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material-icons" data-icon="forward"> </span> </a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/cookies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Cookies" track-name="cookies" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cookies </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward"> </span> </a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Private advertising" track-name="private advertising" track-type="globalNav" 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data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Learn" track-name="learn" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Learn </span> </a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/blog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Blog" track-name="blog" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Blog </span> </a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://privacysandbox.com/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Home" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Home </span> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-bottom"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="_book"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About private advertising</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Start your integration</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/web" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/web"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/web/chrome-facilitated-testing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" 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class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up your development environment</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-api-access?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-api-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-api-access"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure AdServices</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/download?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/download" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/download"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a device or emulator image</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-device-access?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-device-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/setup-device-access"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure devices to use Privacy Sandbox on Android</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/troubleshooting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/troubleshooting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/setup/android/troubleshooting"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot your setup</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enrollment</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enroll your platform with Privacy Sandbox</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment/faqs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment/faqs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/enrollment/faqs"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Frequently asked questions</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Ads lifecycle</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-audience?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-audience" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-audience"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Audiences</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-auctions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-auctions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/manage-ad-auctions"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Auctions</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/measure-ad-performance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/measure-ad-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/measure-ad-performance"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Topics</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/why-topics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/why-topics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/why-topics"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Why do we need Topics</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Topics API for Web</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/setup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/setup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/setup"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Setup</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/implement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/implement" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/implement"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Implement Topics</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/test-and-go-live?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/test-and-go-live" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/test-and-go-live"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test & go live</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/tooling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/tooling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/tooling"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Tooling</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/controls?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/controls" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/controls"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customization & opt-out</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/support?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/support" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/web/support"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Support</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-experimental"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Topics API for Android</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="experimental" data-title="Experimental!" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/implement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/implement" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/implement"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Implement Topics</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/controls?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/controls" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics/android/controls"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customization & opt-out</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protected Audience</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/feature-status?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/feature-status" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/feature-status"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Status of pending API capabilities</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guide</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/protected-audience-experiment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/protected-audience-experiment" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/protected-audience-experiment"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Experiment</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/ad-auction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/ad-auction" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/ad-auction"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Seller guide - Run ad auctions</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reporting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reporting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reporting"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Auction reporting</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/guide/reporting-id?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/guide/reporting-id" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/guide/reporting-id"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reporting IDs</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/latency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/latency" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/latency"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Improve auction latency</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reports?