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Successive MQXFS magnets were used as testbeds for potential changes (including pre-load fine tuning) to be implemented in the series, and to better understand the stress dependence of Nb$_\text{3}$Sn magnet performance. In this paper we report the findings of the short model MQXFS7, where we investigated the effect of higher azimuthal pre-load on the performance of this magnet assembled with coils wound from Nb$_\text{3}$Sn Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) conductors, which are the baseline for MQXF magnets, and Powder-In-Tube (PIT) conductors, which were initially considered as a potential candidate but subsequently set aside. Starting at the baseline level of 110 MPa azimuthal preload at 1.9 K (corresponding to a full preload at nominal current, which is 77% of the short sample limit at 1.9 K), we increased the pre-load in steps of 20 MPa up to 190 MPa. The magnet was able to operate above 90% of the short sample limit indicating a large range of possible preloads. Indications of performance degradation at 90-95% of the short sample limit were found in the PIT conductor at 170 and 190 MPa. The test included a significant set of observables, such as the ramp rate dependency on the quench current, and V-I measurements to see growing resistance in segments of the coil. Mangiarotti, F J; Izquierdo Bermudez, S; Devred, A; Diaz Vez, R; Ferradas Troitino, J; Ferradas Troitino, S; Feuvrier, J; Guinchard, M; Haziot, A; Milanese, A; Mugnier, S; Perez, J C; Quassolo, P; Russenschuck, S; Todesco, E; Willering, G" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Superconducting magnets, Magnetomechanical effects, Coils, Training, Stress, Saturation magnetization, Voltage, Conductors, Superconductivity, Protection, High stress, low beta quadrupole, Nb $_\text{3}$ Sn, quench, superconducting magnets" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script>  <meta content="IEEE : Performance of a HL-LHC Nb$_3$Sn Quadrupole Magnet in the 100–200 MPa Range of Azimuthal Stress" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Mangiarotti, F J" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Diaz Vez, R" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Ferradas Troitino, J" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Ferradas Troitino, S" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Quassolo, P" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Devred, A" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Perez, J C" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Guinchard, M" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Milanese, A" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Mugnier, S" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Izquierdo Bermudez, S" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Feuvrier, J" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Willering, G" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Haziot, A" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Todesco, E" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Russenschuck, S" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="10.1109/TASC.2024.3507751" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="IEEE Trans. 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Successive MQXFS magnets were used as testbeds for potential changes (including pre-load fine tuning) to be implemented in the series, and to better understand the stress dependence of Nb$_\text{3}$Sn magnet performance. In this paper we report the findings of the short model MQXFS7, where we investigated the effect of higher azimuthal pre-load on the performance of this magnet assembled with coils wound from Nb$_\text{3}$Sn Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) conductors, which are the baseline for MQXF magnets, and Powder-In-Tube (PIT) conductors, which were initially considered as a potential candidate but subsequently set aside. Starting at the baseline level of 110 MPa azimuthal preload at 1.9 K (corresponding to a full preload at nominal current, which is 77% of the short sample limit at 1.9 K), we increased the pre-load in steps of 20 MPa up to 190 MPa. The magnet was able to operate above 90% of the short sample limit indicating a large range of possible preloads. Indications of performance degradation at 90-95% of the short sample limit were found in the PIT conductor at 170 and 190 MPa. 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var affiliation = $(this).data('affiliation') + '</br>'; var contribution = $(this).data('contribution') + '</br>'; $.magnificPopup.open({ items: { src: '<div id="ovelary-mathjax" class="overlay-white oc-content overlay-white-500">' + author + affiliation + contribution + '</div>', type: 'inline' }, callbacks: { open: function() { var div = document.getElementById("overlay-mathjax") MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub, div]); }, } }) }) }); </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>Performance of a HL-LHC Nb$_3$Sn Quadrupole Magnet in the 100–200 MPa Range of Azimuthal Stress</b></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> Author(s) </span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"> <script