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debris</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: plastics debris"> <meta name="keywords" content="plastics debris"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="plastics debris"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 403</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: plastics debris</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">313</span> Improvement of Model for SIMMER Code for SFR Corium Relocation Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bachrata">A. Bachrata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Marie"> N. Marie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bertrand"> F. Bertrand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Droin"> J. B. Droin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The in-depth understanding of severe accident propagation in Generation IV of nuclear reactors is important so that appropriate risk management can be undertaken early in their design process. This paper is focused on model improvements in the SIMMER code in order to perform studies of severe accident mitigation of Sodium Fast Reactor. During the design process of the mitigation devices dedicated to extraction of molten fuel from the core region, the molten fuel propagation from the core up to the core catcher has to be studied. In this aim, analytical as well as the complex thermo-hydraulic simulations with SIMMER-III code are performed. The studies presented in this paper focus on physical phenomena and associated physical models that influence the corium relocation. Firstly, the molten pool heat exchange with surrounding structures is analysed since it influences directly the instant of rupture of the dedicated tubes favouring the corium relocation for mitigation purpose. After the corium penetration into mitigation tubes, the fuel-coolant interactions result in formation of debris bed. Analyses of debris bed fluidization as well as sinking into a fluid are presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corium" title="corium">corium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20tubes" title=" mitigation tubes"> mitigation tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIMMER-III" title=" SIMMER-III"> SIMMER-III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20fast%20reactor" title=" sodium fast reactor"> sodium fast reactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2505/improvement-of-model-for-simmer-code-for-sfr-corium-relocation-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">312</span> Detection of Paenibacillus larvae (American Foulbrood Disease) by the PCR and Culture in the Remains of the Hive Collected at the Bottom of the Colony</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Adjlane">N. Adjlane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Haddad"> N. Haddad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The American foulbrood is one of the most serious diseases that may affect brood of larvae and pupae stages. The causative organism is a gram positive bacterium Paaenibacillus larvae. American foulbrood infected apiaries suffer from severe economic losses, resulting from significant decreases in honeybee populations and honey production. The aim of this study was to detect Paenibacillus larvae in the remains collected at the bottom of the hive from the suspected hives by direct PCR and culture growth. A total of 56 suspected beehive wax debris samples collected in 40 different apiaries located in the central region of Algeria. MYPGP the culture medium is used during all the identifications of the bacterium. After positive results on samples, biochemical confirmation tests (test of catalase, presence hydrolysis of casein) and microscopic (gram stain) are used in order to verify the accuracy of the initial results. The QIAamp DNA Mini Kit is used to identify the DNA of Paaenibacillus larvae. Paaenibacillus larvae were identified in 14 samples out of 16 by the PCR. A suspected culture-negative sample was found positive through evaluation with PCR. This research is for the bacterium Paaenibacillus larvae in the debris of the colony is an effective method for diagnosis of the pathology of American foulbrood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paenibacillus%20larvae" title="Paenibacillus larvae">Paenibacillus larvae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeybee" title=" honeybee"> honeybee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiological%20method" title=" microbiological method"> microbiological method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12181/detection-of-paenibacillus-larvae-american-foulbrood-disease-by-the-pcr-and-culture-in-the-remains-of-the-hive-collected-at-the-bottom-of-the-colony" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">311</span> Viscoelastic Characterization of Gelatin/Cellulose Nanocrystals Aqueous Bionanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liliane%20Samara%20Ferreira%20Leite">Liliane Samara Ferreira Leite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francys%20Kley%20Vieira%20Moreira"> Francys Kley Vieira Moreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luiz%20Henrique%20Capparelli%20Mattoso"> Luiz Henrique Capparelli Mattoso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing environmental concern regarding the plastic pollution worldwide has stimulated the development of low-cost biodegradable materials. Proteins are renewable feedstocks that could be used to produce biodegradable plastics. Gelatin, for example, is a cheap film-forming protein extracted from animal skin and connective tissues of Brazilian Livestock residues; thus it has a good potential in low-cost biodegradable plastic production. However, gelatin plastics are limited in terms of mechanical and barrier properties. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are efficient nanofillers that have been used to extend physical properties of polymers. This work was aimed at evaluating the reinforcing efficiency of CNC on gelatin films. Specifically, we have employed the continuous casting as the processing method for obtaining the gelatin/CNC bionanocomposites. This required a first rheological study for assessing the effect of gelatin-CNC and CNC-CNC interactions on the colloidal state of the aqueous bionanocomposite formulations. CNC were isolated from eucalyptus pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis (65 wt%) at 55 °C for 30 min. Gelatin was solubilized in ultra-pure water at 85°C for 20 min and then mixed with glycerol at 20 wt.% and CNC at 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 2.5 wt%. Rotational measurements were performed to determine linear viscosity (η) of bionanocomposite solutions, which increased with increasing CNC content. At 2.5 wt% CNC, η increased by 118% regarding the neat gelatin solution, which was ascribed to percolation CNC network formation. Storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G″) further determined by oscillatory tests revealed that a gel-like behavior was dominant in the bionanocomposite solutions (G’ > G’’) over a broad range of temperature (20 – 85 °C), particularly at 2.5 wt% CNC. These results confirm effective interactions in the aqueous gelatin-CNC bionanocomposites that could substantially increase the physical properties of the gelatin plastics. Tensile tests are underway to confirm this hypothesis. The authors would like to thank the Fapesp (process n 2016/03080-3) for support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bionanocomposites" title="bionanocomposites">bionanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20nanocrystals" title=" cellulose nanocrystals"> cellulose nanocrystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin" title=" gelatin"> gelatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelastic%20characterization" title=" viscoelastic characterization"> viscoelastic characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85183/viscoelastic-characterization-of-gelatincellulose-nanocrystals-aqueous-bionanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">310</span> Investigation of Film and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reyhan%20%C3%96zdo%C4%9Fan">Reyhan Özdoğan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96zg%C3%BCr%20Ceylan"> Özgür Ceylan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Arif%20Kaya"> Mehmet Arif Kaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mithat%20%C3%87elebi"> Mithat Çelebi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food packaging is important for the food industry. Bioplastics have been used as food packaging materials. According to the European Bioplastics organization, bioplastics can be deﬁned as plastics based on renewable resources (bio-based) or as plastics which are biodegradable and/or compostable. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has an industrially importance of bioplastic polymers. PLA is a family of biodegradable thermoplastic polyester made from renewable resources. It is produced by conversion of corn, or other carbohydrate sources, into dextrose, followed by fermentation into lactic acid through direct polycondensation of lactic acid monomers or through ring-opening polymerization of lactide. The processing possibilities of this transparent material are very wide, ranging from injection molding and extrusion over cast ﬁlm extrusion to blow molding and thermoforming. In this study, PLA films were prepared by solution casting method. PLAs which are different molecular weights were plasticized with glycerol and the morphology of films was monitored by optical microscopy. Properties of mechanical and film of PLA were researched with the mechanical testing machine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable" title="biodegradable">biodegradable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioplastics" title=" bioplastics"> bioplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solution%20casting" title=" solution casting"> solution casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28lactic%20acid%29" title=" poly(lactic acid)"> poly(lactic acid)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33809/investigation-of-film-and-mechanical-properties-of-polylactic-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">309</span> Marine Litter Dispersion in the Southern Shores of the Caspian Sea (Case Study: Mazandaran Province)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Jamshidi">Siamak Jamshidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the major environmental problems in the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea is that the marine and coastal debris is being deposited and accumulated due to industrial, urban and tourism activities. Study, sampling and analysis on the type, size, amount and origin of human-made (anthropogenic) waste in the coastal areas of this sea can be very effective in implementing management, cultural and informative programs to reduce marine environmental pollutants. Investigation on marine litter distribution under impact of seawater dynamics was performed for the first time in this research. The rate of entry and distribution of marine and coastal pollutants and wastes, which are mainly of urban, tourist and hospital origin, has multiplied on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea in the last decade. According to the results, the two most important sources of hospital waste in the coastal areas are Tonekabon and Mahmoudabad. In this case, the effect of dynamic parameters of seawater such as flow (with speeds of up to about 1 m/s) and waves, as well as the flow of rivers leading to the shoreline are also influential factors in the distribution of marine litter in the region. Marine litters in the southern coastal region were transported from west to east by the shallow waters of the southern Caspian Sea. In other words, the marine debris density has been observed more in the eastern part. