10.1038/35089010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11507633">11507633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+Moon+in+a+giant+impact+near+the+end+of+the+Earth%27s+formation&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=6848&rft.pages=708-712&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11507633&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35089010&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001Natur.412..708C&rft.aulast=Canup&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Asphaug%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-whitehouse20021021-213"><a href="#cite_ref-whitehouse20021021_213-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Whitehouse, David (2002-10-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2347663.stm">"Earth's little brother found"</a>. BBC News. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Earth%27s+little+brother+found&rft.date=2002-10-21&rft.aulast=Whitehouse&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F2347663.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-christou_asher2011-214"><a href="#cite_ref-christou_asher2011_214-0">^</a> Christou, Apostolos A.; Asher, David J. (March 31, 2011). 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Diakses tanggal 2011-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Earth%27s+Trojan+asteroid&rft.volume=475&rft.issue=7357&rft.pages=481-483&rft.date=2011-07-27&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21796207&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature10233&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Natur.475..481C&rft.aulast=Connors&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Wiegert%2C+Paul&rft.au=Veillet%2C+Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature%2Fjournal%2Fv475%2Fn7357%2Ffull%2Fnature10233.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Choi-216">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Choi_216-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Choi_216-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Choi, Charles Q. (July 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/12443-earth-asteroid-companion-discovered-2010-tk7.html">"First Asteroid Companion of Earth Discovered at Last"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space.com (halaman belum tersedia)">Space.com</a>. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Asteroid+Companion+of+Earth+Discovered+at+Last&rft.pub=Space.com&rft.date=2011-07-27&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Charles+Q.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F12443-earth-asteroid-companion-discovered-2010-tk7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ucs-217"><a href="#cite_ref-ucs_217-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/space_weapons/technical_issues/ucs-satellite-database.html">"UCS Satellite Database"</a>. Nuclear Weapons & Global Security. Union of Concerned Scientists. January 31, 2011. Diakses tanggal 2011-05-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Weapons+%26+Global+Security&rft.atitle=UCS+Satellite+Database&rft.date=2011-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucsusa.org%2Fnuclear_weapons_and_global_security%2Fspace_weapons%2Ftechnical_issues%2Fucs-satellite-database.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol> Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> dengan nama "blueplanet" yang didefinisikan di <code><references></code> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Comins, Neil F. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveringessen0000comi">Discovering the Essential Universe</a> (edisi ke-2nd). W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003deu..book.....C">2003deu..book.....C</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7167-5804-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7167-5804-0">0-7167-5804-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+the+Essential+Universe&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003deu..book.....C&rft.isbn=0-7167-5804-0&rft.aulast=Comins&rft.aufirst=Neil+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveringessen0000comi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABumi" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;">Cari tahu mengenai Bumi pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" title="Cari di Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Bumi">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Bumi">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" title="Cari di Wikinews"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Bumi">Berita</a> dari Wikinews </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Bumi">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" title="Cari di Wikisource"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Bumi">Teks sumber</a> dari Wikisource </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="//id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" title="Cari di Wikibuku"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bumi" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Bumi">Buku</a> dari Wikibuku </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth">Earth – Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511235712/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth">Diarsipkan</a> 2013-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/">Solar System Exploration</a> – <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html">Earth – Temperature and Precipitation Extremes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120525195312/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-05-25 di <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a> – <a href="/wiki/National_Climatic_Data_Center" title="National Climatic Data Center">NCDC</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/earthandsun/earthshape.html">Earth – Climate Changes Cause Shape to Change</a> – <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geomag.usgs.gov/">Earth – Geomagnetism Program</a> – <a href="/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Coll/weekly.htm">Earth – Astronaut Photography Gateway</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430041323/http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Coll/weekly.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-04-30 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. – <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">Earth – Observatory</a> – <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomycast.com/stars/episode-51-earth/">Earth – Audio (29:28) – Cain/Gay – Astronomy Cast (2007)</a>.</li> <li>Earth – Videos – <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74mhQyuyELQ">Video (01:02)</a> – Earth (Time-Lapse).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6ahFFFQBZY">Video (00:27)</a> – Earth and <a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora">Aurora</a> (Time-Lapse).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Solar_System_Template_Final.