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same-sex sexual activity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Laws_about_same-sex_sexual_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Statutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Statutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_provisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_provisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Constitutional provisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_provisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Article_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Article 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Article 10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Article 19</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_20" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_20"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Article 20</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_20-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_24" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_24"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Article 24</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_24-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_27" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_27"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6</span> <span>Article 27</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_27-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_28" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_28"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.7</span> <span>Article 28</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_28-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_31" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_31"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.8</span> <span>Article 31</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_31-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failed_decriminalisation_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failed_decriminalisation_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Failed decriminalisation efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failed_decriminalisation_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pending_bill_to_punish_homosexuality_with_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pending_bill_to_punish_homosexuality_with_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pending bill to punish homosexuality with death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pending_bill_to_punish_homosexuality_with_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition_of_same-sex_unions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition_of_same-sex_unions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Recognition of same-sex unions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recognition_of_same-sex_unions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recognition of same-sex unions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recognition_of_same-sex_unions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-False_rumor_about_impending_same-sex_marriage_in_Mtwapa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#False_rumor_about_impending_same-sex_marriage_in_Mtwapa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>False rumor about impending same-sex marriage in Mtwapa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-False_rumor_about_impending_same-sex_marriage_in_Mtwapa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_female_same-sex_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_female_same-sex_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Traditional female same-sex marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_female_same-sex_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption_and_family_planning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption_and_family_planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Adoption and family planning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption_and_family_planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender_identity_and_expression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_identity_and_expression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gender identity and expression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_identity_and_expression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intersex_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intersex_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Intersex rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intersex_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_pressure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_pressure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International pressure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_pressure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International pressure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_pressure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reports_and_recommendations_under_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reports_and_recommendations_under_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Reports and recommendations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reports_and_recommendations_under_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universal_Periodic_Reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universal_Periodic_Reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Universal Periodic Reviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universal_Periodic_Reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pressure_from_the_U.S._Department_of_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pressure_from_the_U.S._Department_of_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Pressure from the U.S. Department of State</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pressure_from_the_U.S._Department_of_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion_and_living_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion_and_living_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Public opinion and living conditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_opinion_and_living_conditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public opinion and living conditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion_and_living_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Views_of_government_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_of_government_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Views of government officials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_of_government_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights_movement_in_Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights_movement_in_Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>LGBT rights movement in Kenya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights_movement_in_Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_table" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Summary table</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBTQ rights in Kenya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="معاملة المثليين في كينيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معاملة المثليين في كينيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drets_del_col%C2%B7lectiu_LGBT_a_Kenya" title="Drets del col·lectiu LGBT a Kenya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Drets del col·lectiu LGBT a Kenya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_pr%C3%A1va_v_Keni" title="LGBT práva v Keni – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="LGBT práva v Keni" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexualit%C3%A4t_in_Kenia" title="Homosexualität in Kenia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Homosexualität in Kenia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversidad_sexual_en_Kenia" title="Diversidad sexual en Kenia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diversidad sexual en Kenia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samseksemo_en_Kenjo" title="Samseksemo en Kenjo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Samseksemo en Kenjo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droits_LGBT_au_Kenya" title="Droits LGBT au Kenya – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Droits LGBT au Kenya" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak_LGBT_di_Kenya" title="Hak LGBT di Kenya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hak LGBT di Kenya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%98%22%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="זכויות להט"ב בקניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זכויות להט"ב בקניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%93%D0%91%D0%A2_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Права ЛГБТ в Кении – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Права ЛГБТ в Кении" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kenya" title="LGBT rights in Kenya – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="LGBT rights in Kenya" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quy%E1%BB%81n_LGBT_%E1%BB%9F_Kenya" title="Quyền LGBT ở Kenya – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quyền LGBT ở Kenya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1128583#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBT_rights_in_Kenya&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Kenya">LGBT rights in Kenya</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="vcard" style="background:none; font-size:100%; padding:0.15em 0.1em; line-height:1.2em;">LGBTQ rights in Kenya</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenya_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kenya_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Kenya_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kenya_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Kenya_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kenya_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Kenya_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">Status</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Illegal since 1897 (as <a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa Protectorate</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">Up to 21 years' imprisonment with fines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_and_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT people and military service">Military</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Discrimination protections</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Limited protection following a legal process<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Family rights</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Template:Same-sex_unions" title="Template:Same-sex unions">Recognition of relationships</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No recognition of same-sex unions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Restrictions</th><td class="infobox-data">Same-sex marriage constitutionally banned since 2010<sup id="cite_ref-KenyaRights_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KenyaRights-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Kenya face significant challenges not experienced by non-<a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a> residents.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PinkNews_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PinkNews-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">Sodomy</a> is a felony per Section 162 of the Kenyan Penal Code, punishable by 21 years' imprisonment, and any sexual practices (termed "<a href="/wiki/Gross_indecency" title="Gross indecency">gross indecency</a>") are a felony under section 165 of the same statute, punishable by five years' imprisonment. On 24 May 2019, the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_(Kenya)" title="High Court (Kenya)">High Court of Kenya</a> refused an order to declare sections 162 and 165 unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-kahawatungu.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kahawatungu.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state does not recognise any relationships between persons of the same sex; <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> is banned under the Kenyan Constitution since 2010. There are no explicit protections against discrimination on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a>. Adoption is restricted to heterosexual couples only. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> people have historically suffered discrimination, and there are no statutory provisions relating to transgender rights. However, there have been a series of court rulings in favour of transgender rights, such as the right to change the names appearing on legal documents. It is currently unclear as to whether these rulings constitute substantive law on the issue of changing legal gender. </p><p>Kenyan society is highly <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">conservative</a>, and a large majority of people hold negative views of LGBT people.<sup id="cite_ref-PinkNews_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PinkNews-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> estimated that over 90% of Kenyans oppose <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, public support has slowly been growing and various organisations are working to protect and improve LGBT rights.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Laws_about_same-sex_sexual_activity">Laws about same-sex sexual activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Laws about same-sex sexual activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statutes">Statutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Statutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Expressions of homosexuality are illegal under Kenyan statutes and carry a maximum penalty of 14 years' imprisonment, or 21 years under certain aggravating circumstances. Sex acts between women are mentioned under the gender-neutral term "person" in Section 162 of the Penal Code and are enforced equally. On 28 November 2010, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a> called for women or men engaging in same-sex activity to be arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kenyan Penal Code of 1930, as revised in 2006, provides as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Section 162. Unnatural offenses.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Any person who – <dl><dd>(a) has carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature; or</dd> <dd>(c) permits a male person to have carnal knowledge of him or her against the order of nature, is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for fourteen years:</dd></dl></dd> <dd>Provided that, in the case of an offence under paragraph (a), the offender shall be liable to imprisonment for twenty-one years if – <dl><dd>(i) the offence was committed without the consent of the person who was carnally known; or</dd> <dd>(ii) the offence was committed with that person's consent but the consent was obtained by force or by means of threats or intimidation of some kind, or by fear of bodily harm, or by means of false representations as to the nature of the act.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Section 163. Attempt to commit unnatural offenses.