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southern%20shelf" title="southern shelf">southern shelf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20oceanography" title=" coastal oceanography"> coastal oceanography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seawater%20flow" title=" seawater flow"> seawater flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20structure" title=" vertical structure"> vertical structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20environment" title=" marine environment"> marine environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173438/marine-litter-dispersion-in-the-southern-shores-of-the-caspian-sea-case-study-mazandaran-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">308</span> Sustainable Business Model Archetypes – A Systematic Review and Application to the Plastic Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Schumann">Felix Schumann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giorgia%20Carratta"> Giorgia Carratta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Dauth"> Tobias Dauth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liv%20Jaeckel"> Liv Jaeckel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last few decades, the rapid growth of the use and disposal of plastic items has led to their overaccumulation in the environment. As a result, plastic pollution has become a subject of global concern. Today plastics are used as raw materials in almost every industry. While the recognition of the ecological, social, and economic impact of plastics in academic research is on the rise, the potential role of the ‘plastic industry’ in dealing with such issues is still largely underestimated. Therefore, the literature on sustainable plastic management is still nascent and fragmented. Working towards sustainability requires a fundamental shift in the way companies employ plastics in their day-to-day business. For that reason, the applicability of the business model concept has recently gained momentum in environmental research. Business model innovation is increasingly recognized as an important driver to re-conceptualize the purpose of the firm and to readily integrate sustainability in their business. It can serve as a starting point to investigate whether and how sustainability can be realized under industry- and firm-specific circumstances. Yet, there is no comprehensive view in the plastic industry on how firms start refining their business models to embed sustainability in their operations. Our study addresses this gap, looking primarily at the industrial sectors responsible for the production of the largest amount of plastic waste today: plastic packaging, consumer goods, construction, textile, and transport. Relying on the archetypes of sustainable business models and applying them to the aforementioned sectors, we try to identify companies’ current strategies to make their business models more sustainable. Based on the thematic clustering, we can develop an integrative framework for the plastic industry. The findings are underpinned and illustrated by a variety of relevant plastic management solutions that the authors have identiﬁed through a systematic literature review and analysis of existing, empirically grounded research in this field. Using the archetypes, we can promote options for business model innovations for the most important sectors in which plastics are used. Moreover, by linking the proposed business model archetypes to the plastic industry, our research approach guides firms in exploring sustainable business opportunities. Likewise, researchers and policymakers can utilize our classification to identify best practices. The authors believe that the study advances the current knowledge on sustainable plastic management through its broad empirical industry analyses. Hence, the application of business model archetypes in the plastic industry will be useful for shaping companies’ transformation to create and deliver more sustainability and provides avenues for future research endeavors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20models" title="business models">business models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20economics" title=" environmental economics"> environmental economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20management" title=" plastic management"> plastic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20pollution" title=" plastic pollution"> plastic pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148197/sustainable-business-model-archetypes-a-systematic-review-and-application-to-the-plastic-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">307</span> White-Rot Hymenomycetes as Oil Palm Log Treatments: Accelerating Biodegradation of Basal Stem Rot-Affected Oil Palm Stumps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuvarani%20Naidu">Yuvarani Naidu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmeen%20Siddiqui"> Yasmeen Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Yusof%20Rafii"> Mohd Yusof Rafii </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Seman%20Idris"> Abu Seman Idris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainability of oil palm production in Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia and Malaysia, is jeopardized by Ganoderma boninense, the fungus which causes basal stem rot (BSR) in oil palm. The root contact with unattended infected debris left in the plantations during replanting is known to be the primary source of inoculum. Abiding by the law, potentially effective technique of managing Ganoderma infected oil palm debris is deemed necessary because of the zero-burning policy in Malaysian oil palm plantations. White-rot hymenomycetes antagonistic to Ganoderma sp were selected to test their efficacy as log treatments in degrading Ganoderma infected oil palm logs and to minimize the survival of Ganoderma inoculum. Decay rate in terms of mass loss was significantly higher after the application of solid-state cultivation (SSC) of Trametes lactinea FBW (64% ±1.2), followed by Pycnoporus sanguineus FBR (55% ±1.7) in infected log block tissues, after 10 months of treatments. The degradation pattern was clearly distinguished between the treated and non-treated log blocks with the developed SSC formulations. The control infected log blocks showed the highest, whereas infected log blocks treated with either P. sanguineus FBR or T. lactinea FBW SSC formulations exhibited statistically lowest number of Ganoderma spp. recovery on Ganoderma Selective Medium (GSM), after 8 months of treatment. Out of that, the lowest recovery of Ganoderma spp. was reported in infected log blocks inoculated with the strain T. lactinea FBW (21% ± 0.9) followed by P. sanguineus FBR (33% ± 2.2), after 8 months, Further, no recovery of Ganoderma was noticeable, 10 months after treatment applications in log blocks treated with both of the formulations. This is the first nursery-base study to substantiate the initial colonization of white-rot hymenomycetes on oil palm log blocks previously infected with BSR pathogen, G. boninense. The present study has indicated that log blocks treatment with white-rot hymenomycetes significantly affected the mass loss of diseased and healthy log block tissues. This study provides a basis of biotechnological approaches inefficient degradation of oil palm-generated crop debris, under natural conditions with an ultimate aim of reducing the Ganoderma inoculum under heavy BSR infection pressure in eco-friendly manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basal%20stem%20rot%20disease" title="basal stem rot disease">basal stem rot disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ganoderma%20boninense" title=" ganoderma boninense"> ganoderma boninense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm" title=" oil palm"> oil palm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white-rot%20fungi" title=" white-rot fungi"> white-rot fungi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89372/white-rot-hymenomycetes-as-oil-palm-log-treatments-accelerating-biodegradation-of-basal-stem-rot-affected-oil-palm-stumps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">306</span> Circular Economy Initiatives in Denmark for the Recycling of Household Plastic Wastes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rikke%20Lyb%C3%A6k">Rikke Lybæk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper delves into the intricacies of recycling household plastic waste within Denmark, employing an exploratory case study methodology to shed light on the technical, strategic, and market dynamics of the plastic recycling value chain. Focusing on circular economy principles, the research identifies critical gaps and opportunities in recycling processes, particularly regarding plastic packaging waste derived from households, with a notable absence in food packaging reuse initiatives. The study uncovers the predominant practice of downcycling in the current value chain, underscoring a disconnect between the potential for high-quality plastic recycling and the market's readiness to embrace such materials. Through detailed examination of three leading companies in Denmark's plastic industry, the paper highlights the existing support for recycling initiatives, yet points to the necessity of assured quality in sorted plastics to foster broader adoption. The analysis further explores the importance of reuse strategies to complement recycling efforts, aiming to alleviate the pressure on virgin feedstock. The paper ventures into future perspectives, discussing different approaches such as biological degradation methods, watermark technology for plastic traceability, and the potential for bio-based and PtX plastics. These avenues promise not only to enhance recycling efficiency but also to contribute to a more sustainable circular economy by reducing reliance on virgin materials. Despite the challenges outlined, the research demonstrates a burgeoning market for recycled plastics within Denmark, propelled by both environmental considerations and customer demand. However, the study also calls for a more harmonized and effective waste collection and sorting system to elevate the quality and quantity of recyclable plastics. By casting a spotlight on successful case studies and