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="43" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="36" usemap="#ImageMap_c0b8fb8efc62f9d5" /><map name="ImageMap_c0b8fb8efc62f9d5"><area href="/wiki/Matahari" shape="circle" coords="0,0,108,42" alt="Matahari" title="Matahari" /><area href="/wiki/Merkurius" shape="circle" coords="134,22,7" alt="Merkurius" title="Merkurius" /><area href="/wiki/Venus" shape="circle" coords="184,22,10" alt="Venus" title="Venus" /><area href="/wiki/Bumi" shape="circle" coords="233,22,10" alt="Bumi" title="Bumi" /><area href="/wiki/Bulan" shape="circle" coords="244,10,5" alt="Bulan" title="Bulan" /><area href="/wiki/Mars" shape="circle" coords="280,22,10" alt="Mars" title="Mars" /><area href="/wiki/Satelit_Mars" shape="circle" coords="287,16,4" alt="Phobos dan Deimos" title="Phobos dan Deimos" /><area href="/wiki/1_Ceres" shape="circle" coords="325,22,10" alt="Ceres" title="Ceres" /><area href="/wiki/Sabuk_asteroid" shape="rect" coords="307,0,346,42" alt="Sabuk asteroid" title="Sabuk asteroid" /><area href="/wiki/Ceres" shape="circle" coords="325,22,10" alt="Ceres" title="Ceres" /><area href="/wiki/Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="381,22,18" alt="Jupiter" title="Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Satelit_Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="395,6,7" alt="Satelit Jupiter" title="Satelit Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Cincin_Jupiter" shape="rect" coords="358,18,402,24" alt="Cincin Jupiter" title="Cincin Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Saturnus" shape="circle" coords="447,22,12" alt="Saturnus" title="Saturnus" /><area href="/wiki/Satelit_Saturnus" shape="circle" coords="458,8,7" alt="Satelit Saturnus" title="Satelit Saturnus" /><area href="/wiki/Cincin_Saturnus" shape="rect" coords="424,6,467,37" alt="Cincin Saturnus" title="Cincin Saturnus" /><area href="/wiki/Uranus" shape="circle" coords="502,22,11" alt="Uranus" title="Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Satelit_Uranus" shape="circle" coords="513,12,7" alt="Satelit Uranus" title="Satelit Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Cincin_Uranus" shape="rect" coords="490,5,515,41" alt="Cincin Uranus" title="Cincin Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Neptunus" shape="circle" coords="555,22,14" alt="Neptunus" title="Neptunus" /><area href="/wiki/Satelit_Neptunus" shape="circle" coords="566,12,4" alt="Satelit Neptunus" title="Satelit Neptunus" /><area href="/wiki/Cincin_Neptunus" shape="rect" coords="530,11,582,34" alt="Cincin Neptunus" title="Cincin Neptunus" /><area href="/wiki/Satelit_Pluto" shape="circle" coords="610,16,4" alt="Satelit Pluto" title="Satelit Pluto" /><area href="/wiki/Pluto" shape="circle" coords="605,22,10" alt="Pluto" title="Pluto" /><area href="/wiki/Haumea_(planet_katai)" shape="circle" coords="641,22,10" alt="Haumea" title="Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Satelit_Haumea" shape="circle" coords="648,16,4" alt="Satelit Haumea" title="Satelit Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Makemake_(planet_katai)" shape="circle" coords="681,22,10" alt="Makemake" title="Makemake" /><area href="/wiki/Eris" shape="circle" coords="716,22,10" alt="Eris" title="Eris" /><area href="/wiki/Dysnomia" shape="circle" coords="653,17,4" alt="Dysnomia" title="Dysnomia" /><area href="/wiki/Sabuk_Kuiper" shape="rect" coords="591,0,696,42" alt="Sabuk Kuiper" title="Sabuk Kuiper" /><area href="/wiki/Piringan_tersebar" shape="rect" coords="698,0,733,42" alt="Piringan tersebar" title="Piringan tersebar" /><area href="/wiki/Awan_Hills" shape="rect" coords="748,0,769,42" alt="Awan Hills" title="Awan Hills" /><area href="/wiki/Awan_Oort" shape="rect" coords="770,0,800,42" alt="Awan Oort" title="Awan Oort" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sun_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="☉"><img alt="☉" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">Matahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mercury_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="☿"><img alt="☿" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Mercury_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Merkurius" title="Merkurius">Merkurius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Venus_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="♀"><img alt="♀" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Venus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Venus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Venus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Venus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Venus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Venus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="🜨"><img alt="🜨" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Earth_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mars_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="♂"><img alt="♂" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mars_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Mars_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mars_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Mars_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mars_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Mars_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ceres_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⚳"><img alt="⚳" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ceres_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Ceres_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ceres_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Ceres_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ceres_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Ceres_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/1_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Ceres">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Jupiter_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="♃"><img alt="♃" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jupiter_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Jupiter_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jupiter_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Jupiter_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jupiter_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Jupiter_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Saturn_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="♄"><img alt="♄" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Saturn_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus">Saturnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Uranus_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⛢"><img alt="⛢" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Uranus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Uranus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Uranus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Uranus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Uranus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Uranus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Neptune_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="♆"><img