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role="article" class="node node--type-iniciativa node--promoted node--sticky node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodeiniciativafield-tipo"> <div class="field field--name-field-tipo field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Proyectos de investigaci贸n</div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodeiniciativafield-categorias"> <div class="field field--name-field-categorias field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Nacional</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodeiniciativatitle"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Datos enlazados en la BNE</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodeiniciativafield-imagen-destacada"> <div class="field field--name-field-imagen-destacada field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="media media--type-imagen media--view-mode-banner-obras-con-pie-de-foto"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Imagen</div> <div class="field__item"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_obras/public/repositorio-imagenes/pietro-jeng-n6B49lTx7NM-unsplash.jpg?itok=VxOTod3F" width="1366" height="420" alt="internet web linked data" loading="lazy" class="image-style-banner-obras" /> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodeiniciativabody"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>La colaboraci贸n entre BNE y Ontology Engineering Group (OEG) se inicia en 2010, materializ谩ndose como Convenio de Colaboraci贸n en Octubre de ese mismo a帽o. El primer conjunto de datos enlazados se obtuvo en abril de 2011, y un conjunto muy representativo en diciembre de 2011, en que se present贸 la primera versi贸n de datos.bne.es</p> <p>El proyecto fue acogido con inter茅s por la comunidad cient铆fica y profesional. Los resultados iniciales del proyecto fueron presentados como una de las iniciativas de referencia en la sesi贸n del Grupo de Inter茅s sobre Web sem谩ntica de IFLA en el 77潞 Congreso Mundial de Bibliotecas e Informaci贸n, organizado por IFLA en Puerto Rico, y rese帽ado y analizado en diversos foros de expertos.</p> <div class="ckeditor-collapsable" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: red;border-style: solid;"> <div class="title" style="border-bottom: 1px;border-color: red;border-bottom-style: solid;">datos.bne.es 2.0</div> <div class="contenido"> <p>La nueva versi贸n del portal de datos incorpora bastantes novedades y mejoras respecto a su predecesora:</p> <ul><li>Sobre la base de los mismos datos, actualizados a 2014, se ha construido una聽<b>interfaz visual</b>, con un buscador, que persigue explotar las relaciones de los datos y experimentar con nuevos modos de presentaci贸n de datos bibliogr谩ficos para el usuario final, incluyendo enriquecimiento con datos de fuentes externas. No obstante, se mantienen las caracter铆sticas anteriores de acceso mediante Sparql para desarrolladores y expertos, y las descargas totales de los datos.</li> <li>Se ha聽<b>ampliado el rango y el n煤mero de registros聽</b>bibliogr谩ficos y de autoridad, de modo que en esta versi贸n cubre la pr谩ctica totalidad de los materiales de la biblioteca, incluyendo libros antiguos y modernos, manuscritos, m煤sica escrita y grabada, videograbaciones, fotograf铆as, dibujos y mapas.</li> <li>Se han incluido los聽<b>enlaces a ejemplares digitalizados聽</b>en la Biblioteca Digital Hisp谩nica, de manera que se da a acceso desde el portal a los fondos digitales de la biblioteca.</li> <li>Para desarrolladores y expertos, los datos se encuentran聽<b>descritos mediante una ontolog铆a聽</b>propia de BNE, que reutiliza propiedades de diferentes vocabularios.聽</li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="ckeditor-collapsable" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: red;border-style: solid;"> <div class="title" style="border-bottom: 1px;border-color: red;border-bottom-style: solid;">Fuentes de datos</div> <div class="contenido"> <p>Los datos se han tomado de los cat谩logos bibliogr谩ficos y de autoridades de la Biblioteca Nacional de Espa帽a. Se han extra铆do m谩s de 4 millones de聽<b>registros de recursos bibliogr谩ficos</b>, pertenecientes a monograf铆as modernas, antiguas, recursos electr贸nicos, manuscritos, publicaciones peri贸dicas, mapas, grabados, fotograf铆as, m煤sica impresa, grabaciones sonoras y audiovisuales.</p> <p>Tambi茅n se han extra铆do m谩s de 4 millones de聽<b>registros de autoridad聽</b>de personas, entidades, congresos, obras, expresiones, materias, nombres geogr谩ficos y t茅rminos de g茅nero/forma que son utilizados en los registros bibliogr谩ficos. Ambos conjuntos de registros est谩n codificados originalmente de acuerdo al formato MARC21.</p> <p>Tambi茅n se han tomado聽<b>datos de las digitalizaciones聽</b>de obras existentes en la Biblioteca Digital Hisp谩nica.