potential technological advancements, the paper advocates for a multifaceted approach to plastic waste management, encompassing not only recycling but also innovative reuse and reduction strategies to foster a more sustainable future. In conclusion, this study underscores the urgent need for innovative, coordinated efforts in the recycling and management of plastic waste to move towards a more sustainable and circular economy in Denmark. It calls for the adoption of comprehensive strategies that include improving recycling technologies, enhancing waste collection systems, and fostering a market environment that values recycled materials, thereby contributing significantly to environmental sustainability goals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title="case study">case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denmark" title=" Denmark"> Denmark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20waste" title=" plastic waste"> plastic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184490/circular-economy-initiatives-in-denmark-for-the-recycling-of-household-plastic-wastes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">305</span> Evidence of Microplastics Ingestion in Two Commercial Cephalopod Species: Octopus Vulgaris and Sepia Officinalis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federica%20Laface">Federica Laface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Ped%C3%A0"> Cristina Pedà</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Longo"> Francesco Longo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20de%20Domenico"> Francesca de Domenico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riccardo%20Minichino"> Riccardo Minichino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierpaolo%20Consoli"> Pierpaolo Consoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pietro%20Battaglia"> Pietro Battaglia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvestro%20Greco"> Silvestro Greco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20Romeo"> Teresa Romeo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastics pollution represents one of the most important threats to marine biodiversity. In the last decades, different species are investigated to evaluate the extent of the plastic ingestion phenomenon. Even if the cephalopods play an important role in the food chain, they are still poorly studied. The aim of this research was to investigate the plastic ingestion in two commercial cephalopod species from the southern Tyrrhenian Sea: the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris (n=6; mean mantle length ML 10.7 ± 1.8) and the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (n=13; mean ML 13.2 ± 1.7). Plastics were extracted from the filters obtained by the chemical digestion of cephalopods gastrointestinal tracts (GITs), using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution in a 1:5 (w/v) ratio. Once isolated, particles were photographed, measured, and their size class, shape and color were recorded. A total of 81 items was isolated from 16 of the 19 examined GITs, representing a total occurrence (%O) of 84.2% with a mean value of 4.3 ± 8.6 particles per individual. In particular, 62 plastics were found in 6 specimens of O. vulgaris (%O=100) and 19 particles in 10 S. officinalis (%O=94.7). In both species, the microplastics size class was the most abundant (93.8%). Plastic items found in O. vulgaris were mainly fibers (61%) while fragments were the most frequent in S. officinalis (53%). Transparent was the most common color in both species. The analysis will be completed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy technique in order to identify polymers nature. This study reports preliminary data on plastic ingestion events in two cephalopods species and represents the first record of plastic ingestion by the common octopus. Microplastic items detected in both common octopus and common cuttlefish could derive from secondary and/or accidental ingestion events, probably due to their behavior, feeding habits and anatomical features. Further studies will be required to assess the effect of marine litter pollution in these ecologically and commercially important species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cephalopods" title="cephalopods">cephalopods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIT%20analysis" title=" GIT analysis"> GIT analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20pollution" title=" marine pollution"> marine pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mediterranean%20sea" title=" Mediterranean sea"> Mediterranean sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastics" title=" microplastics"> microplastics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140632/evidence-of-microplastics-ingestion-in-two-commercial-cephalopod-species-octopus-vulgaris-and-sepia-officinalis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">304</span> IAM Smart – A Sustainable Way to Reduce Plastics in Organizations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krithika%20Kumaragurubaran">Krithika Kumaragurubaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mannu%20Thareja"> Mannu Thareja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Saving our planet Earth is the responsibility of every human being. Global warming and carbon emissions are killing our planet. We must adopt sustainable practices to give our future generations an equal opportunity to enjoy this planet Earth, our home. One of the most used unsustainable materials is plastic. Plastics are used everywhere. They are cheap, durable, strong, waterproof, non-corrosive with a long life. So longthat it makes plastic unsustainable. With this paper, we want to bring awareness on the usage of plastic in the organizations and how to reduce it by adopting sustainable practices powered by technology. We have taken a case study on the usage of photo ID cards, which are commonly used for authentication and authorization. These ID cards are used by employees or visitors to get access to the restricted areas inside the office buildings. The scale of these plastic cards can be in thousands for a bigger organization. This paper proposes smart alternatives to Identity and Access Management (IAM) which could replace the traditional method of using plastic ID cards. Further, the proposed solution is secure with multi-factor authentication (MFA), cost effective as there is no need to manage the supply chain of ID cards, provides instant IAM with self-service, and has the convenience of smart phone. Smart IAM is not only user friendly however also environment friendly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduce%20plastic" title=" reduce plastic"> reduce plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IAM%20%28Identity%20and%20Access%20Management%29" title=" IAM (Identity and Access Management)"> IAM (Identity and Access Management)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-factor%20authentication" title=" multi-factor authentication"> multi-factor authentication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153407/iam-smart-a-sustainable-way-to-reduce-plastics-in-organizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">303</span> Comparing Stability Index MAPping (SINMAP) Landslide Susceptibility Models in the Río La Carbonera, Southeast Flank of Pico de Orizaba Volcano, Mexico</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Legorreta%20Paulin">Gabriel Legorreta Paulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcus%20I.%20Bursik"> Marcus I. Bursik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lilia%20Arana%20Salinas"> Lilia Arana Salinas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Aceves%20Quesada"> Fernando Aceves Quesada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In volcanic environments, landslides and debris flows occur continually along stream systems of large stratovolcanoes. This is the case on Pico de Orizaba volcano, the highest mountain in Mexico. The volcano has a great potential to impact and damage human settlements and economic activities by landslides. People living along the lower valleys of Pico de Orizaba volcano are in continuous hazard by the coalescence of upstream landslide sediments that increased the destructive power of debris flows. These debris flows not only produce floods, but also cause the loss of lives and property. Although the importance of assessing such process, there is few landslide inventory maps and landslide susceptibility assessment. As a result in México, no landslide susceptibility models assessment has been conducted to evaluate advantage and disadvantage of models. In this study, a comprehensive study of landslide susceptibility models assessment using GIS technology is carried out on the SE flank of Pico de Orizaba volcano. A detailed multi-temporal landslide inventory map in the watershed is used as framework for the quantitative comparison of two landslide susceptibility maps. The maps are created based on 1) the Stability Index MAPping (SINMAP) model by using default geotechnical parameters and 2) by using findings of volcanic soils geotechnical proprieties obtained in the field. SINMAP combines the factor of safety derived from the infinite slope stability model with the theory of a hydrologic model to produce the susceptibility map. It has been claimed that SINMAP analysis is reasonably successful in defining areas that intuitively appear to be susceptible to landsliding in regions with sparse information. The validations of the resulting susceptibility maps are performed by comparing them with the inventory map under LOGISNET system which provides tools to compare by using a histogram and a contingency table. Results of the experiment allow for establishing how the individual models predict the landslide location, advantages, and limitations. The results also show that although the model tends to improve with the use of calibrated field data, the landslide susceptibility map does not perfectly represent existing landslides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title=" landslide"> landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LOGISNET" title=" LOGISNET"> LOGISNET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SINMAP" title=" SINMAP"> SINMAP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62772/comparing-stability-index-mapping-sinmap-landslide-susceptibility-models-in-the-rio-la-carbonera-southeast-flank-of-pico-de-orizaba-volcano-mexico" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Comparison of Yb and Tm-Fiber Laser Cutting Processes of Fiber Reinforced Plastics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oktay%20Celenk">Oktay Celenk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugur%20Karanfil"> Ugur Karanfil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iskender%20Demir"> Iskender Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Lamrini"> Samir Lamrini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorg%20Neumann"> Jorg Neumann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20Demir"> Arif Demir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to