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welfare</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: consumer welfare"> <meta name="keywords" content="consumer welfare"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="consumer welfare"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1783</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: consumer welfare</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1783</span> Stuck Down in the Mess of Aisles: Need of a Practical Consumer Welfare Policy Framework in Sri Lanka with Special Reference to Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20N.%20R.%20de%20Silva">E. N. R. de Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this research is to set a policy framework for establishing a legal, institutional and social infrastructure that enhances the welfare, health, safety and economic interest of the consumers in Sri Lanka. It will help to develop an approach to continuously and successfully advocate for a consumer protection legal reform agenda and also it is significant as it gives directions to create national consumer protection associations in Sri Lanka. The methodology adopted for this research is purely a qualitative approach and it is generally and specifically categorized. Generally, part of this research looked at the existing laws, regulations and how effective they are in order to protect consumers. It will analyze the consumer protection framework and specially, consumer protection enhanced by the public organizations in Japan. This research offers a model with methods and legal instruments to enforce advocacy group to enhance consumer welfare, also brings out reforms to be made in the national legal framework on consumer welfare. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20protection%20association" title="consumer protection association">consumer protection association</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20protection%20law" title=" consumer protection law"> consumer protection law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20welfare" title=" consumer welfare"> consumer welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20framework" title=" legal framework"> legal framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63357/stuck-down-in-the-mess-of-aisles-need-of-a-practical-consumer-welfare-policy-framework-in-sri-lanka-with-special-reference-to-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1782</span> Consumer Welfare in the Platform Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prama%20Mukhopadhyay">Prama Mukhopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starting from transport to food, today’s world platform economy and digital markets have taken over almost every sphere of consumers’ lives. Sellers and buyers are getting connected through platforms, which is acting as an intermediary. It has made consumer’s life easier in terms of time, price, choice and other factors. Having said that, there are several concerns regarding platforms. There are competition law concerns like unfair pricing, deep discounting by the platforms which affect the consumer welfare. Apart from that, the biggest problem is lack of transparency with respect to the business models, how it operates, price calculation, etc. In most of the cases, consumers are unaware of how their personal data are being used. In most of the cases, they are unaware of how algorithm uses their personal data to determine the price of the product or even to show the relevant products using their previous searches. Using personal or non-personal data without consumer’s consent is a huge legal concern. In addition to this, another major issue lies with the question of liability. If a dispute arises, who will be responsible? The seller or the platform? For example, if someone ordered food through a food delivery app and the food was bad, in this situation who will be liable: the restaurant or the food delivery platform? In this paper, the researcher tries to examine the legal concern related to platform economy from the consumer protection and consumer welfare perspectives. The paper analyses the cases from different jurisdictions and approach taken by the judiciaries. The author compares the existing legislation of EU, US and other Asian Countries and tries to highlight the best practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition" title="competition">competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer" title=" consumer"> consumer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title=" data"> data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platform" title=" platform"> platform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126042/consumer-welfare-in-the-platform-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1781</span> Maximisation of Consumer Welfare in the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Competition Guidelines: The Malaysian Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ida%20Madieha%20Abdul%20Ghani%20Azmi">Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heng%20Gee%20Lim"> Heng Gee Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adlan%20Abdul%20Razak"> Adlan Abdul Razak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasaruddin%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Nasaruddin Abdul Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of competition law is to maximise consumer welfare through the regulation of anti-competitive behaviour that results in the distortion of the market. Intellectual property law also seeks to enhance consumer welfare in the long run by encouraging the development of useful devices and processes. Nevertheless, in some circumstances, the IP owners behave in such a way that makes it difficult for rival companies to sell substitute products and technology in the market. Intellectual property owners may also reach a dominant position in the market such that they are able to dictate unfair terms and conditions on other market players. Among the two major categories of anti-competitive behavior is the use of horizontal and vertical agreement to constrain effective competition and abuse of dominant position. As a result, many countries have regulated the conduct of the IP owners that are considered as anti-competitive including the US, Canada, and Singapore. This paper visits the proposed IP Guidelines recently drafted by the Malaysian Competition Commission and investigates to what extent it resolves most of the anti-competitive behavior of the IP owners. The paper concludes by suggesting some of the rules that could be prescribed by the Competition Commission in order to maintain the relevancy of competition law as the main check against the abuse of rights by the intellectual property owners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abuse%20of%20dominant%20position" title="abuse of dominant position">abuse of dominant position</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20welfare" title=" consumer welfare"> consumer welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property%20rights" title=" intellectual property rights"> intellectual property rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20agreements" title=" vertical and horizontal agreements"> vertical and horizontal agreements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88488/maximisation-of-consumer-welfare-in-the-enforcement-of-intellectual-property-rights-in-competition-guidelines-the-malaysian-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1780</span> Consumer Over-Indebtedness in Germany: An Investigation of Key Determinants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaojing%20Wang">Xiaojing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann-Marie%20Ward"> Ann-Marie Ward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Wall"> Tony