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reports" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/reports"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Report on auction results</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sequential-auction-setup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sequential-auction-setup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sequential-auction-setup"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sequential auction setup with header bidding and multi-seller Protected Audience auction</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/troubleshoot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/troubleshoot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/troubleshoot"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/opt-out?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/opt-out" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/opt-out"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Opt out</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/k-anonymity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/k-anonymity" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/k-anonymity"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>K-anonymity</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/publisher-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/publisher-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/publisher-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Publisher guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/define-audience-data?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/define-audience-data" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/define-audience-data"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Define audience data</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/update-audience-data?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/update-audience-data" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/update-audience-data"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update audience data and refresh ads</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/delegate-audience-management?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/delegate-audience-management" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/delegate-audience-management"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delegate audience management to a third-party</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/configure-auction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/configure-auction" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/configure-auction"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up an ad auction on the publisher's page</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/single-seller-auction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/single-seller-auction" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/single-seller-auction"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a browser based auction with a single seller</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/multi-seller-auction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/multi-seller-auction" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/multi-seller-auction"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run a browser based auction with multiple sellers</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/sequential-auction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/sequential-auction" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/sequential-auction"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sequential auction setup with contextual ad auction</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/render-ad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/render-ad" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/render-ad"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Render an ad</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/bid-in-auction-ad-slot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/bid-in-auction-ad-slot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/bid-in-auction-ad-slot"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Bid in an auction to buy an ad slot</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1b6YlL5CFVfCo6hHMqfOYp2WJNdsBTSvM4eayrmbm7e4/view" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1b6YlL5CFVfCo6hHMqfOYp2WJNdsBTSvM4eayrmbm7e4/view" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1b6YlL5CFVfCo6hHMqfOYp2WJNdsBTSvM4eayrmbm7e4/view"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API walkthrough</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="external" data-title="External" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics-in-audiences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics-in-audiences" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/topics-in-audiences"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Topics to target an audience</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use cases</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/use-case/deals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/use-case/deals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience-api/use-case/deals"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deals</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/pace-ad-delivery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/pace-ad-delivery" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/auction/pace-ad-delivery"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Pace ad delivery by frequency</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/mediation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/mediation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/mediation"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Mediation</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/frequency-capping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/frequency-capping" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/frequency-capping"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Frequency capping</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/appinstall-filtering?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/appinstall-filtering" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/appinstall-filtering"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App install ads filtering</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guide</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protected Audience developer guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/define-audience-data?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/define-audience-data" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/define-audience-data"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Define audience data</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/update-audience-data?