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Lahutusmeetodid – Vikipeedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kasutatavamad_lahutusmeetodid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasutatavamad_lahutusmeetodid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kasutatavamad lahutusmeetodid</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kasutatavamad_lahutusmeetodid-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa &quot;Kasutatavamad lahutusmeetodid&quot;</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kasutatavamad_lahutusmeetodid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mehaanilised" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mehaanilised"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mehaanilised</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mehaanilised-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Füüsikalis-keemilised" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Füüsikalis-keemilised"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Füüsikalis-keemilised</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Füüsikalis-keemilised-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keemilised_muundamised" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keemilised_muundamised"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Keemilised muundamised</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keemilised_muundamised-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lahutusmeetodid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 38 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeidingsproses" title="Skeidingsproses – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skeidingsproses" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84" title="عملية فصل – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملية فصل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proses_pemisahan" title="Proses pemisahan – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Proses pemisahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separacijski_procesi" title="Separacijski procesi – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Separacijski procesi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8tode_de_separaci%C3%B3" title="Mètode de separació – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mètode de separació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separa%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_metody" title="Separační metody – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Separační metody" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trennen_(Verfahrenstechnik)" title="Trennen (Verfahrenstechnik) – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trennen (Verfahrenstechnik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Μέθοδοι διαχωρισμού μιγμάτων – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέθοδοι διαχωρισμού μιγμάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_process" title="Separation process – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Separation process" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceso_de_separaci%C3%B3n" title="Proceso de separación – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Proceso de separación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaketa_prozesu" title="Banaketa prozesu – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Banaketa prozesu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="فرایند جداسازی – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرایند جداسازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9_de_s%C3%A9paration" title="Procédé de séparation – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Procédé de séparation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3iseas_deighilte" title="Próiseas deighilte – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Próiseas deighilte" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" title="분리 과정 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="분리 과정" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="पृथक्करण प्रक्रिया – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पृथक्करण प्रक्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separacija" title="Separacija – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Separacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separo-procedo" title="Separo-procedo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Separo-procedo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הפרדת חומרים – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפרדת חומרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Бөлу процестері – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бөлу процестері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheidingsmethode" title="Scheidingsmethode – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Scheidingsmethode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="分離工学 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="分離工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separering" title="Separering – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Separering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separasjonsprosess" title="Separasjonsprosess – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Separasjonsprosess" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proces_rozdzia%C5%82u" title="Proces rozdziału – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Proces rozdziału" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_misturas" title="Separação