</li></ul> <blockquote><p>Any person who attempts to commit any of the offences specified in section 162 is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for seven years.</p></blockquote> <ul><li>Section 165. Indecent practices between males.</li></ul> <blockquote><p>Any male person who, whether in public or private, commits any act of gross indecency with another male person, or procures another male person to commit any act of gross indecency with him, or attempts to procure the commission of any such act by any male person with himself or with another male person, whether in public or private, is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for five years.</p></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Kenya Human Rights Commission">Kenya Human Rights Commission</a> reported in 2011 about how these statutes have indirect but very adverse effects on LGBTI persons, saying,<sup id="cite_ref-Outlawed_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Outlawed-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pages: 21–23">: pages: 21–23 </span></sup> </p> <blockquote><p> Same sex sexual practices remain criminalized ... and even though there are few convictions based on sections 162 to 165 of the Penal Code ..., LGBTI persons are routinely harassed by the police, held in remand houses beyond the constitutional period without charges being preferred against them, and presented in court on trumped-up charges. Closely related to this, is a cartel of corrupt police officials who routinely extort and blackmail LGBTI persons with the threat of arrest and imprisonment if they do not give those bribes. ... LGBTI sex workers, mostly MSMs [men who have sex with men] are often asked for bribes and sexual favours by male police officers in exchange for their freedom and security. ... Those who fail to give bribes or sexual favours are charged with tramped up charges and sometimes raped by state security officers.</p></blockquote><p>In a 2020–2021 report, the Nairobi-based National Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission reported incidents of police demanding bribes.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_provisions">Constitutional provisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Constitutional provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution of Kenya,<sup id="cite_ref-KenyaRights_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KenyaRights-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which took effect 27 August 2010, does not expressly protect the rights of LGBTI persons because, according to the experts who drafted the constitution, a majority of Kenyans would have rejected the constitution in the referendum to adopt it.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, few argue that Kenya's statutes discriminating against LGBTI persons are unconstitutional and void because of the constitution's broad protection of civil and human rights. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Anaminyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Anaminyi (page does not exist)">Peter Anaminyi</a>, the national director of <a href="/wiki/Feba_Radio" title="Feba Radio">Feba Radio</a> Kenya, predicted in June 2011 that within 18 months there would be a challenge to the constitutionality of the Kenya Penal Code.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Article_2">Article 2</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Article 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 2 of the Constitution of Kenya provides, in paragraph (5) that "the general rules of international law shall form part of the law of Kenya" and, in paragraph (6), that "[a]ny treaty or convention ratified by Kenya shall form part of the law of Kenya under this Constitution". In paragraph (4), the constitution states, "[a]ny law, including customary law, that is inconsistent with [the] Constitution is void to the extent of the inconsistency, and any act or omission in contravention of [the] Constitution is invalid." A <a href="#International_pressure_on_Kenya_to_legalise_same-sex_sexual_activities">subsequent section</a> of this article lists Kenya's obligations under international law and treaties concerning LGBTI rights.<sup id="cite_ref-ILGA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILGA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the extent that any Kenyan law violates Kenya's voluntary or involuntary obligations under international law, the law is arguably void under Article 2.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornell_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornell-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pages: 448–9">: pages: 448–9 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Article_10">Article 10</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Article 10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 10(2)(b) of the Constitution of Kenya provides that, "The national values and principles of governance include ... human dignity, equity, social justice, inclusiveness, equality, human rights, non-discrimination and protection of the marginalised...." Concerning this provision, "Right there, there is a firm basis [for] one to argue against the violation of their [LGBTI persons'] dignity ... on the basis of their gender or sexual orientation. There is firm ground to contest for inclusion, non-discrimination and equality too".<sup id="cite_ref-ILGA_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILGA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Article_19">Article 19</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Article 19"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 19 of the Constitution of Kenya provides that, </p> <blockquote><p>(1) The Bill of Rights [Articles 19-59] is an integral part of Kenya's democratic state and is the framework for social, economic and cultural policies.</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>(2) The purpose of recognizing and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms is to preserve the dignity of individuals and communities and to promote social justice and the realization of the potential of all human beings.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Article_20">Article 20</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Article 20"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 20(3)(b) of the Constitution of Kenya requires courts, when applying a provision of the Bill of Rights, to "adopt the legal interpretation that most favours the enforcement of a right or fundamental freedom". Concerning this article, <a href="/wiki/Makau_W._Mutua" class="mw-redirect" title="Makau W. Mutua">Makau Mutua</a>, the chair of the Kenya Human Rights Commission and the dean at the <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo_Law_School" title="University at Buffalo Law School">University at Buffalo Law School, The State University of New York</a>, says that "where a right is contested, the courts must take the most liberal interpretation of the law to avoid denying the right".<sup id="cite_ref-Mutua_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mutua-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Article_24">Article 24</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Article 24"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 24(1) of the Constitution of Kenya provides that, "A right or fundamental freedom in the Bill of Rights shall not be limited except by law, and then only to the extent that the limitation is reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom, taking into account all relevant factors...." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Article_27">Article 27</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Article 27"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 27 of the Constitution of Kenya provides that, </p> <ol><li>Every person is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and equal benefit of the law.</li> <li>Equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and fundamental freedoms.</li> <li>Women and men have the right to equal treatment, including the right to equal opportunities in political, economic, cultural and social spheres.</li> <li>The State shall not discriminate directly or indirectly against any person on any ground, including race, sex, pregnancy, marital status, health status, ethnic or social origin, colour, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture, dress, language or birth.</li> <li>A person shall not discriminate directly or indirectly against another person on any of the grounds specified or contemplated in clause (4).</li></ol> <p>Concerning this article, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Equal_Rights_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Equal Rights Trust (page does not exist)">The Equal Rights Trust</a> and the non-governmental <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Kenya Human Rights Commission">Kenya Human Rights Commission</a> said in 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>While the Constitution does not explicitly provide for non-discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, there is scope for this to be rectified through the courts or subsequent legislation. Article 27(4) of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 provides that the "state shall not discriminate directly or indirectly on any ground, including [listed characteristics]", while Article 27(5) states that persons shall not discriminate on any of the grounds "specified or contemplated in clause (4)". Thus defined, the prohibition on discrimination by both the state and non-state actors should be read as inclusive of sexual orientation and gender identity. </p> </blockquote> <p>In a May 2012 submission to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Committee" title="United Nations Human Rights Committee">United Nations Human Rights Committee</a>, the government of Kenya agreed with this interpretation of Article 27(4).<sup id="cite_ref-Replies_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Replies-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Makau Mutua argues that the Kenya Penal Code is unconstitutional under this article. He said,<sup id="cite_ref-Mutua_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mutua-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>Article 27, which is the Equal Protection of the Constitution, provides "every person" is "equal before the law" and has the "right to equal protection" before the law. That's an unequivocal, categorical, and blanket protection against discrimination. The article doesn't exclude homosexuals from the ambit of constitutional protection. Further, Article 27(4) prohibits discrimination on the grounds of "sex". The prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sex has been understood to include sexual orientation. The Constitution eliminates all wiggle room by prohibiting both direct and indirect discrimination. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Article_28">Article 28</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Article 28"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 28 of the Constitution of Kenya provides that, "Every person has inherent dignity and the right to have that dignity respected and protected." This article offers "fresh impetus to the rights of the LGBTI community".<sup id="cite_ref-ILGA_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILGA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Article_31">Article 31</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Article 31"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 31 of the Constitution of Kenya provides that, "Every person has the right to privacy...." Privacy is a fundamental human right, enshrined in numerous international human rights instruments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failed_decriminalisation_efforts">Failed decriminalisation efforts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Failed decriminalisation efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, the Cosmopolitan Affirming Church (CAC) opened in Nairobi, becoming the first openly LGBT church in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-hostiledecline_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hostiledecline-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church is considered to be a rare space where Kenya's LGBT community can escape hostility from society.<sup id="cite_ref-hostiledecline_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hostiledecline-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, The Employment and Relations Court in the Kenyan town of Nyeri ordered the Anglican Church of Kenya to reinstate three priests who were suspended in 2015 after allegations surfaced that they were gay.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The priests later sued Bishop Joseph Kagunda of the Mount Kenya West Diocese, and it was later agreed that they would settle the lawsuit through mediation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2018, it was announced that the Anglican Church in Kenya had given each of the three priests individual compensations of <a href="/wiki/Kenyan_shilling" title="Kenyan shilling">KSh.</a>6.8 million/=.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Kenya">High Court of Kenya</a> heard a legal challenge against on 22 and 23 February 2018, filed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenyan_National_Gay_and_Lesbian_Rights_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenyan National Gay and Lesbian Rights Commission (page does not exist)">Kenyan National Gay and Lesbian Rights Commission</a> (NGLHRC) will argue that sections of the Kenyan Penal Code are in breach of the Constitution and deny basic rights to Kenyan citizens. The case, <i>Eric Gitari v Attorney General & another</i> (Petition no. 150 of 2016) filed in 2016, seeks to strike down sections Section 162 (a) and (c) and section 165 of the Penal Code (Cap 63) that criminalise consensual same sex relations between adults. Eric Gitari, executive director of NGLHRC—and the main petitioner—states that sections of the Penal Code are used to justify violence against LGBT persons in Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitutional division of Kenya's High Court will hear submissions from both parties on 25 October on the relevance of <a href="/wiki/Navtej_Singh_Johar_v._Union_of_India" title="Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India">the decision by the Supreme Court of India to legalise gay sex by overturning Section 377</a> to Kenya, given that both countries have shared the law—dating back to the days of British colonial rule—that criminalises "sexual acts against the order of nature".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The High Court was expected to announce its ruling on 22 February 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the scheduled date, however, it was announced that the ruling would be delayed until 24 May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 May 2019, the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_(Kenya)" title="High Court (Kenya)">High Court of Kenya</a> refused an order to declare sections 162 and 165 unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-kahawatungu.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kahawatungu.