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/update-audience-data" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/update-audience-data"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update audience data and refresh ads</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/profiling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/profiling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/profiling"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Profile a Protected Audience auction</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/debug-reporting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/debug-reporting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/debug-reporting"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debug reporting</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/inspect_audiences_cli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/inspect_audiences_cli" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/inspect_audiences_cli"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Inspect custom audiences on the command line</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/testing-setup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/testing-setup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/developer-guide/testing-setup"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Testing setup</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/integration-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/integration-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/integration-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Integration guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API reference</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protected App Signals</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview for Android</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals-developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals-developer-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/protected-app-signals-developer-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Bidding and Auction Services</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/bidding-and-auction-services/web/architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/bidding-and-auction-services/web/architecture" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/bidding-and-auction-services/web/architecture"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Architecture</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/bidding-and-auction-services/web/buyer-integration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/bidding-and-auction-services/web/buyer-integration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/bidding-and-auction-services/web/buyer-integration"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Integrate with B&A as a buyer</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/bidding-and-auction-services/web/seller-integration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/bidding-and-auction-services/web/seller-integration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/bidding-and-auction-services/web/seller-integration"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Integrate with B&A as a seller</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/codelab/ba-services-local-testing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/codelab/ba-services-local-testing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/codelab/ba-services-local-testing"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test B&A for Web end-to-end locally</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/bidding-and-auction-services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/bidding-and-auction-services" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/bidding-and-auction-services"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/bidding-and-auction-integration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/bidding-and-auction-integration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/protected-audience/android/bidding-and-auction-integration"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Integration and optimization</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Fenced frames</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/fenced-frame?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/fenced-frame" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/fenced-frame"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview for Web</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Attribution Reporting</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-updates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-updates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-updates"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API updates</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/chrome-shipping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/chrome-shipping" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/chrome-shipping"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Why Chrome shipped the Attribution Reporting API</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/system-overview?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/system-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/system-overview"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>System overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Generate summary reports</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/report-schedules?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/report-schedules" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/report-schedules"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Report schedules</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/constraints?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/constraints" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/constraints"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Constraints</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guide</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/dev-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/dev-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/dev-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/getting-started?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/getting-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/getting-started"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-source?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-source" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-source"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Register an attribution source</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-trigger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-trigger" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/register-attribution-trigger"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Register triggers</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/enable-conversion-measurement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/enable-conversion-measurement" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/enable-conversion-measurement"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable conversion measurement</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/change-attribution-logic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/change-attribution-logic" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/change-attribution-logic"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Change attribution logic</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/define-filters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/define-filters" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/define-filters"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Define filters</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/prevent-duplication?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/prevent-duplication" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/prevent-duplication"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prevent duplication</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/custom-report-windows?