alt="♆" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Neptune_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Neptune_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Neptune_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Neptune_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Neptune_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Neptune_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Neptunus" title="Neptunus">Neptunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Orcus_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="🝿"><img alt="🝿" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Orcus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Orcus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Orcus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Orcus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Orcus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Orcus_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/90482_Orcus" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pluto_symbol_(large_orb,_fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⯓"><img alt="⯓" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Pluto_symbol_%28large_orb%2C_fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Haumea_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="🝻"><img alt="🝻" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Haumea_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Haumea_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Haumea_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Haumea_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Haumea_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Haumea_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Haumea_(planet_katai)" title="Haumea (planet katai)">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Quaoar_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="🝾"><img alt="🝾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Quaoar_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Quaoar_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Quaoar_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Quaoar_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Quaoar_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Quaoar_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Makemake_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="🝼"><img alt="🝼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Makemake_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Makemake_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Makemake_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Makemake_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Makemake_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Makemake_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Makemake_(planet_katai)" title="Makemake (planet katai)">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gonggong_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="🝽"><img alt="🝽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gonggong_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Gonggong_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gonggong_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Gonggong_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gonggong_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Gonggong_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/225088_Gonggong" title="225088 Gonggong">Gonggong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Eris_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⯰"><img alt="⯰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Eris_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Eris_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Eris_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Eris_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Eris_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Eris_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Eris_(planet_katai)" title="Eris (planet katai)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sedna_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⯲"><img alt="⯲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sedna_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Sedna_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sedna_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Sedna_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sedna_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Sedna_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planet_kebumian" title="Planet kebumian">Kebumian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merkurius" title="Merkurius">Merkurius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_raksasa" title="Planet raksasa">Raksasa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus">Saturnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptunus" title="Neptunus">Neptunus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_katai" title="Planet katai">Katai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Ceres">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea_(planet_katai)" title="Haumea (planet katai)">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake_(planet_katai)" title="Makemake (planet katai)">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(planet_katai)" title="Eris (planet katai)">Eris</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cincin_planet" title="Cincin planet">Cincin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincin_Jupiter" title="Cincin Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincin_Saturnus" title="Cincin Saturnus">Saturnus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cincin_Rhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincin Rhea">Rhean</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincin_Uranus" title="Cincin Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincin_Neptunus" title="Cincin Neptunus">Neptunian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Cincin" class="mw-redirect" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincin_Chariklo" title="Cincin Chariklo">Chariklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2060_Chiron#Cincin" title="2060 Chiron">Chiron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Satelit_alami" title="Satelit alami">Satelit alami</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bumi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Moon_decrescent_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="☾"><img alt="☾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/12px-Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/18px-Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Bumi_lainnya" class="mw-redirect" title="Satelit Bumi lainnya">Satelit Bumi lainnya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Mars" title="Satelit Mars">Mars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fobos_(satelit)" title="Fobos (satelit)">Fobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(satelit)" title="Deimos (satelit)">Deimos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Jupiter" title="Satelit Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganimede_(satelit)" title="Ganimede (satelit)">Ganimede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalisto_(satelit)" title="Kalisto (satelit)">Kalisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(satelit)" title="Io (satelit)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(satelit)" title="Europa (satelit)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Jupiter#Daftar" title="Satelit Jupiter">79 satelit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Saturnus" title="Satelit Saturnus">Saturnus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(satelit)" title="Titan (satelit)">Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(satelit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhea (satelit)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus_(satelit)" title="Iapetus (satelit)">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(satelit)" title="Dione (satelit)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(satelit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tethys (satelit)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus" class="mw-redirect" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimas_(satelit)" title="Mimas (satelit)">Mimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(satelit)" title="Hyperion (satelit)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(satelit)" title="Phoebe (satelit)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Saturnus#Daftar" title="Satelit Saturnus">82 satelit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Uranus" title="Satelit Uranus">Uranus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titania_(satelit)" title="Titania (satelit)">Titania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(satelit)" title="Oberon (satelit)">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbriel_(satelit)" title="Umbriel (satelit)">Umbriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(satelit)" title="Ariel (satelit)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_(satelit)" title="Miranda (satelit)">Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Uranus#Daftar" title="Satelit Uranus">27 satelit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Neptunus" title="Satelit Neptunus">Neptunus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(satelit)" title="Triton (satelit)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_(satelit)" title="Proteus (satelit)">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid_(satelit)" title="Nereid (satelit)">Nereid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Neptunus#Daftar" title="Satelit Neptunus">14 satelit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Pluto" title="Satelit Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(satelit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charon (satelit)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(satelit)" title="Nix (satelit)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(satelit)" title="Hydra (satelit)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(satelit)" title="Kerberos (satelit)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(satelit)" title="Styx (satelit)">Styx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Eris" class="mw-redirect" title="Satelit Eris">Eris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(satelit)" title="Dysnomia (satelit)">Dysnomia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satelit_Haumea" title="Satelit Haumea">Haumea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(satelit)" title="Hiʻiaka (satelit)">Hiʻiaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaka_(satelit)" title="Namaka (satelit)">Namaka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Makemake <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">S/2015 (136472) 1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Penjelajahan_antariksa" title="Penjelajahan antariksa">Penjelajahan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garis_besar_penjelajahan_antariksa" title="Garis besar penjelajahan antariksa">Garis besar</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolonisasi_angkasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolonisasi angkasa">Kolonisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_dan_penjelajahan_Tata_Surya" title="Penemuan dan penjelajahan Tata Surya">Penemuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_historis_Tata_Surya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model historis Tata Surya (halaman belum tersedia)">model historis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_penemuan_planet_Tata_Surya_dan_satelitnya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu penemuan planet Tata Surya dan satelitnya (halaman belum tersedia)">garis waktu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misi_antariksa_berawak" title="Misi antariksa berawak">Misi antariksa berawak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stasiun_luar_angkasa" title="Stasiun luar angkasa">stasiun luar angkasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_wahana_antariksa_berawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar wahana antariksa berawak (halaman belum tersedia)">daftar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prob_antariksa" class="mw-redirect" title="Prob antariksa">Prob antariksa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garis_waktu_penjelajahan_Tata_Surya" title="Garis waktu penjelajahan Tata Surya">garis waktu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_prob_Tata_Surya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar prob Tata Surya (halaman belum tersedia)">daftar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjelajahan_Merkurius" title="Penjelajahan Merkurius">Merkurius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observasi_dan_penjelajahan_Venus" title="Observasi dan penjelajahan Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjelajahan_Bulan" title="Penjelajahan Bulan">Bulan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumber_daya_Bulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumber daya Bulan (halaman belum tersedia)">penambangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjelajahan_Mars" title="Penjelajahan Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(planet_katai)#Penjelajahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres (planet katai)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Penjelajahan" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penambangan_asteroid" title="Penambangan asteroid">penambangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_misi_menuju_komet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar misi menuju komet (halaman belum tersedia)">Komet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjelajahan_Jupiter" title="Penjelajahan Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjelajahan_Saturnus" title="Penjelajahan Saturnus">Saturnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjelajahan_Uranus" title="Penjelajahan Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjelajahan_Neptunus" title="Penjelajahan