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LGBT activists vowed to file an appeal in the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Kenya" title="Court of Appeal of Kenya">Court of Appeal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a separate case, a Court of Appeal in <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>, Kenya, ruled on 22 March 2018, that conducting forced anal examinations on people who are accused of same-sex relations is unconstitutional. The ruling reversed a 2016 High Court decision that had upheld the Kenyan authorities' use of forced anal exams to attempt to provide evidence of homosexual conduct. The National Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (NGLHRC), a nongovernmental organisation based in Nairobi, filed a constitutional challenge after police arrested two men in Kwale County in February 2015 on charges of homosexuality, and subjected them to forced anal exams, HIV tests, and hepatitis B tests at Mombasa's Madaraka Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this decision, Empowering Marginalized Communities (EMAC), a non governmental organization based in Machakos county prosecuted a case that involved two members of the LGBT community who were allegedly caught having sex in Kakuyuni area of Kangundo sub-county. The two men were taken for anal examination at the Kangundo Level 4 hospital. This was contested at the magistrate court of Kangundo and thus the anal examination was halted.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pending_bill_to_punish_homosexuality_with_death">Pending bill to punish homosexuality with death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pending bill to punish homosexuality with death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2023" title="Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023">Anti-Homosexuality Act</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, a "similarly formulated bill" called the Family Protection Bill was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kenya)" title="National Assembly (Kenya)">National Assembly</a> in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill, written and introduced by Parliament member George Peter Opondo Kaluma, allows "aggravated homosexuality" to be punished with death and would criminalize all promotion of LGBT activity.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition_of_same-sex_unions">Recognition of same-sex unions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Recognition of same-sex unions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Kenya" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Kenya">Recognition of same-sex unions in Kenya</a></div> <p>Article 45(2) of the Constitution of Kenya specifically authorises heterosexual marriage but makes no reference to same-sex marriage; "Every adult has the right to marry a person of the opposite sex, based on the free consent of the parties".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2009, two Kenyan men, Charles Ngengi and Daniel Chege, became civil partners at a ceremony in London, United Kingdom. The ceremony received widespread attention in Kenya, most of it critical. Chege's relatives were harassed severely by people living in his home village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gathiru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gathiru (page does not exist)">Gathiru</a> in <a href="/wiki/Muranga_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Muranga County">Murang'a District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="False_rumor_about_impending_same-sex_marriage_in_Mtwapa">False rumor about impending same-sex marriage in Mtwapa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: False rumor about impending same-sex marriage in Mtwapa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2010, a rumor spread in the coastal town of <a href="/wiki/Mtwapa" title="Mtwapa">Mtwapa</a> that two Kenyan men were going to marry in a local hotel. The rumor unleashed a "house-to-house witch hunt by anti-gay vigilantes, street attacks targeting gay men, the sacking of an AIDS-fighting medical center, and a widening wave of ultra-homophobic national media coverage".<sup id="cite_ref-False_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-False-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A local radio station, Kaya FM, picked up the story and started a series of programs on gays, which "included phone-in talk shows filled with homophobic discourse and incitements to violence".<sup id="cite_ref-False_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-False-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baraka FM, Rahma FM, and ultimately national radio stations including Kiss and Classic FM also ran the story. Five days before the date of the non-existent wedding, "many of the muftis and imams discussed the impending wedding during Friday prayers and asked the community to be vigilant against homosexuals. They told their congregants to demonstrate and to flush out homosexuals from the midst of Mtwapa and to ensure that no gay wedding took place".<sup id="cite_ref-False_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-False-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The day before the non-existent wedding, a press conference condemning the wedding was held by Sheikh Ali Hussein, regional coordinator of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Imams_and_Preachers_of_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya (page does not exist)">Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya</a>, together with Bishop Lawrence Chai, regional representative of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_of_Kenya" title="National Council of Churches of Kenya">National Council of Churches of Kenya</a>. They warned that "God is about to punish the fastest-growing town in the Coast region. Come night, come day, we shall not allow that marriage to be conducted in this town tomorrow. We shall stand firm to flush out gays who throng this town every weekend from all corners of this country".<sup id="cite_ref-False_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-False-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They also warned the owner of a building in the town, who was allegedly renting rooms only to homosexuals, to evict them within seven days or face their wrath. The two denounced the Mtwapa clinic run by the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Medical_Research_Institute" title="Kenya Medical Research Institute">Kenya Medical Research Institute</a>, which has an AIDS program for counseling and treating men who have sex with men. "We ask that the government shut it down with immediate effect or we will descend on its officials".<sup id="cite_ref-False_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-False-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A former member of Kenya's parliament, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omar_Masumbuko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omar Masumbuko (page does not exist)">Omar Masumbuko</a>, addressed the mob gathered outside the police station. He said that "homosexuality must be stopped and every means used to make that happen".<sup id="cite_ref-False_44-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-False-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He told the crowd "they should not even bother to bring the homosexuals they find to the police station but should take care of the issue themselves".<sup id="cite_ref-False_44-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-False-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_female_same-sex_marriage">Traditional female same-sex marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Traditional female same-sex marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Female same-sex marriage is practiced among the <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Gikuyu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nandi_people" title="Nandi people">Nandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Kamba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kipsigis_people" title="Kipsigis people">Kipsigis</a>, and to a lesser extent neighboring peoples. Approximately 5–10% of women in these nations are in such marriages. However, this is not seen as homosexual, but is instead a way for families without sons to keep their inheritance within the family. The couples are considered married, though the terms used for them are <i>mother-in-law</i> and <i>daughter-in-law</i>. The female "husband" (the "mother-in-law") carries on the family name and property, while the female "wife" (the "daughter-in-law") bears children, with the intention of having a son. The female "husband" may be widowed, but may also have a living male husband, but he will not be the father of the female "wife's" children, and the identity of the biological father, though often kin, is kept secret. Such marriages may be polygamous; in 2010 a woman was interviewed who had taken five wives.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption_and_family_planning">Adoption and family planning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Adoption and family planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Children Act, 2001 makes homosexuals and unmarried couples ineligible to adopt children.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even if that ineligibility does not apply specifically, "a court may refuse to make an adoption order in respect of any person or persons if it is satisfied for any reason that it would not be in the best interests of the welfare of the child to do so".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gender_identity_and_expression">Gender identity and expression</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gender identity and expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With respect to <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> persons, there is no legal means to change your gender in Kenya. The governmental <a href="/wiki/Kenya_National_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Kenya National Commission on Human Rights">Kenya National Commission on Human Rights</a> reported in April 2012 that the transgender community face much discrimination in the country:<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>[T]ransgender people in Kenya suffer stigma and discrimination and are not able to access gender re-assignment therapy. A witness who testified at the Inquiry indicated that she had undergone all the processes of re-assignment but Kenyatta National Hospital declined the surgery and did not offer any reasons for declining. Her attempts to appeal to the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentist's Board have not been successful. Without being allowed to complete the therapy, transgender people suffer identity problems since they are biologically either male or female, yet they present themselves in one of the gender by mode of dressing, personality expressions or through other socially defined roles. When arrested, police often face difficulties regarding what cells (male or female) to detain transgender individuals. When at entertainment areas, they are afraid of using bathrooms designated for either sex for fear of being caught by other people and accused or mistaken to be using bathrooms for sexual crimes. The witness testified that sometimes they meet opposite sex partners who demand to have sexual relationships with them. When they discover that they are not female or male (depending on the gender of the sex partner), they scream and attract members of public to the hotel room causing public nuisance, stigma and embarrassment to the transgender person. </p> </blockquote> <p>Transgender people face stigma, discrimination, and violence in Kenya. Discrimination in particular is prevalent, as is sexual violence. This is in the areas of recognition of a <a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">third sex</a> by the government, access to justice, employment and other spheres of public life. </p><p>Transgender Education and Advocacy (TEA) is "a human rights organisation working towards ending human rights violations against transgender / transsexual people. Established in December 2008, the TEA aims to change the public mentality towards transgender / transsexual people through awareness raising campaigns, advocating for legal and policy reforms[,] and empowering transgender / transsexual people".<sup id="cite_ref-TEA_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEA-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intersex_rights">Intersex rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Intersex rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Kenya" title="Intersex rights in Kenya">Intersex rights in Kenya</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a> people face stigma, discrimination, and violence in Kenya, including mutilation and non-consensual medical interventions, and difficulties in obtaining documentation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_pressure">International pressure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: International pressure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ColognePride_2015,_Parade-7562.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ColognePride_2015%2C_Parade-7562.jpg/220px-ColognePride_2015%2C_Parade-7562.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ColognePride_2015%2C_Parade-7562.jpg/330px-ColognePride_2015%2C_Parade-7562.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ColognePride_2015%2C_Parade-7562.jpg/440px-ColognePride_2015%2C_Parade-7562.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>LGBT activists at <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Pride" title="Cologne Pride">Cologne Pride</a> carrying a banner with the flags of 72 countries where <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">homosexuality is illegal</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reports_and_recommendations_under_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights">Reports and recommendations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Reports and recommendations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kenya became a party to the <a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a> on 1 May 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-ICCPR_Status_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICCPR_Status-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Article 40 of the Covenant,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Committee" title="United Nations Human Rights Committee">United Nations Human Rights Committee</a> (UNHRC) reviewed and made recommendations on 24 March 2005 concerning Kenya's 18-years-late second periodic report. The UNHRC urged Kenya to repeal Section 162, Penal Code, which criminalises homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-Conclude_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conclude-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 6">: page: 6 </span></sup> On 19 August 2010 in its third periodic report, Kenya responded formally to this recommendation:<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>Kenya may not decriminalize same sex unions at this stage as such acts are considered as taboo and offences against the order of nature which are repugnant to cultural values and morality. Indeed the public gave overwhelming presentations to the Committee of Experts [on Constitutional Review] against the inclusion of same sex rights under the new constitution. It must however be reiterated that the government does not discriminate against anyone in the provision of services. No one is ever required under the law to declare their sexual orientation under any circumstances. </p> </blockquote> <p>Kenya further addressed these issues in May 2012:<sup id="cite_ref-Replies_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Replies-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>Kenya is currently not undertaking any measures to decriminalize same sex unions. Public opinion is strongly against the legalization of same sex unions. The Constitution provides under article 45 (2) that a person has the right to marry a person of the opposite sex, based on the free consent of both parties. However, under article 27 (4), the Constitution, the grounds prohibited for non-discrimination are not limited and therefore this allows room for individuals to claim the violation of their rights on the grounds of their sexual orientation, in the event that they are discriminated against either directly or indirectly by the State or other individuals. ... Until such time that public opinion will change, the Government has tried to accord certain protections to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender ... persons. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universal_Periodic_Reviews">Universal Periodic Reviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Universal Periodic Reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Committee" title="United Nations Human Rights Committee">United Nations Human Rights Committee</a> (UNHRC) in May 2010 completed a <a href="/wiki/Universal_Periodic_Review" title="Universal Periodic Review">Universal Periodic Review</a> of the human rights situation in Kenya. During the review, Kenya stated:<sup id="cite_ref-UPR_Kenya_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPR_Kenya-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 8 ¶ 50">: page: 8 ¶ 50 </span></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>With regard to same-sex relationships, there had been serious intolerance because of cultural beliefs and overwhelming opposition to the decriminalization of such relationships, as observed during the constitutional review process. However, the Government did not support discrimination in terms of access to services. </p> </blockquote> <p>The following recommendations were made to Kenya (the country that initiated the recommendation is listed in parentheses):<sup id="cite_ref-UPR_Kenya_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPR_Kenya-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 22 ¶ 103.5">: page: 22 ¶ 103.5 </span></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>Take concrete steps to provide for the protection and equal treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons (Netherlands); decriminalize same-sex activity between consenting adults (Czech Republic); repeal all legislative provisions which criminalize sexual activity between consenting adults (United States of America); decriminalize homosexuality by abrogating the legal provisions currently punishing sexual relations between consenting individuals of the same sex, and subscribe to the December 2008 General Assembly Declaration on sexual orientation and human rights (France) </p> </blockquote> <p>In response, Kenya indicated on 6 May 2010 that same-sex unions were culturally unacceptable in Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-UPR_Kenya_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPR_Kenya-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 23 ¶ 108">: page: 23 ¶ 108 </span></sup> More specifically, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Kibara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Kibara (page does not exist)">Geoffrey Kibara</a>, Secretary, Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Ministry of Justice, National Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs, said on behalf of the Kenyan delegation:<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>We wish to state as follows. One, there has been a serious intolerance to homosexual relationships in the country because of cultural beliefs. In fact, these relationships are considered taboo in Kenya. The only way we see these being accepted would be over the long term if there are cultural changes. But currently there is serious opposition to decriminalizing same-sex relationships. In fact, during the constitution-making process, public views were received on this and they were overwhelmingly towards continuing the current criminalization of same-sex relationships. But we also want to state that as a government, we do not support discrimination on people who practice same-sex relationships. Discrimination whether in terms of access to services is expressly outlawed, particularly with regard to access to HIV/AIDS prevention and support facilities. The law that is HIV and AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 2006 expressly prohibits any discrimination towards same-sex relationships or people on the basis of their sexual orientation. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pressure_from_the_U.S._Department_of_State">Pressure from the U.S. Department of State</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pressure from the U.S. Department of State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>'s 2011 human rights report found that "societal discrimination based on sexual orientation was widespread [in 2011] and resulted in loss of employment and educational opportunities. Violence against the LGBT community also occurred, particularly in rural areas and among refugees. [Nongovernmental organisation] groups reported that police intervened to stop attacks but were not generally sympathetic to LGBT individuals or concerns".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 June 2012, the United States embassy in Nairobi held what was believed to be the first ever LGBT pride event in Kenya. A public affairs officer at the embassy said, "The U.S. government for its part has made it clear that the advancement of human rights for LGBT people is central to our human rights policies around the world and to the realisation of our foreign policy goals". Similar events were held at other U.S. embassies around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion_and_living_conditions">Public opinion and living conditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Public opinion and living conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rules_kenya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rules_kenya.jpg/200px-Rules_kenya.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rules_kenya.jpg/300px-Rules_kenya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rules_kenya.jpg/400px-Rules_kenya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="2864" /></a><figcaption>Guest house rules in the predominantly Islamic<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> East Coast</figcaption></figure> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:darkred; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:9.517294753398px; border-width:0 0 90.482705246602px 42.577929156507px; border-bottom-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:41.221474770753px; border-width:0 0 58.778525229247px 80.901699437495px; border-bottom-color:lightgrey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:46.4173205021px; border-width:0 0 53.5826794979px 84.432792550202px; border-bottom-color:#06F"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:81.261868541428px; border-width:0 0 18.738131458572px 98.228725072869px; border-bottom-color:#025"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Public opinion on same-sex marriage (2023) based on <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#025; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Strongly favor (3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#06F; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Somewhat favor (6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Not sure (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Somewhat oppose (8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkred; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Strongly oppose (82%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Global Attitudes Project</a>, 14% of Kenyans said homosexuality should be accepted by society up from 1% in 2002. However, a majority (83%) responded that homosexuality should not be accepted by society.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The non-governmental <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Kenya Human Rights Commission">Kenya Human Rights Commission</a> published, in 2011, the first research paper on the legal and social status of LGBTI people in Kenya. Among those who <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">came out</a> or were <a href="/wiki/Outing" title="Outing">outed</a> to their family members, 89 percent reported that they were disowned.<sup id="cite_ref-Outlawed_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Outlawed-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pages: 24–25">: pages: 24–25 </span></sup> Employees were reported to have been terminated or subjected to hostility, ridicule, humiliation, and discrimination when their sexual orientation or gender identity became known in the workplace.<sup id="cite_ref-Outlawed_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Outlawed-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 26">: page: 26 </span></sup> </p><p>Traditional religious and cultural values play a substantial role in this figures. Leaders within the three dominate religions in Kenya, Catholic, Anglican and Islamic, condemn homosexuality and transgender identity as signs of decadence, disease, and immorality. </p><p>In June 2011, Kisauni Islamic College principal Sheikh Majid Obeid blamed inflation and drought on people who engage in same-sex acts. Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya Organizing secretary Sheikh Mohammed Khalifa said, "We are asking Kenyans to shun businesses owned by such people and further show them open discrimination as a way of stopping the beastly act. They grossly abuse rights of others and should not be accepted among the society".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A mob of 100 people led by religious leaders and village elders on 23 February 2012 stormed a meeting of homosexuals at the Likoni CDF Youth Empowerment and Library Centre. <a href="/wiki/Likoni" title="Likoni">Likoni</a> police boss Abagarro Guyo and district officer Moses Ouma then ordered the meeting closed. Sheikh Amir Zani of the Muzadhalfa mosque described the seminar as "illegal, ungodly and unacceptable". He threatened to "mobilise the community to <a href="/wiki/Caning" title="Caning">cane</a> the gays if they organised such a meeting again". But the Ministry of Youth and Sports district officer, David Ogal, defended the organisers of the seminar and accused residents of misunderstanding their aims:<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>Here we are dealing with very vital education to vulnerable groups, including ... gays.... We are offering peer and HIV/AIDS education to the youth because they are at the highest risk of infection. ... The gay community, like other groups, approached us and requested to be educated on safe sex. They have a right to safe sex. By doing this, we are not promoting homosexuality but imparting knowledge. There is a lot of social discrimination and stigma about the issue and we as a society must fight it. </p> </blockquote> <p>The governmental <a href="/wiki/Kenya_National_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Kenya National Commission on Human Rights">Kenya National Commission on Human Rights</a> reported in April 2012 that,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>LGBIs are discriminated, stigmatised and subjected to violence because of their sexual orientation. In cases where they need medical care, they suffer stigma perpetuated by health care providers who breach their privacy and confidentiality by exposing their sexual orientation to other colleagues at the facilities. The health care providers are not friendly and hardly understand their sexual and reproductive health needs. ... LGBIs face physical harassment by members of public who mock and assault them for practicing "unnatural" sexual relations. In cases of assault by mob justice, the police often fail to come to their rescue. Upon arrest, police subject them to unnecessary body and house searches allegedly looking for evidence that could link them to other crimes. They are profiled as drug users, past prison convicts or individuals with track records of crimes. They often face <a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention" title="Arbitrary arrest and detention">arbitrary arrest</a>, are often detained at the police stations, subjected to torture and unnecessary harassment by the police who extort money from them and are only released after bribing their way out. They also suffer sexual abuse from the arresting officers. ... When their identities are discovered, LGBIs cannot seek employment or undertake other forms of business—for example, running a kiosk. Sometimes, they have to keep relocating to different residential areas to hide their identity. ... Further they are often evicted from their rental houses by neighbours and condemned for their orientation which is termed evil. In cases where they are not evicted ..., they are not allowed to use common utilities in the residential compounds such as swimming pools. LGBIs are also unable to access spiritual nourishment from the society because they are labelled as evil and the teachings in places of worship interpret LGBI activities as unnatural and unacceptable. </p> </blockquote> <p>In response, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Karanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Karanja (page does not exist)">Peter Karanja</a>, the general secretary of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_of_Kenya" title="National Council of Churches of Kenya">National Council of Churches of Kenya</a>, said on 11 May 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>We are concerned that the direction the debate has taken is that of the recognition of homosexuality and prostitution which are against African beliefs and more so our Christian principles. This is a matter that deserves reflective discussion by our society in recognition of our values and beliefs. This is a view shared by our Muslim brothers and sisters. We do not however imply that those who practice them should be locked up, we believe they need assistance to change from these. </p> </blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Julius_Kalu" title="Julius Kalu">Julius Kalu</a>, a bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Kenya" title="Anglican Church of Kenya">Anglican Church of Kenya</a> in Mombasa, was reported to have said in July 2012 that the movement to allow same-sex marriages is a bigger threat to the Christian church than terrorism, even though Christians in Kenya have endured several terror attacks in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on 11 August 2012 during a meeting with LGBT Christians, Kalu denied having made that statement: "It was not me who said that gays are worse than terrorists. Never. However, all things work together for good to those who love God and I confess to you that, that article, however disparaging and infamous, has helped me know a lot about LGBT people. Because of it, I have been contacted by my fellow bishops in the listening group in the UK, Canada[,] and individual LGBTI people in Kenya. Therefore, let me clear the air on this issue, I never said anything of that sort! This is my very first time to ever see or even meet with LGBTI people and especially from Kenya. It is indeed a shame to me that I've been shepherding to LGBTI people in the Anglican Church when I even don't know!" The July 2012 murder of Tanzanian LGBT rights campaigner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Mjomba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Mjomba (page does not exist)">Maurice Mjomba</a> was raised during the meeting and Kalu was reported to have "appeared visibly disturbed, saddened[,] and struck with grief" by the news. According to the report, "he stated that there was a need for human societies to live in love, care[,] and harmony with one another without assigning indifferences." He condemned the murder of Mjomba as a "heinous and cowardly" act and expressed the wish that someday soon LGBTI people will live in a free world without "violence and discrimination".