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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Han_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Han dynasty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Han_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Five_Barbarians_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Five_Barbarians_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Five Barbarians rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Five_Barbarians_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sui_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sui_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Sui dynasty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sui_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tang_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tang_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Tang dynasty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tang_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_period_of_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_period_of_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Subsequent period of conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_period_of_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ming_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ming_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Ming dynasty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ming_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qing_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qing_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Qing dynasty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qing_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Republic of China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communist_activity_and_Chinese_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communist_activity_and_Chinese_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Communist activity and Chinese Civil War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communist_activity_and_Chinese_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Front_and_Communist_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Front_and_Communist_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 United Front and Communist government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Front_and_Communist_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Chinese_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Chinese_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 Second Chinese Civil War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Chinese_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12 People's Republic of China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_Revolution_and_intra-party_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_Revolution_and_intra-party_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12.1 Cultural Revolution and intra-party conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_Revolution_and_intra-party_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Mao_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Mao_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12.2 Post-Mao era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Mao_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administrative divisions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subdistricts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdistricts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Subdistricts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdistricts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Towns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Townships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Townships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Townships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Townships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Income" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Income </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Income-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Population history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" > 14 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3-thah-khu" title="Pó-thah-khu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pó-thah-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baota_Qu" title="Baota Qu – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Baota Qu" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baota" title="Baota – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baota" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baota_barrutia" title="Baota barrutia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baota barrutia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_de_Baota" title="District de Baota – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="District de Baota" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%98%A4%ED%83%80%EA%B5%AC" title="바오타구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바오타구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distretto_di_Baota" title="Distretto di Baota – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Distretto di Baota" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%8C%BA" title="宝塔区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宝塔区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baota" title="Baota – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Baota" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Баота – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Баота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baota" title="Baota – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baota" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_Th%C3%A1p" title="Bảo Tháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảo Tháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%80" title="寶塔區 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="寶塔區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%8C%BA" title="宝塔区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宝塔区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Baota_District&params=36.5854_N_109.4898_E_type:adm3rd_region:CN-61_source:Gaode">36°35′07″N 109°29′23″E / 36.5854°N 109.4898°E / 36.5854; 109.4898</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">District in Shaanxi, People's Republic of China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Baota</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh-Hans">宝塔区</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/District_(PRC)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (PRC)">District</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1_2.jpg/250px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1_2.jpg/375px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1_2.jpg/500px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Yan%27an_Baota_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Baota District within Yan'an"><img alt="Location of Baota District within Yan'an" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/China_Yan%27an_Baota_Map.svg/250px-China_Yan%27an_Baota_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/China_Yan%27an_Baota_Map.svg/375px-China_Yan%27an_Baota_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/China_Yan%27an_Baota_Map.svg/500px-China_Yan%27an_Baota_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="1186" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Baota District within Yan'an</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_of_Yan%27an_Prefecture_within_Shaanxi_(China).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Yan'an within Shaanxi, China"><img alt="Location of Yan'an within Shaanxi, China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_of_Yan%27an_Prefecture_within_Shaanxi_%28China%29.png/250px-Location_of_Yan%27an_Prefecture_within_Shaanxi_%28China%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_of_Yan%27an_Prefecture_within_Shaanxi_%28China%29.png/375px-Location_of_Yan%27an_Prefecture_within_Shaanxi_%28China%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_of_Yan%27an_Prefecture_within_Shaanxi_%28China%29.png/500px-Location_of_Yan%27an_Prefecture_within_Shaanxi_%28China%29.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="680" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Yan'an within Shaanxi, China</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Baota District government): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Baota_District&params=36.5854_N_109.4898_E_type:adm3rd_region:CN-61_source:Gaode">36°35′07″N 109°29′23″E / 36.5854°N 109.4898°E / 36.5854; 109.4898</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,537.6 km2 (1,365.9 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2019)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">497,085</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">140/km2 (360/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_standard_time" class="mw-redirect" title="China standard time">China standard time</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> Baota District (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 宝塔区; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 寶塔區; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Bǎotǎ Qū), is a <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">district</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaanxi Province">Shaanxi</a>, China. The district has an area of 3,537.6 square kilometres (1,365.9 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> and a permanent population of 497,085 as of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> Baota District serves as Yan'an's administrative center, hosting the city's government offices.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The district is Yan'an's urban core, as it is highly <a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_China" title="Urbanization in China">urbanized</a>, with over 80% of its population living in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> The majority of Baota District's economy is derived from its <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> though the district is home to other economic activities such as <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> extraction.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> The district's name (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:宝塔">宝塔</a>) literally translates to <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagoda</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Government sources believe that the <a href="/wiki/Guifang" title="Guifang">Guifang</a> established an independent state in the area circa the 16th century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 5  A few dozen ancient <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> artifacts uncovered within the <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">district</a> indicate that the territory once belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 5  During the Zhou dynasty, the area was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Xianyun" title="Xianyun">Xianyun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xirong" title="Xirong">Xirong</a> tribes.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 5  Later, the area was inhabited by the Baidi (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 白狄; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Báidí) clan of the <a href="/wiki/Beidi" title="Beidi">Beidi</a> groups.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 5  These people were predominantly nomads and hunters.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 5  In 627 CE, the <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)" title="Jin (Chinese state)">Jin state</a> defeated the local Baidi, captured their leader, and incorporated the territory into their lands.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 5  When the Jin state collapsed in 376 BCE, the area of present-day Baota District was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Wei_(state)" title="Wei (state)">Wei state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 5  In 328 BCE, the <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a> took the land over from the Wei state.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 5  Under the rule of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shihuang</a>, the area was organized as <a href="/wiki/Gaonu_County" title="Gaonu County">Gaonu County</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Shang_Commandery" title="Shang Commandery">Shang Commandery</a> beginning in 221 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 5 <a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Han_dynasty">Han dynasty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Han dynasty">edit</a>]</div> Following the collapse of the Qin in 206 BCE, as part of <a href="/wiki/Xiang_Yu" title="Xiang Yu">Xiang Yu's</a> attempted rebellion, Gaonu County briefly was held by rebel forces.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  However, this proved to be short lived, and forces loyal <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Han" title="Emperor Gaozu of Han">Emperor Gaozu</a> of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> retook Gaonu County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  <a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a> forces number approximately 30,000 invaded and looted Gaonu County in 158 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  News of this reached <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>, and Han troops were sent to reclaim Gaonu County, which they did after a month.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  In 117 BCE, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Han%E2%80%93Xiongnu_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Han–Xiongnu War">Han–Xiongnu War</a>, Han dynasty forces retook areas of Gaonu County which were previously occupied by Xiongnu forces.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  An imperial edict from <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu</a> in 120 BCE forced approximately 700,000 poor peasants to migrate to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Shaanxi" title="Northern Shaanxi">Shaanbei</a> region, resulting in a period of significant agricultural development.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  The <a href="/wiki/Commentary_on_the_Water_Classic" title="Commentary on the Water Classic">Commentary on the Water Classic</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Li_Daoyuan" title="Li Daoyuan">Li Daoyuan</a>, highlights observations made during this period that Gaonu County had certain flammable water, which would turn out to be <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  A major earthquake afflicted the Shang Commandery in 32 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  In 9 CE, Gaonu County was renamed to Pingli County (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 平利县; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 平利縣; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Pínglì Xiàn).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  Shortly afterwards, it was renamed Gaonu County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  Towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_han" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern han">Eastern Han period</a>, the Xiongnu retook control of the area.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Five_Barbarians_rule">Five Barbarians rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Five Barbarians rule">edit</a>]</div> During its incorporation into the Xiongnu confederacy, the Xiongnu people, the <a href="/wiki/Qiang_(historical_people)" title="Qiang (historical people)">Qiang people</a>, and a number of smaller ethnic groups inhabited the area.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  However, the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Western Jin</a> would then retake the land, until <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuan_(Han_Zhao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)">Liu Yuan</a>, a Xiongnu noble, rose up and established the <a href="/wiki/Former_Zhao" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Zhao">Han Zhao</a> state in 304 CE.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  After <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bobo" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Bobo">Liu Bobo</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Xia_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Great Xia dynasty</a> in 407 CE, he built the ancient city of Fenglin (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 丰林; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 豐林), which was located in present-day Zhoujiawan Village (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 周家湾村) in the <a href="/wiki/Towns_of_China" title="Towns of China">town</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liqu" title="Liqu">Liqu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  In 451 CE, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei</a> organized the area under the jurisdiction of Guangluo County (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 广洛县; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 廣洛縣), located in present-day <a href="/wiki/Ansai_District" title="Ansai District">Ansai District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  Guangluo County was ruled by the Jinming Commandery (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 金明郡).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 6  In 559 CE, local <a href="/wiki/Jihu" title="Jihu">Jihu</a> leaders <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hao_Abao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hao Abao (page does not exist)">Hao Abao</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%9D%E9%98%BF%E4%BF%9D" class="extiw" title="zh:郝阿保">zh</a>] and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hao_Langpi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hao Langpi (page does not exist)">Hao Langpi</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%9D%E7%8B%BC%E7%9A%AE" class="extiw" title="zh:郝狼皮">zh</a>] fought against the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Zhou" title="Northern Zhou">Northern Zhou</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Qi" title="Northern Qi">Northern Qi</a>, but were defeated by Northern Zhou leader <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Lin_(Northern_Zhou)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gao Lin (Northern Zhou) (page does not exist)">Gao Lin</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%90%B3" class="extiw" title="zh:高琳">zh</a>].