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/custom-report-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/custom-report-windows"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Custom report windows</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction to debug reports</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-2" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-2"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up debug reports</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-3" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-debugging/part-3"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debugging cookbook</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports-intro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports-intro" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/summary-reports-intro"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction to summary reports</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/contribution-budget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/contribution-budget" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/contribution-budget"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Contribution budget</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/aggregation-keys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/aggregation-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/aggregation-keys"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Aggregation keys</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/understanding-noise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/understanding-noise" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/understanding-noise"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand noise</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/working-with-noise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/working-with-noise" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/working-with-noise"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with noise</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/design-decisions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/design-decisions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/design-decisions"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Noiselab</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-implementation-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-implementation-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-implementation-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measurement implementation guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-testing-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-testing-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/measurement-testing-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measurement testing guide</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-data-clearing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-data-clearing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/attribution-reporting-data-clearing"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data clearing</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross app and web measurement</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/attribution-app-to-web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/attribution-app-to-web" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/attribution-app-to-web"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross app and web measurement</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/simulation-library?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/simulation-library" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/simulation-library"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measurement Simulation Library</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guide</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/developer-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/developer-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/developer-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/cross-web-app"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross app and web measurement</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/xna-examples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/xna-examples" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/xna-examples"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross-network attribution examples</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/integration-guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/integration-guide" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/attribution-reporting/android/integration-guide"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Integration guide</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox/reference/packages"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API reference</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Private Aggregation</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/overview?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/overview"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>API introduction</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/fundamentals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/fundamentals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/fundamentals"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Fundamentals</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/private-aggregation-experiment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/private-aggregation-experiment" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/private-aggregation-experiment"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Experiment</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use cases</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/unique-reach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/unique-reach" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/unique-reach"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure unique reach</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/k-freq-reach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/k-freq-reach" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/k-freq-reach"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure K+ frequency reach</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/user-demographics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/user-demographics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/user-demographics"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure user demographic</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/multi-touch-attribution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/multi-touch-attribution" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/private-aggregation/multi-touch-attribution"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Multi-touch attribution</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Aggregation Service</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/get-started?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/get-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/get-started"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/coordinators-ags-purpose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/coordinators-ags-purpose" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/coordinators-ags-purpose"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data sharing with coordinators</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a 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class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/batch-strategies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/batch-strategies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/batch-strategies"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Batch strategies</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"> <div class="devsite-expandable-nav"><a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Developer guides</span> </div> <ul class="devsite-nav-section"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/developer-guides/filtering-ids?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/developer-guides/filtering-ids" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/developer-guides/filtering-ids"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Filtering IDs</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/load-testing-framework?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: 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href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/tos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/tos" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/aggregation-service/tos"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Terms of service</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Select URL</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/select-url?