Neptunus">Neptunus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_Pluto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penjelajahan Pluto (halaman belum tersedia)">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjelajahan_antariksa_dalam" title="Penjelajahan antariksa dalam">Antariksa dalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_objek_Tata_Surya_hipotetis" title="Daftar objek Tata Surya hipotetis">Objek hipotetis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Model_Nice_lima_planet" title="Model Nice lima planet">Model Nice lima planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksasa_gas_kelima" title="Raksasa gas kelima">Raksasa gas kelima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_Nemesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipotesis Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_(planet_hipotetis)" title="Phaeton (planet hipotetis)">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planet_Kesembilan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planet Kesembilan (halaman belum tersedia)">Planet Kesembilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_V" title="Planet V">Planet V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_di_luar_Neptunus#Planet_X" title="Planet di luar Neptunus">Planet X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsatelit" title="Subsatelit">Subsatelit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(planet)" title="Theia (planet)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche_(planet_hipotetis)" title="Tyche (planet hipotetis)">Tyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(planet_hipotetis)" title="Vulcan (planet hipotetis)">Vulcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulcanoid">Vulcanoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Daftar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_komet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar komet (halaman belum tersedia)">Komet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_katai_yang_mungkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet katai yang mungkin (halaman belum tersedia)">Planet katai (yang mungkin)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_objek_membulat_secara_gravitasi_dari_Tata_Surya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar objek membulat secara gravitasi dari Tata Surya (halaman belum tersedia)">Objek membulat secara gravitasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_planet_minor" title="Daftar planet minor">Planet minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_satelit_alami" title="Daftar satelit alami">Satelit alami</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_Tata_Surya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model Tata Surya (halaman belum tersedia)">Model Tata Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_objek_Tata_Surya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar objek Tata Surya (halaman belum tersedia)">Objek Tata Surya</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_objek_Tata_Surya_menurut_ukuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar objek Tata Surya menurut ukuran (halaman belum tersedia)">menurut ukuran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_penemuan_planet_Tata_Surya_dan_satelitnya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu penemuan planet Tata Surya dan satelitnya (halaman belum tersedia)">menurut waktu penemuan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Benda_kecil_Tata_Surya" title="Benda kecil Tata Surya">Benda kecil Tata Surya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">Komet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damokloid" title="Damokloid">Damokloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_minor" title="Planet minor">Planet minor</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti_nama_planet_minor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arti nama planet minor (halaman belum tersedia)">Nama dan arti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulan_planet_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulan planet minor">bulan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetisimal" title="Planetisimal">Planetisimal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_minor_pelintas_Merkurius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet minor pelintas Merkurius (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelintas Merkurius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_minor_pelintas_Venus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet minor pelintas Venus (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelintas Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_ND15" title="2013 ND15">Troya Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objek_dekat_Bumi" title="Objek dekat Bumi">Objek dekat Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_minor_pelintas_Bumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet minor pelintas Bumi (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelintas Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troya_Bumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Troya Bumi (halaman belum tersedia)">Troya Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_minor_pelintas_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet minor pelintas Mars (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelintas Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troya_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Troya Mars (halaman belum tersedia)">Troya Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabuk_asteroid" title="Sabuk asteroid">Sabuk asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Ceres">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Juno" title="3 Juno">Juno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroid_aktif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asteroid aktif (halaman belum tersedia)">aktif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_planet_minor:_1%E2%80%931000" title="Daftar planet minor: 1–1000">1.000 pertama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keluarga_asteroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keluarga asteroid (halaman belum tersedia)">keluarga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_asteroid_istimewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar asteroid istimewa (halaman belum tersedia)">istimewa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celah_Kirkwood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celah Kirkwood (halaman belum tersedia)">Celah Kirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_minor_pelintas_Jupiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet minor pelintas Jupiter (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelintas Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troya_Jupiter" title="Troya Jupiter">Troya Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(planet_minor)" title="Centaur (planet minor)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_minor_pelintas_Saturnus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet minor pelintas