type="text/javascript"> function toggle_authors_visibility(){ var more = document.getElementById('more'); var link = document.getElementById('link'); var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); if (more.style.display=='none'){ more.style.display = ''; extension.style.display = 'none'; link.innerHTML = "Hide" } else { more.style.display = 'none'; extension.style.display = ''; link.innerHTML = "Show all 16 authors" } link.style.color = "rgb(204,0,0);" } function set_up(){ var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); extension.innerHTML = ""; toggle_authors_visibility(); } </script> <a name="show_hide" /><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mangiarotti%2C%20F%20J&ln=en">Mangiarotti, F J</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Izquierdo%20Bermudez%2C%20S&ln=en">Izquierdo Bermudez, S</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Devred%2C%20A&ln=en">Devred, A</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Diaz%20Vez%2C%20R&ln=en">Diaz Vez, R</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Ferradas%C2%A0Troitino%2C%20J&ln=en">Ferradas Troitino, J</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Ferradas%20Troitino%2C%20S&ln=en">Ferradas Troitino, S</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Feuvrier%2C%20J&ln=en">Feuvrier, J</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Guinchard%2C%20M&ln=en">Guinchard, M</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Haziot%2C%20A&ln=en">Haziot, A</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Milanese%2C%20A&ln=en">Milanese, A</a> (CERN)<span id="more" style=""> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mugnier%2C%20S&ln=en">Mugnier, S</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Perez%2C%20J%20C&ln=en">Perez, J C</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Quassolo%2C%20P&ln=en">Quassolo, P</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Russenschuck%2C%20S&ln=en">Russenschuck, S</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Todesco%2C%20E&ln=en">Todesco, E</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Willering%2C%20G&ln=en">Willering, G</a> (CERN)</span> <span id="extension"></span> <small><i><a id="link" href="#" onclick="toggle_authors_visibility()" style="color:rgb(204,0,0);"></a></i></small><script type="text/javascript">set_up()</script></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2025</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">7</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3507751"><i>IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.</i> 35 (2025) 4000307</a> </a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> DOI </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3507751" title="DOI" target="_blank">10.1109/TASC.2024.3507751</a> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Accelerators and Storage Rings</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Accelerator/Facility, Experiment </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?p=CERN%20LHC&f=693__a">CERN LHC</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Project </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href='https://cds.cern.ch/search?p=693__p:"CERN HL-LHC"'>CERN HL-LHC</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">With the assembly and test results of four Nb$_\text{3}$Sn short-model quadrupoles (MQXFS) for the High Luminosity Upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), an optimum pre-load level was established for the construction of the full-length, series magnets. Successive MQXFS magnets were used as testbeds for potential changes (including pre-load fine tuning) to be implemented in the series, and to better understand the stress dependence of Nb$_\text{3}$Sn magnet performance. In this paper we report the findings of the short model MQXFS7, where we investigated the effect of higher azimuthal pre-load on the performance of this magnet assembled with coils wound from Nb$_\text{3}$Sn Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) conductors, which are the baseline for MQXF magnets, and Powder-In-Tube (PIT) conductors, which were initially considered as a potential candidate but subsequently set aside. Starting at the baseline level of 110 MPa azimuthal preload at 1.9 K (corresponding to a full preload at nominal current, which is 77% of the short sample limit at 1.9 K), we increased the pre-load in steps of 20 MPa up to 190 MPa. The magnet was able to operate above 90% of the short sample limit indicating a large range of possible preloads. Indications of performance degradation at 90-95% of the short sample limit were found in the PIT conductor at 170 and 190 MPa. The test included a significant set of observables, such as the ramp rate dependency on the quench current, and V-I measurements to see growing resistance in segments of the coil.