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Film_Classification_Board" title="Kenya Film Classification Board">Kenya Film Classification Board</a> (KFCB) banned the LGBT-themed film <i><a href="/wiki/Stories_of_Our_Lives" title="Stories of Our Lives">Stories of Our Lives</a></i>, made by a Nairobi-based arts collective, from distribution or screening in Kenya, on the grounds that it "promotes" homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Mark Kariuki, head of the Evangelical Alliance in Kenya and a bishop, said that then U.S. President Barack Obama should "leave the gay talk in America" during his state visit to Kenya. He also said that he does not want to "open doors for [Kenya] to be destroyed."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Rafiki_(film)" title="Rafiki (film)">Rafiki</a></i>, a 2018 Kenyan <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a> film directed by <a href="/wiki/Wanuri_Kahiu" title="Wanuri Kahiu">Wanuri Kahiu</a> was internationally successful and the first Kenyan film to be screened at the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> in France. However it was banned by the KFCB "due to its homosexual theme and clear intent to promote lesbianism in Kenya contrary to the law".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KFCB warned that anyone found in possession of the film would be in breach of the law in Kenya, where gay sex is punishable by 14 years in jail. The ban raised international outrage by the supporters of LGBT rights.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The film's director, Wanuri Kahiu, sued Kenya's government, to allow the film to be screened and become eligible to be submitted as Kenya's entry for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a> at the <a href="/wiki/91st_Academy_Awards" title="91st Academy Awards">91st Academy Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenya_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenya-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 September 2018, the Kenyan High Court lifted the ban on the film, allowing it to be screened in the country for seven days, therefore meeting the eligibility requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the ban was lifted, the film was shown to a sold-out crowd at a cinema in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the ban being lifted, it was not selected as Kenya's submission in the Foreign Language Film category, with <i><a href="/wiki/Supa_Modo" title="Supa Modo">Supa Modo</a></i> being sent instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Modo_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modo-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_of_government_officials">Views of government officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Views of government officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2010, Kenyan Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a> said the behavior of gay couples was "unnatural" and that, "If found the homosexuals should be arrested and taken to relevant authorities". He asserted that "there was no need for homosexual relationships" because the most recent census showed there were more women than men. He said it was "madness for a man to fall in love with another man while there were plenty of women" and that "there was no need for women to engage in lesbianism yet they can bear children".<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days later, Odinga denied ordering the arrest of gay couples, saying he meant only that same-sex marriages are illegal in Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2010, the commissioner of prisons, Isaiah Osugo, announced a plan for <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">closed-circuit television</a> surveillance in Kenyan prisons to curb <a href="/wiki/Prison_sexuality" title="Prison sexuality">sex</a> between male inmates.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chief justice of the Kenyan Supreme Court, <a href="/wiki/Willy_Mutunga" title="Willy Mutunga">Willy Munyoki Mutunga</a>, said at a groundbreaking ceremony for <a href="/w/index.php?title=FIDA_Uganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FIDA Uganda (page does not exist)">FIDA Uganda</a> in Kampala on 8 September 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>The other frontier of marginalization is the gay rights movement. Gay rights are human rights. Here I'm simply confining my statement to the context of human rights and social justice paradigm, and avoiding the controversy that exists in our constitutions and various legislation. As far as I know, human rights principles that we work on, do not allow us to implement human rights selectively. We need clarity on this issue within the human rights movement in East Africa, if we are to face the challenges that are spearheaded by powerful political and religious forces in our midst. I find the arguments made by some of our human rights activists, the so-called "moral arguments", simply rationalizations for using human rights principles opportunistically and selectively. We need to bring together the opposing viewpoints in the movement of this issue for final and conclusive debate. </p> </blockquote> <p>When former U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> visited Kenya in July 2015, Kenyan President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> rebutted Obama's stance on equal rights for all, including sexual orientation, by stating that for Kenyans LGBT rights are a non-issue and not in line with Kenyan culture.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2018, Kenyan President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> said that LGBT rights are "not acceptable" and "of no importance to the people of the Republic of Kenya." He also added that the LGBT rights issue in Kenya is not an "issue of human rights" but an "issue of [Kenyan] society and culture."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="LGBT_rights_movement_in_Kenya">LGBT rights movement in Kenya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: LGBT rights movement in Kenya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Galck%2B" title="Galck+">Galck+</a></div> <p>LGBT rights organisations in Kenya include <a href="/wiki/Galck%2B" title="Galck+">Galck+</a>, <i>Gay Kenya Trust</i>, <i>National Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Commission</i>, and the <i>East Africa Trans Health & Advocacy Network</i>. </p><p>In March 2019, 3 out of 5 judges in the Court of Appeal ruled that the government could not use colonial-era laws criminalising gay sexual activity to block the National Gay Lesbian Human Rights Commission (NGLHRC) from being registered as a non-profit organization, and dismissed the appeal after the government's Non-Governmental Organisations Coordination Board rejecting its application for registration as a charity on the basis that it was for gay and lesbian people.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government appealed the judgment to the Supreme Court, which in a 3-2 decision in 2023 dismissed the appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-supreme-court-ngo-ruling_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supreme-court-ngo-ruling-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The body of murdered LGBTQ activist and fashion business owner, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Chiloba" title="Edwin Chiloba">Edwin Chiloba</a>, was found in <a href="/wiki/Uasin_Gishu_County" title="Uasin Gishu County">Uasin Gishu</a> on 3 January 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 30, 2024, the Mombasa High Court issued a ruling to stop anti-gay groups from inciting violence against the LGBTQ+ community, which was initiated by the Centre for Minority Rights and Strategic Litigation (CMRSL) who are seeking to protect the LGBTQ+ community from discrimination. The final ruling of this decision is expected to be on July 24, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_table">Summary table</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Summary table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Same-sex sexual activity legal </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Penalty: Up to 21 years in prison with fines. In 2023, member of parliament <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Kaluma_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Kaluma (politician) (page does not exist)">Peter Kaluma</a> tabled a bill to penalise non-consensual homosexual acts with 50 years' imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Equal age of consent </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anti-discrimination laws in employment only </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-question.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emblem-question.svg/15px-Emblem-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emblem-question.svg/23px-Emblem-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emblem-question.svg/30px-Emblem-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> Limited protection under the Children Act 2022. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (Incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Same-sex marriages </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> (Constitutional ban since 2010)<sup id="cite_ref-KenyaRights_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KenyaRights-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Recognition of same-sex couples </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stepchild adoption by same-sex couples </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joint adoption by same-sex couples </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>LGBT people allowed to serve openly in the military </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Right to change legal gender </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-question.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emblem-question.svg/15px-Emblem-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emblem-question.svg/23px-Emblem-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emblem-question.svg/30px-Emblem-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access to IVF for lesbians </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Conversion therapy made illegal </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>LGBT propaganda laws removed allowing LGBT freedom of expression </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">MSMs</a> allowed to donate blood </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/23px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/48px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/64px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kenya" title="Portal:Kenya">Kenya portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kenya" title="Human rights in Kenya">Human rights in Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Kenya Human Rights Commission">Kenya Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Africa">LGBT rights in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Nzioka" title="Denis Nzioka">Denis Nzioka</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-25927595">"Where is it illegal to be gay?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150812100906/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-25927595">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Where+is+it+illegal+to+be+gay%3F&rft.date=2014-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-25927595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalerno2024" class="citation web cs1">Salerno, Rob (4 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://76crimes.com/2024/01/03/2023-world-same-sex-marriage-and-lgbt-rights-progress-part-4-africa-and-oceania/">"2023 World Same-Sex Marriage and LGBT Rights Progress – Part 4: Africa and Oceania"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107201646/https://76crimes.com/2024/01/03/2023-world-same-sex-marriage-and-lgbt-rights-progress-part-4-africa-and-oceania/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+World+Same-Sex+Marriage+and+LGBT+Rights+Progress+%E2%80%93+Part+4%3A+Africa+and+Oceania&rft.date=2024-01-04&rft.aulast=Salerno&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F76crimes.com%2F2024%2F01%2F03%2F2023-world-same-sex-marriage-and-lgbt-rights-progress-part-4-africa-and-oceania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KenyaRights-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KenyaRights_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KenyaRights_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KenyaRights_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502033522/http://kenyaembassy.com/pdfs/The%20Constitution%20of%20Kenya.pdf">"Kenya Constitution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kenyaembassy.com/pdfs/The%20Constitution%20of%20Kenya.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kenya+Constitution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenyaembassy.com%2Fpdfs%2FThe%2520Constitution%2520of%2520Kenya.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/23/why-are-kenya-and-uganda-cracking-down-on-lgbtq-rights">"Why are Kenya and Uganda cracking down on LGBTQ rights?"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 23 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824115914/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/23/why-are-kenya-and-uganda-cracking-down-on-lgbtq-rights">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Why+are+Kenya+and+Uganda+cracking+down+on+LGBTQ+rights%3F&rft.date=2023-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F3%2F23%2Fwhy-are-kenya-and-uganda-cracking-down-on-lgbtq-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PinkNews-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PinkNews_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PinkNews_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansford" class="citation web cs1">Hansford, Amelia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/07/20/kenya-anti-homosexuality-law-africa/">"Kenya set to introduce cruel anti-homosexuality law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PinkNews" title="PinkNews">PinkNews</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240909111329/https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/07/20/kenya-anti-homosexuality-law-africa/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PinkNews&rft.atitle=Kenya+set+to+introduce+cruel+anti-homosexuality+law&rft.aulast=Hansford&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepinknews.com%2F2023%2F07%2F20%2Fkenya-anti-homosexuality-law-africa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kahawatungu.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kahawatungu.com_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kahawatungu.com_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529140320/https://www.kahawatungu.com/2019/05/24/high-court-declines-repeal-section-162-penal-code/">"Blow To LGBTQ As High Court Declines To Repeal Section 162 of the Penal Code"</a>. <i>KahawaTungu</i>. 24 May 2019. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KahawaTungu&rft.atitle=Blow+To+LGBTQ+As+High+Court+Declines+To+Repeal+Section+162+of+the+Penal+Code&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kahawatungu.com%2F2019%2F05%2F24%2Fhigh-court-declines-repeal-section-162-penal-code%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGubbalaPoushterHuang" class="citation web cs1">Gubbala, Sneha; Poushter, Jacob; Huang, Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/11/27/how-people-around-the-world-view-same-sex-marriage/">"How people around the world view same-sex marriage"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240523143342/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/11/27/how-people-around-the-world-view-same-sex-marriage/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=How+people+around+the+world+view+same-sex+marriage&rft.aulast=Gubbala&rft.aufirst=Sneha&rft.au=Poushter%2C+Jacob&rft.au=Huang%2C+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2023%2F11%2F27%2Fhow-people-around-the-world-view-same-sex-marriage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lucas Barasa and Joy Wanja (18 May 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kenya%20gay%20demand%20recognition/-/1056/920592/-/144aref/-/index.html">"Kenya gay demand recognition"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180912204453/https://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kenya%20gay%20demand%20recognition/-/1056/920592/-/144aref/-/index.html">Archived</a> 12 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Saturday Nation</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120720041354/http://www.mask.org.za/arrest-gays-kenyan-pm-orders/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Arrest Gays, Kenyan PM Orders", Behind the Mask, 30 November 2010"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mask.org.za/arrest-gays-kenyan-pm-orders">the original</a> on 20 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Arrest+Gays%2C+Kenyan+PM+Orders%22%2C+Behind+the+Mask%2C+30+November+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mask.org.za%2Farrest-gays-kenyan-pm-orders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11864702">"Kenya gay activist criticises Odinga crackdown threat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414133716/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11864702">Archived</a> 14 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> - Africa</i>, 29 November 2010, accessed 30 November 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606193855/http://www.kenyalaw.org/Downloads/GreyBook/8.%20The%20Penal%20Code.pdf">"Kenya Penal Code, Sections 162, 163, and 165"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kenyalaw.org/Downloads/GreyBook/8.%20The%20Penal%20Code.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kenya+Penal+Code%2C+Sections+162%2C+163%2C+and+165&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenyalaw.org%2FDownloads%2FGreyBook%2F8.%2520The%2520Penal%2520Code.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Outlawed-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Outlawed_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Outlawed_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Outlawed_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115202859/http://www.khrc.or.ke/resources/publications/doc_download/14-the-outlawed-amongst-us.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Outlawed Amongst Us", Kenya Human Rights Commission, 2011"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khrc.or.ke/resources/publications/doc_download/14-the-outlawed-amongst-us.html">the original</a> on 15 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+Outlawed+Amongst+Us%22%2C+Kenya+Human+Rights+Commission%2C+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khrc.or.ke%2Fresources%2Fpublications%2Fdoc_download%2F14-the-outlawed-amongst-us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/581a19852994ca08211faca4/t/620aff8a94673a4ebb7c3ee7/1644887955628/2020_2021+ANNUAL+LEGAL+AID+REPORT.pdf">"2020/2021 Annual Legal Aid Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404134601/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/581a19852994ca08211faca4/t/620aff8a94673a4ebb7c3ee7/1644887955628/2020_2021+ANNUAL+LEGAL+AID+REPORT.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020%2F2021+Annual+Legal+Aid+Report&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic1.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F581a19852994ca08211faca4%2Ft%2F620aff8a94673a4ebb7c3ee7%2F1644887955628%2F2020_2021%2BANNUAL%2BLEGAL%2BAID%2BREPORT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkata2024" class="citation web cs1">Okata, Jackson (April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/interactive/asequals/trans-intersex-people-kenya-survival-as-equals-intl-cmd/">"How trans and intersex people in Kenya have to bribe police, hospitals and landlords to survive"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404134601/https://www.cnn.com/interactive/asequals/trans-intersex-people-kenya-survival-as-equals-intl-cmd/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=How+trans+and+intersex+people+in+Kenya+have+to+bribe+police%2C+hospitals+and+landlords+to+survive&rft.date=2024-04&rft.aulast=Okata&rft.aufirst=Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Finteractive%2Fasequals%2Ftrans-intersex-people-kenya-survival-as-equals-intl-cmd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/200910190050.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Kenya: Law Review Experts Rule Out Rights for Homosexuals", <i>Daily Nation</i>, reported by Mathias Ringa, reprinted in allAfrica.com, 18 October 2009"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091220093216/http://allafrica.com/stories/200910190050.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Kenya%3A+Law+Review+Experts+Rule+Out+Rights+for+Homosexuals%22%2C+Daily+Nation%2C+reported+by+Mathias+Ringa%2C+reprinted+in+allAfrica.com%2C+18+October+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F200910190050.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Anaminyi (2 June 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jun/02/kenya-gay-rights-chief-justice">"Kenya is on the verge of a 'Gene Robinson' moment"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707093932/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jun/02/kenya-gay-rights-chief-justice">Archived</a> 7 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ILGA-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ILGA_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ILGA_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ILGA_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilga.org/ilga/en/article/n7KS5721p2"><i>Kenya: Gay Kenyans must join the civil society</i>, interview with Mugambi Kiai</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102012237/http://ilga.org/ilga/en/article/n7KS5721p2">Archived</a> 2 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cornell-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cornell_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Courtney E. Finerty (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/ILJ/upload/Finerty-final-version.pdf">"Being Gay in Kenya: The Implications of Kenya's New Constitution for its Anti-Sodomy Laws"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180517122347/http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/ILJ/upload/Finerty-final-version.pdf">Archived</a> 17 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Cornell International Law Journal</i>, v. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mutua-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mutua_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mutua_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Makau_Mutua" title="Makau Mutua">Makau Mutua</a> (12 May 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Rights+body+has+finally+stood+up+for+gays+and+lesbians+/-/440808/1404672/-/3nygsqz/-/index.html">"Rights body has finally stood up for gays and lesbians"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190311041549/https://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Rights+body+has+finally+stood+up+for+gays+and+lesbians+/-/440808/1404672/-/3nygsqz/-/index.html">Archived</a> 11 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Daily Nation</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.equalrightstrust.org/ertdocumentbank/Kenya_Part_2_Patterns.pdf">"<i>In the Spirit of Harambee</i>, The Equal Rights Trust, in partnership with the Kenya Human Rights Commission, 27 February 2012, pages 119-120"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516170259/http://www.equalrightstrust.org/ertdocumentbank/Kenya_Part_2_Patterns.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+the+Spirit+of+Harambee%2C+The+Equal+Rights+Trust%2C+in+partnership+with+the+Kenya+Human+Rights+Commission%2C+27+February+2012%2C+pages+119-120&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.equalrightstrust.org%2Fertdocumentbank%2FKenya_Part_2_Patterns.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Replies-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Replies_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Replies_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/CCPR.C.KEN.Q.3.Add.1.doc">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Replies from the Government of Kenya to the list of issues (CCPR/C/KEN/Q/3) to be taken up in connection with the consideration of its third periodic report (CCPR/C/KEN/3)", United Nations Human Rights Committee, CCPR/C/KEN/Q/3/Add.1, 30 May 2012, paragraph 116, page 20"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193856/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/CCPR.C.KEN.Q.3.Add.1.doc">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Replies+from+the+Government+of+Kenya+to+the+list+of+issues+%28CCPR%2FC%2FKEN%2FQ%2F3%29+to+be+taken+up+in+connection+with+the+consideration+of+its+third+periodic+report+%28CCPR%2FC%2FKEN%2F3%29%22%2C+United+Nations+Human+Rights+Committee%2C+CCPR%2FC%2FKEN%2FQ%2F3%2FAdd.1%2C+30+May+2012%2C+paragraph+116%2C+page+20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ohchr.org%2Fenglish%2Fbodies%2Fhrc%2Fdocs%2FCCPR.C.KEN.Q.3.Add.1.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hostiledecline-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hostiledecline_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hostiledecline_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Gay-church-prays-for-historic-Kenya-ruling/1056-4990976-101oedqz/index.html">"God and justice: Kenyan gay church prays for historic ruling"</a>. <i>Daily Nation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523143952/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Gay-church-prays-for-historic-Kenya-ruling/1056-4990976-101oedqz/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Nation&rft.atitle=God+and+justice%3A+Kenyan+gay+church+prays+for+historic+ruling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nation.co.ke%2Fnews%2FGay-church-prays-for-historic-Kenya-ruling%2F1056-4990976-101oedqz%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhikere" class="citation web cs1">Ohikere, Onize. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.wng.org/2016/09/kenyan_court_reinstates_defrocked_anglican_priests">"Kenyan court reinstates defrocked Anglican priests"</a>. <i>world.wng.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223074301/https://world.wng.org/2016/09/kenyan_court_reinstates_defrocked_anglican_priests">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Religion+News+Service&rft.atitle=Kenyan+court+orders+mediation+to+solve+Anglican+homosexuality+dispute&rft.date=2018-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freligionnews.com%2F2018%2F11%2F06%2Fkenyan-court-orders-mediation-to-solve-anglican-homosexuality-dispute%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFnationmedia_2017" class="citation web cs1">nationmedia 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntv.nation.co.ke/news/2720124-4904578-10hjc53/index.html">"Three suspended Nyeri gay priests get ksh. 6.8million as"</a>. <i>NTV</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223023458/https://ntv.nation.co.ke/news/2720124-4904578-10hjc53/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NTV&rft.atitle=Three+suspended+Nyeri+gay+priests+get+ksh.+6.8million+as&rft.au=nationmedia+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntv.nation.co.ke%2Fnews%2F2720124-4904578-10hjc53%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/23/africa/case-legalize-homosexuality-kenya/index.html">"Kenya's top court considers case to legalize homosexuality"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 23 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211229212147/https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/23/africa/case-legalize-homosexuality-kenya/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Children+Act%2C+2001%2C+Section+158%283%29%28c%29-%28d%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenyalaw.org%2Ffamily%2Fstatutes%2Fdownload.php%3Ffile%3DThe%2520Children%2520Act%2C%25202001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kenyalaw.org/family/statutes/download.php?file=The%20Children%20Act,%202001.pdf">"The Children Act, 2001, Section 158(3)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110217023516/http://www.kenyalaw.org/family/statutes/download.php?file=The%20Children%20Act,%202001.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Children+Act%2C+2001%2C+Section+158%283%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenyalaw.org%2Ffamily%2Fstatutes%2Fdownload.php%3Ffile%3DThe%2520Children%2520Act%2C%25202001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120603010143/http://www.knchr.org/Portals/0/Reports/Final%20Report_%20Sexual_Reprodutcive_health.pdf">"<i>Realising Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights in Kenya: A Myth or a Reality?,</i> Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, April 2012, pages 95-96"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knchr.org/Portals/0/Reports/Final%20Report_%20Sexual_Reprodutcive_health.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Realising+Sexual+and+Reproductive+Health+Rights+in+Kenya%3A+A+Myth+or+a+Reality%3F%2C+Kenya+National+Commission+on+Human+Rights%2C+April+2012%2C+pages+95-96&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knchr.org%2FPortals%2F0%2FReports%2FFinal%2520Report_%2520Sexual_Reprodutcive_health.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TEA-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TEA_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223021126/https://www.transgenderkenya.com/">"Welcome to Transgender Education & Advocacy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transgenderkenya.com">the original</a> on 23 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Transgender+Education+%26+Advocacy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transgenderkenya.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICCPR_Status-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICCPR_Status_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100901184638/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&lang=en">"United Nations Treaty Collection"</a>. <i>treaties.un.org</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm#art40">the original</a> on 5 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+40%2C+International+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights%2C+Office+of+the+United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ohchr.org%2Fenglish%2Flaw%2Fccpr.htm%23art40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conclude-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Conclude_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/898586b1dc7b4043c1256a450044f331/62fd6231f4e490fbc1256ffe004c06e2/$FILE/G0541383.pdf">"Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee - Kenya, United Nations Human Rights Committee, 83rd Session, CCPR/CO/83/KEN, 29 April 2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703033053/http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/898586b1dc7b4043c1256a450044f331/62fd6231f4e490fbc1256ffe004c06e2/$FILE/G0541383.