Wall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of over-indebtedness has increased since deregulation of the banking industry in the 1980s, and now it has become a major problem for most countries in Europe, including Germany. Consumer debt issues have attracted not only the attention of academics but also government and debt counselling institutions. Overall, this research aims to contribute to the knowledge gap regarding the causes of consumer over-indebtedness in Germany and to develop predictive models for assessing consumer over-indebtedness risk at consumer level. The situation of consumer over-indebtedness is serious in Germany. The relatively high level of social welfare support in Germany suggests that consumer debt problems are caused by other factors, other than just over-spending and income volatility. Prior literature suggests that the overall stability of the economy and level of welfare support for individuals from the structural environment contributes to consumers’ debt problems. In terms of cultural influence, the conspicuous consumption theory in consumer behaviour suggests that consumers would spend more than their means to be seen as similar profiles to consumers in a higher socio-economic class. This results in consumers taking on more debt than they can afford, and eventually becoming over-indebted. Studies have also shown that financial literacy is negatively related to consumer over-indebtedness risk. Whilst prior literature has examined structural and cultural influences respectively, no study has taken a collective approach. To address this gap, a model is developed to investigate the association between consumer over-indebtedness and proxies for influences from the structural and cultural environment based on the above theories. The model also controls for consumer demographic characteristics identified as being of influence in prior literature, such as gender and age, and adverse shocks, such as divorce or bereavement in the household. Benefiting from SOEP regional data, this study is able to conduct quantitative empirical analysis to test both structural and cultural influences at a localised level. Using German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study data from 2006 to 2016, this study finds that social benefits, financial literacy and the existence of conspicuous consumption all contribute to being over-indebted. Generally speaking, the risk of becoming over-indebted is high when consumers are in a low-welfare community, have little awareness of their own financial situation and always over-spend. In order to tackle the problem of over-indebtedness, countermeasures can be taken, for example, increasing consumers’ financial awareness, and the level of welfare support. By analysing causes of consumer over-indebtedness in Germany, this study also provides new insights on the nature and underlying causes of consumer debt issues in Europe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer" title="consumer">consumer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debt" title=" debt"> debt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20literacy" title=" financial literacy"> financial literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic" title=" socio-economic"> socio-economic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100251/consumer-over-indebtedness-in-germany-an-investigation-of-key-determinants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1779</span> Factors Affecting the Effective Management of the Employee Welfare Fund at the Department of Labour Protection and Welfare</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nareerut%20Rodwring">Nareerut Rodwring</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research were to study the current problems of the management of welfare fund at the department of labor protection and welfare, to study important factors affecting the management of welfare fund at the department of labor protection and welfare, to study major influences of the management of welfare fund at the department of labor protection and welfare, and finally to propose the proper guidelines for the management of welfare fund at the department of labor protection and welfare. This research study utilized the information from document, laws, rules, and regulations of the government, handbook for welfare, and government policy in the past. Moreover, the qualitative research was conducted by retrieving insight information from key informants, 15 persons for the committee of welfare employees, and 10 persons from a high level of management in the welfare area, academics, and experts. In terms of quantitative method, the study covers all 76 provinces and 10 areas of Bangkok. Independent variables included strategy, structure, shared value, system, whereas the dependent variables included the management factors such as speed, punctuation, and quality of work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title="strategy">strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare" title=" welfare"> welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20protection" title=" labor protection"> labor protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89881/factors-affecting-the-effective-management-of-the-employee-welfare-fund-at-the-department-of-labour-protection-and-welfare" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1778</span> Consumer Behaviour and Experience When Purchasing Cage-Free Eggs in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chen">M. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Lee"> H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20M.%20Weary"> D. M. Weary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> China is the world’s largest egg producer, with more than 90% of production occurring in conventional cages. Cage-free housing systems offer the potential for improving hen welfare, but the growth of this system requires consumer demand, making it is important to understand consumers’ willingness to engage with cage-free eggs. Previous survey research indicates that the majority of Chinese consumers have a basic understanding of cage-free eggs and that some are willing to pay a price premium for these eggs. The aim of this research is to understand consumer behaviour, experience, and motivations when purchasing cage-free eggs in China. Purposive sampling will be used to select 20 participants from each of 2 groups: 1) consumers of cage-free eggs and 2) sales representatives who promote these eggs directly to consumers in supermarkets. This 4-month study will use methods of virtual ethnography to interact with participants repeatedly. Consumers will be asked to share their egg shopping, cooking, and eating experiences, and sales representatives will be asked to share their experiences promoting the eggs to consumers. Data collection will involve audio-recorded interviews, informal conversations (casual texts and calls), participant observation (video calling during shopping, cooking, and eating), and informant diaries (written reflections, photos, videos). All data (field notes, transcripts, diaries, photos, and videos) will be analyzed using Thematic Analysis. We expect that these will result in a nuanced understanding of consumer purchasing behaviour and motivation and will thus help identify strategies to promote higher animal welfare and cage-free egg products in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20welfare" title="animal welfare">animal welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cage-free%20eggs" title=" cage-free eggs"> cage-free eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behaviour" title=" consumer behaviour"> consumer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnography" title=" ethnography"> ethnography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148951/consumer-behaviour-and-experience-when-purchasing-cage-free-eggs-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1777</span> Digitalised