de misturas – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Separação de misturas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metod%C4%83_de_separare" title="Metodă de separare – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metodă de separare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Методы разделения – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Методы разделения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_process" title="Separation process – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Separation process" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separa%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_met%C3%B3da" title="Separačná metóda – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Separačná metóda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotusmenetelm%C3%A4" title="Erotusmenetelmä – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Erotusmenetelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_(kemi)" title="Separation (kemi) – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Separation (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proseso_ng_paghihiwalay" title="Proseso ng paghihiwalay – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Proseso ng paghihiwalay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="பிரிப்பு செயல்முறை – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரிப்பு செயல்முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ch_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Tách chất – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tách chất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay%C4%B1rma_i%C5%9Flemi" title="Ayırma işlemi – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ayırma işlemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="分離過程 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="分離過程" 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> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Separation_techniques" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q898987" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Haushalts-Wasserfilter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Haushalts-Wasserfilter.jpg/220px-Haushalts-Wasserfilter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Haushalts-Wasserfilter.jpg/330px-Haushalts-Wasserfilter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Haushalts-Wasserfilter.jpg/440px-Haushalts-Wasserfilter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Koduseks kasutamiseks mõeldud filterkann eraldab joogiveest lisandeid; kõrval on näha nn filterpadrun</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lahutusmeetodid keemias</b> hõlmavad mitmesuguseid protseduure ja protsesse, mida kasutatakse ainete segu komponentide üksteisest eraldamiseks. </p><p>Ainete lahutamine põhineb komponentide <a href="/wiki/Aine_omadused" title="Aine omadused">füüsikaliste või keemiliste omaduste</a> erinevustel. Vastavalt valitakse lahutamisprotseduur. Ainete lahutamine on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massi_%C3%BClekanne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Massi ülekanne (pole veel kirjutatud)">massi ülekande</a> protsess. </p><p>Praktikas tuleb tihti eraldada individuaalne puhas komponent looduslikust või sünteetilisest produktist, kui see kujutab endast ainete segu või sisaldab lisandeid. Lahutamisprotsessi mahukus võib olla mikrogrammidest tonnideni olenevalt eesmärgist: keemiline analüüs, laboratoorne preparaat või tööstuslik tootmine. Näiteks <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">toornafta</a> töödeldakse saamaks eriotstarbelisi fraktsioone: gaasilised <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCsivesinikud" title="Süsivesinikud">süsivesinikud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bensiin" title="Bensiin">bensiin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diislik%C3%BCtus" title="Diislikütus">diislikütus</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4%C3%A4rde%C3%B5li" title="Määrdeõli">määrdeõlid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt">asfalt</a>. </p><p>Mehaanilised lahutusmeetodid on tavaliselt eelistatavamad, kuna need on kiiremad ja odavamad, kuid mitte alati rakendatavad. Paljudel juhtudel tuleb soovitud tulemuse saavutamiseks kasutada erinevate meetodite kombinatsioone. Ainete keemiline muundamine <a href="/wiki/Selektiivne_reaktsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Selektiivne reaktsioon">selektiivses keemilises reaktsioonis</a> või <a href="/wiki/Derivatiseerimine" title="Derivatiseerimine">derivatiseerimisreaktsiooni</a> kaudu osutub efektiivseks juhul, kui moodustuvad esmastest erinevate omadustega ühendid, nii et neid on võimalik lahutada mingi mehaanilise või füüsikalis-keemilise meetodiga. Näiteks reaktsioon ühe komponendi sademesse viimiseks, seejärel eraldamine <a href="/wiki/Filtrimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Filtrimine">filtrimisega</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kuivatamine" title="Kuivatamine">kuivatamine</a>. </p><p>Lahutusmeetodid on ühtlasi ka <a href="/wiki/Ainete_puhastamine" title="Ainete puhastamine">ainete puhastamise</a> meetodid. Puhastamiseks on tihti vajalik teatud protseduure korrata mitmekordselt. Suure efektiivsusega lahutusmeetodid on näiteks mitmed <a href="/wiki/Kromatograafia" title="Kromatograafia">kromatograafilised</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Fraktsioneeriv_destillatsioon" title="Fraktsioneeriv destillatsioon">fraktsioneeriva destillatsiooni</a> meetodid, kus loendamatu