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concluding+Observations+of+the+Human+Rights+Committee+-+Kenya%2C+United+Nations+Human+Rights+Committee%2C+83rd+Session%2C+CCPR%2FCO%2F83%2FKEN%2C+29+April+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F898586b1dc7b4043c1256a450044f331%2F62fd6231f4e490fbc1256ffe004c06e2%2F%24FILE%2FG0541383.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccprcentre.org/doc/HRC/Kenya/3rdReport/CCPR_C_KEN_3_en.doc">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant, Third periodic report of States parties, Kenya", United Nations Human Rights Committee, CCPR/C/KEN/3, 13 January 2011, page 20"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630052602/http://ccprcentre.org/doc/HRC/Kenya/3rdReport/CCPR_C_KEN_3_en.doc">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Consideration+of+reports+submitted+by+States+parties+under+article+40+of+the+Covenant%2C+Third+periodic+report+of+States+parties%2C+Kenya%22%2C+United+Nations+Human+Rights+Committee%2C+CCPR%2FC%2FKEN%2F3%2C+13+January+2011%2C+page+20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccprcentre.org%2Fdoc%2FHRC%2FKenya%2F3rdReport%2FCCPR_C_KEN_3_en.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404083529/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/hrcs105.htm">"The United Nations Human Rights Committee is scheduled to review this report 17-18 July 2012"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/hrcs105.htm">the original</a> on 4 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+United+Nations+Human+Rights+Committee+is+scheduled+to+review+this+report+17-18+July+2012.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ohchr.org%2Fenglish%2Fbodies%2Fhrc%2Fhrcs105.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UPR_Kenya-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UPR_Kenya_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPR_Kenya_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPR_Kenya_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000501/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G10/144/88/PDF/G1014488.pdf?OpenElement">"<i>Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Kenya</i>, U.N. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Working+Group+on+the+Universal+Periodic+Review%3A+Kenya%2C+U.N.+Human+Rights+Council%2C+Eighth+Universal+Periodic+Review%2C+A%2FHRC%2F15%2F8%2C+17+June+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdaccess-dds-ny.un.org%2Fdoc%2FUNDOC%2FGEN%2FG10%2F144%2F88%2FPDF%2FG1014488.pdf%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[rtsp://webcast.un.org/ondemand/conferences/unhrc/upr/8th/hrc100506am1-eng.rm?start=01:07:39&end=01:23:19 <i>Comments and Answers by Kenya</i>]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, U.N. Human Rights Council, Eighth Universal Periodic Review, 7th Plenary Meeting, 6 May 2010, time stamp 10:53-12:45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186418.pdf"><i>2011 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Kenya</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326205259/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186418.pdf">Archived</a> 26 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, page 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/content/us-embassy-in-nairobi-hosts-gay-pride-event/1252825.html"><i>US Embassy in Nairobi Hosts Gay Pride Event</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811052840/http://www.voanews.com/content/us-embassy-in-nairobi-hosts-gay-pride-event/1252825.html">Archived</a> 11 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Voice of America, accessed 28 June 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOded,_Arye2000" class="citation book cs1">Oded, Arye (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8_UL9yJrD4QC&pg=PA11"><i>Islam and Politics in Kenya</i></a>. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781555879297" title="Special:BookSources/9781555879297"><bdi>9781555879297</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240909111328/https://books.google.com/books?id=8_UL9yJrD4QC&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Politics+in+Kenya&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781555879297&rft.au=Oded%2C+Arye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8_UL9yJrD4QC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/06/13/how-people-in-24-countries-view-same-sex-marriage/">"How people in 24 countries view same-sex marriage"</a>. <i>PewResearchCenter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230613155000/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/06/13/how-people-in-24-countries-view-same-sex-marriage/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PewResearchCenter&rft.atitle=How+people+in+24+countries+view+same-sex+marriage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2023%2F06%2F13%2Fhow-people-in-24-countries-view-same-sex-marriage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/">"The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i>. 25 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701105248/https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=The+Global+Divide+on+Homosexuality+Persists&rft.date=2020-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fglobal%2F2020%2F06%2F25%2Fglobal-divide-on-homosexuality-persists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100214225525/http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/258.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Pew Global Attitudes Project", (pages 35, 82, and 117)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/258.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Pew+Global+Attitudes+Project%22%2C+%28pages+35%2C+82%2C+and+117%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewglobal.org%2Freports%2Fpdf%2F258.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Galgalo Bocha (13 June 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nation.co.ke/News/regional/Clerics+seek+harsher+laws+for+gays+/-/1070/1180544/-/r4rm13/-/index.html">"Clerics seek harsher laws for gays"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706215202/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/regional/Clerics+seek+harsher+laws+for+gays+/-/1070/1180544/-/r4rm13/-/index.html">Archived</a> 6 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Nation" title="Daily Nation">Daily Nation</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Nyassy (23 February 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201202240097.html">"Kenya: Gays Flee As Irate Residents Storm Likoni Seminar"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511120954/https://allafrica.com/stories/201202240097.html">Archived</a> 11 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Nation" title="Daily Nation">Daily Nation</a></i>, via allAfrica.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knchr.org/Portals/0/Reports/Final%20Report_%20Sexual_Reprodutcive_health.pdf"><i>Realising Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights in Kenya: A Myth or a Reality?</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120603010143/http://www.knchr.org/Portals/0/Reports/Final%20Report_%20Sexual_Reprodutcive_health.pdf">Archived</a> 3 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, April 2012, pages 92-94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine Karongo (11 May 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/05/ncck-says-no-to-push-for-gay-marriages">"NCCK says no to push for gay marriages"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021223416/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/05/ncck-says-no-to-push-for-gay-marriages/">Archived</a> 21 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CapitalFM News.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Beja (23 July 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000062448">"Bishop: Gays dangerous than terrorists"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027101536/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000062448">Archived</a> 27 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Standard Digital</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittauer2012" class="citation web cs1">Littauer, Dan (14 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180828091119/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/kenya-gay-terrorist-bishop-says-he-against-gay-hate140812/">"Kenya 'gay terrorist' bishop says he is against gay hate"</a>. <i>Gay Star News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/kenya-gay-terrorist-bishop-says-he-against-gay-hate140812/">the original</a> on 28 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gay+Star+News&rft.atitle=Kenya+%27gay+terrorist%27+bishop+says+he+is+against+gay+hate&rft.date=2012-08-14&rft.aulast=Littauer&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaystarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkenya-gay-terrorist-bishop-says-he-against-gay-hate140812%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.indiewire.com/bent/kenyan-film-board-bans-tiff-film-stories-of-our-lives-20141006">"Kenyan Film Board Bans TIFF Film 'Stories Of Our Lives'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009060403/http://blogs.indiewire.com/bent/kenyan-film-board-bans-tiff-film-stories-of-our-lives-20141006">Archived</a> 9 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Indiewire" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiewire">Indiewire</a></i>, 6 October 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200110022809/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bnkw7f5AscI"><i>Kenyan Pastors to Obama: Don't Bring 'The Gay Talk' Here</i></a>. Theology, Philosophy and Science. 22 July 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bnkw7f5AscI">the original</a> on 10 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kenyan+Pastors+to+Obama%3A+Don%27t+Bring+%27The+Gay+Talk%27+Here&rft.pub=Theology%2C+Philosophy+and+Science&rft.date=2015-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DBnkw7f5AscI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/InfoKfcb/status/989837096251781120">"KFCB on Twitter"</a>. <i>Twitter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190531061633/https://twitter.com/infokfcb/status/989837096251781120">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=KFCB+on+Twitter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FInfoKfcb%2Fstatus%2F989837096251781120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html">"Ban of Kenyan film over lesbianism criticised"</a>. <i>Daily Nation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727093332/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Nation&rft.atitle=Ban+of+Kenyan+film+over+lesbianism+criticised&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nation.co.ke%2Fnews%2FBan-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised%2F1056-4535138-iuvqlo%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-43922780">"Kenya bans Rafiki ahead of Cannes debut over lesbian scenes"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 27 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190613140503/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-43922780">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kenya+bans+Rafiki+ahead+of+Cannes+debut+over+lesbian+scenes&rft.date=2018-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-43922780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kenya-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kenya_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMutuko2018" class="citation web cs1">Mutuko, Mumbi (11 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars">"Government Sued for Preventing Kenyan Movie From Winning Oscars"</a>. <i>Kenyans</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180912054651/https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kenyans&rft.atitle=Government+Sued+for+Preventing+Kenyan+Movie+From+Winning+Oscars&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft.aulast=Mutuko&rft.aufirst=Mumbi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenyans.co.ke%2Fnews%2F33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/09/21/high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki_c1822596">"High court lifts ban on lesbian themed movie 'Rafiki'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Star (Kenya)</i>. 21 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922125603/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/09/21/high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki_c1822596">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star+%28Kenya%29&rft.atitle=High+court+lifts+ban+on+lesbian+themed+movie+%27Rafiki%27&rft.date=2018-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-star.co.ke%2Fnews%2F2018%2F09%2F21%2Fhigh-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki_c1822596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html#286608">"High Court lifts ban on controversial lesbian movie, dismisses moral police Ezekiel Mutua"</a>. <i>Tuko</i>. 21 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180921184122/https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html#286608">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tuko&rft.atitle=High+Court+lifts+ban+on+controversial+lesbian+movie%2C+dismisses+moral+police+Ezekiel+Mutua&rft.date=2018-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuko.co.ke%2F286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html%23286608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html">"Lesbian film Rafiki sells out after Kenyan court lifts ban"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323094054/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Lesbian+film+Rafiki+sells+out+after+Kenyan+court+lifts+ban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Flesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Modo-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Modo_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusyoka2018" class="citation web cs1">Musyoka, Michael (28 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33539-supa-modo-kenyas-submission-oscars-rafiki-loses-out">"Supa Modo is Kenya's Submission to Oscars, Rafiki Loses Out"</a>. <i>Kenyans.co.ke</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031222614/https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33539-supa-modo-kenyas-submission-oscars-rafiki-loses-out">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kenyans.co.ke&rft.atitle=Supa+Modo+is+Kenya%27s+Submission+to+Oscars%2C+Rafiki+Loses+Out&rft.date=2018-09-28&rft.aulast=Musyoka&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenyans.co.ke%2Fnews%2F33539-supa-modo-kenyas-submission-oscars-rafiki-loses-out&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVourlias2018" class="citation web cs1">Vourlias, Christopher (28 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2018/film/news/supa-modo-kenya-berlinale-crowd-pleaser-oscar-hopeful-1202961174/">"Kenya Picks Berlinale Crowd-Pleaser 'Supa Modo' as Its Oscar Hopeful"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929115106/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/supa-modo-kenya-berlinale-crowd-pleaser-oscar-hopeful-1202961174/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Kenya+Picks+Berlinale+Crowd-Pleaser+%27Supa+Modo%27+as+Its+Oscar+Hopeful&rft.date=2018-09-28&rft.aulast=Vourlias&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2018%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fsupa-modo-kenya-berlinale-crowd-pleaser-oscar-hopeful-1202961174%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201011290110.html">"Kenya: PM Orders Arrest of Gay Couples"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203094501/http://allafrica.com/stories/201011290110.html">Archived</a> 3 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Nation" title="Daily Nation">Daily Nation</a></i>, reported by Lucas Barasa, 29 November 2010, reprinted on AllAfrica.