Welfare: Systems for Both Seeing and Working with Mess</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelia%20Morris">Amelia Morris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lizzie%20Coles-Kemp"> Lizzie Coles-Kemp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Will%20Jones"> Will Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines how community welfare initiatives transform how individuals use and experience an ostensibly universal welfare system. This paper argues that the digitalisation of welfare overlooks the complex reality of being unemployed or in low-wage work, and erects digital barriers to accessing welfare. Utilising analysis of ethnographic research in food banks and community groups, the paper explores the ways that Universal Credit has not abolished face-to-face support, but relocated it to unofficial sites of welfare. The apparent efficiency and simplicity of the state’s digital welfare apparatus, therefore, is produced not by reducing the ‘messiness’ of welfare, but by rendering it invisible within the digital framework. Using the analysis of the study’s data, this paper recommends three principles of service design that would render the messiness visible to the state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare" title="welfare">welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitalisation" title=" digitalisation"> digitalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20bank" title=" food bank"> food bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Universal%20Credit" title=" Universal Credit"> Universal Credit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127231/digitalised-welfare-systems-for-both-seeing-and-working-with-mess" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1776</span> An Empirical Investigation of Relationships between Consumer Involvement and Advertisement Effectiveness </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasim%20Karami%20Mal%20Amiri">Nasim Karami Mal Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Razm%20Azma"> Farhad Razm Azma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parts of consumer involvement in regards to one product are related to advertisement strategies. Different consumer involvement has different answers to the effectiveness of advertisement. This study has divided the market considering the characteristics and relationship between consumer involvement and the effectiveness of advertisement. The results of this study show consumer involvement which does affect parts of marketing. A positive and direct relationship among consumer involvement and the eventual effectiveness of advertisement has been shown. A great amount of consumer involvement is directly related to advertisement effectiveness. Therefore, consumer involvement is a critical factor in advertisement strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20involvement" title="consumer involvement">consumer involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisement%20effectiveness" title=" advertisement effectiveness"> advertisement effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20marketing" title=" effective marketing "> effective marketing </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13105/an-empirical-investigation-of-relationships-between-consumer-involvement-and-advertisement-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1775</span> The Value of Job Security across Various Welfare Policies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eithan%20Hourie">Eithan Hourie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miki%20Malul"> Miki Malul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael%20Bar-El"> Raphael Bar-El</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To investigate the relationship between various welfare policies and the value of job security, we conducted a study with 201 people regarding their assessments of the value of job security with respect to three elements: income stability, assurance of continuity of employment, and security in the job. The experiment simulated different welfare policy scenarios, such as the amount and duration of unemployment benefits, workfare, and basic income. The participants evaluated the value of job security in various situations. We found that the value of job security is approximately 22% of the starting salary, which is distributed as follows: 13% reflects income security, 8.7% reflects job security, and about 0.3% is for being able to keep their current employment in the future. To the best of our knowledge, this article is one of the pioneers in trying to quantify the value of job security in different market scenarios and at varying levels of welfare policy. Our conclusions may help decision-makers when deciding on a welfare policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20security%20value" title="job security value">job security value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment%20protection%20legislation" title=" employment protection legislation"> employment protection legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=status%20quo%20bias" title=" status quo bias"> status quo bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expanding%20welfare%20policy" title=" expanding welfare policy"> expanding welfare policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161025/the-value-of-job-security-across-various-welfare-policies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1774</span> The Application of Animal Welfare for Slaughterhouses in Bali Island</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20B.%20Leksono">Budi B. Leksono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustopa"> Mustopa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to determine the application of animal welfare at slaughterhouses in Bali island. The method used is purposive sampling. This study conducted by two slaughterhouses are in Denpasar districts and Badung districts in the Bali island. The result shows the percentage the application of animal welfare when the animal unloading the truck to shelter animal in the Denpasar slaughterhouse is 73.19%, whereas in Badung slaughterhouses are 63.04%. Percentage of the application of animal welfare when shelter animal to slaughter in the Denpasar slaughterhouses is 52.93%, whereas in Badung slaughterhouses are 75.96%. Based on these results, we can conclude that the slaughterhouses in the Bali island has been applying the principles of animal welfare, but needs to increase some aspects of animal welfare. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20welfare" title="animal welfare">animal welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bandung%20slaughterhouses" title=" Bandung slaughterhouses"> Bandung slaughterhouses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bali%20Island" title=" Bali Island"> Bali Island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denpasar%20slaughterhouses" title=" Denpasar slaughterhouses"> Denpasar slaughterhouses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58662/the-application-of-animal-welfare-for-slaughterhouses-in-bali-island" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1773</span> A Study of Welfare State and Indian Democracy by Exploration of Social Welfare Programmes in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuldeep%20Singh">Kuldeep Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper is an attempt for tracing the changes in the welfare state in Indian democracy from the starting point till now and aims to critical analyse the social-welfare programmes in India with respect to welfare state. After getting independence from Britishers, India became a welfare state and is aiming towards the upliftment of its citizens. Indian democracy is considered to be the largest amongst democratic countries, instead of this after forty-five years of independence, Panchayati Raj Institution became one of the branches of democratic decentralization institutions in India by 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment in 1992. Unfortunately, desired purpose of introducing Panchayati Raj Institution is not achieved after all these delayed efforts. The basic problem regarding achievement of welfare state in India in true sense is unawareness and non-implementation of these social-welfare programmes. Presently, Indian government is only focusing on economic growth of the country but lacking from the social point. The doctrinal method of research is used in this research paper. In the concluding remarks, researcher is partly favoring the government in introducing welfare programmes as there are abundant of welfare schemes and programmes, but majority are facing implementation problem. In last, researcher has suggested regarding programmes and schemes that these should be qualitative in nature and power would be given to effective machinery for further check upon their proper implementation and aware the citizens regarding their rights so that welfare state would be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic%20decentralization" title="democratic decentralization">democratic decentralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20democracy" title=" Indian democracy"> Indian democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panchayati%20Raj%20institution" title=" Panchayati Raj institution"> Panchayati Raj institution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social-welfare%20programmes" title=" social-welfare programmes"> social-welfare programmes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare%20state" title=" welfare state"> welfare state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97782/a-study-of-welfare-state-and-indian-democracy-by-exploration-of-social-welfare-programmes-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1772</span> Animal Welfare Assessment Method through Stockmanship Competence: The Context of Backyard Goat Production in the Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Alcedo">M. J. Alcedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ito"> K. Ito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Maeda"> K. Maeda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring animal welfare is a newly emerging area of research and it needs multi-disciplinary way to do it. Due to the diversity of what constitutes the definition of animal welfare, different methods and models were developed and mostly conducted in semi and commercial farms in developed countries. Few studies have been conducted in developing countries and in backyard livestock operation. Recognizing that majority of livestock operations are categorized as backyard in developing countries, it is crucial to come up with parameters that can assess the welfare of the animal in the backyard level. This research had made use of stockmanship competence as the proxy indicator to assess animal welfare. Stockmanship competence in this study refers to the capacity of the animal owner to ensure the welfare of their animal by providing their needs for growth and reproduction. The Philippine recommend on goat production, tips on goat raising and goat scientific literatures were used as references to come up with indicators that are known to be important in meeting the needs of the animal and ensuring its welfare. Scores from -1 to +2 were assigned depending on how close it is of satisfying the animal’s need. It is hoped that this assessment method could contribute to the growing body of knowledge on animal welfare and can be utilized as logical and scientific framework in assessing welfare in backyard goat operation. It is suggested that further study needs to be conducted to refine and standardize indicators and identify other indicators for goat welfare assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backyard%20goat%20production" title="backyard goat production">backyard goat production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stockmanship%20competence" title=" stockmanship competence"> stockmanship competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20welfare" title=" animal welfare"> animal welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippines" title=" Philippines"> Philippines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11157/animal-welfare-assessment-method-through-stockmanship-competence-the-context-of-backyard-goat-production-in-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1771</span> Review of Models of Consumer Behaviour and Influence of Emotions in the Decision Making</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikel%20Alonso%20L%C3%B3pez">Mikel Alonso López</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to begin the process of studying the task of making consumer decisions, the main decision models must be analyzed. The objective of this task is to see if there is a presence of emotions in those models, and analyze how authors that have created them consider their impact in consumer choices. In this paper, the most important models of consumer behavior are analysed. This review is useful to consider an unproblematic background knowledge in the literature. The order that has been established for this study is chronological. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behaviour" title="consumer behaviour">consumer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotions" title=" emotions"> emotions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20psychology" title=" consumer psychology"> consumer psychology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50054/review-of-models-of-consumer-behaviour-and-influence-of-emotions-in-the-decision-making" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1770</span> Social Reforms and the Welfare State in America after the New Deal (1945-1969)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziza%20Tahar%20Djebbar">Aziza Tahar Djebbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout American history, many American presidents have tried to create new reforms to enhance the living conditions of the American citizens and promote their welfare. Among these reforms were those dealing with health care, education, as well as social security, which would facilitate accordingly the evolution of the American welfare state. After the New Deal, from 1945 to 1969, American presidents sought to carry out and enlarge the scope of the welfare state that emerged during the Roosevelt Administration by introducing new social reforms. Yet, there were some American presidents who succeeded, and there were some presidents who failed.The task of this research work is to depict the postwar period from 1945 to 1969. Some light will be shed on the main causes that led to the delay of many programs from 1945 to 1960. Further, the focus will be on the main factors that contributed to the reappearance of many social reforms and the dramatic expansion of the welfare state all along the 1960s. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20deal" title="new deal">new deal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=great%20society" title=" great society"> great society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicaid" title=" medicaid"> medicaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicare" title=" medicare"> medicare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=war%20on%20poverty" title=" war on poverty"> war on poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20reforms" title=" social reforms"> social reforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare%20reforms" title=" welfare reforms"> welfare reforms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13867/social-reforms-and-the-welfare-state-in-america-after-the-new-deal-1945-1969" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1769</span> The Application of Animal Welfare for Madura Cow Racing Competition in Madura Island</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustopa">Mustopa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Setyawan%20Wahyu%20Pradana"> Setyawan Wahyu Pradana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to determine the application of animal welfare in Madura cow racing competition at Sumenep district, Madura Island. This study conducted by survey and discussion methods with 3 Madura cow owners in the competition. The animal welfare is going to be proved by observing the condition of the cage, the cleanliness of it, feeding and water, the health of the cow, also owner treatments for their Madura cow that will be served as a racer. Observations made using stable conditions ACRES form with assessment scores ranged from 1 = very poor, 2 = poor, 3 = regular, 4 = good and 5 = very good, animal welfare conditions seen by conducting observations and interviews with Madura cow owners. The result shows that the Madura cow competition has fulfilled the criteria of animal welfare application. Application of animal welfare principle by the owner of Madura cow terms of ACRES (Animal Concerns Research and Education Society) below standard, the average score obtained was 2.06, which is mean in a poor ratings. Besides considering the animal welfare application, Madura cow owners also do special treatments for their Madura cow with purpose to produce racers that are healthy and fast. Therefore, if the cow wins in Madura cow racing competition, it will purchase a high-value price. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20welfare" title="animal welfare">animal welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition" title=" competition"> competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madura%20cow" title=" Madura cow"> Madura cow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racing" title=" racing"> racing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53022/the-application-of-animal-welfare-for-madura-cow-racing-competition-in-madura-island" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1768</span> Antecedents of Perceptions About Halal Foods Among Non-Muslims in United States of America</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saira%20Naeem">Saira Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Muhammad%20Ayyub"> Rana Muhammad Ayyub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study is to empirically study the antecedents of perceptions of non-Muslim consumers towards Halal foods. The questionnaire survey was conducted through surveymonkey.com from non-Muslims (n=222) of USA. The validated scales of knowledge about Halal foods, animal welfare concerns, acculturation and perception about Halal foods were adopted after necessary adaptation as measures. The structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was used to study the structural model. It was found that Knowledge about Halal foods and ongoing acculturation among non-Muslims has a positive effect on perception about Halal food whereas; animal welfare concerns have negative effect on it. Furthermore, the acculturation has moderating effects but it was found non-significant. It is recommended that Halal food marketers should increase their efforts to educate customers by updating their knowledge about it. Furthermore, it is recommended that the non-Muslim consumers must be apprised of the fact that their animal welfare concerns are adequately addressed while Halal food production and supply chain. Online data collection is the only limitation of this study. This study will guide the Halal marketers of western countries about how to market the Halal food products and services to serve the non-Muslim customers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Muslims" title="non-Muslims">non-Muslims</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20perceptions" title=" consumer perceptions"> consumer perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20welfare%20concerns" title=" animal welfare concerns"> animal welfare concerns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acculturation" title=" acculturation"> acculturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20about%20Halal" title=" knowledge about Halal"> knowledge about Halal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153038/antecedents-of-perceptions-about-halal-foods-among-non-muslims-in-united-states-of-america" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1767</span> Welfare beyond the State: a Conceptual Discursive of an ‘Ihsani’ Societal-Based Welfare</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maszlee%20Malik">Maszlee Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> If the contemporary notion of welfare arises from the horizontal material needs and to be structured by the vertical framework of the state, Islamic societal-based welfare is to be shaped by moral based and faith inspired ihsan (benevolence) culture in producing the ‘Ihsani’ version of the enhancement of the political participation, democratic culture, good governance and self-realisation, which eventually culminating towards the bigger picture of ‘development’. This paper will analytically investigate on how the over-arching principle of ‘ihsan’ could be an essential tool in harmonizing the social-based welfare instrument as another conceptual framework to formulate a conceptual approach towards development and poverty elevation beyond the state. Essentially, this research will employ the inductive method of exploration on Islamic epistemological sources and historical evidence, to formulate the discursive concept of non-state societal-based welfare based on the ‘ihsani’ framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benevolent%20society" title="benevolent society">benevolent society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisbah" title=" Hisbah"> Hisbah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HomoIslamicus" title=" HomoIslamicus"> HomoIslamicus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihsani" title=" Ihsani"> Ihsani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20epistemology" title=" islamic epistemology"> islamic epistemology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state" title=" state"> state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=societal-based%20welfare" title=" societal-based welfare"> societal-based welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zakat" title=" zakat"> zakat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15797/welfare-beyond-the-state-a-conceptual-discursive-of-an-ihsani-societal-based-welfare" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">700</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1766</span> Heart Rate Variability as a Measure of Dairy Calf Welfare</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Clapp">J. B. Clapp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Croarkin"> S. Croarkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Dolphin"> C. Dolphin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Lyons"> S. K. Lyons </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chronic pain or stress in farm animals impacts both on their welfare and productivity. Measuring chronic pain or stress can be problematic using hormonal or behavioural changes because hormones are modulated by homeostatic mechanisms and observed behaviour can be highly subjective. We propose that heart rate variability (HRV) can quantify chronic pain or stress in farmed animal and represents a more robust and objective measure of their welfare. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20calf" title="dairy calf">dairy calf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare" title=" welfare"> welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20rate%20variability" title=" heart rate variability"> heart rate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-invasive" title=" non-invasive"> non-invasive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomonitor" title=" biomonitor"> biomonitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22743/heart-rate-variability-as-a-measure-of-dairy-calf-welfare" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1765</span> Race, Class, Gender, and the American Welfare State (1930s-1990s)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahar%20Djebbar%20Aziza">Tahar Djebbar Aziza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The American society, like all societies, is fractured by social divisions between different groups of people. It is divided by race, class, gender, and other social and cultural characteristics. Social divisions affect the way and the manner welfare is delivered for citizens within the American society. The welfare state exists to guarantee the promotion of well –being for all the different components within a society without taking into account their age, gender, their ethnicity/race, or their social belonging (class). Race, class, and even gender issues are the main factors that affected the formal structure, the nature, as well as the evolution of the American welfare state and led to its uniqueness. They have affected the structure and the evolution of the American welfare state since its creation in the 1930s, and led to its uniqueness in an international level. This study aims therefore at enhancing the readers’ awareness of social divisions: race, class, gender and their implications for the distribution of welfare resources and life chances in the USA from the early 1930s to the late 1990s. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=class" title=" class"> class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minority%20groups" title=" minority groups"> minority groups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=race" title=" race"> race</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20divisions" title=" social divisions"> social divisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20policy" title=" social policy"> social policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.S.%20welfare%20state" title=" U.S. welfare state"> U.S. welfare state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15425/race-class-gender-and-the-american-welfare-state-1930s-1990s" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1764</span> Food Consumer Protection in Moroccan Legal System: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchaib%20Gazzaz">Bouchaib Gazzaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Mehdi"> Mounir Mehdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to ensure consumer food protection, the food industry has a legal obligation to provide food products that comply with the requirements of the legislation in force. National regulations in this area occupy an important place in the food control system in terms of consumer protection. This article discusses the legal and regulatory framework of food safety and consumer protection in Moroccan law. We used the doctrinal research approach by analyzing the judicial normative and bibliographic legal research. As a result, we were able to present the basic principles of consumer food protection by showing to what extent the food safety law provides effective consumer protection in Morocco. We have concluded that there is an impact -in terms of consumer legal protection- of food law reform on the concept of food safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title="food safety">food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20protection" title=" consumer protection"> consumer protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20law" title=" food law"> food law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146727/food-consumer-protection-in-moroccan-legal-system-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1763</span> The Optimal Public Debt Ceiling in Taiwan: A Simulation Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20Yuan-Hong">Ho Yuan-Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Chiung-Ju"> Huang Chiung-Ju </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study conducts simulation analyses to find the optimal debt ceiling of Taiwan, while factoring in welfare maximization under a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. The simulation is based on Taiwan's 2001 to 2011 economic data and shows that welfare is maximized at a "debt"⁄"GDP" ratio of 0.2, increases in the "debt"⁄"GDP " ratio leads to increases in both tax and interest rates and decreases in the consumption ratio and working hours. The study results indicate that the optimal debt ceiling of Taiwan is 20% of GDP, where if the "debt"⁄"GDP" ratio is greater than 40%, the welfare will be negative and result in welfare loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debt%20sustainability" title="debt sustainability">debt sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20debt%20ceiling" title=" optimal debt ceiling"> optimal debt ceiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20stochastic%20general%20equilibrium" title=" dynamic stochastic general equilibrium"> dynamic stochastic general equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare%20maximization" title=" welfare maximization"> welfare maximization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29739/the-optimal-public-debt-ceiling-in-taiwan-a-simulation-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1762</span> The Implementation of Animal Welfare for Garut Sheep Fighting Contest in West Java</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustopa">Mustopa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadya%20R.%20Susilo"> Nadya R. Susilo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhizal%20D.%20Nuva"> Rhizal D. Nuva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to determine the application of animal welfare in Garut sheep fighting contest at West Java. This study conducted by survey and discussion methods with 5 Garut sheep owners in the contest. The animal welfare is going to be proved by observing the condition of the cage, the cleanliness of it, the health of the sheep, feeding and water, also owner treatments for their sheep that will be served as a fighter. Observations made using stable conditions ACRES form with assessment scores ranged from 1 = very poor, 2 = poor, 3 = regular, 4 = good and 5 = very good, animal welfare conditions seen by conducting observations and interviews with garut sheep owners. The result shows that the Garut sheep fighting contest has fulfilled the criteria of animal welfare application. Application of animal welfare principle by the owner of Garut sheep terms of ACRES (Animal Concerns Research and Education Society) below standard, the average score obtained was 1.76 which is mean in a very bad ratings. Besides considering the animal welfare application, sheep owners also do special treatments for their Garut sheep with the purpose to produce fighters that are healthy and strong. So, if the sheep wins in Garut sheep fight contest, it will purchase a high-value prices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20welfare" title="animal welfare">animal welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contest" title=" contest"> contest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garut%20sheep" title=" garut sheep"> garut