Saturnus (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelintas Saturnus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_minor_pelintas_Uranus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet minor pelintas Uranus (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelintas Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_QF99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 QF99 (halaman belum tersedia)">Troya Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_minor_pelintas_Neptunus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet minor pelintas Neptunus (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelintas Neptunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troya_Neptunus" title="Troya Neptunus">Troya Neptunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objek_cis-Neptunus" title="Objek cis-Neptunus">Objek cis-Neptunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objek_trans-Neptunus" title="Objek trans-Neptunus">Objek trans-Neptunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabuk_Kuiper" title="Sabuk Kuiper">Sabuk Kuiper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Objek_Sabuk_Kuiper_klasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Objek Sabuk Kuiper klasik">Cubewano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objek_terlepaskan" title="Objek terlepaskan">Objek terlepaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_Hills" title="Awan Hills">Awan Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_Oort" title="Awan Oort">Awan Oort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Pembentukan_dan_evolusi_Tata_Surya" title="Pembentukan dan evolusi Tata Surya">Pembentukan dan evolusi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akresi_(astrofisika)" title="Akresi (astrofisika)">Akresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_akresi" title="Piringan akresi">Piringan akresi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_akresi#Piringan_ekskresi" title="Piringan akresi">Piringan ekskresi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_lingkar_planet" title="Piringan lingkar planet">Piringan lingkar planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_lingkar_bintang" title="Piringan lingkar bintang">Piringan lingkar bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungkup_lingkar_bintang" title="Sungkup lingkar bintang">Sungkup lingkar bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatlicue_(bintang)" title="Coatlicue (bintang)">Coatlicue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debu_kosmik" title="Debu kosmik">Debu kosmik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_serpihan" title="Piringan serpihan">Piringan serpihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_terganggu" title="Planet terganggu">Planet terganggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debu_luar_zodiak" title="Debu luar zodiak">Debu luar zodiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahan_ekstraterestrial" title="Bahan ekstraterestrial">Material luar bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurasi_sampel_luar_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurasi sampel luar bumi">Kurasi sampel luar bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_tubrukan_besar" title="Hipotesis tubrukan besar">Hipotesis tubrukan besar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keruntuhan_gravitasi" title="Keruntuhan gravitasi">Keruntuhan gravitasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_debu_antarplanet" title="Awan debu antarplanet">Awan debu antarplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_antarplanet" title="Medium antarplanet">Medium antarplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruang_antarplanet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruang antarplanet">Ruang antarplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_antarbintang" title="Awan antarbintang">Awan antarbintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debu_antarbintang" class="mw-redirect" title="Debu antarbintang">Debu antarbintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_antarbintang" title="Medium antarbintang">Medium antarbintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_molekul_antarbintang_dan_lingkar_bintang" title="Daftar molekul antarbintang dan lingkar bintang">Daftar molekul antarbintang dan lingkar bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabrakan_bintang#Pembentukan_planet" title="Tabrakan bintang">Bintang yang menyatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_molekul" title="Awan molekul">Awan molekul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_nebula" title="Hipotesis nebula">Hipotesis nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrasi_planet" title="Migrasi planet">Migrasi planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_keplanetan" title="Sistem keplanetan">Sistem keplanetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_nebula#Pembentukan_planet" title="Hipotesis nebula">Pembentukan planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_protoplanet" title="Piringan protoplanet">Piringan protoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincin_planet" title="Cincin planet">Cincin planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumpukan_puing" title="Tumpukan puing">Tumpukan puing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misi_pengembalian_sampel" title="Misi pengembalian sampel">Misi pengembalian sampel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_tersebar" title="Piringan tersebar">Piringan tersebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembentukan_bintang" title="Pembentukan bintang">Pembentukan bintang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;padding:0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garis_besar_Tata_Surya" title="Garis besar Tata Surya">Garis besar Tata Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Solar_system.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/40px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/60px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Tata_Surya" title="Portal:Tata Surya">Portal Tata Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Crab_Nebula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/40px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/60px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomi" title="Portal:Astronomi">Portal Astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/40px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/60px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2776" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ilmu_kebumian" title="Portal:Ilmu kebumian">Portal Ilmu kebumian</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a> → <a href="/wiki/Awan_Antarbintang_Lokal" title="Awan Antarbintang Lokal">Awan Antarbintang Lokal</a> → <a href="/wiki/Gelembung_Lokal" title="Gelembung Lokal">Gelembung Lokal</a> → <a href="/wiki/Sabuk_Gould" title="Sabuk Gould">Sabuk Gould</a> → <a href="/wiki/Lengan_Orion" title="Lengan Orion">Lengan Orion</a> → <a href="/wiki/Bima_Sakti" title="Bima Sakti">Bima Sakti</a> → <a