arv kordi korduvad esimesel juhul ainete <a href="/wiki/Sorptsioon" title="Sorptsioon">sorptsioon</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Desorptsioon" title="Desorptsioon">desorptsioon</a> ning, teisel juhul, <a href="/wiki/Aurustumine" title="Aurustumine">aurustumine</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kondensatsioon" title="Kondensatsioon">kondensatsioon</a>. Mitmekordne tahke materjali ekstraktsioon lahustiga toimub <a href="/wiki/Soxhleti_ekstraktor" title="Soxhleti ekstraktor">Soxhleti ekstraktoris</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasutatavamad_lahutusmeetodid">Kasutatavamad lahutusmeetodid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahutusmeetodid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Kasutatavamad lahutusmeetodid&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahutusmeetodid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Kasutatavamad lahutusmeetodid&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mehaanilised">Mehaanilised</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahutusmeetodid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Mehaanilised&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahutusmeetodid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Mehaanilised&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B5rutamine" title="Nõrutamine">Nõrutamine</a> ehk <a href="/wiki/Dekanteerimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dekanteerimine">dekanteerimine</a> – vedeliku äravalamine nõu põhja settinud sademelt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filtreerimine" title="Filtreerimine">Filtreerimine</a> – tahke faasi eraldamine vedelfaasist filterkihil <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membraan_(tehnika)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Membraan (tehnika) (pole veel kirjutatud)">membraanfiltreid</a> kasutatakse <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B5rgmolekulaarsed_%C3%BChendid" title="Kõrgmolekulaarsed ühendid">kõrgmolekulaarsete ainete</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kolloid" title="Kolloid">kolloidide</a> eraldamiseks</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molekulaars%C3%B5el&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekulaarsõel (pole veel kirjutatud)">molekulaarsõel</a> absorbeerib gaase või vedelikke sõltuvalt molekuli suurusest</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flotatsioon" title="Flotatsioon">Flotatsioon</a> – vedelikust heljuvate või <a href="/wiki/Emulsioon" title="Emulsioon">emulgeerunud</a> aineosakeste eraldamine neid pinnale ujutades ja koorides pinnalt; kasutatakse <a href="/wiki/Maavarad" class="mw-redirect" title="Maavarad">maavarade</a> rikastamisel, reovee puhastamisel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsentrifuugimine" title="Tsentrifuugimine">Tsentrifuugimine</a> – eraldab tahke aine vedelikust või lahutab kaks mittesegunevat vedelikku vastavalt <a href="/wiki/Tihedus" title="Tihedus">tiheduste</a> erinevusele</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setitamine" title="Setitamine">Setitamine</a> (sedimentatsioon) – (peeneteralise) materjali fraktsioneeriv setitamine <a href="/wiki/Raskusj%C3%B5ud" title="Raskusjõud">raskusjõu</a> toimel</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Füüsikalis-keemilised"><span id="F.C3.BC.C3.BCsikalis-keemilised"></span>Füüsikalis-keemilised</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahutusmeetodid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Füüsikalis-keemilised&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahutusmeetodid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Füüsikalis-keemilised&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sorptsioon" title="Sorptsioon">Sorptsioon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaas" title="Gaas">gaasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vedelik" title="Vedelik">vedeliku</a> või mõne nende komponendi neeldumine vedelikus või <a href="/wiki/Tahkis" title="Tahkis">tahkes</a> aines või kogunemine tahke aine pinnale <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absorptsioon_(keemia)" title="Absorptsioon (keemia)">absorptsioon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adsorptsioon" title="Adsorptsioon">adsorptsioon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kemosorptsioon" title="Kemosorptsioon">kemosorptsioon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurustamine" title="Aurustamine">Aurustamine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Solvent" class="mw-redirect" title="Solvent">solvendi</a> ära aurustamine <a href="/wiki/Keemistemperatuur" title="Keemistemperatuur">keemistemperatuurist</a> madalamal temperatuuril</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destillatsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Destillatsioon">Destillatsioon</a> – vedelike lahutamine keetmise ja auru <a href="/wiki/Kondensatsioon" title="Kondensatsioon">kondenseerimise</a> teel vastavalt ainete keemistemperatuurile <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lihtdestillatsioon" title="Lihtdestillatsioon">liht-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaakumdestillatsioon" title="Vaakumdestillatsioon">vaakum-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veeaurudestillatsioon" title="Veeaurudestillatsioon">veeauru-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aseotroopne_destillatsioon" title="Aseotroopne destillatsioon">aseotroopse-</a> jm destillatsiooni