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, 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href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/select-url/creative-selection-by-frequency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/select-url/creative-selection-by-frequency" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/select-url/creative-selection-by-frequency"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Select ad creative by frequency</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/select-url/ab-testing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/select-url/ab-testing" track-type="bookNav" 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tooltip>Overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sdk-runtime/architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sdk-runtime/architecture" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sdk-runtime/architecture"><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Architecture</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sdk-runtime/ui-presentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /privacy-sandbox/private-advertising/sdk-runtime/ui-presentation" track-type="bookNav" 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tabindex="-1">FAQ: Impact of user-initiated data clearing on attribution reports</h1><devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"> <devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes> </div><devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded> </devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-dropdown class="nocontent"></devsite-recommendations-dropdown> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <p>How does user-initiated data clearing impact attribution reports? How does that compare with cookie-based measurement?</p> <aside class="note"> <b>Note:</b> If you're not familiar with the API, head over to <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/relevance/attribution-reporting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto">Introduction to Attribution Reporting (Conversion Measurement)</a> before reading this post. </aside> <p>The <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/relevance/attribution-reporting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto">Attribution Reporting API</a> makes it possible to measure when an ad click leads to a conversion on an advertiser site, such as a sale or a sign-up. The API offers a privacy-preserving approach to measuring ad conversions. It doesn't rely on third-party cookies or mechanisms that can be used to identify individual users across sites. Instead, it works as follows: attribution reports that link an ad click with a conversion are generated and stored on the user's device; later, the browser sends these reports to a predefined endpoint.</p> <p>Sites have experimented with the Attribution Reporting API in Chrome, via an origin trial, which has now concluded.</p> <p>One of the insights provided by these early experiments is the impact of <strong>user-initiated data clearing, such as browser history clearing,</strong> on the data advertisers and ad tech companies get from the API. <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://groups.google.com/u/1/a/chromium.org/g/attribution-reporting-api-dev/c/5Ppe0cL-l1Y">Aggregate Chrome statistics</a> were recently published. This post addresses answering common questions on the impact of user-initiated data clearing on attribution reports.</p> <aside class="note"> <b>Note:</b> Numbers and statements in this blog post are correct at the time of its publication. They're subject to change as the API evolves. </aside> <h2 id="how_does_user-initiated_data_clearing_impact_attribution_reports" data-text="How does user-initiated data clearing impact attribution reports?" tabindex="-1">How does user-initiated data clearing impact attribution reports?</h2> <p>And how does that compare with cookie-based measurement?</p> <h3 id="about_the_numbers" data-text="About the numbers" tabindex="-1">About the numbers</h3> <aside class="caution"> <b>Caution:</b> The numbers presented below help understand some observed discrepancies between cookie-based measurement and Attribution Reporting based measurement. However, they likely won't be consistently observable for all organizations that use the API. These numbers are aggregated and measured for the set of sites that were running an origin trial (which is now closed). They differ across sites and are likely to change as more organizations have used the API in an origin trial since these metrics were collected and use different parameters. </aside> <p><strong>Multiple factors influence these numbers:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Whether users clear history on sites they navigate to by clicking on an ad;</li> <li>Whether users convert on categories of sites where they tend to clear history—possibly shortly after converting. Ads on this type of content might experience higher rates of clearing and hence higher discrepancies with cookie-based measurement;</li> <li>Similarly, whether users clear history on sites they click ads to;</li> <li>Whether the attribution is configured to expire a long or short time after click (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">attributionexpiry</code>);</li> <li>Whether a long time actually elapses between click and conversion.</li> </ul> <p>Chrome teams will continue to monitor and publish statistics on the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://groups.google.com/u/0/a/chromium.org/g/attribution-reporting-api-dev">mailing list for developers</a>.</p> <h3 id="data_clearing_occurring_after_a_click_and_before_a_conversion" data-text="Data clearing occurring after a click and before a conversion" tabindex="-1">Data clearing occurring after a click and before a conversion</h3> <p><strong>With cookies</strong>, some percentage of conversions aren't reported due to post-click pre-conversion data clearing. Because cookies have been cleared, there's no cookie to attach to a request at conversion time, thus that conversion can't be measured. The exact percentage of conversions that aren't reported due to user-initiated data clearing isn't known. It varies across ad tech companies (or advertisers).</p> <figure><img src="/static/privacy-sandbox/assets/images/dataclear1.png" alt="User-initiated data clearing before a conversion impacts cookie-based measurement." width="800" height="180"> <figcaption> User-initiated data clearing before a conversion impacts cookie-based measurement. </figcaption> </figure> <aside class="note"> <b>Note:</b> Note that different data clearing methods have different impacts on measurement data deletion. For example, clearing data from the last hour doesn't clear a cookie that was set much earlier. </aside> <p><strong>With the Attribution Reporting API</strong>, some percentage of conversions aren't reported due to post-click pre-conversion data clearing. Observations of early experiments (origin trial) using the Attribution Reporting API have shown that <strong><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://groups.google.com/u/1/a/chromium.org/g/attribution-reporting-api-dev/c/5Ppe0cL-l1Y">about 16%</a></strong> of sources (click events) are deleted before conversion. A percentage of these sources lead to conversions, and the reports for these conversions won't be sent if the sources have been deleted.</p> <h4 id="example" data-text="Example" tabindex="-1">Example</h4> <p>For a <strong>10%</strong> conversion rate, assuming a total of <strong>1000</strong> clicks and without taking other errors into consideration:</p> <ul> <li>If users were never clearing any data: an ad tech company would observe <strong>100</strong> conversions.</li> <li>Considering data clearing: <ul> <li>With cookies: data clearing occurring after a click and before a conversion causes some percentage of conversions to not be attributed to certain click events, since there is no cookie to map the click and the conversion. With our example, an ad tech company would observe <strong>less than 100</strong> conversions.</li> <li>With Attribution Reporting: data clearing occurring after a click and before a conversion caused <strong>1.6%</strong> of reports that signified a conversion to be cleared (16% of 10% = 1.6%) in the first origin trial. Without taking other errors into consideration, an ad tech company would receive <strong>84</strong> reports that signal a conversion, instead of <strong>100</strong>.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <h3 id="data_clearing_occurring_after_a_conversion" data-text="Data clearing occurring after a conversion" tabindex="-1">Data clearing occurring after a conversion</h3> <p><strong>With cookies</strong>, post-conversion data clearing has no effect, because conversions are reported immediately to the ad tech company.