<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sui_dynasty">Sui dynasty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sui dynasty">edit</a>]</div> In 582 CE, a number of prominent <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürk</a> leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Tardu" title="Tardu">Tardu Khagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apa_Qaghan" title="Apa Qaghan">Apa Khaghan</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanhan_Khargan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanhan Khargan (page does not exist)">Tanhan Khargan</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%AA%E6%B1%97%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" class="extiw" title="zh:贪汗可汗">zh</a>], led an army of approximately 400,000 Göktürks to invade the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  Sui forces in contemporary Baota District successfully repelled them.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanzhou_(Western_Xia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanzhou (Western Xia) (page does not exist)">Yanzhou</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89)" class="extiw" title="zh:延州 (延安)">zh</a>], the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_(administrative_division)" title="Zhou (administrative division)">zhou</a> which governed the area during the early Sui dynasty, was abolished in 607 CE, and replaced with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan%27an_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan'an Commandery (page does not exist)">Yan'an Commandery</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E9%83%A1" class="extiw" title="zh:延安郡">zh</a>].<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  Under both Yanzhou and Yan'an Commandery, the area of contemporary Baota District was governed as Fushi County (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 肤施县; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 膚施縣; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Fūshī Xiàn).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  In 614 CE, general Liu Jia (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 刘迦; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 劉迦) attempted an uprising in the area, centered on nearby <a href="/wiki/Fu_County" title="Fu County">Fu County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  The uprising quickly failed, and was crushed.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  In February of 617 CE, rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Liang_Shidu" title="Liang Shidu">Liang Shidu</a> captured the northern portions of Yan'an Commandery during his march southward.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tang_dynasty">Tang dynasty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tang dynasty">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94.jpg/220px-%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94.jpg/330px-%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94.jpg/440px-%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The pagoda on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_Mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baota Mountain (page does not exist)">Baota Mountain</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="zh:宝塔山">zh</a>], constructed from 766 to 779 CE</figcaption></figure> In September of 619 CE, Liang Shidu and his army was expelled from the region by <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duan_Decao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duan Decao (page does not exist)">Duan Decao</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E5%BE%B7%E6%93%8D" class="extiw" title="zh:段德操">zh</a>], who was appointed as the head of the Tang's Yanzhou armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  In 633 CE, under Tang rule, the Yanhua Canal (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 延化渠) was dug out in Yanzhou to better conserve water in the region, and to help irrigate crops.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  However, the region's agriculture remains highly susceptible to episodes of severe frost, which killed local crops in 651 CE, 679 CE, and 704 CE.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  The area of present-day Baota District was greatly affected by the <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An Lushan Rebellion">An Lushan Rebellion</a>, which reduced Yanzhou's population from 16,345 households down to just 938 households.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  In 765 CE, while travelling through the region to migrate to an area less afflicted by the conflict, famous poet <a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a> spent a night in Qilipu (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 七里铺), in what is now the southern portion of Baota District.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 7  From 766 to 779 CE, the pagoda on Jialing Mountain (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 嘉岭山; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 嘉嶺山), now known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_Mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baota Mountain (page does not exist)">Baota Mountain</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="zh:宝塔山">zh</a>], was constructed.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  In 895 CE, Yanzhou experienced rain for a span of 60 consecutive days.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_period_of_conflict">Subsequent period of conflict</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subsequent period of conflict">edit</a>]</div> Following the collapse of the Tang dynasty, Yanzhou was thrown into decades of unrest, with reported military conflicts in the region happening in 936, 947, and 953 CE.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  In 962 CE, the <a href="/wiki/Tangut_people" title="Tangut people">Tangut</a> and Qiang peoples, who lived around Yanzhou, became <a href="/wiki/Tributary_system_of_China" title="Tributary system of China">tributaries</a> of the newly emergent <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  Local Tangut leader <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Jipeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Jipeng (page does not exist)">Li Jipeng</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%BB%A7%E6%8D%A7" class="extiw" title="zh:李继捧">zh</a>], who ruled over a population of over 50,000 households, visited the Song capital of Bianjing (present-day <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>) in 982 CE.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  In 977 CE, the region was afflicted by a severe drought.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  When the <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> declared independence in 1038, Yanzhou became an important border location.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Renzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Renzong of Song">Emperor Renzong</a> of the Song dynasty organized a number of <a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">circuits</a> in the region to consolidate Song rule in the region, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fyuan_Circuit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fyuan Circuit (page does not exist)">Fyuan Circuit</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%84%9C%E5%BB%B6%E8%B7%AF" class="extiw" title="zh:鄜延路">zh</a>] and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huanqing_Circuit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huanqing Circuit (page does not exist)">Huanqing Circuit</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%BA%86%E8%B7%AF" class="extiw" title="zh:环庆路">zh</a>].<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  However, the Western Xia invaded the region in early 1040, led by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jingzong_of_Western_Xia" title="Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia">Emperor Jingzong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  Song forces, led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan_Yong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan Yong (page does not exist)">Fan Yong</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E9%9B%8D" class="extiw" title="zh:范雍">zh</a>], mobilized to defend 36 <a href="/wiki/Villages_of_China" title="Villages of China">villages</a> in the area.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  Emperor Jingzong captured Jinming (in present-day Ansai District), and then moved on to Yanzhou's center, located in what is now Baota District.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  After three days of fighting, Western Xia forces captured the area.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  However, heavy snowfalls later led to food shortages among Western Xia soldiers in Yanzhou, and they were forced to withdraw from the region shortly after.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 8  Song general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhao_Zhen_(Song_general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhao Zhen (Song general) (page does not exist)">Zhao Zhen</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E6%8C%AF_(%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B)" class="extiw" title="zh:赵振 (北宋)">zh</a>] was put in charge of guarding the Song's border with the Western Xia, but was dismissed from this role in June 1040 following a Western Xia raid which killed two major generals.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Zhao Zhen commanded 8,000 soldiers, but only sent 100 to fend off the attack, resulting in accusations that he refused to help.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  In 1041, <a href="/wiki/Fan_Zhongyan" title="Fan Zhongyan">Fan Zhongyan</a> was put in charge of <a href="/wiki/Q%C3%ACng_Prefecture" title="Qìng Prefecture">Qing Prefecture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pang_Ji_(Song_dynasty)" title="Pang Ji (Song dynasty)">Pang Ji</a> was put in charge of Yanzhou.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  While serving as a military officer in Yanzhou, Song dynasty scientist <a href="/wiki/Shen_Kuo" title="Shen Kuo">Shen Kuo</a> conducted a number of experiments with petroleum in the region, which he believed would have many uses.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Following the collapse of the Song dynasty, the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> (not to be confused with the aforementioned Western Jin) was established, and began making quick advances into the region. In November 1128, the Jin conquered nearby <a href="/wiki/Danzhou_(modern_Shaanxi)" title="Danzhou (modern Shaanxi)">Danzhou</a> (in present-day <a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Shaanxi" title="Yichuan County, Shaanxi">Yichuan County</a>, directly to Baota's south), and then moved to conquer the eastern portion of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan%27an_Fu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan'an Fu (page does not exist)">Yan'an Fu</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%BA%9C" class="extiw" title="zh:延安府">zh</a>], the <a href="/wiki/Fu_(administrative_division)" title="Fu (administrative division)">fu</a> which governed the region at the time.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Following their success in the eastern portion, the Jin conquered the western portions of Yan'an Fu.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Jin rule in the region lasted less than a century, with <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> soldiers capturing the eastern portion of Yan'an Fu in 1221.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  When the Western Xia was completely conquered by the Mongol Empire in 1227, Jin forces withdrew from Yan'an Fu, allowing the Mongol Empire to occupy it.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  A earthquake struck the region during one night in September 1303.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  In May 1314, a <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hailstorm</a> with strong winds impacted much of the regions crops, farm animals, and humans.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Flooding in the summer of June 1326 uprooted 90 households in Fushi County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ming_dynasty">Ming dynasty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ming dynasty">edit</a>]</div> In May 1369, <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> forces led by <a href="/wiki/Xu_Da" title="Xu Da">Xu Da</a> conquered Yan'an Fu.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Yan'an Fu suffered another <a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disaster</a> in July 1373, when a drought caused a local <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boyan_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boyan Timur (page does not exist)">Boyan Timur</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E9%A2%9C%E5%B8%96%E6%9C%A8%E5%84%BF_(%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D)" class="extiw" title="zh:伯颜帖木儿 (元朝)">zh</a>], attacked the region in 1376.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  However, they were repelled by Ming generals <a href="/wiki/Tang_He" title="Tang He">Tang He</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fu_Youde" title="Fu Youde">Fu Youde</a>, the latter of whom went on to capture Boyan Timur.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  This marked the final military conflict in Yan'an Fu for many decades.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  The region went on to suffer two major natural disasters in 1439.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  First, a drought happened in the summer, then, the region was flooded in the autumn.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  These two disasters resulted in a nearly non-existent harvest that year.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Another major disaster struck on September 30, 1448, when an earthquake hit the region.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Heavy rainfalls in 1456 resulted in major structural damage to many buildings in the region.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Serious droughts again afflicted the region in the summer of 1481, and the autumn of 1484.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Yanli Canal (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 延利渠) was built in the south of Yan'an Fu in 1496, creating Liu Lake (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 柳湖).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  An insect plague destroyed much of the region's crops in October 1497.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  The Yongji Bridge (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 永济桥) was built outside of the eastern gate of the central city in Yan'an Fu in 1503.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Yongji Bridge reached a height of 2.18 metres (7.2 ft), and spanned across a distance of 3.11 metres (10.2 ft).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  On October 17, 1505, Yan'an Fu was hit by two separate earthquakes on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 9  Chinese poet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Panlong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Panlong (page does not exist)">Li Panlong</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%94%80%E9%BE%99" class="extiw" title="zh:李攀龙">zh</a>], one of the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Seven_Masters" title="Latter Seven Masters">Latter Seven Masters</a>, wrote a poem about the city in 1570 titled "Yanzhou City" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 延州城; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yánzhōu Chéng).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  Severe famine afflicted the region in 1629, and again in 1632.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  Chinese peasant rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</a> occupied Yan'an Fu in November 1643, as part of his short-lived <a href="/wiki/Shun_dynasty" title="Shun dynasty">Shun dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  Li renamed Yan'an Fu to Tianbao Fu (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 天保府).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qing_dynasty">Qing dynasty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Qing dynasty">edit</a>]</div> Shun forces continued to control Tianbao Fu in the face of ascendant <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> forces in 1645.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  Led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Guo_(Shun_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Guo (Shun dynasty) (page does not exist)">Li Guo</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%BF%87" class="extiw" title="zh:李过">zh</a>] and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Yigong_(Shun_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gao Yigong (Shun dynasty) (page does not exist)">Gao Yigong</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%80%E5%8A%9F" class="extiw" title="zh:高一功">zh</a>], Shun forces retreated from <a href="/wiki/Wayaobao_Subdistrict" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayaobao Subdistrict">Wayaobao</a> to Tianbao Fu's urban center.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  They held it for 20 days before being abandoning it due to lack of food supplies.