meetodid</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektroforees" title="Elektroforees">Elektroforees</a> – laetud osakeste (ka <a href="/wiki/Kolloidlahus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolloidlahus">kolloidosakeste</a>) erineva kiirusega liikumine vedelikus või geelis <a href="/wiki/Elektriv%C3%A4li" title="Elektriväli">elektrivälja</a> mõjul <a href="/wiki/Katood" title="Katood">katoodile</a> või <a href="/wiki/Anood" title="Anood">anoodile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapillaarelektroforees" title="Kapillaarelektroforees">kapillaarelektroforees</a> – töölahus (<a href="/wiki/Elektrol%C3%BC%C3%BCt" title="Elektrolüüt">elektrolüüt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puhverlahus" title="Puhverlahus">puhverlahus</a>) on kapillaaris, millele rakendatakse <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B5rgepinge" title="Kõrgepinge">kõrgepinge</a>, kasutatakse <a href="/wiki/Anal%C3%BC%C3%BCtiline_keemia" title="Analüütiline keemia">analüütikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geelelektroforees" title="Geelelektroforees">geelelektroforees</a> – meetod <a href="/wiki/Biomolekul" title="Biomolekul">biomolekulide</a> (<a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valgud" title="Valgud">valgud</a>) eraldamiseks pikkuse, laengu või <a href="/wiki/Konformatsioon" title="Konformatsioon">konformatsiooni</a> järgi polümeerses <a href="/wiki/Geel" title="Geel">geelis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekstraheerimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekstraheerimine">Ekstraheerimine</a> – tahkete või vedelate ainete segust ühe või mitme komponendi eraldamine selektiivse <a href="/wiki/Lahustuvus" title="Lahustuvus">lahustuvuse</a> alusel (näiteks <a href="/wiki/Soxhleti_ekstraktor" title="Soxhleti ekstraktor">Soxhleti ekstraktoris</a>); tööstuses kasutatakse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leostamine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leostamine (pole veel kirjutatud)">leostamist</a> vee või vesilahusega <ul><li>pesemine – enamasti <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_s%C3%BCntees" title="Keemiline süntees">sünteesiproduktide</a> pesemine veega või muu <a href="/wiki/Lahusti" title="Lahusti">lahustiga</a> või happelise või aluselise <a href="/wiki/Lahus" title="Lahus">lahusega</a>; sisuliselt on see <a href="/wiki/Ekstraktsioon" title="Ekstraktsioon">ekstraktsiooniprotsess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clekriitiline_fluidum" title="Ülekriitiline fluidum">ülekriitilise fluidumiga</a> ekstraktsioon (SFE), näiteks <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clekriitiline_s%C3%BCsinikdioksiid" title="Ülekriitiline süsinikdioksiid">ülekriitilises olekus süsinikdioksiidiga</a> (ülekriitiliste lahustitega saadud ekstraktid erinevad klassikaliste ekstraktsioonimeetoditega saaduist)</li> <li>ultraheli-toetatud ekstraktsioon</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktsioneeriv_destillatsioon" title="Fraktsioneeriv destillatsioon">Fraktsioneeriv destillatsioon</a> või <a href="/wiki/Rektifikatsioon" title="Rektifikatsioon">rektifikatsioon</a> – efektiivne vedelike lahutamine <a href="/wiki/Destillatsioonikolonn" title="Destillatsioonikolonn">fraktsioneerimis-</a> või <a href="/wiki/Rektifikatsioonikolonn" title="Rektifikatsioonikolonn">rektifikatsioonikolonniga</a>, milles toimub paljukordne <a href="/wiki/Aurustumine" title="Aurustumine">aurustumine</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kondensatsioon" title="Kondensatsioon">kondensatsioon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktsioneerimine" title="Fraktsioneerimine">Fraktsioneeriv</a> jahutamine ehk fraktsioneeriv külmutamine – gaasisegude lahutamiseks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallisatsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristallisatsioon">Kristallisatsioon</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmberkristallimine" title="Ümberkristallimine">ümberkristallimine</a>) – produkt viiakse tahkeks jahutamisel või lisatakse aine, mis vähendab produkti lahustuvust</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromatograafia" title="Kromatograafia">Kromatograafia</a> – segu komponentide lahutamine paljukordse <a href="/wiki/Sorptsioon" title="Sorptsioon">sorptsiooni</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Desorptsioon" title="Desorptsioon">desorptsiooni</a> tingimustes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolonnkromatograafia" title="Kolonnkromatograafia">kolonn-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planaarkromatograafia" title="Planaarkromatograafia">planaar-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaasikromatograafia" title="Gaasikromatograafia">gaasi-</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B5rgsurve_vedelikukromatograafia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kõrgsurve vedelikukromatograafia">vedeliku-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ioonivahetuskromatograafia" title="Ioonivahetuskromatograafia">ioonivahetus-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afiinsuskromatograafia" title="Afiinsuskromatograafia">afiinsus-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geelkromatograafia" title="Geelkromatograafia">geel-</a> jt kromatograafilised lahutusmeetodid on laialdaselt kasutatavad valdavalt analüütikas</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublimatsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublimatsioon">Sublimatsioon</a> – kergeltlenduva tahke aine muutumine gaasiliseks ilma vahepealse vedela