Hard Sludge Formation and Consolidation in Pressurized Water Reactor Steam Generators: An Experimental Study

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Consolidation in Pressurized Water Reactor Steam Generators: An Experimental Study</title> <meta name="description" content="Hard Sludge Formation and Consolidation in Pressurized Water Reactor Steam Generators: An Experimental Study"> <meta name="keywords" content="consolidation, hard sludge, secondary circuit, steam generator"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" 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</div> <div class="card publication-listing mt-3 mb-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem">Hard Sludge Formation and Consolidation in Pressurized Water Reactor Steam Generators: An Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Fernandez-Saavedra">R. Fernandez-Saavedra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20B.%20Gomez-Mancebo"> M. B. Gomez-Mancebo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Gomez-Briceno"> D. Gomez-Briceno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The gradual corrosion of PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) feedwater, condensate and drain systems results in the inevitable liberation of corrosion products, principally metallic oxides, to the secondary circuit. In addition, other contaminants and impurities are introduced into the makeup water, auxiliary feedwater and by condenser leaks. All these compounds circulating in the secondary flow can eventually be transported to steam generators and be transformed into deposits on their surfaces. Deposits that accumulate on the tube sheet are known as sludge piles and when they consolidate and harden become into hard sludge. Hard sludge is especially detrimental because it favors tube deformation or denting at the top of tube sheet and further stress corrosion cracking (SCC). These failures affect the efficiency of nuclear power plants. In a recent work, a model for the formation and consolidation of hard sludge has been formulated, highlighting the influence of aluminum and silicon compounds in the initial formation of hard sludge. In this work, an experimental study has been performed in order to get a deeper understanding of the behavior of Al and Si species in hard sludge formation and consolidation. For this purpose, the key components of hard sludge (magnetite, aluminum and/or silicon sources) have been isothermally autoclaved in representative secondary circuit conditions during one week, and the resulting products have been chemically and structurally characterized by XRF and XRD techniques, respectively. <iframe src="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85117.pdf" style="width:100%; height:400px;" frameborder="0"></iframe> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation" title="consolidation">consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20sludge" title=" hard sludge"> hard sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20circuit" title=" secondary circuit"> secondary circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steam%20generator" title=" steam generator"> steam generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85117/hard-sludge-formation-and-consolidation-in-pressurized-water-reactor-steam-generators-an-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational 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Hard Sludge Formation and Consolidation in Pressurized Water Reactor Steam Generators: An Experimental Study