sheep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheep%20fighting" title=" sheep fighting"> sheep fighting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51972/the-implementation-of-animal-welfare-for-garut-sheep-fighting-contest-in-west-java" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1761</span> Discussing Concept Gratitude of Muslim Consumers Based on Islamic Law: A Confirmation on the Theory of Consumer Satisfaction through Imam Al-Ghazali's Thought </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suprihatin%20Soewarto">Suprihatin Soewarto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The background of writing this paper is to assess the truth of rejection of some Muslim scholars who develop Islamic economics on the concept of consumer satisfaction and replace it with the concept of maslahah. In the perspective of Islamic law, this rejection attitude needs to be verified in order to know the accuracy of the replacement of this concept of satisfaction with maslahah as part of consumer behavior. This is done so that replacement of rejection of the term satisfaction with maslahah is objective. This objective replacement of the term will surely be more enlightening and more just than the subjective substitution. Therefore the writing of this paper aims to get an answer whether the concept of satisfaction needs to be replaced? is it possible for Islamic law to confirm the theory of consumer satisfaction? The method of writing this paper using the method of literature with a critical analysis approach. The results of this study is an explanation of the similarities and differences of consumer satisfaction theory and consumer theory maslahah according to Islamic law. disclosure of the concept of consumer gratitude according to Islamic law and its implementation in Muslim consumer demand theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%27s%20gratitude" title="consumer's gratitude">consumer's gratitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20law" title=" islamic law"> islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confirmation" title=" confirmation"> confirmation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction%20consumer%27s" title=" satisfaction consumer's"> satisfaction consumer's</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93822/discussing-concept-gratitude-of-muslim-consumers-based-on-islamic-law-a-confirmation-on-the-theory-of-consumer-satisfaction-through-imam-al-ghazalis-thought" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1760</span> Consumer Innovativeness and Shopping Styles: An Empirical Study in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hande%20Begum%20Bumin%20Doyduk">Hande Begum Bumin Doyduk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elif%20Okan%20Yolbulan"> Elif Okan Yolbulan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Innovation is very important for success and competitiveness of countries, as well as business sectors and individuals' firms. In order to have successful and sustainable innovations, the other side of the game, consumers, should be aware of the innovations and appreciate them. In this study, the consumer innovativeness is focused and the relationship between motivated consumer innovativeness and consumer shopping styles is analyzed. Motivated consumer innovativeness scale by (Vandecasteele & Geuens, 2010) and consumer shopping styles scale by (Sproles & Kendall, 1986) is used. Data is analyzed by SPSS 20 program through realibility, factor, and correlation analysis. According to the findings of the study, there are strong positive relationships between hedonic innovativeness and recreational shopping style; social innovativeness and brand consciousness; cognitive innovativeness and price consciousness and functional innovativeness and perfectionistic high-quality conscious shopping styles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20innovativeness" title="consumer innovativeness">consumer innovativeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20decision%20making" title=" consumer decision making"> consumer decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shopping%20styles" title=" shopping styles"> shopping styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovativeness" title=" innovativeness "> innovativeness </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80680/consumer-innovativeness-and-shopping-styles-an-empirical-study-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1759</span> Identity and Economics: The Economic Welfare and Behavior of Romani People in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinem%20Bagce">Sinem Bagce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ensar%20Yilmaz"> Ensar Yilmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a well-known fact, neoclassical economics excludes 'what is humanized' out of the literature for a long time. Rationality is defined in a very narrow context in the mainstream economics. Identity economics is one of the challenges raised against this tradition. The concept of 'identity' has been introduced to economics by Akerlof and Kranton (2000). The identity-based analysis mainly searches the links between economic welfare and decision of the actors in question related to ethnic, racial, gender and immigrant issues. This is more about discrimination and its repercussions on economic decisions of the relevant actors in a social sphere. In this article, we, in the context of identity economics, search the economic welfare and decisions of Romani people in Turkey. It is plainly observed that identity is clearly the major determinant for Romani people in economic and social life. They have their own distinctive rationality in making economic decisions. For a more scrutinized and academic analysis, we aim to trace their economic identity in their real social environment. This study is an extension of surveys conducted on Romani people in Turkey. Using data similar to SILC (Statistics for Income and Living Conditions) conducted on Romani people across the whole Turkey, we look for some questions about the income/welfare distribution among them, consumer preferences/habits, living conditions, occupations, education and as such. For this, by employing econometric and statistical analytical tools, we aim to obtain the answers for these questions. We think these analytic results will provide us to evaluate the links between their economic state and their identity more thoroughly. JEL Codes: D1, J 15, R23. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20economics" title="identity economics">identity economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romani%20people" title=" Romani people"> Romani people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20identity%20and%20preferences" title=" social identity and preferences"> social identity and preferences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82823/identity-and-economics-the-economic-welfare-and-behavior-of-romani-people-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1758</span> The Assesment of Animal Welfare at Slaughterhouses in Badung District, Bali Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulil%20Afidah">Ulil Afidah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustopa"> Mustopa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims to determine the assessment of animal welfare at slaughterhouses in Badung district, Bali province. The study was conducted for ten days with observed five cattle per day with a total 50 cattle. Observation begins when a cow came out of the pick up to be slaughtered, subsequently recorded in a questionnaire that has been provided.The result of the observation showed that the slaughterhouses in Bandung district have the implemented animal welfare which fulfills the requirement that is 63% before slaughtering process, and 76% at slaughtering process. Based on