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">publication: © 2024-2025 The Authors (License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY-4.0</a>)</td></tr> </table> <br/>Corresponding record in: <a href="http://inspirehep.net/record/2861192">Inspire</a> <small> </small> <br/> <br/><br/><div align="right"><div style="padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:30px;"><span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"> <a href="" class="moreinfo">Back to search</a> </span></div></div> <div class="bottom-left-folded"><div class="recordlastmodifiedbox" style="position:relative;margin-left:1px"> Record created 2025-02-04, last modified 2025-02-17</div></div> <div class="bottom-right-folded" style="text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px;"> <span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"><a href="/search?ln=en&p=recid%3A2923271&rm=wrd" class="moreinfo">Similar records</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br /> <div class="detailedrecordminipanel"> <div class="top-left"></div><div class="top-right"></div> <div class="inside"> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelfile" style="width:33%;float:left;text-align:center;margin-top:0"> <div><small class="detailedRecordActions">Fulltext:</small> <br /><a href="/record/2923271/files/document.pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-34x48.gif" alt="Download fulltext" /><br />PDF</a><br /></div> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelreview" style="width:30%;float:left;text-align:center"> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelactions" style="width:36%;float:right;text-align:right;"> <ul class="detailedrecordactions"> <li><a href="/yourbaskets/add?ln=en&recid=2923271">Add to personal basket</a></li> <li>Export as <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2923271/export/hx?ln=en">BibTeX</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2923271/export/hm?ln=en">MARC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2923271/export/xm?ln=en">MARCXML</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2923271/export/xd?ln=en">DC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2923271/export/xe?ln=en">EndNote</a>,  <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2923271/export/xn?ln=en">NLM</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2923271/export/xw?ln=en">RefWorks</a> </li> </ul> <div style='padding-left: 13px;'>  <div id="bookmark"></div> <div id="bookmark_sciencewise"></div> <style type="text/css"> #bookmark_sciencewise, #bookmark {float: left;} #bookmark_sciencewise li {padding: 2px; width: 25px;} #bookmark_sciencewise ul, #bookmark ul {list-style-image: none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.bookmark.min.js"></script> <style type="text/css">@import "/css/jquery.bookmark.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $.bookmark.addSite('sciencewise', 'ScienceWise.info', 'https://cds.cern.ch/img/sciencewise.png', 'en', 'bookmark', 'http://sciencewise.info/bookmarks/cds:2923271/add'); $('#bookmark_sciencewise').bookmark({sites: ['sciencewise']}); $('#bookmark').bookmark({ sites: ['facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'google_plusone'], icons: '/img/bookmarks.png', url: 'https://cds.cern.ch/record/2923271', addEmail: true, title: "Performance of a HL-LHC Nb$_3$Sn Quadrupole Magnet in the 100\u2013200 MPa Range of Azimuthal Stress", description: "With the assembly and test results of four Nb$_\\text{3}$Sn short-model quadrupoles (MQXFS) for the High Luminosity Upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), an optimum pre-load level was established for the construction of the full-length, series magnets. Successive MQXFS magnets were used as testbeds for potential changes (including pre-load fine tuning) to be implemented in the series, and to better understand the stress dependence of Nb$_\\text{3}$Sn magnet performance. In this paper we report the findings of the short model MQXFS7, where we investigated the effect of higher azimuthal pre-load on the performance of this magnet assembled with coils wound from Nb$_\\text{3}$Sn Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) conductors, which are the baseline for MQXF magnets, and Powder-In-Tube (PIT) conductors, which were initially considered as a potential candidate but subsequently set aside. Starting at the baseline level of 110 MPa azimuthal preload at 1.9 K (corresponding to a full preload at nominal current, which is 77% of the short sample limit at 1.9 K), we increased the pre-load in steps of 20 MPa up to 190 MPa. The magnet was able to operate above 90% of the short sample limit indicating a large range of possible preloads. Indications of performance degradation at 90-95% of the short sample limit were found in the PIT conductor at 170 and 190 MPa. The test included a significant set of observables, such as the ramp rate dependency on the quench current, and V-I measurements to see growing resistance in segments of the coil." }); // ]]> </script>  </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom: 0;"></div> </div> <div class="bottom-left"></div><div class="bottom-right"></div> </div> </div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix">  <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/content-policy" target="_blank">Content Policy</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/terms" target="_blank">Terms and Conditions</a> <br /> Powered by <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Maintained by <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? 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