</p> <figure><img src="/static/privacy-sandbox/assets/images/user-initiated-data-clear-040db1d21c3e3.png" alt="User-initiated data clearing after a conversion doesn't impact cookie-based measurement." width="800" height="195"> <figcaption> User-initiated data clearing after a conversion doesn't impact cookie-based measurement. </figcaption> </figure> <p><strong>With the Attribution Reporting API</strong>, post-conversion data clearing causes reports to be cleared in order to honor user choice—such as a user clearing browser history, or deleting site data. Because the API doesn't send the reports immediately but with a delay in order to protect user privacy, this means that the browser storage is already empty when the scheduled time comes from the browser to send the report to the predefined endpoint—typically an ad tech company.</p> <figure><img src="/static/privacy-sandbox/assets/images/user-initiated-data-clear-d50275126ba4c.png" alt="User-initiated data clearing after a conversion impacts measurement based on the Attribution Reporting API." width="800" height="280"> <figcaption> User-initiated data clearing after a conversion impacts measurement based on the Attribution Reporting API. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Observations of early experiments (origin trial) using the Attribution Reporting API have shown that <strong>about <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://groups.google.com/u/1/a/chromium.org/g/attribution-reporting-api-dev/c/5Ppe0cL-l1Y">6.5%</a></strong> of reports have been deleted in this way.</p> <h2 id="what_exact_user_actions_can_impact_attribution_reports" data-text="What exact user actions can impact attribution reports?" tabindex="-1">What exact user actions can impact attribution reports?</h2> <aside class="note"> <b>Note:</b> Specific methods a user could use to delete pending conversions are likely to change, as additional controls for the Privacy Sandbox are developed. </aside> <p>As of Chrome 94—the stable Chrome version at the time of this writing—any of the following actions will clear stored click events and pending reports.</p> <ul> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">chrome://settings</code> > Privacy and Security > Clear browsing data</p> <ul> <li>Check the <strong>Browsing History checkbox</strong></li> <li>and/or Check the <strong>Clear Cookies and other site data checkbox</strong></li> <li>Click <strong>Clear data</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">chrome://settings</code> > Privacy and Security > Cookies and other site data</p> <ul> <li>Toggle <strong>Clear cookies and site data when you close all windows</strong></li> <li>Or add a behavior under <strong>Always clear cookies when windows are closed</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">chrome://history</code>:</p> <ul> <li>Delete any individual entry</li> </ul></li> <li><p>Site-scoped controls:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://blog.google/products/chrome/privacy-and-performance-working-together-chrome/%23:%257E:text%3Ddelete%2520the%2520site%2520from%2520your%2520browsing%2520history">site-scoped history controls</a></li> <li>Click the lock button in the URL bar, Navigate to <strong>Site Settings</strong>, Click <strong>Clear Data</strong>.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p><strong>This list isn't exhaustive</strong>. These are common user actions that impact attribution data. Other user actions, such as uninstalling Chrome or running a system cleaner, would also impact measurement—whether it's based on the Attribution Reporting API or on cookies.</p> <h2 id="does_user-initiated_data_clearing_account_for_any_observed_loss" data-text="Does user-initiated data clearing account for any observed loss?" tabindex="-1">Does user-initiated data clearing account for any observed loss?</h2> <p>Organizations that have experimented with the API via an origin trial may have observed a <strong>discrepancy between cookie-based measurement and Attribution Reporting based measurement</strong>: less conversions may have been reported for Attribution Reporting. User-initiated data clearing may account for observed loss, but the discrepancy must be monitored in the future in order to answer this question with certainty.</p> <p>Two elements are known to have played a role in the discrepancy between cookie-based measurement and Attribution Reporting based measurement in the past origin trial:</p> <ul> <li>User-initiated data clearing.</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id%3D1054127%23c7">Network errors</a>. These are considered bugs and should be fixed in Chrome 94.</li> </ul> <h2 id="how_do_we_balance_privacy_and_utility_in_the_attribution_reporting_api_with_respect_to_user-initiated_data_clearing" data-text="How do we balance privacy and utility in the Attribution Reporting API with respect to user-initiated data clearing?" tabindex="-1">How do we balance privacy and utility in the Attribution Reporting API with respect to user-initiated data clearing?</h2> <p>During the testing phase of the API, the intent is to experiment with some of the parameters of the API to observe the effect on reports sent balanced against identifiability of the user. One of these parameters may be the reporting delay.<br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/meetings/2021-09-20-minutes.md%23:%257E:text%3Dbrowser%2520clearing%2520attribution%2520data">Ecosystem discussions are ongoing in the regular WICG meetings</a> to explore these parameters.</p> <aside class="note"> <b>Note:</b> On a more general note: Attribution Reporting offers a <strong>privacy-preserving</strong> approach to measurement. In order to achieve this, it explicitly limits the amount of data exposed that might otherwise allow cross-site tracking. <strong>As such, in absolute terms, less data is made available in this API than in cookie-based solutions.</strong> </aside> <h2 id="will_aggregate_reports_be_impacted_in_the_same_way" data-text="Will aggregate reports be impacted in the same way?" tabindex="-1">Will aggregate reports be impacted in the same way?</h2> <aside class="note"> <b>Note:</b> Learn more about the difference between <strong>aggregate</strong> reports and <strong>event-level</strong> <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/relevance/attribution-reporting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto#use_cases_and_features">reports</a>. </aside> <p>We don't know for sure how of user-initiated data clearing will impact aggregate reports.</p> <p>The statistics shared in this post are for event-level reports. Even though the reporting delays may be shorter for aggregate reports—<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATE.md%23:%257E:text%3DReports%2520will%2520not%2520be%2520delayed%2520to%2520the%2520same%2520extent%2520as%2520they%2520are%2520for%2520event%2520level%2520reports.%2520It%2520may%2520be%2520possible%2520to%2520send%2520these%2520with%2520as%2520little%2520delay%2520as%2520%257E0-1%2520hour">a few hours</a>, whereas event-level reports may be sent days or weeks after click—the impact of user-initiated data clearing may not be lower. For example, for certain categories of sites, people tend to clear the browsing data shortly after converting. Such user-initiated actions would still result in reports being cleared, even though they were scheduled to be sent soon.</p> <h2 id="attribution_reporting_all_resources" data-text="Attribution Reporting: all resources" tabindex="-1">Attribution Reporting: all resources</h2> <p>See <a href="https://developers-google-com.translate.goog/privacy-sandbox/relevance/attribution-reporting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=auto">Attribution Reporting</a>.</p> <h2 id="get_updates" data-text="Get updates" tabindex="-1">Get updates</h2> <ul> <li>To be notified of status changes in the API, join the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://groups.google.com/u/1/a/chromium.org/g/attribution-reporting-api-dev">mailing list for developers</a>.</li> <li>To closely follow all ongoing discussions on the API, click the <strong>Watch</strong> button on <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=auto&u=https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api">GitHub</a>. 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