olekuta</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4ljasoolamine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Väljasoolamine (pole veel kirjutatud)">Väljasoolamine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Soolad" title="Soolad">soola</a> lisamine <a href="/wiki/Lahus" title="Lahus">lahusele</a>, et täielikumalt eraldada <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdrofoobsus" title="Hüdrofoobsus">hüdrofoobsete</a> <a href="/wiki/Orgaanilised_%C3%BChendid" title="Orgaanilised ühendid">orgaaniliste ühendite</a> kiht</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keemilised_muundamised">Keemilised muundamised</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahutusmeetodid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Keemilised muundamised&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahutusmeetodid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Keemilised muundamised&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuivatamine" title="Kuivatamine">Kuivatamine</a> – vedelike kuivatamisel kasutatakse mitmesuguseid vettsiduvaid reagente ja aineid: <a href="/wiki/Naatrium" title="Naatrium">Na</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Difosforpentoksiid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Difosforpentoksiid (pole veel kirjutatud)">P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaltsiumkloriid" title="Kaltsiumkloriid">CaCl<sub>2</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaaliumkarbonaat" title="Kaaliumkarbonaat">K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Alumiiniumoksiid" title="Alumiiniumoksiid">Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Silikageel" title="Silikageel">silikageel</a> jm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selektiivne_reaktsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Selektiivne reaktsioon">Selektiivne reaktsioon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Reagent" title="Reagent">reagent</a> annab produkti valikuliselt teatud komponendiga (komponentidega)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derivatiseerimine" title="Derivatiseerimine">Derivatiseerimine</a> – ühendite <a href="/wiki/Funktsionaalr%C3%BChm" title="Funktsionaalrühm">funktsionaalrühm</a> asendatakse teise sobivaid omadusi andva rühmaga</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioonreaktsioon" title="Ioonreaktsioon">Ioonreaktsioone</a> kasutatakse <a href="/wiki/Lahus" title="Lahus">lahustunud</a> komponentide <a href="/wiki/Sadestamine_(keemia)" title="Sadestamine (keemia)">sadestamiseks</a> mittelahustuvate <a href="/wiki/Soolad" title="Soolad">sooladena</a>. Ioonivahetus vaikusid (<a href="/wiki/Ioniit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioniit">ioniit</a>)e kasutatakse puhta vee saamiseks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadestamine_(keemia)" title="Sadestamine (keemia)">Sadestamine</a> – kui keemilises reaktsioonis <a href="/wiki/Reagent" title="Reagent">reagendiga</a> tekib <a href="/wiki/Lahustuvus" title="Lahustuvus">lahustumatu või vähelahustuv</a> aine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrol%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Elektrolüüs">Elektrolüüs</a> – ühendite lagundamine elektrivoolu toimel; näiteks vee elektrolüüs <a href="/wiki/Hapnik" title="Hapnik">hapnikuks</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">vesinikuks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuhastamine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuhastamine (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tuhastamine</a> ehk <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B5letamine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Põletamine (pole veel kirjutatud)">põletamine</a> ehk <a href="/wiki/Mineraliseerimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineraliseerimine">mineraliseerimine</a> on <a href="/wiki/Anal%C3%BC%C3%BCtiline_keemia" title="Analüütiline keemia">analüütilises keemias</a> <a href="/wiki/Anorgaanilised_%C3%BChendid" class="mw-redirect" title="Anorgaanilised ühendid">anorgaaniliste komponentide</a> (jäägi) eraldamine proovist kõrgel <a href="/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur">temperatuuril</a></li> <li>Loodusliku tooraine keemiline muundamine (tihti kuumutamine) eesmärgiga saada vajalikud (lagu)produktid; näiteks <a href="/wiki/Raud" title="Raud">raua</a> sulatamine maagist, <a href="/wiki/Lubi" title="Lubi">lubjakivi</a> põletamine, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5levkivi" title="Põlevkivi">põlevkivi</a> <a href="/wiki/Utmine" class="mw-redirect" title="Utmine">utmine</a> jm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/As%C3%BCmmeetriline_aatom" class="mw-redirect" title="Asümmeetriline aatom">Asümmeetrilist</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCsinik" title="Süsinik">süsiniku</a> <a href="/wiki/Aatom" title="Aatom">aatomit</a> sisaldavate ühendite korral on <a href="/wiki/Enantiomeerid" class="mw-redirect" title="Enantiomeerid">enantiomeeride</a> ehk käeliste <a href="/wiki/Isomeerid" title="Isomeerid">isomeeride</a> eraldamine <a href="/wiki/Ratseemiline_segu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratseemiline segu">ratseemilisest segust</a> väga tülikas ja kallis spetsiifiliste protsesside jada.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahutusmeetodid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Vaata ka&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahutusmeetodid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Vaata ka&quot; 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