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  In March 1649, Qing general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Yongqiang_(Qing_general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Yongqiang (Qing general) (page does not exist)">Wang Yongqiang</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B0%B8%E5%BC%BA_(%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D)" class="extiw" title="zh:王永强 (明朝)">zh</a>] led a rebellion, killing local governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Zhengzhi_(Qing_governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Zhengzhi (Qing governor) (page does not exist)">Wang Zhengzhi</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%97_(%E5%B4%87%E7%A5%AF%E8%BF%9B%E5%A3%AB)" class="extiw" title="zh:王正志 (崇祯进士)">zh</a>].<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  From 1753 to 1773, the region was afflicting by droughts during 10 of its 20 springs, culminating in a failed harvest in 1773.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  The <a href="/wiki/White_Lotus_Rebellion" title="White Lotus Rebellion">White Lotus Rebellion</a> afflicted the region in 1796.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  Rich families were robbed, and tax collections were resisted.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  The <a href="/wiki/Dungan_Revolt_(1862%E2%80%931877)" title="Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)">Dungan Revolt</a> afflicted the region in 1868, with a major riot breaking out in Sanshilipu (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 三十里铺), in what is now the town of <a href="/wiki/Liulin,_Baota_District" title="Liulin, Baota District">Liulin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  In 1877, a drought afflicted the region so badly that people resorted to <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  This episode was part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Northern_Chinese_Famine_of_1876%E2%80%931879" title="Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879">Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879</a>, which afflicted the Shaanbei region that year, and led to numerous documented instances of cannibalism in and around present-day Yan'an.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>: 95–96  In August 1889, a severe flood afflicted the region, resulting in crops getting washed away.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  Frost afflicted the region's crops beginning in the summer of 1899, freezing and killing crops.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  This continued every summer throughout the next five years.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  In 1904 and 1910, the prominent <a href="/wiki/Academies_of_Classical_Learning" title="Academies of Classical Learning">imperial academy</a> in the area, Heming Academy (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 和鸣书院; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 和鳴書院; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Hèmíng Shūyuàn) was spun off into two modern-styled schools.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China">Republic of China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Republic of China">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yang_Hucheng2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Yang_Hucheng2.jpg/220px-Yang_Hucheng2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Yang_Hucheng2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>A picture of local warlord <a href="/wiki/Yang_Hucheng" title="Yang Hucheng">Yang Hucheng</a>, taken sometime during the 1920s</figcaption></figure> On January 1, 1912, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> was declared, and thousands of Republican troops were stationed in Yan'an Fu to established control.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 10  In 1913, the Republican government reorganized China's administrative divisions, abolishing the fu, and re-establishing the circuit. As such, in 1913, Yan'an Fu was abolished, and Fushi County was assigned to the jurisdiction of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yulin_Circuit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yulin Circuit (page does not exist)">Yulin Circuit</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="zh:榆林道">zh</a>].<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  Famers in the town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lin,_Baota_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lin, Baota District (page does not exist)">Lin</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:临镇">zh</a>] revolted in June 1913, and laid siege to nearby Yanchang County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  The attempted rebellion led to the deaths of 4 people, the wounding of at least 40, and the arrest of 20 people.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  In subsequent years, a large amount of military forces continued to garrison Fushi County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  Fushi County continued educational reforms begun in the late Qing dynasty, with two <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary schools</a> for boys, a primary school for girls, a <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>-affiliated school all being established in 1915.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  These schools combined enrolled a total of 145 students upon their foundation that year.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  In 1916, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> oil company <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a> conducted <a href="/wiki/Geological_survey" title="Geological survey">geological surveys</a> of Fushi County, and began drilling <a href="/wiki/Oil_well" title="Oil well">oil wells</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  A <a href="/wiki/Post_office" title="Post office">post office</a> was established in Fushi County in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  In August of that year, the region did not receive its typical heavy rainfalls, which had not happened for the first time in approximately a century.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  The eastern portion of the city's walls were uprooted the following month, and severe banditry afflicted Fushi County and neighboring Ansai County that December.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  This banditry evolved into a full-fledged revolution, and in June 1918, prominent Chinese educator and politician <a href="/wiki/Yu_Youren" title="Yu Youren">Yu Youren</a> arrived in the region to partake in revolutionary activities.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  A police station was built in Fushi County in 1920, staffed by dozens of personnel equipped with guns.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  However, the current <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist</a> government of Baota District claims that these policemen often looted people's properties and violently attacked people, instead of establishing order and peace.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  In 1920, a bank was built in Fushi County, which served the nascent commercial and industrial sectors of the region, as well as military higher-ups.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  An earthquake afflicted the county in December 1920, creating landslides which damaged and destroyed many homes.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  A drought afflicted the Shaanbei region the following year.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11  <a href="/wiki/Yang_Hucheng" title="Yang Hucheng">Yang Hucheng</a>, a warlord in the region, invaded the region from <a href="/wiki/Luochuan_County" title="Luochuan County">Luochuan County</a> on July 5, 1922.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 11–12  Yang's forces continued from the region up to Ansai County and <a href="/wiki/Jingbian_County" title="Jingbian County">Jingbian County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 12  Another secondary school was opened in Fushi County in the spring of 1925, enrolling approximately 20 students from Fushi County and the surrounding areas.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 12  A <a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">telegraph</a> office was established in Fushi County in 1934, connecting the county to <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Luochuan_County" title="Luochuan County">Luochuan County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  By 1935, <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> calls from Fushi County could reach destinations such as Xi'an, <a href="/wiki/Sanyuan_County" title="Sanyuan County">Sanyuan County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaozhou_District" title="Yaozhou District">Yao County</a>, Luochuan County, <a href="/wiki/Lintong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintong District">Lintong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suide_County" title="Suide County">Suide</a>, and Yulin.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communist_activity_and_Chinese_Civil_War">Communist activity and Chinese Civil War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Communist activity and Chinese Civil War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E9%9B%95%E5%83%8F_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E9%9B%95%E5%83%8F_06.jpg/220px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E9%9B%95%E5%83%8F_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E9%9B%95%E5%83%8F_06.jpg/330px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E9%9B%95%E5%83%8F_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E9%9B%95%E5%83%8F_06.jpg/440px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E9%9B%95%E5%83%8F_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A Statue of <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> in Baota District</figcaption></figure> Beginning in 1923, Communist agitators such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wei_Yechou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wei Yechou (page does not exist)">Wei Yechou</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E9%87%8E%E7%95%B4" class="extiw" title="zh:魏野畴">zh</a>], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Zizhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Zizhou (page does not exist)">Li Zizhou</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="extiw" title="zh:李子洲">zh</a>], and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huyan_Zhendong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huyan Zhendong (page does not exist)">Huyan Zhendong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 呼延震东; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 呼延震東) began organizing in what was then Fushi County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 12  By August 1925, party members began teaching and spreading Communist literature in a secondary school in the county, and a Communist Party branch was established in Yan'an by the summer of the following year.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 12  In August 1927, local warlord <a href="/wiki/Jing_Yuexiu" title="Jing Yuexiu">Jing Yuexiu</a> closed the school the Communist Party members were organizing in, but re-opened it the following month.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 13  Though forced underground, Communist Party members had re-entered the school by October, and succeeded in expelling "<a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a>" faculty by December 1927.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 13  Now formally organized, Communist Party activities in the area continued, and in the summer of 1929, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhidan" title="Liu Zhidan">Liu Zhidan</a> visited Fushi County to inspect the Party, and give orders for future activities.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 13  In the spring of 1931, Communist Party leaders helped organize a rally of approximately 3,000 farmers against various taxes put on their grains and other crops.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 13–14  They ultimately failed in abolishing the taxes, and in response, local warlord Jing Yuexiu closed the school where Communist Party members organized, and effectively forced the party to go back underground.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  However, the Communist Party's underground efforts in the county were further thwarted after the Secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Du_Heng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Du Heng (page does not exist)">Du Heng</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E8%A1%A1_(%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF)" class="extiw" title="zh:杜衡 (陕西)">zh</a>], defected.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  Beginning in February 1935, Communist Party forces began engaging in a number of military conflicts with local <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mintuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mintuan (page does not exist)">Mintuan</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%A2_(%E9%98%B2%E5%BE%A1%E5%9B%A2%E4%BD%93)" class="extiw" title="zh:民团 (防御团体)">zh</a>], pro-Nationalist <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militias</a> which effectively governed the region. On February 12, 1935, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Red_Army" title="Chinese Red Army">Red Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> forces defeated Mintuan in Sanshilipu (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 三十里铺), in what is now the town of <a href="/wiki/Liulin,_Baota_District" title="Liulin, Baota District">Liulin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  On February 18, Red Army forces defeated a hodgepodge of 50 Mintuan soldiers spanning from the town of Lin to neighboring <a href="/wiki/Ganquan_County" title="Ganquan County">Ganquan County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  That evening, they defeated another 50 Mintuan soldiers from the village of Jinpenwan (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 金盆湾) in present-day <a href="/wiki/Madongchuan" title="Madongchuan">Madongchuan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  Two days later, the Red Army defeated a force of over 100 Mintuan soldiers from the town of Lin.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Front_and_Communist_government">United Front and Communist government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United Front and Communist government">edit</a>]</div> In the spring of 1935, Communist Party officials appointed Ma Wenrui and other revolutionaries to the town of Lin to form the Revolutionary Committee of the Eastern Area of the Shaan-Gan Border Region (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 陕甘边东区革命委员会; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 陝甘邊東區革命委員會; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Shǎn Gān Biān Dōngqū Gémìng Wěiyuánhuì).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  In May, the Yan'an County Communist Party Committee (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 中共延安县委; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 中共延安縣委; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Zhōnggòng Yán'ān Xiàn Wěi) was re-established, and the Yan'an County Revolutionary Committee was established (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 延安县革命委员; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 延安縣革命委員; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Xiàn Gémìng Wěiyuán), and both met in the village of Liuxiaogou (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 刘小沟; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 劉小溝), in present-day <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qinghuabian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qinghuabian (page does not exist)">Qinghuabian</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%AD%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:青化砭镇">zh</a>].<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  On May 31, Red Army forces took the town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganguyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganguyi (page does not exist)">Ganguyi</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%B0%B7%E9%A9%BF%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:甘谷驿镇">zh</a>].<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  On July 18, a meeting of Communist forces was held in Qinghuabian, where they declared the transformation of the Yan'an Revolutionary Committee into the Yan'an County Soviet Government (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 延安县苏维埃政府; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 延安縣蘇維埃政府; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Xiàn Sūwéi'āi Zhèngfǔ).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  In November, a similar declaration transformed the Fushi County Revolutionary Committee (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 肤施县革命委员会; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 膚施縣革命委員會; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Fūshī Xiàn Gémìng Wěiyuánhuì) into the Fushi County Soviet Government (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 肤施县苏维埃政府; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 膚施縣蘇維埃政府; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Fūshī Xiàn Sūwéi'āi Zhèngfǔ).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  In February and April 1936, Communist forces from the area met with local Nationalist forces and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> representatives to stop some fighting and agree to certain borders in the hopes of stopping local conflict in the face of a rising <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> presence in China.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14  In spite of recent victories and formal declarations, Communist forces did not go unchallenged in the region. On November 19, 1936, a number of Communist Party figures, including some from neighboring Ansai County, were captured by Mintuan forces.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 14–15  They were executed in Fushi County two days later.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  At 2 am on December 18, in response to the <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Incident" title="Xi'an Incident">Xi'an Incident</a> and a challenging military situation, the remaining Mintuan fled from Fushi County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  At dawn on the same day, Red Army forces moved into the county's urban core.