</p> <p>Los datos correspondientes a ciertos elementos (autores, materias, obras..)聽<b>se enriquecen con conexiones a sus equivalentes en otras fuentes de datos.</b>聽En el caso de autores, se proveen enlaces, si est谩n disponibles, con Library of Congress, Biblioteca Nacional de Alemania, Biblioteca Nacional de Francia, Sudoc, Biblioteca Nacional de Suecia, VIAF e ISNI. Los registros de materias, geogr谩ficos y g茅nero/forma tienen enlaces a Library of Congress.</p> </div> </div> <div class="ckeditor-collapsable" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: red;border-style: solid;"> <div class="title" style="border-bottom: 1px;border-color: red;border-bottom-style: solid;">Descarga de ficheros</div> <div class="contenido"> <h2>Acceso directo a los datadump de los ficheros en formato RDF</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://datos.bne.es/datadump/autoridades.nt.bz2" rel=" noopener" target="_blank" title="Registros de autoridad (362MB)">Registros de autoridad (362MB)</a></li> <li><a href="http://datos.bne.es/datadump/materias.nt.bz2" rel=" noopener" target="_blank" title="Encabezamientos de Materias en SKOS (36,3MB)">Encabezamientos de Materias en SKOS聽(36,3MB)</a></li> <li><a href="http://datos.bne.es/datadump/bibliograficos.nt.bz2" rel=" noopener" target="_blank" title="Registros bibliogr谩ficos (1.3GB)">Registros bibliogr谩ficos (1.3GB)</a></li> </ul><p>Fecha de extracci贸n: 21 de enero de 2021</p> </div> </div> <div class="ckeditor-collapsable" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: red;border-style: solid;"> <div class="title" style="border-bottom: 1px;border-color: red;border-bottom-style: solid;">Modelo de datos</div> <div class="contenido"> <p>Los datos contenidos en los registros bibliogr谩ficos y de autoridad han de ordenarse siguiendo un modelo, que especifique las unidades b谩sicas que los componen (entidades), las caracter铆sticas o atributos que tienen (propiedades), y las relaciones que se establecen entre ellos.</p> <p>Para poder representar los recursos en RDF, se han utilizado ontolog铆as o modelos consensuados por la comunidad de bibliotecas y propuestos por IFLA, la Federaci贸n Internacional de Asociaciones de Bibliotecarios y Bibliotecas. Los datos del cat谩logo de la Biblioteca Nacional de Espa帽a se han modelado de acuerdo a las entidades y relaciones descritas en el modelo FRBR, publicado por IFLA en 1999. Este modelo conforma un marco te贸rico de referencia en el que tienen cabida los datos que contienen los cat谩logos bibliogr谩ficos y su relaci贸n con las necesidades de los usuarios. En este modelo se enumeran las entidades que aparecen en el universo bibliogr谩fico, sus propiedades y las relaciones que se establecen entre ellos:</p> <article class="align-center media media--type-imagen media--view-mode-ancho-com"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/ancho_completo/public/repositorio-imagenes/FRBR%5B1%5D.gif?itok=SOYaUnOE" width="460" height="347" alt="Modelo de datos" loading="lazy" class="image-style-ancho-completo" /></div> </article><p>Figura 1. Esquema b谩sico de entidades y relaciones primarias de FRBR</p> <p>FRBR ha sido utilizado como modelo conceptual de referencia y como modelo de datos. Provee una descripci贸n completa y ordenada del mundo bibliogr谩fico, permitiendo agrupar objetos comunes, y expresar relaciones entre ellos, permitiendo su relaci贸n con otros modelos te贸ricos de otras disciplinas similares.</p> <article class="align-center media media--type-imagen media--view-mode-tercio-de-ancho"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/tercio_de_ancho/public/repositorio-imagenes/RDF_MARC%5B1%5D.gif?itok=Oooz-sCn" width="460" height="354" alt="RDF MARC" loading="lazy" class="image-style-tercio-de-ancho" /></div> </article><p>聽</p> <p>Figura 2. Esquema conceptual del uso de los modelos de IFLA聽</p> <p>Las entidades, relaciones y propiedades de estas ontolog铆as han sido publicados por IFLA en RDF en el OMR (Open Metadata Registry) est谩n en estado aprobado, y han sido reconocidos por W3C como est谩ndares v谩lidos de Web Sem谩ntica. Paralelamente, y en colaboraci贸n con IFLA, se tradujeron al espa帽ol las labels de dichas clases y propiedades. (<a href="http://metadataregistry.org/schemaprop/list/schema_id/5.html" target="_blank" title="Labels traducidas al espa帽ol">http://metadataregistry.org/schemaprop/list/schema_id/5.html</a>)</p> <p>Para las descripciones bibliogr谩ficas propiamente dichas, se ha seguido el modelo y atributos propios de ISBD (International Standard for Bibliographic Description), declarados en RDF en聽<a href="http://metadataregistry.org/schemaprop/list/schema_id/25.html" target="_blank" title="Atributos de ISBD">http://metadataregistry.org/schemaprop/list/schema_id/25.html</a>.