its favourable material characteristics, fiber reinforced plastics are amongst the main topics of all actual lightweight construction megatrends. Especially in transportation trends ranging from aeronautics over the automotive industry to naval transportation (yachts, cruise liners) the expected economic and environmental impact is huge. In naval transportation components like yacht bodies, antenna masts, decorative structures like deck lamps, light houses and pool areas represent cheap and robust solutions. Commercially available laser tools like carbon dioxide gas lasers (CO₂), frequency tripled solid state UV lasers, and Neodymium-YAG (Nd:YAG) lasers can be used. These tools have emission wavelengths of 10 µm, 0.355 µm, and 1.064 µm, respectively. The scientific goal is first of all the generation of a parameter matrix for laser processing of each used material for a Tm-fiber laser system (wavelength 2 µm). These parameters are the heat affected zone, process gas pressure, work piece feed velocity, intensity, irradiation time etc. The results are compared with results obtained with well-known material processing lasers, such as a Yb-fiber lasers (wavelength 1 µm). Compared to the CO₂-laser, the Tm-laser offers essential advantages for future laser processes like cutting, welding, ablating for repair and drilling in composite part manufacturing (components of cruise liners, marine pipelines). Some of these are the possibility of beam delivery in a standard fused silica fiber which enables hand guided processing, eye safety which results from the wavelength, excellent beam quality and brilliance due to the fiber nature. There is one more feature that is economically absolutely important for boat, automotive and military projects manufacturing that the wavelength of 2 µm is highly absorbed by the plastic matrix and thus enables selective removal of it for repair procedures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thulium%20%28Tm%29%20fiber%20laser" title="Thulium (Tm) fiber laser">Thulium (Tm) fiber laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20processing%20of%20fiber-reinforced%20plastics%20%28FRP%29" title=" laser processing of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP)"> laser processing of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20affected%20zone" title=" heat affected zone"> heat affected zone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85008/comparison-of-yb-and-tm-fiber-laser-cutting-processes-of-fiber-reinforced-plastics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> Site Suitability Analysis for Multipurpose Dams Using Geospatial Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saima%20Iftikhar%20Rida%20Shabbir">Saima Iftikhar Rida Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeeshan%20Hassan"> Zeeshan Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water shortage, energy crisis and natural misfortunes are the glitches which reduce the efficacy of agricultural ecosystems especially in Pakistan where these are more frequent besides being intense. Accordingly, the agricultural water resources, food security and country’s economy are at risk. To address this, we have used Geospatial techniques incorporating ASTER Global DEM, Geological map, rainfall data, discharge data, Landsat 5 image of Swat valley in order to assess the viability of selected sites. The sites have been studied via GIS tools, Hydrological investigation and multiparametric analysis for their potentialities of collecting and securing the rain water; regulating floods by storing the surplus water bulks by check dams and developing them for power generation. Our results showed that Siat1-1 was very useful for low-cost dam with main objective of as Debris dam; Site-2 and Site 3 were check dams sites having adequate storing reservoir so as to arrest the inconsistent flow accompanied by catering the sedimentation effects and the debris flows; Site 4 had a huge reservoir capacity but it entails enormous edifice cost over very great flood plain. Thus, there is necessity of active Hydrological developments to estimate the flooded area using advanced and multifarious GIS and remote sensing approaches so that the sites could be developed for harnessing those sites for agricultural and energy drives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20suitability" title="site suitability">site suitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=check%20dams" title=" check dams"> check dams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SHP" title=" SHP"> SHP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain%20analysis" title=" terrain analysis"> terrain analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20estimation" title=" volume estimation "> volume estimation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47533/site-suitability-analysis-for-multipurpose-dams-using-geospatial-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> Extractive Bioconversion of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from Ralstonia Eutropha Via Aqueous Two-Phase System-An Integrated Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20K.%20Leong">Y. K. Leong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20C.%20W.%20Lan"> J. C. W. Lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Loh"> H. S. Loh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20L.%20Show"> P. L. Show</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being biodegradable, non-toxic, renewable and have similar or better properties as commercial plastics, polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHAs) can be a potential game changer in the polymer industry. PHAs are the biodegradable polymer produced by bacteria, which are in interest as a sustainable alternative to petrochemical-derived plastics; however, its commercial value has significantly limited by high production and recovery cost of PHA. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) offers different chemical and physical environments, which contains about 80-90% water delivers an excellent environment for partitioning of cells, cell organelles and biologically active substances. Extractive bioconversion via ATPS allows the integration of PHA upstream fermentation and downstream purification process, which reduces production steps and time, thus lead to cost reduction. The ability of Ralstonia eutropha to grow under different ATPS conditions was investigated for its potential to be used in a bioconversion system. Changes in tie-line length (TLL) and a volume ratio (Vr) were shown to have an effect on PHA partition coefficient. High PHA recovery yield of 65% with a relatively high purity of 73% was obtained in PEG 6000/Sodium sulphate system with 42.6 wt/wt % TLL and 1.25 Vr. Extractive bioconversion via ATPS is an attractive approach for the combination of PHA production and recovery process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20two-phase%20system" title="aqueous two-phase system">aqueous two-phase system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extractive%20bioconversion" title=" extractive bioconversion"> extractive bioconversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyhydroxy%20alkanoates" title=" polyhydroxy alkanoates"> polyhydroxy alkanoates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purification" title=" purification "> purification </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40313/extractive-bioconversion-of-polyhydroxyalkanoates-phas-from-ralstonia-eutropha-via-aqueous-two-phase-system-an-integrated-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Eliminating Arm, Neck and Leg Fatigue of United Asia International Plastics Corporation Workers through Rapid Entire Body Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Cheferson%20R.%20De%20Belen">John Cheferson R. De Belen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Paul%20G.%20Elizares"> John Paul G. Elizares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20John%20G.%20Raz"> Ronald John G. Raz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janina%20Elyse%20A.%20Reyes"> Janina Elyse A. Reyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charie%20G.%20Salengua"> Charie G. Salengua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aristotle%20L.%20Soriano"> Aristotle L. Soriano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastic is a type of synthetic or man-made polymer that can readily be molded into a variety of products. Its usage over the past century has enabled society to make huge technological advances. The workers of United Asia International Plastics Corporation (UAIPC), a plastic manufacturing company performs manual packaging which causes fatigue and stress on their arm, neck, and legs due to extended periods of standing and repetitive motions. With the use of the Fishbone Diagram, Five-Why Analysis, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and Anthropometry, the stressful tasks and activities were identified and analyzed. Given the anthropometric measurements obtained from the workers, improved dimensions for the tables and chairs should be used and provide a new packaging machine. The validation of this proposal shall follow after its implementation. By eliminating fatigue during working hours in the production, the workers will be at ease at performing their work properly; productivity will increase that will lead to more profit. Further areas for study include measurement and comparison of the worker’s anthropometric measurement with the industry standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropometry" title="anthropometry">anthropometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fishbone%20diagram" title=" fishbone diagram"> fishbone diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five-why%20analysis" title=" five-why analysis"> five-why analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20entire%20body%20assessment" title=" rapid entire body assessment"> rapid entire body assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89478/eliminating-arm-neck-and-leg-fatigue-of-united-asia-international-plastics-corporation-workers-through-rapid-entire-body-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Local Buckling of Web-Core and Foam-Core Sandwich Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20N.%20Suri">Ali N. Suri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20A.