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  On January 13, 1937, <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee of the Communist Party</a> moved into the center of Fushi County, and established the Yan'an City Communist Party Committee (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 中共延安市委).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  In February 1937, the Communist Party abolished Fushi County,<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> merging it into Yan'an County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  In March, Hongquan County (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 红泉县; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 紅泉縣; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Hóngquán Xiàn) was merged into neighboring Yichuan County, with the new merged county named Hongyi County (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 红宜县; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 紅宜縣; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Hóngyí Xiàn).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  Despite these advances, the Communists of Yan'an remained somewhat stalled with their negotiations with the Nationalist government. On May 25, 1937, <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> and other Communist delegations travelling to Xi'an to meet with <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> officials were attacked by bandits, and 11 Communist officials were killed.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  On May 31, 1937, the Yan'an Anti-Japanese Salvation Congress (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 延安市抗日救国会; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 延安市抗日救國會; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Shì Kàngrì Jiùguó Huì) met, and elected 13 Executive Committee members.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  Beginning in July and August 1937, a number of large Anti-Japanese meetings and mobilization efforts in Yan'an took place.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  During this time, a number of journalists arrived to the region to report on its mobilization efforts, including <a href="/wiki/Ding_Ling" title="Ding Ling">Ding Ling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Smedley" title="Agnes Smedley">Agnes Smedley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  A defense organization meant to mitigate Japanese airstrikes was formed on August 19, 1937.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  The <a href="/wiki/Shaan-Gan-Ning_Border_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region">Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region</a> was formally established in Yan'an on September 6, 1937.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  The following month, the Yan'an Municipal Government was formally established.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15  On April 17, 1938, Nationalist general <a href="/wiki/Wei_Lihuang" title="Wei Lihuang">Wei Lihuang</a> travelled to Yan'an and met with Mao Zedong.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 16  On August 25, 1938, <a href="/wiki/Zhu_De" title="Zhu De">Zhu De</a> returned from the front line, and held a rally to the south of Yan'an's city gate which attracted over 10,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 16  The area of present-day Baota District did not see any conflicts relating to the Sino-Japanese War until November 1938, but the Communist government held near perpetual Anti-Japanese rallies, congresses, and military exercises, and the area served as a launching pad for Communist forces who fought the Japanese elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 15–16  On November 20 and November 21, 1938, Japanese airplanes conducted a bombing campaign against Yan'an, killing and wounding more than 100 people.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 16  On March 10, 1939, 14 Japanese planes performed a number of bombing runs on Yan'an.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 16  Another aerial bombing took place on August 15, with 10 Japanese airplanes dropping 50 bombs, wounding 5 people.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 16  On September 8, 64 Japanese bombers performed 3 bombing runs on Yan'an, killing and wounding more than 30 people.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 16  During October and November 1939, local businesspeople and enterprises donated sizable sums of money to the war effort and reconstruction purposes.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 16  Despite the sporadic Japanese bombings from November 1938 through September 1939, no there was no further conflict with the Japanese within Yan'an for the remainder of the war.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 16–19  During that time, the area continued to serve as the center for political rallies and war mobilizations, including some events involving the famous <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">Eighth Route Army</a>, as well prominent Communist leaders like Mao Zedong and Zhu De.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 16–18  In 1941, <a href="/wiki/Long-distance_calling" title="Long-distance calling">long-distance telephone services</a> were introduced to the region.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 17  On August 24, 1942, flash flooding along the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanchuan_River_(Yan_River)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanchuan River (Yan River) (page does not exist)">Nanchuan River</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B7%9D%E6%B2%B3_(%E5%BB%B6%E6%B2%B3)" class="extiw" title="zh:南川河 (延河)">zh</a>], which flows through the southern portion of present-day Baota District, killed 89 people and caused immense property damage.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 17  From October 19, 1942, to January 14, 1943, the Communist Party held a prolonged series of meetings in Yan'an to denounce <a href="/wiki/Wang_Ming" title="Wang Ming">Wang Ming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 17–18  Prominent communist party officials such as Mao Zedong and <a href="/wiki/Ren_Bishi" title="Ren Bishi">Ren Bishi</a> spoke in denunciation of Wang Ming.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 18  On August 15, 1945, a large celebration was held in Yan'an to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 19  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Chinese_Civil_War">Second Chinese Civil War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Second Chinese Civil War">edit</a>]</div> Following the conclusion of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> resumed. On July 26, 1946, Chinese pilot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Shanben&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Shanben (page does not exist)">Liu Shanben</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%96%84%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="zh:刘善本">zh</a>] defected from the Nationalist side, fleeing from <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> to Yan'an to join the Communists.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 20  Under Communist control, political reforms began to materialize in the area shortly after the war. In January 1947, the government of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuankou,_Yan%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuankou, Yan'an (page does not exist)">Chuankou</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8F%A3%E9%95%87_(%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="zh:川口镇 (延安市)">zh</a>] redistributed more than 3,600 <a href="/wiki/Mu_(unit_of_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu (unit of area)">mu</a> which local peasants claimed was stolen from them by landlords.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 21  Seven Nationalist aircraft bombed Yan'an on August 2, 1946.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 20  On November 11, Nationalist planes flew two <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance missions</a> over Yan'an, but did not bomb the area.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 21  A lone Nationalist plane bombed Yan'an in early November 1947.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 21  A major battle for Qinghuabian was fought on March 24, with five Red Army <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a> defending the town from Nationalist forces.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 21  From May 2 to May 4, the Red Army and Nationalist Army engaged in a battle for Panlong (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 蟠龙; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 蟠龍), which the Red Army won.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 21  On May 11, the Red Army, led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_Kuiyao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan Kuiyao (page does not exist)">Yan Kuiyao</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%8E%E6%8F%86%E8%A6%81" class="extiw" title="zh:阎揆要">zh</a>], succeeded in recapturing Jinpenwan from the Nationalists.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 21  Following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Shajiadian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Shajiadian (page does not exist)">Battle of Shajiadian</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%97%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" class="extiw" title="zh:沙家店战役">zh</a>] in August 1947, which resulted in a major defeat for the Nationalist army, Nationalist troops led by Hu Zongnan retreated from Yulin, moving south into Yan'an.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 22  25 Nationalists planes arrived on November 13 to bomb the urban areas of Yan'an, and 140,000 Nationalists soldiers commanded by Hu Zongnan attempted to invade.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 21  On November 14 and 15, Nationalists aircraft continued to bomb Yan'an's urban core, and also bombed the village of Jinpenwan.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 21  By November 18, Communist forces evacuated the city, fleeing northwards, and Nationalist forces moved in.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 21  The Communist Party claims that while occupying portions of Yan'an in March 1947, the Nationalist Army engaged in a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/white_terror" class="extiw" title="wikt:white terror">white terror</a>, targeting the local population.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 21  By early 1948, Communist forces in the area were relegated to using guerilla warfare tactics, and many Communist units were captured by Nationalist forces in the area.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 22  In March 1948, <a href="/wiki/Peng_Dehuai" title="Peng Dehuai">Peng Dehuai</a> led a team from Yan'an County in a battle in nearby Yichuan County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 22  On April 22, Yan'an was recaptured by the Red Army, and various Communist government institutions subsequently returned to Yan'an.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 22  In the weeks following its recapture, Communist officials led a number of parades through the city.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 22  Following the recapture of the city of Yan'an, Communist forces saw a number of other military successes nearby. On October 15, 1948, a group 12 Nationalist soldiers in Qilipu, in the south of what is now Baota District, surrendered to the Red Army.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 22–23  With increased control of the area, Communist forces oversaw the reopening of many local businesses in Yan'an County in January 1949.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 23  The Communist Party also made a number of administrative changes to the area. In February 1949, they abolished Linzhen County (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 临镇县; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 臨鎮縣; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Línzhèn Xiàn),<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 23  which was centered around the town of Lin,<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 22  and merged it into Yan'an County and Yanchang County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 23  They further consolidated the area by subordinating Yan'an City to Yan'an County in March.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 23 <a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> On May 5, Yan'an County was placed under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaanbei_Administrative_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaanbei Administrative Area (page does not exist)">Shaanbei Administrative Area</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%95%E5%8C%97%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="zh:陕北行政区">zh</a>], which roughly corresponded to the contemporary boundaries of Yan'an.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 23  Also in May, the capital of the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border District was moved from Yan'an to Xi'an.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> The newly reorganized government of Yan'an County faced a test on July 14, 1949, when an episode of hail damaged over a thousand houses, and over 18,000 mu of cropland.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 23  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China">People's Republic of China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China">edit</a>]</div> With the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">declaration of the People's Republic of China</a> on October 1, 1949, and the retreat of Nationalist forces from the region, the Yan'an County government began embarking on administrative reshufflings and reconstruction efforts, while continuing to hold large-scale political rallies in the county.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 23–24  From May through July 1950, an unidentified illness swept through Liulin, Jinpenwan, Panlong, Lin, and Yan'an's urban center, killing a recorded 680 people.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 24  An epidemic prevention team visited the county in March of the following year.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 24  Beginning in early December 1950, rallies and meetings against the American involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> were held in the Yan'an County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 24–25  On January 3, 1951, 6 new primary schools were opened in the county.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 24  Flooding hit the city on the afternoon of August 3, 1953.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 25  In January 1955, Yan'an County adjusted its internal divisions, resulting in 9 county-controlled districts and 45 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_China" title="Townships of China">townships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 25  By March 1956, all of Yan'an County's districts had received telephone connections.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 26  A <a href="/wiki/Thermal_power_station" title="Thermal power station">thermal power plant</a> was built in June, and electric lighting was installed throughout Yan'an city.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 26  During this time, the county underwent a degree of industrialization as part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a>, with a carpet factory, brick and tile factory, a repair shop, a printing factory, and a shoemaking shop all being built in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 26  On April 9, 1958, construction began on the Yan River Bridge (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 延河大桥; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán Hé Dàqiáo).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 26  The Yanhui Canal Dam (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 延惠渠水坝; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 延惠渠水壩; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yánhuì Qú Shuǐbà) was completed on July 1, 1958.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 26–27  Yan'an County began <a href="/wiki/Backyard_furnace" title="Backyard furnace">backyard smelting</a> in early September the same year.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 27  At 10:50 am on October 3, the first <a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation" title="Civil aviation">civil aviation</a> flight from Xi'an to Yan'an landed at Yan'an Dongguan Airport (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 延安东关机场; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 延安東關機場; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Dōngguān Jīchǎng).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 27  In December 1958, the entirety of Ganquan County, as well as the areas of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhuanyaowan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhuanyaowan (page does not exist)">Zhuanyaowan</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%96%E7%AA%91%E6%B9%BE%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:砖窑湾镇">zh</a>], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhao%27an,_Ansai_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhao'an, Ansai District (page does not exist)">Zhao'an</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%9B%E5%AE%89%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:招安镇">zh</a>], Xujiagou (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 徐家沟; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 徐家溝), Huangcaowan (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 黄草湾; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 黃草灣), and <a href="/wiki/Yanhewan" title="Yanhewan">Yanhewan</a> from Ansai County were all merged into Yan'an County.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 27  On April 18, 1959, the county government paid sums of money to lower-income households to combat famine in the county.