</p> <p>No obstante, para un mayor control del vocabulario en la descripci贸n de los objetos, para esta nueva versi贸n de datos.bne.es se ha implementado una ontolog铆a propia BNE, conectada con todos estos vocabularios. Adem谩s de propiedades de FRBR e ISBD, se han utilizado como referencia otras de otros vocabularios, como RDA, Dublin Core, o Bibo, y, en alg煤n caso, se han descrito propiedades 煤nicas dentro de la ontolog铆a.</p> <p>Los registros MARC21 de autoridades y bibliogr谩ficos han sido mapeados con las propiedades de la ontolog铆a. Se realizaron diversos mapeos:</p> <ul><li>Un mapeo para, dado un campo y una combinaci贸n de subcampos, determinar de qu茅 entidad FRBR se trata (Persona, Entidad Corporativa, Obra, Expresi贸n). Este mapeo se ha realizado desde los registros de autoridad.</li> <li>Un mapeo para deducir relaciones entre entidades, mediante las variaciones en la combinaci贸n de campo/subcampos entre dos registros de autoridad, y entre un registro de autoridad y un bibliogr谩fico.</li> <li>Un mapeo, desde cada combinaci贸n campo/subcampo, tanto en registros bibliogr谩ficos como en autoridades, con las propiedades de la ontolog铆a</li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="ckeditor-collapsable" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: red;border-style: solid;"> <div class="title" style="border-bottom: 1px;border-color: red;border-bottom-style: solid;">Tecnolog铆as empleadas</div> <div class="contenido"> <p>En la transformaci贸n de los datos se ha utilizado la herramienta marimba.</p> <p><b>Marimba</b>, desarrollada por el Ontology Engineering Group, es una herramienta para bibliotecarios que聽<b>soporta todo el proceso de generaci贸n de RDF聽</b>a partir de registros MARC 21 y su posterior enlazado tanto a nivel interno (registros bibliogr谩ficos, de autoridad, encabezamientos de materia e informaci贸n de BDH) como a nivel externo con datasets como VIAF o DBpedia. Asimismo, marimba聽<b>enriquece los datos de origen con datos externos聽</b>a trav茅s de los enlaces generados durante el proceso de enlazado, por ejemplo en datos.bne.es extrae y a帽ade enlaces a fotograf铆as y biograf铆as de autor de DBpedia. La herramienta permite, de un modo sencillo y transparente, utilizar cualquier vocabulario (en este caso la ontolog铆a BNE) y simplifica el proceso de asignaci贸n de correspondencias entre los vocabularios elegidos y MARC 21. Como resultado de este proceso se han generado alrededor de treinta millones de tripletas en espa帽ol con datos de gran calidad y valor cultural, incrementando sustancialmente la presencia del idioma espa帽ol en la nube de datos.</p> <p>En cuanto al portal de datos, se han utilizado聽<b>tecnolog铆as abiertas y punteras</b>, basadas en est谩ndares Web que permiten a la soluci贸n dar unos tiempos de respuesta 贸ptimos y facilitan la usabilidad tanto para aplicaciones como para usuarios finales. Se ha configurado un motor de b煤squeda que permite explotar el modelo de datos (la ontolog铆a BNE) para: (1) asignar una relevancia a las distintas entidades en funci贸n de sus conexiones con otras entidades, y (2) presentar al usuario resultados relevantes y estructurados de manera que sea m谩s sencillo encontrar la informaci贸n.</p> <p>La datos se encuentran alojados en un servidor Virtuoso, al que se accede mediante un terminal de Sparql, con un interface Linked Data construido con la herramienta gratuita Pubby.</p> <p><strong>Cr茅ditos</strong></p> <ul><li> <p>Tanto el portal como la soluci贸n marimba que da soporte a todo el sistema han sido dise帽ados y desarrollados por el聽<a href="http://www.oeg-upm.net/" target="_blank" title="Ontology Engineering Group">Ontology Engineering Group</a>.</p> <p>El dise帽o gr谩fico, la usabilidad y experiencia de usuario han sido desarrollados por聽<a href="http://gladyoufound.me/" target="_blank" title="P谩gina web de Am茅lie Viallet">Am茅lie Viallet</a>.<br /> 聽</p> </li> </ul><table width="100%"><tbody><tr></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div class="ckeditor-collapsable" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: red;border-style: solid;"> <div class="title" style="border-bottom: 1px;border-color: red;border-bottom-style: solid;">Recursos relacionados</div> <div class="contenido"> <ul><li><a href="/node/21981/" title="Recursos relacionados con datos.bne">Ponencias, enlaces e iniciativas relacionadas con proyecto</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <p>聽</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockwidget-multimedia-enlaces-block-3" id="block-bne-theme-views-block-widget-multimedia-enlaces-block-3"> <div><div class="ps-contenido-relacionado grid-layout-view-3-col view view-widget-multimedia-enlaces view-id-widget_multimedia_enlaces view-display-id-block_3 js-view-dom-id-19226fa24b6865a18ea9d6c2227b54dc7dfbd0c65a07bd72c02a9bf570879f4b"> <div class="view-header"> <div 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