%20Al-Makhlufi"> Ahmad A. Al-Makhlufi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sandwich construction is widely accepted as a method of construction especially in the aircraft industry. It is a type of stressed skin construction formed by bonding two thin faces to a thick core, the faces resist all of the applied edge loads and provide all or nearly all of the required rigidities, the core spaces the faces to increase cross section moment of inertia about common neutral axis and transmit shear between them provides a perfect bond between core and faces is made. Material for face sheets can be of metal or reinforced plastics laminates, core material can be metallic cores of thin sheets forming corrugation or honeycomb, or non-metallic core of Balsa wood, plastic foams, or honeycomb made of reinforced plastics. For in plane axial loading web core and web-foam core Sandwich panels can fail by local buckling of plates forming the cross section with buckling wave length of the order of length of spacing between webs. In this study local buckling of web core and web-foam core Sandwich panels is carried out for given materials of facing and core, and given panel overall dimension for different combinations of cross section geometries. The Finite Strip Method is used for the analysis, and Fortran based computer program is developed and used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20buckling" title="local buckling">local buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20strip" title=" finite strip"> finite strip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandwich%20panels" title=" sandwich panels"> sandwich panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20and%20foam%20core" title=" web and foam core"> web and foam core</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7299/local-buckling-of-web-core-and-foam-core-sandwich-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> Extracting Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Waste Sludge of Husbandry Industry Wastewater Treatment Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Lu">M. S. Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20P.%20Tsai"> Y. P. Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Shu"> H. Shu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20F.%20Chen"> K. F. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20L.%20Lai"> L. L. Lai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study used sodium hypochlorite/sodium dodecyl sulfate method to successfully extract polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from the wasted sludge of a husbandry industry wastewater treatment plant. We investigated the optimum operational conditions of three key factors with respect to effectively extract PHAs from husbandry industry wastewater sludge, including the sodium hypochlorite concentration, liquid-solid ratio, and reaction time. The experimental results showed the optimum operational conditions for polyhydroxyalkanoate recovery as follows: (1) being digested by the sodium hypochlorite/sodium dodecyl sulfate solution with 15% (v/v) of hypochlorite concentration, (2) being operated at the condition of 1.25 mLmg-1 of liquid-solid ratio, and (3) being reacted for more than 60 min. Under these conditions, the content of the recovered PHAs was about 53.2±0.66 mgPHAs/gVSS, and the purity of the recovered PHAs was about 78.5±6.91 wt%. The recovered PHAs were further used to produce biodegradable plastics for decomposition test buried in soils. The decomposition test showed 66.5% of the biodegradable plastics produced in the study remained after being buried in soils for 49 days. The cost for extracting PHAs is about 10.3 US$/kgPHAs and is lower than those produced by pure culture methods (12-15 US$/kgPHAs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20plastic" title="biodegradable plastic">biodegradable plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymers" title=" biopolymers"> biopolymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyhydroxyalkanoates%20%28PHAs%29" title=" polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)"> polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20sludge" title=" waste sludge"> waste sludge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6098/extracting-polyhydroxyalkanoates-from-waste-sludge-of-husbandry-industry-wastewater-treatment-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> The Mechanical Characteristics of Rammed Earth with Plastic Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Al%20Shdifat">Majdi Al Shdifat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Chiachio"> Juan Chiachio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Puertas"> Esther Puertas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20L.%20Jal%C3%B3n"> María L. Jalón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81lvaro%20Blanca-Hoyos"> Álvaro Blanca-Hoyos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the world has begun to adopt more sustainable practices in response to today's environmental and climate challenges. The construction sector is one of the most resource-intensive among others, so researchers are testing different types of materials with different processes and methodologies to achieve more environmentally and sustainably friendly buildings. Plastic is one of the most harmful materials for the environment. The global production of plastics has increased dramatically in recent decades, and it is one of the most widely used materials. However, plastic waste is not biodegradable and has a chemical composition that is stable for many years in the environment, both on land and in water bodies. Recycled plastics have been tested to be used in construction in many ways to reduce the amount of plastic in the environment and the use of raw materials in construction. In this context, the main objective of this research is to test the use of plastic fibers with one of the most promising materials to replace cement, which is rammed earth. In fact, rammed earth is considered one of the most environmentally friendly materials due to its use of local raw materials, recyclability, and low embodied energy. In this research, three different types of plastic fibers were used. Then, the blends were evaluated by considering their mechanical properties, including compressive strength and tensile strength. In addition, the non-destructive ultrasonic wave velocity was measured. The result shows excellent potential for the use of plastic fibers in rammed earth, especially in terms of compressive strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20characterization" title="mechanical characterization">mechanical characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20fibers%20reinforcement" title=" plastic fibers reinforcement"> plastic fibers reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rammed%20earth" title=" rammed earth"> rammed earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20material" title=" sustainable material"> sustainable material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171927/the-mechanical-characteristics-of-rammed-earth-with-plastic-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> The Mechanical Properties of Rammed Earth with Plastic Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Al%20Shdifat">Majdi Al Shdifat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Chiachio"> Juan Chiachio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Puertas"> Esther Puertas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20L.%20Jal%C3%B3n"> María L. Jalón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81lvaro%20Blanca-Hoyos"> Álvaro Blanca-Hoyos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the world has begun to adopt more sustainable practices in response to today's environmental and climate challenges. The construction sector is one of the most resource-intensive among others, so researchers are testing different types of materials with different processes and methodologies to achieve more environmentally and sustainably friendly buildings.Plastic is one of the most harmful materials for the environment. The global production of plastics has increased dramatically in recent decades, and it is one of the most widely used materials. However, plastic waste is not biodegradable and has a chemical composition that is stable for many years in the environment, both on land and in water bodies. Recycled plastics have been tested to be used in construction in many ways to reduce the amount of plastic in the environment and the use of raw materials in construction. In this context, the main objective of this research is to test the use of plastic fibers with one of the most promising materials to replace cement, which is rammed earth. In fact, rammed earth is considered one of the most environmentally friendly materials due to its use of local raw materials, recyclability, and low embodied energy. In this research, three different types of plastic fibers were used. Then, the blends were evaluated by considering their mechanical properties, including compressive strength and tensile strength. In addition, the non-destructive ultrasonic wave velocity was measured. The result shows excellent potential for the use of plastic fibers in rammed earth, especially in terms of compressive strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20characterization" title="mechanical characterization">mechanical characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20fibers%20reinforcement" title=" plastic fibers reinforcement"> plastic fibers reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rammed%20earth" title=" rammed earth"> rammed earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20material" title=" sustainable material"> sustainable material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171963/the-mechanical-properties-of-rammed-earth-with-plastic-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Determination of the Pull-Out/ Holding Strength at the Taper-Trunnion Junction of Hip Implants </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obinna%20K.%20Ihesiulor">Obinna K. Ihesiulor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Shankar"> Krishna Shankar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Smith"> Paul Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Fien"> Alan Fien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excessive fretting wear at the taper-trunnion junction (trunnionosis) apparently contributes to the high failure rates of hip implants. Implant wear and corrosion lead to the release of metal particulate debris and subsequent release of metal ions at the taper-trunnion surface. This results in a type of metal poisoning referred to as metallosis. The consequences of metal poisoning include; osteolysis (bone loss), osteoarthritis (pain), aseptic loosening of the prosthesis and revision surgery. Follow up after revision surgery, metal debris particles are commonly found in numerous locations. Background: A stable connection between the femoral ball head (taper) and stem (trunnion) is necessary to prevent relative motions and corrosion at the taper junction. Hence, the importance of component assembly cannot be over-emphasized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the influence of head-stem junction assembly by press fitting and the subsequent disengagement/disassembly on the connection strength between the taper ball head and stem. Methods: CoCr femoral heads were assembled with High stainless hydrogen steel stem (trunnion) by Push-in i.e. press fit; and disengaged by Pull-out test. The strength and stability of the two connections were evaluated by measuring the head pull-out forces according to ISO 7206-10 standards. Findings: The head-stem junction strength linearly increases with assembly forces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title="wear">wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modular%20hip%20prosthesis" title=" modular