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 27  On May 3, 1959, Yan'an Dongguan Bridge (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 延安东关大桥; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 延安東關大橋; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Dōngguān Dàqiáo) was opened.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 27  The bridge spans a length of 120.25 metres (394.5 ft), and is 8 metres (26 ft) wide.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 27  A nursing home was opened in the county on September 4.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 27  The county government initiated the construction of the Ershilipu Hydropower Station (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 二十里铺水电站; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 二十里鋪水電站; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Èrshílǐpù Shuǐdiàn Zhàn) on January 5, 1960.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 27  Food scarcity remained an issue in the county, and the county government issued a notice on February 16, 1960, urging residents to conserve food.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 27  In early October 1962, the county began collectivizing much of its economy.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 27–28  A committee to help conserve soil and water was established on March 13, 1963.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 28  On July 23, 1963, much of the county's farmland was affected by four separate hailstorms, and the county received financial aid.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 28  Yan'an County remained highly agrarian during this time, with the <a href="/wiki/1964_Chinese_census" title="1964 Chinese census">1964 Chinese Census</a> reporting that 110,683 of the county's 152,359 people were dependent on agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 28  On October 3, 1964, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> visited Yan'an, and was shown various revolutionary sites.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 28  A delegation from the <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnamese</a> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_News_Agency" title="Vietnam News Agency">Vietnam News Agency</a> visited Yan'an on October 27.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 28  On October 22, 1964, Yan'an County received the first of 32 batches of people who relocated as part of the <a href="/wiki/Down_to_the_Countryside_Movement" title="Down to the Countryside Movement">Down to the Countryside Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 28  The Yan'an Yangjialing Bridge (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 延安杨家岭大桥; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 延安楊家嶺大橋; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Yángjiālǐng Dàqiáo) was opened to traffic on December 10, 1964.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 28  The first 18 <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">asphalt</a> roads were paved in Yan'an city on May 21, 1966, totaling a length of 25 kilometres (16 mi).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 29  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cultural_Revolution_and_intra-party_conflict">Cultural Revolution and intra-party conflict</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cultural Revolution and intra-party conflict">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1967-10_%E9%99%95%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E5%B2%AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1967-10_%E9%99%95%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E5%B2%AD.jpg/220px-1967-10_%E9%99%95%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E5%B2%AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1967-10_%E9%99%95%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E5%B2%AD.jpg/330px-1967-10_%E9%99%95%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E5%B2%AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1967-10_%E9%99%95%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E5%B2%AD.jpg/440px-1967-10_%E9%99%95%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E5%B2%AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Yangjialing in October 1967</figcaption></figure> In 1966, the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> began in Yan'an County. Beginning in May of that year, <a href="/wiki/Big-character_poster" title="Big-character poster">dazibao</a> began appearing at schools, teachers were denounced, rallies against the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Family_Village&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Family Village (page does not exist)">Three Family Village</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%B6%E6%9D%91_(%E6%96%87%E9%9D%A9%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD)" class="extiw" title="zh:三家村 (文革用语)">zh</a>] were held, and the county established a group to further promote revolutionary activities.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 28–29  On July 8, over 800 teachers from Yan'an County partook in a Communist training program which lasted more than 80 days.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 29  Yan'an's first <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards" title="Red Guards">Red Guards</a> were established on August 18.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 29  By October, the Red Guards were implanted in the county's schools.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 29  During that time, a campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a> was enacted.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 29  The Red Guards in Yan'an hosted a number of schools in the county where over 200,000 students from around China came to receive ideological training.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 29  This large influx of students generated a sizable amount of economic revenue for the county.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 29  Many of these students went on to form rival Communist organizations, which engaged in widespread debate and disputes with the Red Guards throughout the county.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 29  On January 27, 1967, a "rebel faction" formed a committee to "take over" the county's political structure, and began openly criticizing local party leaders.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  The group's influence would go on to effectively paralyze the work of the county government.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  In February of that year, the local army was mobilized to support the <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_zhi_liang_jun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San zhi liang jun (page does not exist)">San zhi liang jun</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%94%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%86%9B" class="extiw" title="zh:三支两军">zh</a>] campaign, which mobilized the military to provide political support, industrial support, agricultural support, managerial support, and military exercises.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  By March, the county's 410 work units had effectively been split between the ruling Communist Party figures and the opposition faction, and 848 different combat teams (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 战斗队; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: zhàndòu duì), militias formed by supporters of a particular faction, had been organized throughout the county.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  A large public "debate" took place on May 15, and on July 30, the two sides organized violent demonstrations against one another, killing 1 and wounding more than 30.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  The two sides engaged in another series of violent demonstrations on a bridge on September 3, killing 2 and wounding more than 20.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  Tensions between the two sides reached a boiling point on October 6, when a local official named Qiao Hongjun (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 乔鸿俊; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 喬鴻俊; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Qiáo Hóngjùn) was escorting a visiting delegation comprising officials from seven countries, including <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Romania</a>, and Japan to their hotel.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  The opposition faction stormed the hotel, resulting in a violent response from crowds supporting the government.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  When Qiao emerged to try to work out a solution, he was badly beaten, and rushed to Xi'an for medical treatment.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  Perhaps emboldened from that incident, an anti-government mob stormed the county's military headquarters on the night of December 10, seizing approximately 400 weapons and 1.4 million rounds of ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  The following morning, a group from the pro-government faction also stole weapons and ammunition from the county's military forces, although on a much smaller scale.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  On December 16, members of the county's opposition faction attacked the military members stationed in the city, and forced the soldiers to leave.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  Beginning that month, members from the two factions began robbing banks for money, and robbing other people and institutions for grain and cooking oil.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 31  The next year, from February 27 to March 16, the two sides engaged in open warfare, with approximately 1,000 combatants using machine guns, artillery, and other military-grade weapons to attack each other.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  15 people were killed, and an additional 11 were injured during this battle.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  Later in March, Zhou Enlai invited the two sides to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> to work out an agreement, and a declaration of peace between the two sides was reached.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  As part of this agreement, the two sides agreed to let a unit of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> (PLA) be stationed in Yan'an, and continue the san zhi liang jun campaign.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  On April 12, the two sides reached an agreement to hand over their weapons to the PLA, and on the morning of the 14th, PLA soldiers took over military checkpoints and guard posts surrounding Yan'an city.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  However, large-scale fighting resumed the next month, and from May 29 through July, open fighting between the two factions resulted in about 110 more deaths and 30 more people wounded.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  The unrest began to spread beyond Yan'an County, with the two sides skirmishing in nearby <a href="/wiki/Zhidan_County" title="Zhidan County">Zhidan County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wuqi_County" title="Wuqi County">Wuqi County</a> on June 3, killing seven people.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  Another fight in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chafang_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chafang Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Chafang</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%9D%8A%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="zh:茶坊街道">zh</a>], Fu County on June 14 killed more than 30 people.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  By July, the Central Committee of the Communist Party intervened, issuing two proclamations, one on July 3 and another on July 24, calling on the two sides to cease fighting.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  Leaders from the two factions were sent to Xi'an to partake in a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Study_session_(Cultural_Revolution)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Study session (Cultural Revolution) (page does not exist)">study session</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%8F%AD" class="extiw" title="zh:毛泽东思想学习班">zh</a>], where they arranged a truce, and a surrender of their confiscated weapons.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30  As a result, the Yan'an County Revolutionary Committee (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 延安县革命委员会; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 延安縣革命委員會; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Xiàn Gémìng Wěiyuánhuì), part of the county government, was established in August 18, featuring leaders from both factions.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 30–31  On August 29, this committee agreed to promote the two proclamations made in July by the Central Committee.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 31  The local committee also agreed to compensate those from which the two factions stole from, although the amount paid in compensation was just a small fraction of what was stolen.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 31  On December 2, 1968, a batch of approximately 4,500 educated youths from Beijing was sent to Yan'an as part of the Down to the Countryside Movement.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 31  On January 19, 1969, the Yan'an County Revolutionary Committee ordered a reduction of Yan'an's urban population, and sent more than 6,000 urban residents to rural portions of the county to help with agricultural work.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 31  On November 17, 1970, <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Prince Sihanouk</a> of Cambodia visited Yan'an, and on September 20 of the following year, <a href="/wiki/Penn_Nouth" title="Penn Nouth">Penn Nouth</a> and his wife also visited.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 32  In 1971 alone, delegations from communist parties, military academies, cultural institutions, and scientific institutions came to visit Yan'an from countries such as <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, Japan, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 32  In February 1972, Yan'an City was re-established as a <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 32 <a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> On June 9, 1973, Zhou Enlai hosted North Vietnamese leaders <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Du%E1%BA%A9n" title="Lê Duẩn">Lê Duẩn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_V%C4%83n_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng" title="Phạm Văn Đồng">Phạm Văn Đồng</a> in Yan'an.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 32–33  On May 1, 1974, 39 educated youths from Beijing and 16 educated youths from Xi'an were sent to Yan'an as part of the Down to the Countryside Movement.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 33  On June 1, 1974, the Yan'an Nanhe Baotashan Highway Bridge (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 延安南河宝塔山公路桥; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Nánhé Bǎotǎshān Gōnglù Qiáo) was completed and opened to traffic.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 33  The <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a> bridge spans 87 metres (285 ft) in length, is 7 metres (23 ft) wide, and features sidewalks on both sides of the road.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 33  On August 10, 1975, Yan'an County was merged into Yan'an City.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 33 <a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> The Wangjiaping Bridge (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 王家坪大桥; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Wángjiāpíng Dàqiáo) was completed and opened to traffic on January 1, 1976.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 33  The bridge spans a length of 201 metres (659 ft), and totals 10 metres (33 ft) wide.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 33  On May 16, 1976, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, and his wife visited Yan'an.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 33  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-Mao_era">Post-Mao era</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Post-Mao era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%BE%B9%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%BE%B9%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93_06.jpg/220px-%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%BE%B9%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%BE%B9%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93_06.jpg/330px-%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%BE%B9%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%BE%B9%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93_06.jpg/440px-%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%BE%B9%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>A view of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan%27an_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan'an railway station (page does not exist)">Yan'an railway station</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E7%AB%99" class="extiw" title="zh:延安站">zh</a>], built in 1991</figcaption></figure> Immediately following the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Mao_Zedong" title="Death and state funeral of Mao Zedong">death of Mao Zedong</a> on September 9, 1976, local leaders in Yan'an hoped to continue his policies and the Cultural Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 34  On October 22, 1976, approximately 40,000 people, including many local leaders, partook in a political rally championing the <a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 34  However, following the Gang of Four's quick downfall, local leaders changed their tune. On January 3, 1977, the Yan'an Municipal Party Committee held a meeting where they deeply criticized the Gang of Four.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 34  On July 6, 1977, a huge flood struck the city, destroying more than 4,100 houses, and killing 134 people.