href="/wiki/Galaksi_satelit_Bima_Sakti" title="Galaksi satelit Bima Sakti">Subgrup Bima Sakti</a> → <a href="/wiki/Grup_Lokal" title="Grup Lokal">Grup Lokal</a> → <a href="/wiki/Lembaran_Lokal" title="Lembaran Lokal">Lembaran Lokal</a> → <a href="/wiki/Supergugus_Virgo" title="Supergugus Virgo">Supergugus Virgo</a> → <a href="/wiki/Supergugus_Laniakea" title="Supergugus Laniakea">Supergugus Laniakea</a> → <a href="/wiki/Alam_semesta_teramati" title="Alam semesta teramati">Alam semesta teramati</a> → <a href="/wiki/Alam_semesta" title="Alam semesta">Alam semesta</a> Setiap panah (→) bisa berarti "di dalam" atau "bagian dari". </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bumi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Bumi" title="Templat:Bumi"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Bumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Bumi (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Bumi&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bumi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bumi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sejarah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usia_Bumi" title="Usia Bumi">Usia Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_evolusi_kehidupan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejarah evolusi kehidupan">Sejarah evolusi kehidupan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradoks_Matahari_muda_yang_redup" title="Paradoks Matahari muda yang redup">Paradoks Matahari muda yang redup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembentukan_dan_evolusi_Tata_Surya" title="Pembentukan dan evolusi Tata Surya">Pembentukan dan evolusi Tata Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa_depan_Bumi" title="Masa depan Bumi">Masa depan Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_Gaia" title="Hipotesis Gaia">Hipotesis Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skala_waktu_geologi" title="Skala waktu geologi">Skala waktu geologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_geologi_Bumi" title="Sejarah geologi Bumi">Sejarah geologi Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Bumi" title="Sejarah Bumi">Sejarah Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_evolusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu evolusi (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu evolusi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/200px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/300px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/400px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geografi dan geologi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorema_Clairaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorema Clairaut (halaman belum tersedia)">Teorema Clairaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benua" title="Benua">Benua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi">Gempa bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonjolan_khatulistiwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonjolan khatulistiwa (halaman belum tersedia)">Tonjolan khatulistiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokasi_paling_ekstrem_di_dunia" title="Lokasi paling ekstrem di dunia">Lokasi ekstrem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geologi_planet_luar_Matahari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geologi planet luar Matahari (halaman belum tersedia)">Geologi planet luar Matahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geofisika" title="Geofisika">Geofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tektonika_lempeng" title="Tektonika lempeng">Tektonika lempeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struktur_Bumi" title="Struktur Bumi">Struktur Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ekologi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Bumi" title="Hari Bumi">Hari Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentang_alam" title="Bentang alam">Bentang alam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofi_Gaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofi Gaia (halaman belum tersedia)">Filosofi Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemanasan_global" title="Pemanasan global">Pemanasan global</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropogen (halaman belum tersedia)">Antropogen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millennium_Ecosystem_Assessment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (halaman belum tersedia)">Millennium Ecosystem Assessment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pemetaan_digital" title="Pemetaan digital">Pemetaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhuvan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhuvan (halaman belum tersedia)">Bhuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bing_Maps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bing Maps (halaman belum tersedia)">Bing Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peta_dunia" title="Peta dunia">Peta dunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_World_Wind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASA World Wind (halaman belum tersedia)">NASA World Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_(Nokia)" title="Here (Nokia)">Nokia Here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiMapia" title="WikiMapia">WikiMapia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remote_sensing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remote sensing (halaman belum tersedia)">Remote sensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Maps" title="Yahoo! Maps">Yahoo! Maps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seni, budaya dan masyarakat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bumi_dalam_budaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bumi dalam budaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Bumi dalam budaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bumi_dalam_fiksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bumi dalam fiksi (halaman belum tersedia)">Bumi dalam fiksi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etimologi_kata_%22Bumi%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etimologi kata "Bumi" (halaman belum tersedia)">Etimologi kata "Bumi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumi_datar" title="Bumi datar">Bumi datar</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bumi_bulat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumi bulat">Bumi bulat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_dunia" title="Sejarah dunia">Sejarah dunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_internasional" title="Hukum internasional">Hukum internasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_lanskap" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni lanskap">Seni lanskap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara" title="Daftar negara">Daftar negara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_dunia" title="Ekonomi dunia">Ekonomi dunia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kerohanian dan teleologi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitos_penciptaan" title="Mitos