hip prosthesis"> modular hip prosthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taper%20head-stem" title=" taper head-stem"> taper head-stem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20assembly%20and%20disassembly" title=" force assembly and disassembly "> force assembly and disassembly </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37910/determination-of-the-pull-out-holding-strength-at-the-taper-trunnion-junction-of-hip-implants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> FTIR Spectroscopy for in vitro Screening in Microbial Biotechnology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Shapaval">V. Shapaval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Afseth"> N. K. Afseth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Tzimorotas"> D. Tzimorotas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kohler"> A. Kohler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally there is a dramatic increase in the demand for food, energy, materials and clean water since natural resources are limited. As a result, industries are looking for ways to reduce rest materials and to improve resource efficiency. Microorganisms have a high potential to be used as bio factories for the production of primary and secondary metabolites that represent high-value bio-products (enzymes, polyunsaturated fatty acids, bio-plastics, glucans, etc.). In order to find good microbial producers, to design suitable substrates from food rest materials and to optimize fermentation conditions, rapid analytical techniques for quantifying target bio products in microbial cells are needed. In the EU project FUST (R4SME, Fp7), we have developed a fully automated high-throughput FUST system based on micro-cultivation and FTIR spectroscopy that facilitates the screening of microorganisms, substrates and fermentation conditions for the optimization of the production of different high-value metabolites (single cell oils, bio plastics). The automated system allows the preparation of 100 samples per hour. Currently, The FUST system is in use for screening of filamentous fungi in order to find oleaginous strains with the ability to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the optimization of cheap substrates, derived from food rest materials, and the optimization of fermentation conditions for the high yield of single cell oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR%20spectroscopy" title="FTIR spectroscopy">FTIR spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FUST%20system" title=" FUST system"> FUST system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screening" title=" screening"> screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16345/ftir-spectroscopy-for-in-vitro-screening-in-microbial-biotechnology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Production of Biocomposites Using Chars Obtained by Co-Pyrolysis of Olive Pomace with Plastic Wastes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esra%20Yel">Esra Yel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabriz%20Aslanov"> Tabriz Aslanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merve%20Sogancioglu"> Merve Sogancioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suheyla%20Kocaman"> Suheyla Kocaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulnare%20Ahmetli"> Gulnare Ahmetli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The disposal of waste plastics has become a major worldwide environmental problem. Pyrolysis of waste plastics is one of the routes to waste minimization and recycling that has been gaining interest. In pyrolysis, the pyrolysed material is separated into gas, liquid (both are fuel) and solid (char) products. All fractions have utilities and economical value depending upon their characteristics. The first objective of this study is to determine the co-pyrolysis product fractions of waste HDPE- (high density polyethylene) and LDPE (low density polyethylene)-olive pomace (OP) and to determine the qualities of the solid product char. Chars obtained at 700 °C pyrolysis were used in biocomposite preparation as additive. As the second objective, the effects of char on biocomposite quality were investigated. Pyrolysis runs were performed at temperature 700 °C with heating rates of 5 °C/min. Biocomposites were prepared by mixing of chars with bisphenol-F type epoxy resin in various wt%. Biocomposite properties were determined by measuring electrical conductivity, surface hardness, Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the composites. The best electrical conductivity results were obtained with HDPE-OP char. For HDPE-OP char and LDPE-OP char, compared to neat epoxy, the tensile strength values of the composites increased by 102% and 78%, respectively, at 10% char dose. The hardness measurements showed similar results to the tensile tests, since there is a correlation between the hardness and the tensile strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocomposite" title="biocomposite">biocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=char" title=" char"> char</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20pomace" title=" olive pomace"> olive pomace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43071/production-of-biocomposites-using-chars-obtained-by-co-pyrolysis-of-olive-pomace-with-plastic-wastes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Hydraulic Conductivity Prediction of Cement Stabilized Pavement Base Incorporating Recycled Plastics and Recycled Aggregates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Shams%20Razi%20Shopnil">Md. Shams Razi Shopnil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanvir%20Imtiaz"> Tanvir Imtiaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Mahjabin"> Sabrina Mahjabin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Sahadat%20Hossain"> Md. Sahadat Hossain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Saturated hydraulic conductivity is one of the most significant attributes of pavement base course. Determination of hydraulic conductivity is a routine procedure for regular aggregate base courses. However, in many cases, a cement-stabilized base course is used with compromised drainage ability. Traditional hydraulic conductivity testing procedure is a readily available option which leads to two consequential drawbacks, i.e., the time required for the specimen to be saturated and extruding the sample after completion of the laboratory test. To overcome these complications, this study aims at formulating an empirical approach to predicting hydraulic conductivity based on Unconfined Compressive Strength test results. To do so, this study comprises two separate experiments (Constant Head Permeability test and Unconfined Compressive Strength test) conducted concurrently on a specimen having the same physical credentials. Data obtained from the two experiments were then used to devise a correlation between hydraulic conductivity and unconfined compressive strength. This correlation in the form of a polynomial equation helps to predict the hydraulic conductivity of cement-treated pavement base course, bypassing the cumbrous process of traditional permeability and less commonly used horizontal permeability tests. The correlation was further corroborated by a different set of data, and it has been found that the derived polynomial equation is deemed to be a viable tool to predict hydraulic conductivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20conductivity" title="hydraulic conductivity">hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength" title=" unconfined compressive strength"> unconfined compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20plastics" title=" recycled plastics"> recycled plastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20concrete%20aggregates" title=" recycled concrete aggregates"> recycled concrete aggregates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163967/hydraulic-conductivity-prediction-of-cement-stabilized-pavement-base-incorporating-recycled-plastics-and-recycled-aggregates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Material Choice Driving Sustainability of 3D Printing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeremy%20Faludi">Jeremy Faludi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongyin%20Hu"> Zhongyin Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahd%20Alrashed"> Shahd Alrashed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Braunholz"> Christopher Braunholz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suneesh%20Kaul"> Suneesh Kaul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leulekal%20Kassaye"> Leulekal Kassaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental impacts of six 3D printers using various materials were compared to determine if material choice drove sustainability, or if other factors such as machine type, machine size, or machine utilization dominate. Cradle-to-grave life-cycle assessments were performed, comparing a commercial-scale FDM machine printing in ABS plastic, a desktop FDM machine printing in ABS, a desktop FDM machine printing in PET and PLA plastics, a polyjet machine printing in its proprietary polymer, an SLA machine printing in its polymer, and an inkjet machine hacked to print in salt and dextrose. All scenarios were scored using ReCiPe Endpoint H methodology to combine multiple impact categories, comparing environmental impacts per part made for several scenarios per machine. Results showed that most printers’ ecological impacts were dominated by electricity use, not materials, and the changes in electricity use due to different plastics was not significant compared to variation from one machine to another. Variation in machine idle time determined impacts per part most strongly. However, material impacts were quite important for the inkjet printer hacked to print in salt: In its optimal scenario, it had up to 1/38th the impacts coreper part as the worst-performing machine in the same scenario. If salt parts were infused with epoxy to make them more physically robust, then much of this advantage disappeared, and material impacts actually dominated or equaled electricity use. Future studies should also measure DMLS and SLS processes / materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title=" additive manufacturing"> additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-cycle%20assessment" title=" life-cycle assessment"> life-cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20for%20environment" title=" design for environment"> design for environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16363/material-choice-driving-sustainability-of-3d-printing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Tackling the Decontamination Challenge: Nanorecycling of Plastic Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jocelyn%20Doucet">Jocelyn Doucet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Philippe%20Laviolette"> Jean-Philippe Laviolette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Eslami"> Ali Eslami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The