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 34  The flooding caused 58 million <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> (RMB) in damage, and destroyed the Yan'an Dongguan Bridge built just 18 years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 34  On November 27, 1977, another tragedy struck the city when a bus en route from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaodian,_Shaanxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaodian, Shaanxi (page does not exist)">Yaodian</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E5%BA%97%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:姚店镇">zh</a>] to Yan'an's city center caught fire, killing 48 passengers, and seriously wounding the remaining 19 passengers.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 34  From 1978 through 1980, the Yan'an city government <a href="/wiki/Political_rehabilitation" title="Political rehabilitation">rehabilitated</a> various local politicians and figures who were purged by Maoist elements during the Cultural Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 34–35  During these three years, the city government reexamined 1,890 instances which took place during the Cultural Revolution, as well as 1,976 cases which took place prior to the Cultural Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 35  In December 1979, the Yan'an Municipal Revolutionary Committee was abolished and replaced by the Yan'an Municipal People's Government (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 延安市人民政府; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Shì Rénmín Zhèngfǔ).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 35  On May 9, 1980, an explosion occurred during the construction of a coal mine, killing one person.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 35  At 6 pm on September 5, 1982, a city bus overturned near present-day <a href="/wiki/Qiaogou_Subdistrict" title="Qiaogou Subdistrict">Qiaogou Subdistrict</a>, injuring 99 people, of which, 27 were seriously injured.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 36  The Yan'an City Department Store (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 延安市百货大楼; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Shì Bǎihuò Dàlóu), a 4-story shopping complex spanning an area of 6,000 square metres (65,000 sq ft), was opened on August 1, 1983.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 37  On January 29, 1984, an illegal coal mine collapsed, killing two people.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 37  In September 1984, the city's <a href="/wiki/People%27s_commune" title="People's commune">people's commune</a>, a Maoist-era administrative designation, were formally reverted to towns and townships.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 37  On October 19, 1984, the Yan'an Education College (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 延安教育学院; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Jiàoyù Xuéyuàn), now a <a href="/wiki/Constituent_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituent college">constituent college</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan%27an_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan'an University (page does not exist)">Yan'an University</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="zh:延安大学">zh</a>], was established.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 37  Two city bus accidents happened in quick succession in November 1987, with one happening on the 22nd, and the other on the 24th.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 39  Combined, these accidents killed two and severely injured another person.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 39  Two unusual summer hail storms hit the city in the summer of 1988, one on June 27, and the other on August 25.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 40  Combined, these two storms caused 4.11 million RMB in damage.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 40  On January 3, 1989, a large <a href="/wiki/Oilfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Oilfield">oilfield</a> was discovered in the town of <a href="/wiki/Nanniwan,_Baota_District" title="Nanniwan, Baota District">Nanniwan</a>, spanning an estimated area of 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi), and containing an estimated 50 million tons of petroleum.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 40  Approximately 5,000 students from the city's colleges, universities, and other schools held a street protest in Yan'an on May 18, 1989, as part of the 1989 Chinese protests.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 41  On June 15, the Municipal Party Committee discouraging protest.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 41  <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a> visited Yan'an in September 1989,<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 41  Li Ruihuan visited Yan'an on April 16, 1990,<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 42  and <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Peng" title="Li Peng">Li Peng</a> followed suit on November 20, 1990.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 42  A ceremony was held at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan%27an_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan'an railway station (page does not exist)">Yan'an railway station</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E7%AB%99" class="extiw" title="zh:延安站">zh</a>] on December 26, 1991, to inaugurate the <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an%E2%80%93Yan%27an_railway" title="Xi'an–Yan'an railway">Xi'an - Yan'an Railway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 42  Passenger services on the line commenced on August 1 of the following year.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 43  A large-scale car crash along the Yan'an - Yichuan Highway (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 延宜公路; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán Yí Gōnglù) in Nanniwan on November 21, 1992, killed 24 people, and injured another 9.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 43  50.92 kilometres (31.64 mi) of electric lines were installed in Yan'an in May 1993.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 44  This connected 31 villages to the city's electric grid, and improved the rural electricity connection rate up to 94%.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 44  In October 1993, the Yan'an Jialing Bridge (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 延安嘉岭大桥; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yán'ān Jiālǐng Dàqiáo) was completed and opened to traffic.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 44  The bridge spans a length of 181.41 metres (595.2 ft), totals 12 metres (39 ft) wide, and has sidewalks on both sides of the bridge's road.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 44  In November 1996, Yan'an was upgraded to a <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a>, and what was previously Yan'an City was changed to Baota District.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> From the 1990s through the mid-2010s, Baota District continued to experience significant population growth.<a href="#cite_note-:9-8">[8]</a> Much of the district's new growth occurred in its city center, although leapfrog development increased throughout the 2000s through the mid-2010s.<a href="#cite_note-:9-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%B6%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%80_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%B6%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%80_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%B6%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%80_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%B6%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%80_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%B6%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%80_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%B6%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%80_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%B6%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%80_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view of the district in 2013</figcaption></figure> Baota District is part of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Shaanxi" title="Northern Shaanxi">Northern Shaanxi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> spanning over 3,500 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi) in area.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> The <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">district</a> has an average altitude of 898.5 metres (2,948 ft) above sea level.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> Its highest point is Ningchengliang (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 宁成梁), in the northwestern area of the district, which reaches 1,525 metres (5,003 ft) above sea level.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 56  The <a href="/wiki/Yan_River" title="Yan River">Yan River</a> flows through the district from northwest to southeast, from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hezhuangping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hezhuangping (page does not exist)">Hezhuangping</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%BA%84%E5%9D%AA%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:河庄坪镇">zh</a>] to <a href="/wiki/Qiaogou_Subdistrict" title="Qiaogou Subdistrict">Qiaogou Subdistrict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 62 <a href="#cite_note-:9-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a>: 1469  It then flows from the district's center to its northeast, through <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuankou,_Yan%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuankou, Yan'an (page does not exist)">Chuankou</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8F%A3%E9%95%87_(%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="zh:川口镇 (延安市)">zh</a>], <a href="/wiki/Liqu" title="Liqu">Liqu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaodian,_Shaanxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaodian, Shaanxi (page does not exist)">Yaodian</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E5%BA%97%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:姚店镇">zh</a>], and finally through <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganguyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganguyi (page does not exist)">Ganguyi</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%B0%B7%E9%A9%BF%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:甘谷驿镇">zh</a>].<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 62 <a href="#cite_note-:9-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a>: 1469  The total length of the river's flow through Baota District is 62 kilometres (39 mi),<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 62  and it forms <a href="/wiki/River_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="River Basin">basin</a> area in the district's north that totals 2,203.68 square kilometres (850.85 sq mi) in area.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 62 <a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a>: 1469  The district's other major river is the Fenchuan River (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 汾川河; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Fénchuān Hé), which flows from Nanniwan to <a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Shaanxi" title="Yichuan County, Shaanxi">Yichuan County</a> and into the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 263 <a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a>: 1469  The Fenchuan Canal (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 汾川渠; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Fénchuān Qú), a small canal off the Fenchuan River which <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigates</a> nearby land, flows through Madongchuan, creating the Jinpenwan Reservoir (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 金盆湾水库; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Jīnpénwān Shuǐkù).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 268  Historical records indicate that the region was highly forested approximately 3,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 55  However, during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, widespread droughts, coupled by intense <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a>, increased <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> and destroyed much of the region's forests.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 55  Much of the region was covered in <a href="/wiki/Secondary_forest" title="Secondary forest">secondary forests</a> by the 1920s, but by the late 1920s drought and deforestation had once again rid the area of much of its forests.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 55  Currently, much of the district is once again covered in secondary forests, particularly in the sparsely populated southern portion of the district.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 55  Like other places in the <a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a>, Baota District has a high degree of soil erosion.<a href="#cite_note-:9-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a>: 1469  Much of the district's north is used as farmland and grassland.<a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a>: 1472  Through the 2000s, the total farmland area of Baota District decreased substantially, while grassland increased significantly, and a minor growth in forested land occurred.<a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a>: 1472  As of 2010, 39.79% of the district's land area is grassland, while 30.13% is woodland, and 28.83% is farmland.<a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a>: 1472  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Fauna">edit</a>]</div> A number of wild birds have habitats in the district, including <a href="/wiki/Magpie" title="Magpie">magpies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pheasant" title="Pheasant">pheasants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">owls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crow" title="Crow">crows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_World_sparrow" title="Old World sparrow">old world sparrows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swallow" title="Swallow">swallows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodpecker" title="Woodpecker">woodpeckers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuckoo" title="Cuckoo">cuckoos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lark" title="Lark">larks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_World_oriole" title="Old World oriole">old world oriole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swan_goose" title="Swan goose">swan geese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mallard" title="Mallard">mallards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_duck" title="Mandarin duck">mandarin ducks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 72  The <a href="/wiki/Seven-spotted_ladybug" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven-spotted ladybug">seven-spotted ladybug</a> is native to the district.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 72  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Baota District experiences an average annual temperature of 7 °C (45 °F).<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a> Summer <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hailstorms</a>, which typically happen during the <a href="/wiki/Afternoon" title="Afternoon">afternoon</a>, have historically afflicted the area.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 73–74  Typically accompanied by violent rains and winds, some hailstorms in the area have been severe, and damage crops.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 73–74  The district experiences an average annual precipitation of 550 millimetres (22 in).<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a> Precipitation is mostly concentrated in the summer, when heavy rains of high intensity occur.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 59  The district receives 71% of its annual total precipitation from the months of June through September.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 59  The district frequently experiences <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flooding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waterlogging_(agriculture)" title="Waterlogging (agriculture)">waterlogging</a>, and increased erosion caused by torrential rains.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 73 <a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a> The region is also highly susceptible to droughts.