penciptaan">Mitos penciptaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreasionisme" title="Kreasionisme">Kreasionisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibu_Bumi" title="Ibu Bumi">Ibu Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(mitologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaia (mitologi)">Gaia (Yunani Kuno)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaia_Zaman_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaia Zaman Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">Gaia Zaman Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hierarki_Kerohanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hierarki Kerohanian (halaman belum tersedia)">Logo Keplanetan (Teosofi)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tellus_Mater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tellus Mater (halaman belum tersedia)">Tellus Mater (Romawi Kuno)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">Biosfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahaya_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahaya bumi">Cahaya bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayangan_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayangan bumi">Bayangan bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_ganda" title="Planet ganda">Planet ganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_Bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbit Bumi">Orbit Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">Ekliptika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitasi_Bumi" title="Gravitasi Bumi">Gravitasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medan_magnet_Bumi" title="Medan magnet Bumi">Medan magnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awan_Kordylewski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awan Kordylewski (halaman belum tersedia)">Awan Kordylewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_surya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata surya">Tata surya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Letak_Bumi_di_alam_semesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letak Bumi di alam semesta (halaman belum tersedia)">Letak Bumi di alam semesta</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bumi" title="Kategori:Bumi">Kategori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ilmu_kebumian" title="Portal:Ilmu kebumian">Portal Ilmu Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Tata_Surya" title="Portal:Tata Surya">Portal Tata Surya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lokasi_bumi_di_alam_semesta" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Lokasi_Bumi" title="Templat:Lokasi Bumi"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Lokasi_Bumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Lokasi Bumi (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Lokasi_Bumi&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lokasi_bumi_di_alam_semesta" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lokasi bumi di alam semesta</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Termasuk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bumi</a> → <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a> → <a href="/wiki/Awan_Antarbintang_Lokal" title="Awan Antarbintang Lokal">Awan Antarbintang Lokal</a> → <a href="/wiki/Gelembung_Lokal" title="Gelembung Lokal">Gelembung Lokal</a> → <a href="/wiki/Sabuk_Gould" title="Sabuk Gould">Sabuk Gould</a> → <a href="/wiki/Lengan_Orion" title="Lengan Orion">Lengan Orion</a> → <a href="/wiki/Bima_Sakti" title="Bima Sakti">Bima Sakti</a> → <a href="/wiki/Galaksi_satelit_Bima_Sakti" title="Galaksi satelit Bima Sakti">Subgrup Bima Sakti</a> → <a href="/wiki/Grup_Lokal" title="Grup Lokal">Grup Lokal</a> → <a href="/wiki/Lembaran_Lokal" title="Lembaran Lokal">Lembaran Lokal</a> → <a href="/wiki/Supergugus_Virgo" title="Supergugus Virgo">Supergugus Virgo</a> → <a href="/wiki/Supergugus_Laniakea" title="Supergugus Laniakea">Supergugus Laniakea</a> → <a href="/wiki/Alam_semesta_teramati" title="Alam semesta teramati">Alam semesta teramati</a> → <a href="/wiki/Alam_semesta" title="Alam semesta">Alam semesta</a> Setiap panah (→) bisa berarti "di dalam" atau "bagian dari".</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_View&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmic View (halaman belum tersedia)">Cosmic View (buku 1957)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=To_the_Moon_and_Beyond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="To the Moon and Beyond (halaman belum tersedia)">To the Moon and Beyond (film 1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Zoom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmic Zoom (halaman belum tersedia)">Cosmic Zoom (1968 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_Ten_(film)" title="Powers of Ten (film)">Powers of Ten (film 1968 dan 1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Voyage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmic Voyage (halaman belum tersedia)">Cosmic Voyage (dokumenter 1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_Eye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmic Eye (halaman belum tersedia)">Cosmic Eye (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_pusat_alam_semesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah pusat alam semesta (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah pusat alam semesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:LokasiBumi" title="Templat:LokasiBumi">Lokasi Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urutan_magnitudo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urutan magnitudo (halaman belum tersedia)">Urutan magnitudo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomi" title="Portal:Astronomi">Portal astronomi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="noprint metadata navbox" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 0em"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0 0"><li style="display:inline"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Terra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/21px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/32px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geografi" title="Portal:Geografi">Portal Geografi</a></li><li style="display:inline"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Crab_Nebula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/40px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/60px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomi" title="Portal:Astronomi">Portal Astronomi</a></li><li style="display:inline"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Solar_system.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/20px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/40px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tata_Surya" title="Portal:Tata Surya">Portal Tata Surya</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1135962553">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" 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