end-of-life management and recycling of polymer wastes remains a key environment issue in on-going efforts to increase resource efficiency and attaining GHG emission reduction targets. Half of all the plastics ever produced were made in the last 13 years, and only about 16% of that plastic waste is collected for recycling, while 25% is incinerated, 40% is landfilled, and 19% is unmanaged and leaks in the environment and waterways. In addition to the plastic collection issue, the UN recently published a report on chemicals in plastics, which adds another layer of challenge when integrating recycled content containing toxic products into new products. To tackle these important issues, innovative solutions are required. Chemical recycling of plastics provides new complementary alternatives to the current recycled plastic market by converting waste material into a high value chemical commodity that can be reintegrated in a variety of applications, making the total market size of the output – virgin-like, high value products - larger than the market size of the input – plastic waste. Access to high-quality feedstock also remains a major obstacle, primarily due to material contamination issues. Pyrowave approaches this challenge with its innovative nano-recycling technology, which purifies polymers at the molecular level, removing undesirable contaminants and restoring the resin to its virgin state without having to depolymerise it. This breakthrough approach expands the range of plastics that can be effectively recycled, including mixed plastics with various contaminants such as lead, inorganic pigments, and flame retardants. The technology allows yields below 100ppm, and purity can be adjusted to an infinitesimal level depending on the customer's specifications. The separation of the polymer and contaminants in Pyrowave's nano-recycling process offers the unique ability to customize the solution on targeted additives and contaminants to be removed based on the difference in molecular size. This precise control enables the attainment of a final polymer purity equivalent to virgin resin. The patented process involves dissolving the contaminated material using a specially formulated solvent, purifying the mixture at the molecular level, and subsequently extracting the solvent to yield a purified polymer resin that can directly be reintegrated in new products without further treatment. Notably, this technology offers simplicity, effectiveness, and flexibility while minimizing environmental impact and preserving valuable resources in the manufacturing circuit. Pyrowave has successfully applied this nano-recycling technology to decontaminate polymers and supply purified, high-quality recycled plastics to critical industries, including food-contact compliance. The technology is low-carbon, electrified, and provides 100% traceable resins with properties identical to those of virgin resins. Additionally, the issue of low recycling rates and the limited market for traditionally hard-to-recycle plastic waste has fueled the need for new complementary alternatives. Chemical recycling, such as Pyrowave's microwave depolymerization, presents a sustainable and efficient solution by converting plastic waste into high-value commodities. By employing microwave catalytic depolymerization, Pyrowave enables a truly circular economy of plastics, particularly in treating polystyrene waste to produce virgin-like styrene monomers. This revolutionary approach boasts low energy consumption, high yields, and a reduced carbon footprint. Pyrowave offers a portfolio of sustainable, low-carbon, electric solutions to give plastic waste a second life and paves the way to the new circular economy of plastics. Here, particularly for polystyrene, we show that styrene monomer yields from Pyrowave’s polystyrene microwave depolymerization reactor is 2,2 to 1,5 times higher than that of the thermal conventional pyrolysis. In addition, we provide a detailed understanding of the microwave assisted depolymerization via analyzing the effects of microwave power, pyrolysis time, microwave receptor and temperature on the styrene product yields. Furthermore, we investigate life cycle environmental impact assessment of microwave assisted pyrolysis of polystyrene in commercial-scale production. Finally, it is worth pointing out that Pyrowave is able to treat several tons of polystyrene to produce virgin styrene monomers and manage waste/contaminated polymeric materials as well in a truly circular economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanorecycling" title="nanorecycling">nanorecycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomaterials" title=" nanomaterials"> nanomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20recycling" title=" plastic recycling"> plastic recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depolymerization" title=" depolymerization"> depolymerization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169710/tackling-the-decontamination-challenge-nanorecycling-of-plastic-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectroscopy to Detect Microplastics and Pieces of Plastic in Almond Flour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Apaza">H. Apaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Ch%C3%A9vez"> L. Chévez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Loro"> H. Loro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastic and microplastic pollution in human food chain is a big problem for human health that requires more elaborated techniques that can identify their presences in different kinds of food. Hyperspectral imaging technique is an optical technique than can detect the presence of different elements in an image and can be used to detect plastics and microplastics in a scene. To do this statistical techniques are required that need to be evaluated and compared in order to find the more efficient ones. In this work, two problems related to the presence of plastics are addressed, the first is to detect and identify pieces of plastic immersed in almond seeds, and the second problem is to detect and quantify microplastic in almond flour. To do this we make use of the analysis hyperspectral images taken in the range of 900 to 1700 nm using 4 unmixing techniques of hyperspectral imaging which are: least squares unmixing (LSU), non-negatively constrained least squares unmixing (NCLSU), fully constrained least squares unmixing (FCLSU), and scaled constrained least squares unmixing (SCLSU). NCLSU, FCLSU, SCLSU techniques manage to find the region where the plastic is found and also manage to quantify the amount of microplastic contained in the almond flour. The SCLSU technique estimated a 13.03% abundance of microplastics and 86.97% of almond flour compared to 16.66% of microplastics and 83.33% abundance of almond flour prepared for the experiment. Results show the feasibility of applying near-infrared hyperspectral image analysis for the detection of plastic contaminants in food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food" title="food">food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic" title=" plastic"> plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastic" title=" microplastic"> microplastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIR%20hyperspectral%20imaging" title=" NIR hyperspectral imaging"> NIR hyperspectral imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmixing" title=" unmixing"> unmixing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132107/near-infrared-hyperspectral-imaging-spectroscopy-to-detect-microplastics-and-pieces-of-plastic-in-almond-flour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Sustainable and Efficient Recovery of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymer from Cupriavidus necator Using Environment Friendly Solvents </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geeta%20Gahlawat">Geeta Gahlawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Kumar%20Soni"> Sanjeev Kumar Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An imprudent use of environmentally hazardous petrochemical-based plastics and limited availability of fossil fuels have provoked research interests towards production of biodegradable plastics - polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAs). However, the industrial application of PHAs based products is primarily restricted by their high cost of recovery and extraction protocols. Moreover, solvents used for the extraction and purification are toxic and volatile which causes adverse environmental hazards. Development of efficient downstream recovery strategies along with utilization of non-toxic solvents will accelerate their commercialization. In this study, various extraction strategies were designed for sustainable and cost-effective recovery of PHAs from Cupriavidus necator using non-toxic environment friendly solvents viz. 1,2-propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, butyl acetate. The effect of incubation time i.e. 10, 30 and 50 min and temperature i.e. 60, 80, 100, 120°C was tested to identify the most suitable solvent. PHAs extraction using a recyclable solvent, 1,2 propylene carbonate, showed the highest recovery yield (90%) and purity (93%) at 120°C and 30 min incubation. Ethyl acetate showed the better capacity to recover PHAs from cells than butyl acetate. Extraction with ethyl acetate exhibited high recovery yield and purity of 96% and 92%, respectively at 100°C. Effect of non-toxic surfactant such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LAS) was also studied at 40, 60 and 80°C, and detergent pH range of 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 for the extraction of PHAs from the cells. LAS gave highest yield of 86% and purity of 88% at temperature 80°C and 5.0 pH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyhydroxyalkanoates" title="polyhydroxyalkanoates">polyhydroxyalkanoates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cupriavidus%20necator" title=" Cupriavidus necator"> Cupriavidus necator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery%20yield" title=" recovery yield"> recovery yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80301/sustainable-and-efficient-recovery-of-polyhydroxyalkanoate-polymer-from-cupriavidus-necator-using-environment-friendly-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Marine Litter and Microplastic Pollution in Mangrove Sediments in The Sea of Oman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muna%20Al-Tarshi">Muna Al-Tarshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dobretsov%20Sergey"> Dobretsov Sergey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenresti%20Gallardo"> Wenresti Gallardo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine litter pollution is a global concern that has wide-ranging ecological, societal, and economic implications, along with potential health risks for humans. In Oman, inadequate solid waste management has led to the accumulation of litter in mangrove ecosystems. However, there is a dearth of information on marine litter and microplastic pollution in Omani mangroves, impeding the formulation of effective mitigation strategies. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of marine litter and microplastics in mangrove sediments in the Sea of Oman. Our study measured the average abundance of marine litter, which ranged from 0.83±1.03 to 19.42±8.52 items/m2. Notably, plastics constituted the majority of litter, accounting for 73-96% of all items, with soft plastics being the most prevalent. Furthermore, we investigated microplastic concentrations in the sediments, finding levels ranging from 6 to 256 pieces /kg. Among the studied areas, afforested mangroves in Al-Sawadi exhibited the highest average abundance of microplastics (27.52±5.32 pieces/ kg), while the Marine Protected Area Al Qurum had the lowest average abundance (0.60±1.12 pieces /kg). These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of marine litter and microplastic pollution in Omani mangroves. They provide valuable baseline data for future monitoring initiatives and the development of targeted management strategies. Urgent action is needed to implement effective waste management practices and interventions to protect the ecological integrity of mangrove ecosystems in Oman and mitigate the risks associated with marine litter and microplastics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastics" title="microplastics">microplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropogenic%20marine%20litter" title=" anthropogenic marine litter"> anthropogenic marine litter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ftir" title=" ftir"> ftir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title=" polymer"> polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=khawr" title=" khawr"> khawr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mangrove" title=" mangrove"> mangrove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168029/marine-litter-and-microplastic-pollution-in-mangrove-sediments-in-the-sea-of-oman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Investigation of Physical Properties of Asphalt Binder Modified by Recycled Polyethylene and Ground Tire Rubber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20H.%20Kasanagh">Sajjad H. Kasanagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perviz%20Ahmedzade"> Perviz Ahmedzade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Fainleib"> Alexander Fainleib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taylan%20Gunay"> Taylan Gunay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modification of asphalt is a fundamental method around the world mainly on the purpose of providing more durable pavements which lead to diminish repairing cost during the lifetime of highways. Various polymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) make up the greater parts of the all-over asphalt modifiers generally providing better physical properties of asphalt by decreasing temperature dependency which eventually diminishes permanent deformation on highways such as rutting. However, some waste and low-cost materials such as recycled plastics and ground rubber tire have been attempted to utilize in asphalt as modifier instead of manufactured polymer modifiers due to decreasing the eventual highway cost. On the other hand, the usage of recycled plastics has become a worldwide requirement and awareness in order to decrease the pollution made by waste plastics. Hence, finding an area in which recycling plastics could be utilized has been targeted by many research teams so as to reduce polymer manufacturing and plastic pollution. To this end, in this paper, thermoplastic dynamic vulcanizate (TDV) obtained from recycled post-consumer polyethylene and ground tire rubber (GTR) were used to provide an efficient modifier for asphalt which decreases the production cost as well and finally might provide an ecological solution by decreasing polymer disposal problems. TDV was synthesized by the chemists in the research group by means of the abovementioned components that are considered as compatible physical characteristic of asphalt materials. TDV modified asphalt samples having different rate of proportions of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 wt.% TDV modifier were prepared. Conventional tests, such as penetration, softening point and roll thin film oven (RTFO) tests were performed to obtain fundamental physical and aging properties of the base and modified binders. The high temperature performance grade (PG) of binders was determined by Superpave tests conducted on original and aged binders. The multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test which is relatively up-to-date method for classifying asphalts taking account of their elasticity abilities was carried out to evaluate PG plus grades of binders. The results obtained from performance grading, and MSCR tests were also evaluated together so as to make a comparison between the methods both aiming to determine rheological parameters of asphalt. The test results revealed that TDV modification leads to a decrease in penetration, an increase in softening point, which proves an increasing stiffness of asphalt. DSR results indicate an improvement in PG for modified binders compared to base asphalt. On the other hand, MSCR results that are compatible with DSR results also indicate an enhancement on rheological properties of asphalt. However, according to the results, the improvement is not as distinct as observed in DSR results since elastic properties are fundamental in MSCR. At the end of the testing program, it can be concluded that TDV can be used as modifier which provides better rheological properties for asphalt and might diminish plastic waste pollution since the material is 100% recycled. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt" title="asphalt">asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20tire%20rubber" title=" ground tire rubber"> ground tire rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20polymer" title=" recycled polymer"> recycled polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20dynamic%20vulcanizate" title=" thermoplastic dynamic vulcanizate"> thermoplastic dynamic vulcanizate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90714/investigation-of-physical-properties-of-asphalt-binder-modified-by-recycled-polyethylene-and-ground-tire-rubber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Context of a Space Traffic Management System: Legal Aspects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Kyriakopoulos">George Kyriakopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Photini%20Pazartzis"> Photini Pazartzis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthi%20Koskina"> Anthi Koskina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crystalie%20Bourcha"> Crystalie Bourcha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for securing safe access to and return from outer space, as well as ensuring the viability of outer space operations, maintains vivid the debate over the promotion of organization of space traffic through a Space Traffic Management System (STM). The proliferation of outer space activities in recent years as well as the dynamic emergence of the private sector has gradually resulted in a diverse universe of actors operating in outer space. The said developments created an increased adverse impact on outer space sustainability as the case of the growing number of space debris clearly demonstrates. The above landscape sustains considerable threats to outer space environment and its operators that need to be addressed by a combination of scientific-technological measures and regulatory interventions. In this context, recourse to recent technological advancements and, in particular, to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning systems, could achieve exponential results in promoting space traffic management with respect to collision avoidance as well as launch and re-entry procedures/phases. New technologies can support the prospects of a successful space traffic management system at an international scale by enabling, inter alia, timely, accurate and analytical processing of large data sets and rapid decision-making, more precise space debris identification and tracking and overall minimization of collision risks and reduction of operational costs. What is more, a significant part of space activities (i.e. launch and/or re-entry phase) takes place in airspace rather than in outer space, hence the overall discussion also involves the highly developed, both technically and legally, international (and national) Air Traffic Management System (ATM). Nonetheless, from a regulatory perspective, the use of AI for the purposes of space traffic management puts forward implications that merit particular attention. Key issues in this regard include the delimitation of AI-based activities as space activities, the designation of the applicable legal regime (international space or air law, national law), the assessment of the nature and extent of international legal obligations regarding space traffic coordination, as well as the appropriate liability regime applicable to AI-based technologies when operating for space traffic coordination, taking into particular consideration the dense regulatory developments at EU level. In addition, the prospects of institutionalizing international cooperation and promoting an international governance system, together with the challenges of establishment of a comprehensive international STM regime are revisited in the light of intervention of AI technologies. This paper aims at examining regulatory implications advanced by the use of AI technology in the context of space traffic management operations and its key correlating concepts (SSA, space debris mitigation) drawing in particular on international and regional considerations in the field of STM (e.g. UNCOPUOS, International Academy of Astronautics, European Space Agency, among other actors), the promising advancements of the EU approach to AI regulation and, last but not least, national approaches regarding the use of AI in the context of space traffic management, in toto. Acknowledgment: The present work was co-funded by the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning " (NSRF 2014-2020), under the call "Supporting Researchers with an Emphasis on Young Researchers – Cycle B" (MIS: 5048145). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20traffic%20management" title=" space traffic management"> space traffic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20situational%20awareness" title=" space situational awareness"> space situational awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20debris" title=" space debris"> space debris</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134029/the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-context-of-a-space-traffic-management-system-legal-aspects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastics%20debris&page=3" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastics%20debris&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastics%20debris&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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