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 59  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> Baota District administers 5 <a href="/wiki/Subdistricts_of_China" title="Subdistricts of China">subdistricts</a>, 12 <a href="/wiki/Towns_of_China" title="Towns of China">towns</a>, and 1 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_China" title="Townships of China">township</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdistricts">Subdistricts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Subdistricts">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Hanzi </th> <th>Pinyin </th> <th>Statistical Code<a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baotashan_Subdistrict" title="Baotashan Subdistrict">Baotashan Subdistrict</a> </td> <td>宝塔山街道 </td> <td>Bǎotǎshān Jiēdào </td> <td>610602001000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanshi_Subdistrict,_Yan%27an" title="Nanshi Subdistrict, Yan'an">Nanshi Subdistrict</a> </td> <td>南市街道 </td> <td>Nánshì Jiēdào </td> <td>610602002000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fenghuangshan_Subdistrict,_Yan%27an" title="Fenghuangshan Subdistrict, Yan'an">Fenghuangshan Subdistrict</a> </td> <td>凤凰山街道 </td> <td>Fènghuángshān Jiēdào </td> <td>610602003000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaoyuan_Subdistrict,_Yan%27an" title="Zaoyuan Subdistrict, Yan'an">Zaoyuan Subdistrict</a> </td> <td>枣园街道 </td> <td>Zǎoyuán Jiēdào </td> <td>610602004000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qiaogou_Subdistrict" title="Qiaogou Subdistrict">Qiaogou Subdistrict</a> </td> <td>桥沟街道 </td> <td>Qiáogōu Jiēdào </td> <td>610602005000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Towns">Towns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Towns">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Hanzi </th> <th>Pinyin </th> <th>Statistical Code<a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hezhuangping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hezhuangping (page does not exist)">Hezhuangping</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%BA%84%E5%9D%AA%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:河庄坪镇">zh</a>] </td> <td>河庄坪镇 </td> <td>Hézhuāngpíng Zhèn </td> <td>610602102000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liqu" title="Liqu">Liqu</a> </td> <td>李渠镇 </td> <td>Lǐqú Zhèn </td> <td>610602103000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaodian,_Shaanxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaodian, Shaanxi (page does not exist)">Yaodian</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E5%BA%97%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:姚店镇">zh</a>] </td> <td>姚店镇 </td> <td>Yáodiàn Zhèn </td> <td>610602104000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qinghuabian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qinghuabian (page does not exist)">Qinghuabian</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%AD%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:青化砭镇">zh</a>] </td> <td>青化砭镇 </td> <td>Qīnghuàbiān Zhèn </td> <td>610602105000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panlong,_Baota_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panlong, Baota District (page does not exist)">Panlong</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9F%A0%E9%BE%99%E9%95%87_(%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="zh:蟠龙镇 (延安市)">zh</a>] </td> <td>蟠龙镇 </td> <td>Pánlóng Zhèn </td> <td>610602106000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liulin,_Baota_District" title="Liulin, Baota District">Liulin</a> </td> <td>柳林镇 </td> <td>Liǔlín Zhèn </td> <td>610602107000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanniwan,_Baota_District" title="Nanniwan, Baota District">Nanniwan</a> </td> <td>南泥湾镇 </td> <td>Nánníwān Zhèn </td> <td>610602108000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lin,_Baota_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lin, Baota District (page does not exist)">Lin</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:临镇">zh</a>] </td> <td>临镇 </td> <td>Lín Zhèn </td> <td>610602109000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganguyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganguyi (page does not exist)">Ganguyi</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%B0%B7%E9%A9%BF%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:甘谷驿镇">zh</a>] </td> <td>甘谷驿镇 </td> <td>Gāngǔyì Zhèn </td> <td>610602110000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanhuashan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanhuashan (page does not exist)">Wanhuashan</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E8%8A%B1%E5%B1%B1%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:万花山镇">zh</a>] </td> <td>万花山镇 </td> <td>Wànhuāshān Zhèn </td> <td>610602111000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuankou,_Yan%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuankou, Yan'an (page does not exist)">Chuankou</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8F%A3%E9%95%87_(%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="zh:川口镇 (延安市)">zh</a>] </td> <td>川口镇 </td> <td>Chuānkǒu Zhèn </td> <td>610602112000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madongchuan" title="Madongchuan">Madongchuan</a> </td> <td>麻洞川镇 </td> <td>Mádòngchuān Zhèn </td> <td>610602113000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Townships">Townships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Townships">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Hanzi </th> <th>Pinyin </th> <th>Statistical Code<a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fengzhuang_Township,_Shaanxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fengzhuang Township, Shaanxi (page does not exist)">Fengzhuang Township</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%AF%E5%BA%84%E4%B9%A1_(%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="zh:冯庄乡 (延安市)">zh</a>] </td> <td>冯庄乡 </td> <td>Féngzhuāng Xiāng </td> <td>610602202000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale collapsible collapsed" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1949</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">79,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">82,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.76%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">77,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1952</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">80,134</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1953</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">93,905</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+17.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">99,577</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1955</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">107,699</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">116,821</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.47%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1957</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">109,088</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.62%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1958</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">107,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.64%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">127,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.92%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">141,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">146,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.82%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">147,326</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1963</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">149,785</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.67%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">152,712</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.95%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1965</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">155,485</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.82%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">161,834</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1967</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">165,070</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1968</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">170,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1969</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">175,675</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">183,999</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">189,269</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.86%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1972</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">200,421</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.89%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1973</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">206,289</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.93%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1974</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">210,346</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.97%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">218,494</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1976</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">222,598</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1977</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">226,001</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1978</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">227,028</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.45%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">234,725</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">235,009</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.12%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">238,396</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.44%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">246,923</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1983</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">249,137</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1984</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">254,139</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1985</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">259,835</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">268,410</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.30%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1987</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">274,312</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.20%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1988</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">280,173</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">288,778</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">303,217</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">309,152</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.96%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1992</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">312,869</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.20%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1993</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">317,485</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">403,868</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.50%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">475,234</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.64%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2019</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">497,085</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.50%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-11">[11]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> At the end of 2019, Baota District had a permanent population of 497,085 people, and a <a href="/wiki/Hukou" title="Hukou">hukou</a> population of 475,003.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> Of Baota District's permanent population, 80.58% lived in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> While much of the <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">district's</a> population lives in its <a href="/wiki/City_centre" title="City centre">urban center</a>, its north has a higher population density than its south.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>: 3  The permanent population had a <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> of 10.13‰ (per thousand), and a <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">death rate</a> of 5.98‰, giving the district a <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_natural_increase" title="Rate of natural increase">rate of natural increase</a> of 4.15‰.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> As of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Chinese_census" title="2010 Chinese census">2010 Chinese Census</a>, Baota District had 105.2 males per 100 females.<a href="#cite_note-:8-11">[11]</a> The average household size of Baota District totaled 2.91 as of 2010.<a href="#cite_note-:8-11">[11]</a> Baota District is 99.93% ethnically <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> as of 2010.<a href="#cite_note-:8-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Zhi-Yan_dialect" title="Zhi-Yan dialect">Zhi-Yan dialect</a>, a variety of <a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin Chinese</a>, is indigenous to Baota District.<a href="#cite_note-:02-13">[13]</a> According to the Shaanxi Provincial Local Chronicle Office (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 陕西省地方志办公室; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Shǎnxī Shěng Dìfāngzhì Bàngōngshì), there are three narrower dialect groups within Baota District.<a href="#cite_note-:02-13">[13]</a> One group is centered on the urban center of Baota District, and includes <a href="/wiki/Zaoyuan_Subdistrict,_Yan%27an" title="Zaoyuan Subdistrict, Yan'an">Zaoyuan Subdistrict</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hezhuangping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hezhuangping (page does not exist)">Hezhuangping</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%BA%84%E5%9D%AA%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:河庄坪镇">zh</a>], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qinghuabian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qinghuabian (page does not exist)">Qinghuabian</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%AD%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:青化砭镇">zh</a>], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganguyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganguyi (page does not exist)">Ganguyi</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%B0%B7%E9%A9%BF%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:甘谷驿镇">zh</a>], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaodian,_Shaanxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaodian, Shaanxi (page does not exist)">Yaodian</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E5%BA%97%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:姚店镇">zh</a>], <a href="/wiki/Liqu" title="Liqu">Liqu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuankou,_Yan%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuankou, Yan'an (page does not exist)">Chuankou</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8F%A3%E9%95%87_(%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="zh:川口镇 (延安市)">zh</a>], <a href="/wiki/Qiaogou_Subdistrict" title="Qiaogou Subdistrict">Qiaogou Subdistrict</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanhuashan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanhuashan (page does not exist)">Wanhuashan</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E8%8A%B1%E5%B1%B1%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:万花山镇">zh</a>], <a href="/wiki/Liulin,_Baota_District" title="Liulin, Baota District">Liulin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nanniwan,_Baota_District" title="Nanniwan, Baota District">Nanniwan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-13">[13]</a> A second group, spoken in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lin,_Baota_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lin, Baota District (page does not exist)">Lin</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:临镇">zh</a>], is more similar to dialects in nearby <a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Shaanxi" title="Yichuan County, Shaanxi">Yichuan County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-13">[13]</a> A third group is spoken in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panlong,_Baota_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panlong, Baota District (page does not exist)">Panlong</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9F%A0%E9%BE%99%E9%95%87_(%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="zh:蟠龙镇 (延安市)">zh</a>], in the north of Baota District.<a href="#cite_note-:02-13">[13]</a> This third group is heavily influenced by migrants who came from the city of <a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a> in the 1930s, and has a <a href="/wiki/Checked_tone" title="Checked tone">checked tone</a> distinct from varieties of Zhi-Yan spoken in urban Baota District.<a href="#cite_note-:02-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Income">Income</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Income">edit</a>]</div> As of 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Per_capita" title="Per capita">per capita</a> <a href="/wiki/Disposable_and_discretionary_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Disposable and discretionary income">disposable income</a> of urban residents totaled 36,088 <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> (RMB), an 8.7% increase from 2018; the per capita disposable income of rural residents totaled 11,324 RMB, a 10.5% increase from 2018.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_history">Population history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Population history">edit</a>]</div> Since the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, Baota District has experience near perpetual population growth. In 1949, Baota District (then known as Yan'an County) had a population of 79,800.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 96  By 1960, this number rose dramatically to 141,300, reached 183,999 by 1970, 235,009 by 1980, and 317,485 by 1993.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 96  During this span, from 1949 to 1993, the population of Yan'an County fell in only three years: 1951, 1957, and 1958.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a>: 96  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> As of 2019, the district's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) totaled 36.391 billion <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> (RMB).<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> This value is up 7.3% from 2018,<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> and up substantially from the 21.5 billion RMB recorded in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> Of Baota's GDP, 4.8% came from the <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">district's</a> <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">primary sector</a>, 37.5% came from its <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">secondary sector</a>, and 57.7% came from its <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> Major industries in Baota District include <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>, and various services.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> The hamlets have telephone access.