these results it can be concluded in slaughterhouses of Badung district already fulfill the requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20welfare" title="animal welfare">animal welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assesment" title=" assesment"> assesment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badung%20district" title=" Badung district"> Badung district</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slaughterhousess" title=" slaughterhousess"> slaughterhousess</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62019/the-assesment-of-animal-welfare-at-slaughterhouses-in-badung-district-bali-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1757</span> Understanding Consumer Behaviors by Using Neuromarketing Tools and Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabrej%20Khan">Tabrej Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neuromarketing can refer to the commercial application of neuroscience technologies and insights to drive business further. On the other side, consumer neuroscience can be seen as the academic use of neuroscience to better understand marketing effects on consumer behavior. Consumer Neuroscience and Neuromarketing is a multidisciplinary effort between economics, psychology, and neuroscience and information technology. Traditional methods are using survey, interviews, focus group people are overtly and consciously reporting on their experience and thoughts. The unconscious side of customer behavior is largely unmeasured in the traditional methods. Neuroscience has a potential to understand the unconscious part. Through this paper, we are going to present specific results of selected tools and methods that are used to understand consumer behaviors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromarketing" title="neuromarketing">neuromarketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroscience" title=" neuroscience"> neuroscience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behaviors" title=" consumer behaviors"> consumer behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tools" title=" tools"> tools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62543/understanding-consumer-behaviors-by-using-neuromarketing-tools-and-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1756</span> Calculate Consumer Surplus and Producer Surplus Using Integration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bojan%20Radisic">Bojan Radisic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarina%20Stavlic"> Katarina Stavlic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper describes two economics terms consumer surplus and producer surplus using the definite integrals (the Riemann integral). The consumer surplus is the difference between what consumers are willing to pay and actual price. The producer surplus is the difference between what producers selling at the current price, rather than at the price they would have been are willing to accept. Using the definite integrals describe terms and mathematical formulas of the consumer surplus and the producer surplus and will be applied to the numerical examples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20surplus" title="consumer surplus">consumer surplus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=producer%20surplus" title=" producer surplus"> producer surplus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=definite%20integral" title=" definite integral"> definite integral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29101/calculate-consumer-surplus-and-producer-surplus-using-integration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1755</span> Assessment and Analysis of Literary Criticism and Consumer Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mirzaei">Mohammad Mirzaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article proposes literary criticism as a source of insight into consumer behavior, provides an extensive overview of literary criticism, provides concrete illustrative analysis, and offers suggestions for further research. To do, a literary analysis of advertising copy identifies elements that provide additional information to consumer researchers and discusses the contribution of literary criticism to consumer research. Important post-war critical schools of thought are reviewed, and relevant theoretical concepts are summarized. Ivory Flakes' advertisements are analyzed using a variety of concepts drawn from literary schools, primarily sociocultural and reader responses. Suggestions for further research on content analysis, image analysis, and consumption history are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behaviour" title="consumer behaviour">consumer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20research" title=" consumer research"> consumer research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption%20history" title=" consumption history"> consumption history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criticism" title=" criticism"> criticism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163169/assessment-and-analysis-of-literary-criticism-and-consumer-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1754</span> Consumer Ethnocentrism: A Dynamic Literature Review from 1987-2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Phuong%20Chi%20Nguyen">Thi Phuong Chi Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although consumer ethnocentrism has been widely studied in academic research since 1987, somehow it is still considered as a new and unknown concept in marketing theory and practice. By analyzing the content, three mainstreams of consumer ethnocentrism were found including economic, management and marketing approaches. The present study indicated that the link between consumer ethnocentrism and consumer behaviours varies across countries. Consumers in developing countries might be both patriotic about their home countries and curious about foreign cultures at the same time. The most important finding is identifying three main periods in the chronological development of consumer ethnocentrism research. The first period, spanning from 1987 to 1995, was characterized by the introduction of the consumer ethnocentrism concepts and scales, the unidimensionality and the adaptation of the standard CETSCALE version. The second period 1996-2005 witnessed the replication of CETSCALE in various fields, as well as an increase in the volume of researches in developing and emerging countries; the exploration of determinants and the begin of multidimensionality. In the third period from 2006 to present, all variables related to CET were syntherized within the theory of planne behavior. Consumer ethnocentrism analyses were conducted even in less-developed countries and in groups of countries within longitudinal studies. The results from this study showed many inadequacies relating to consumer ethnocentrism in the context of globalisation for further researches to examine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CETSCALE" title="CETSCALE">CETSCALE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title=" consumer behavior"> consumer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20ethnocentrism" title=" consumer ethnocentrism"> consumer ethnocentrism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business" title=" business"> business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26918/consumer-ethnocentrism-a-dynamic-literature-review-from-1987-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20welfare&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20welfare&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20welfare&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20welfare&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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