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nation.co.ke/News/politics/-/1064/1064316/-/7903j0/-/index.html">"Raila denies gays' arrest order"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804150117/https://www.nation.co.ke/News/politics/-/1064/1064316/-/7903j0/-/index.html">Archived</a> 4 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Daily Nation</i>, reported by Oliver Mathenge, 2 December 2010, reprinted on allafrica.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nation.co.ke/News/regional/Surveillance%20cameras%20to%20curb%20gay%20sex%20in%20prisons/-/1070/1046196/-/y0cuvlz/-/index.html">"Surveillance cameras to curb gay sex in prisons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180401080523/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/regional/Surveillance%20cameras%20to%20curb%20gay%20sex%20in%20prisons/-/1070/1046196/-/y0cuvlz/-/index.html">Archived</a> 1 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Nation" title="Daily Nation">Daily Nation</a></i>, reported by Mathias Ringa, 3 November 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPffiwXNuOg">"YouTube"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/PPffiwXNuOg">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DPPffiwXNuOg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIJESl-UOFc"><i>President Kenyatta openly differs with President Obama over gay rights issue</i></a>. K24TV. 26 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/ZIJESl-UOFc">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Kenyatta+openly+differs+with+President+Obama+over+gay+rights+issue&rft.pub=K24TV&rft.date=2015-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DZIJESl-UOFc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwTgU-RZLHQ"><i>President: Gay rights 'of no importance' in Kenya</i></a>. CNN. 20 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/lwTgU-RZLHQ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President%3A+Gay+rights+%27of+no+importance%27+in+Kenya&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2018-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DlwTgU-RZLHQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-lgbt-rights-idUSKCN1R3226">"Victory for Kenya's LGBT+ community as charity wins right to be..."</a> <i>Reuters</i>. 22 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211230215654/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-lgbt-rights-idUSKCN1R3226">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Victory+for+Kenya%27s+LGBT%2B+community+as+charity+wins+right+to+be...&rft.date=2019-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-kenya-lgbt-rights-idUSKCN1R3226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-supreme-court-ngo-ruling-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-supreme-court-ngo-ruling_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nation.africa/kenya/news/supreme-court-victory-for-gays-and-lesbians-in-fight-to-register-lobby-4136156">"Supreme Court victory for gays and lesbians in fight to register lobby"</a>. <i>Daily Nation</i>. 2 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302113409/https://nation.africa/kenya/news/supreme-court-victory-for-gays-and-lesbians-in-fight-to-register-lobby-4136156">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Nation&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+victory+for+gays+and+lesbians+in+fight+to+register+lobby&rft.date=2023-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnation.africa%2Fkenya%2Fnews%2Fsupreme-court-victory-for-gays-and-lesbians-in-fight-to-register-lobby-4136156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/06/africa/kenya-edwin-chiloba-lgbt-activist-death-intl/index.html">"Prominent Kenyan LGBTQ activist Edwin Chiloba reportedly found dead"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. Reuters. 6 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106160735/https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/06/africa/kenya-edwin-chiloba-lgbt-activist-death-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Prominent+Kenyan+LGBTQ+activist+Edwin+Chiloba+reportedly+found+dead&rft.date=2023-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F01%2F06%2Fafrica%2Fkenya-edwin-chiloba-lgbt-activist-death-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/1/6/prominent-kenyan-lgbtq-activist-found-dead-local-media">"Kenyan LGBTQ activist Edwin Chiloba found dead in metal box"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 6 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107000850/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/1/6/prominent-kenyan-lgbtq-activist-found-dead-local-media">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Kenyan+LGBTQ+activist+Edwin+Chiloba+found+dead+in+metal+box&rft.date=2023-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F1%2F6%2Fprominent-kenyan-lgbtq-activist-found-dead-local-media&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgual2024" class="citation web cs1">Igual, Roberty (30 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mambaonline.com/2024/04/30/kenya-court-issues-order-protecting-lgbtq-people/">"Kenya: Court Issues Order Protecting LGBTQ+ People"</a>. <i>Mamba Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240711183602/https://www.mambaonline.com/2024/04/30/kenya-court-issues-order-protecting-lgbtq-people/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mamba+Online&rft.atitle=Kenya%3A+Court+Issues+Order+Protecting+LGBTQ%2B+People&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft.aulast=Igual&rft.aufirst=Roberty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mambaonline.com%2F2024%2F04%2F30%2Fkenya-court-issues-order-protecting-lgbtq-people%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2023" class="citation web cs1">Stewart, Colin (2 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://76crimes.com/2023/10/02/fight-for-lgbtq-rights-in-kenya-1-win-in-court-2-new-threats-in-parliament/">"Fight for LGBTQ rights in Kenya: 1 win in court, 2 new threats in parliament"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240615061156/https://76crimes.com/2023/10/02/fight-for-lgbtq-rights-in-kenya-1-win-in-court-2-new-threats-in-parliament/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fight+for+LGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya%3A+1+win+in+court%2C+2+new+threats+in+parliament&rft.date=2023-10-02&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F76crimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F02%2Ffight-for-lgbtq-rights-in-kenya-1-win-in-court-2-new-threats-in-parliament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByaruhanga2023" class="citation news cs1">Byaruhanga, Catherine (18 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66079603">"LGBT rights in Africa: Will Kenya be the latest to pass anti-gay law?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=LGBT+rights+in+Africa%3A+Will+Kenya+be+the+latest+to+pass+anti-gay+law%3F&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft.aulast=Byaruhanga&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-66079603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALGBTQ+rights+in+Kenya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Kenya&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090120233132/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travelling-and-living-overseas/travel-advice-by-country/sub-saharan-africa/kenya1?ta=lawsCustoms&pg=3">UK government travel advice for Kenya: Local laws and customs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091026222956/http://geocities.com/rainbowkenyaglbt">Rainbow Kenya</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBTQ_rights_in_Africa276" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBTQ_rights_in_Africa276" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Africa" title="LGBTQ rights in Africa">LGBTQ rights in Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Algeria" title="LGBTQ rights in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Angola" title="LGBTQ rights in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Benin" title="LGBTQ rights in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Botswana" title="LGBTQ rights in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Burkina_Faso" title="LGBTQ rights in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Burundi" title="LGBTQ rights in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Cameroon" title="LGBTQ rights in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Cape_Verde" title="LGBTQ rights in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="LGBTQ rights in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Chad" title="LGBTQ rights in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Comoros" title="LGBTQ rights in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="LGBTQ rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="LGBTQ rights in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Djibouti" title="LGBTQ rights in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Egypt" title="LGBTQ rights in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="LGBTQ rights in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Eritrea" title="LGBTQ rights in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Eswatini" title="LGBTQ rights in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Ethiopia" title="LGBTQ rights in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Gabon" title="LGBTQ rights in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Gambia" title="LGBTQ rights in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Ghana" title="LGBTQ rights in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Guinea" title="LGBTQ rights in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="LGBTQ rights in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Lesotho" title="LGBTQ rights in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Liberia" title="LGBTQ rights in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Libya" title="LGBTQ rights in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Madagascar" title="LGBTQ rights in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Malawi" title="LGBTQ rights in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Mali" title="LGBTQ rights in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Mauritania" title="LGBTQ rights in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Mauritius" title="LGBTQ rights in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Morocco" title="LGBTQ rights in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Mozambique" title="LGBTQ rights in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Namibia" title="LGBTQ rights in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Niger" title="LGBTQ rights in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Nigeria" title="LGBTQ rights in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Rwanda" title="LGBTQ rights in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="LGBTQ rights in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Senegal" title="LGBTQ rights in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Seychelles" title="LGBTQ rights in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Sierra_Leone" title="LGBTQ rights in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Somalia" title="LGBTQ rights in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_South_Africa" title="LGBTQ rights in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_South_Sudan" title="LGBTQ rights in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Sudan" title="LGBTQ rights in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Tanzania" title="LGBTQ rights in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Togo" title="LGBTQ rights in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Tunisia" title="LGBTQ rights in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Uganda" title="LGBTQ rights in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Zambia" title="LGBTQ rights in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Zimbabwe" title="LGBTQ rights in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="LGBTQ rights in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Somaliland" title="LGBTQ rights in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBTQ rights in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBTQ rights in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBTQ rights in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBTQ rights in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Mayotte" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights in Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights in Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights in Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights in Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kenya_articles552" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kenya_topics" title="Template:Kenya topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kenya_topics" title="Template talk:Kenya topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kenya_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kenya topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kenya_articles552" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Kenya-related_articles" title="Index of Kenya-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya" title="History of Kenya">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kenya" title="Timeline of Kenya">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanga_Kingdom" title="Wanga Kingdom">Wanga Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Railway" title="Uganda Railway">Uganda Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya Colony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_in_World_War_II" title="Kenya in World War II">In World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilemi_Triangle" title="Ilemi Triangle">Ilemi Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_African_Union" title="Kenya African Union">Kenya African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kenya_(1963)" title="Constitution of Kenya (1963)">1963 Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Kenyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Kenyan coup d'état attempt">1982 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldenberg_scandal" title="Goldenberg scandal">Goldenberg scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Kenyan_general_election" title="1992 Kenyan general election">1992 Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Kenyan_crisis" title="2007–2008 Kenyan crisis">2007–2008 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Kenyan_constitutional_referendum" title="2010 Kenyan constitutional referendum">2010 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Kenyan_general_election" title="2013 Kenyan general election"> 2013 Elections</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya" title="Coat of arms of Kenya"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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