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Agriculture">edit</a>]</div> As of 2019, Baota District's <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> contributed 2.617 billion RMB to the economy, a 5.6% increase from 2018.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">district</a> also has smaller <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> industries.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> Major crops grown in Baota District include various <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> The most common farm animals raised in the district are goat and pigs, although poultry and cattle are also raised in smaller quantities.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_resources">Natural resources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Natural resources">edit</a>]</div> The district has large areas of <a href="/wiki/Secondary_forest" title="Secondary forest">secondary forests</a>, totaling 1.58 million <a href="/wiki/Chinese_units_of_measurement" title="Chinese units of measurement">mu</a> in area.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> The district also has <a href="/wiki/Yixing_ware" title="Yixing ware">purple clay</a> reserves totaling 7 million tons, petrol reserves totaling 146 million tons, <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> reserves totaling 1.803 billion tons, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> reserves totaling 47 billion <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre" title="Cubic metre">cubic meters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> There are a total of 275 schools in Baota District.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> These include 1 <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a>, 1 specialized higher education institute, 2 specialized <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a>, 4 upper secondary schools, 5 standard secondary schools, 14 junior secondary schools, 10 nine year schools, 1 twelve-year school, 62 <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary schools</a>, 174 <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergartens</a>, and 1 school for the <a href="/wiki/Deafness" title="Deafness">deaf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> As of 2019, these schools employ a total of 11,627 faculty members, and enroll 190,387 students.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> Notable institutions in the <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">district</a> include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan%27an_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan'an University (page does not exist)">Yan'an University</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="zh:延安大学">zh</a>], the <a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_at_Yan%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Executive Leadership Academy at Yan'an (page does not exist)">China Executive Leadership Academy at Yan'an</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan%27an_Vocational_%26_Technical_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan'an Vocational & Technical College (page does not exist)">Yan'an Vocational & Technical College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%A5%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E8%88%AA%E7%AB%99%E6%A5%BC%E5%86%85_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%A5%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E8%88%AA%E7%AB%99%E6%A5%BC%E5%86%85_10.jpg/220px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%A5%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E8%88%AA%E7%AB%99%E6%A5%BC%E5%86%85_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%A5%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E8%88%AA%E7%AB%99%E6%A5%BC%E5%86%85_10.jpg/330px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%A5%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E8%88%AA%E7%AB%99%E6%A5%BC%E5%86%85_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%A5%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E8%88%AA%E7%AB%99%E6%A5%BC%E5%86%85_10.jpg/440px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94_%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%A5%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E8%88%AA%E7%AB%99%E6%A5%BC%E5%86%85_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7296" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>The interior of Yan'an Nanniwan Airport</figcaption></figure> Major transport links which run through the district include the <a href="/wiki/Huangling_County" title="Huangling County">Huangling</a> to Yan'an portion of <a href="/wiki/G65_Baotou%E2%80%93Maoming_Expressway" title="G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway">G65 Baotou-Maoming Expressway</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an-Yan%27an_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi'an-Yan'an Railway">Xi'an-Yan'an Railway</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Shenmu-Yan%27an_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenmu-Yan'an Railway">Shenmu-Yan'an Railway</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> and <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_210" title="China National Highway 210">National Road 210</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> The district is home to Yan'an Station, the city's primary <a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">train station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an_Nanniwan_Airport" title="Yan'an Nanniwan Airport">Yan'an Nanniwan Airport</a> was opened in the town of <a href="/wiki/Liulin,_Baota_District" title="Liulin, Baota District">Liulin</a> on November 8, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-:4-16">[16]</a> Previously, the district was served by <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an_Ershilipu_Airport" title="Yan'an Ershilipu Airport">Yan'an Ershilipu Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> As of 2019, Baota District is home to 12 <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">movie theatres</a>, and 2 performance venues.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> There are 2 public libraries in the <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">district</a>, hosting approximately 530,000 books.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> As of 2019, there are 442 medical institutions in Baota District, including 21 <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">district's</a> medical institutions host 6,110 medical beds, of which, 5,676 are located in the district's hospitals.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1.jpg/220px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1.jpg/330px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1.jpg/440px-%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The Pagoda on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_Mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baota Mountain (page does not exist)">Baota Mountain</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="zh:宝塔山">zh</a>]</figcaption></figure> The Yan'an Pagoda Mountain Scenic Area (延安宝塔山景区) is located within the district.<a href="#cite_note-:5-17">[17]</a> The mountain's peak reaches 1,135.5 metres (3,725 ft) in elevation, and features a 44 metres (144 ft) tall pagoda built during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang Dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baota_District&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Shaanxi_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shaanxi" title="Template:Shaanxi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shaanxi" title="Template talk:Shaanxi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shaanxi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shaanxi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Shaanxi_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shaanxi" title="List of administrative divisions of Shaanxi">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Xi&#039;an" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xincheng_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Xincheng District, Xi'an">Xincheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianhu District">Lianhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilin_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Beilin District, Xi'an">Beilin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Baqiao District">Baqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiyang_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Weiyang District, Xi'an">Weiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanta_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanta District">Yanta District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanliang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanliang District">Yanliang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lintong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintong District">Lintong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_District,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang'an District, Xi'an">Chang'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoling District">Gaoling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huyi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huyi District">Huyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantian_County" title="Lantian County">Lantian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhouzhi_County" title="Zhouzhi County">Zhouzhi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaozhou_District" title="Yaozhou District">Yaozhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangyi_District" title="Wangyi District">Wangyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yintai_District" title="Yintai District">Yintai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yijun_County" title="Yijun County">Yijun County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weibin_District,_Baoji" title="Weibin District, Baoji">Weibin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jintai_District" title="Jintai District">Jintai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chencang_District" title="Chencang District">Chencang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengxiang_District" title="Fengxiang District">Fengxiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qishan_County" title="Qishan County">Qishan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fufeng_County" title="Fufeng County">Fufeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei_County,_Shaanxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mei County, Shaanxi">Mei County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_County,_Shaanxi" title="Long County, Shaanxi">Long County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianyang_County" title="Qianyang County">Qianyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyou_County" title="Linyou County">Linyou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_County,_Shaanxi" title="Feng County, Shaanxi">Feng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taibai_County" title="Taibai County">Taibai County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qindu_District" title="Qindu District">Qindu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weicheng_District,_Xianyang" title="Weicheng District, Xianyang">Weicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangling_District" title="Yangling District">Yangling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou,_Shaanxi" title="Binzhou, Shaanxi">Binzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyuan_County" title="Sanyuan County">Sanyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingyang_County" title="Jingyang County">Jingyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_County" title="Qian County">Qian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquan_County" title="Liquan County">Liquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongshou_County" title="Yongshou County">Yongshou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changwu_County" title="Changwu County">Changwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunyi_County" title="Xunyi County">Xunyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunhua_County" title="Chunhua County">Chunhua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugong_County" title="Wugong County">Wugong County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linwei_District" title="Linwei District">Linwei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou_District" title="Huazhou District">Huazhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongguan_County" title="Tongguan County">Tongguan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_County" title="Dali County">Dali County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pucheng_County,_Shaanxi" title="Pucheng County, Shaanxi">Pucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengcheng_County" title="Chengcheng County">Chengcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishui_County" title="Baishui County">Baishui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyang_County" title="Heyang County">Heyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuping_County,_Shaanxi" title="Fuping County, Shaanxi">Fuping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baota District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansai_District" title="Ansai District">Ansai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zichang,_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Zichang, China">Zichang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanchang_County" title="Yanchang County">Yanchang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanchuan_County" title="Yanchuan County">Yanchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhidan_County" title="Zhidan County">Zhidan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuqi_County" title="Wuqi County">Wuqi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganquan_County" title="Ganquan County">Ganquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_County" title="Fu County">Fu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luochuan_County" title="Luochuan County">Luochuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Shaanxi" title="Yichuan County, Shaanxi">Yichuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanglong_County" title="Huanglong County">Huanglong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangling_County" title="Huangling County">Huangling County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hantai_District" title="Hantai District">Hantai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanzheng_District" title="Nanzheng District">Nanzheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenggu_County" title="Chenggu County">Chenggu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_County" title="Yang County">Yang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixiang_County" title="Xixiang County">Xixiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_County" title="Mian County">Mian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningqiang_County" title="Ningqiang County">Ningqiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCeyang_County" title="Lüeyang County">Lüeyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenba_County" title="Zhenba County">Zhenba County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuba_County" title="Liuba County">Liuba County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foping_County" title="Foping County">Foping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuyang_District" title="Yuyang District">Yuyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshan_District,_Yulin" title="Hengshan District, Yulin">Hengshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenmu" title="Shenmu">Shenmu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugu_County" title="Fugu County">Fugu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingbian_County" title="Jingbian County">Jingbian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingbian_County" title="Dingbian County">Dingbian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suide_County" title="Suide County">Suide County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizhi_County" title="Mizhi County">Mizhi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_County,_Shaanxi" title="Jia County, Shaanxi">Jia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubu_County" title="Wubu County">Wubu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingjian_County" title="Qingjian County">Qingjian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zizhou_County" title="Zizhou County">Zizhou County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanbin_District" title="Hanbin District">Hanbin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunyang,_Shaanxi" title="Xunyang, Shaanxi">Xunyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanyin_County" title="Hanyin County">Hanyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiquan_County" title="Shiquan County">Shiquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningshan_County" title="Ningshan County">Ningshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang_County" title="Ziyang County">Ziyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langao_County" title="Langao County">Langao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingli_County" title="Pingli County">Pingli County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenping_County,_Shaanxi" title="Zhenping County, Shaanxi">Zhenping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baihe_County" title="Baihe County">Baihe County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhou_District" title="Shangzhou District">Shangzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luonan_County" title="Luonan County">Luonan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danfeng_County" title="Danfeng County">Danfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangnan_County" title="Shangnan County">Shangnan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanyang_County" title="Shanyang County">Shanyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhen%27an_County" title="Zhen'an County">Zhen'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhashui_County" title="Zhashui County">Zhashui County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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