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<span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ماكسيمليان الثاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماكسيمليان الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Maksimillian" title="II Maksimillian – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Maksimillian" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="ایکینجی ماکسیمیلیان (ایمپیراتور) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی ماکسیمیلیان (ایمپیراتور)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_2-s%C3%A8" title="Maximilian 2-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Maximilian 2-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_(%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Максимилиан II (Изге Рим империяһы императоры) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Максимилиан II (Изге Рим империяһы императоры)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD_II_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Максіміліян II Габсбург – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Максіміліян II Габсбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Максимилиан II (Свещена Римска империя) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Максимилиан II (Свещена Римска империя)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksimilijan_II,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Maksimilijan II, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Maksimilijan II, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masimilian_II_an_Impalaeriezh_Santel" title="Masimilian II an Impalaeriezh Santel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Masimilian II an Impalaeriezh Santel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximili%C3%A0_II_del_Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Maximilià II del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maximilià II del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxmili%C3%A1n_II._Habsbursk%C3%BD" title="Maxmilián II. Habsburský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maxmilián II. Habsburský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Ymerawdwr_Gl%C3%A2n_Rhufeinig" title="Maximilian II, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maximilian II, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_2._(Tysk-romerske_rige)" title="Maximilian 2. (Tysk-romerske rige) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maximilian 2. (Tysk-romerske rige)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II._(HRR)" title="Maximilian II. (HRR) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maximilian II. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)" title="Maximilian II (Saksa-Rooma keiser) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maximilian II (Saksa-Rooma keiser)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μαξιμιλιανός Β΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαξιμιλιανός Β΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximiliano_II_de_Habsburgo" title="Maximiliano II de Habsburgo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Maximiliano II de Habsburgo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksimiliano_la_2-a_(Sankta_Romia_Imperio)" title="Maksimiliano la 2-a (Sankta Romia Imperio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maksimiliano la 2-a (Sankta Romia Imperio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximiliano_II.a_Germaniako_Erromatar_Inperio_Santukoa" title="Maximiliano II.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maximiliano II.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="ماکسیمیلیان دوم، امپراتور مقدس روم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماکسیمیلیان دوم، امپراتور مقدس روم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilien_II_(empereur_du_Saint-Empire)" title="Maximilien II (empereur du Saint-Empire) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maximilien II (empereur du Saint-Empire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximiliano_II,_Sacro_Emperador_Romano-Xerm%C3%A1nico" title="Maximiliano II, Sacro Emperador Romano-Xermánico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Maximiliano II, Sacro Emperador Romano-Xermánico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EC%8B%9C%EB%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%88_2%EC%84%B8_(%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C)" title="막시밀리안 2세 (신성 로마 황제) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="막시밀리안 2세 (신성 로마 황제)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6_II" title="Մաքսիմիլիան II – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաքսիմիլիան II" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksimilijan_II.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Maksimilijan II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Maksimilijan II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Kaisar_Romawi_Suci" title="Maximilian II, Kaisar Romawi Suci – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maximilian II, Kaisar Romawi Suci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massimiliano_II_d%27Asburgo" title="Massimiliano II d'Asburgo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Massimiliano II d'Asburgo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="מקסימיליאן השני, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקסימיליאן השני, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_II_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="მაქსიმილიან II (სრი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაქსიმილიან II (სრი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizari_Maximilian_II" title="Kaizari Maximilian II – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaizari Maximilian II" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilianus_II" title="Maximilianus II – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maximilianus II" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksimili%C4%81ns_II_H%C4%81bsburgs" title="Maksimiliāns II Hābsburgs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maksimiliāns II Hābsburgs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II._(HRR)" title="Maximilian II. (HRR) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Maximilian II. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miksa_magyar_kir%C3%A1ly" title="Miksa magyar király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Miksa magyar király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Максимилијан II (Свето Римско Царство) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Максимилијан II (Свето Римско Царство)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F)" title="मॅक्सिमिलियन दुसरा (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅक्सिमिलियन दुसरा (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ماكسيمليان التاني – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماكسيمليان التاني" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer_Maximiliaan_II" title="Keizer Maximiliaan II – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizer Maximiliaan II" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B32%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="マクシミリアン2世 (神聖ローマ皇帝) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マクシミリアン2世 (神聖ローマ皇帝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike" title="Maximilian II av Det tysk-romerske rike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maximilian II av Det tysk-romerske rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II_av_Det_tysk-romerske_riket" title="Maximilian II av Det tysk-romerske riket – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Maximilian II av Det tysk-romerske riket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II._(HRR)" title="Maximilian II. (HRR) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Maximilian II. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksymilian_II_Habsburg" title="Maksymilian II Habsburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maksymilian II Habsburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximiliano_II_do_Sacro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico" title="Maximiliano II do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maximiliano II do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_al_II-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Maximilian al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Maximilian al II-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Максимилиан II (император Священной Римской империи) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Максимилиан II (император Священной Римской империи)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Haly_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Haly Roman Emperor – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Maximilian II, Haly Roman Emperor" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximili%C3%A1n_II._(Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Maximilián II. (Svätá rímska ríša) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maximilián II. (Svätá rímska ríša)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksimilijan_II._Habsbur%C5%A1ki" title="Maksimilijan II. Habsburški – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maksimilijan II. Habsburški" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_II,_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Максимилијан II, цар Светог римског царства – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Максимилијан II, цар Светог римског царства" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksimilijan_II.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Maksimilijan II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maksimilijan II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksimilian_II" title="Maksimilian II – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maksimilian II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II_(tysk-romersk_kejsare)" title="Maximilian II (tysk-romersk kejsare) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maximilian II (tysk-romersk kejsare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรพรรดิมัคซีมีลีอานที่ 2 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิมัคซีมีลีอานที่ 2 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Maximilian_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="II. Maximilian (Kutsal Roma imparatoru) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Maximilian (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Максиміліан II – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Максиміліан II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%C3%A1nh_ch%E1%BA%BF_La_M%C3%A3" title="Maximilian II của Thánh chế La Mã – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Maximilian II của Thánh chế La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximiliaan_II" title="Maximiliaan II – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Maximiliaan II" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%89" title="马克西米利安二世（神圣罗马帝国） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马克西米利安二世（神圣罗马帝国）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E9%80%A3%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="馬克西米連二世 (神聖羅馬帝國) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬克西米連二世 (神聖羅馬帝國)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="马克西米利安二世 (神圣罗马帝国) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马克西米利安二世 (神圣罗马帝国)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 to 1576</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Maximilian II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Imperator_Romanorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperator Romanorum">Imperator Romanorum</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg/220px-Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg/330px-Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg/440px-Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1432" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Neufchâtel">Nicolas Neufchâtel</a>, c. 1566</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<a href="#Regnal_titles">more...</a>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">25 July 1564 – <span class="nowrap">12 October 1576</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">31 July 1527<br /><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">12 October 1576<span style="display:none">(1576-10-12)</span> (aged 49)<br /><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Imperial City of Regensburg</a>, Holy Roman Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Vitus_Cathedral" title="St. Vitus Cathedral">St. Vitus Cathedral</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress">Maria of Austria</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="13 September 1548">1548</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Marriage_and_children">more...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain" title="Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain">Anna, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria">Archduke Ernest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Austria,_Queen_of_France" title="Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France">Elisabeth, Queen of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_III,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria">Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert VII, Archduke of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wenceslaus_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria">Archduke Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria_(1567%E2%80%931633)" title="Archduchess Margaret of Austria (1567–1633)">Archduchess Margaret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna of Bohemia and Hungary">Anna of Bohemia and Hungary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maximilian II's signature"><img alt="Maximilian II's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Signature_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/125px-Signature_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Signature_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/188px-Signature_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Signature_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/250px-Signature_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="167" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maximilian II</b> (31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576) was <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> from 1564 until his death in 1576. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Austrian</a> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a>, he was crowned <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">King of Bohemia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> on 14 May 1562 and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_election_of_1562" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial election of 1562">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>) on 24 November 1562. On 8 September 1563, he was crowned <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Croatia</a> in the Hungarian capital <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Pressburg</a> (Pozsony in Hungarian; now Bratislava, Slovakia). On 25 July 1564, he succeeded his father <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> as Holy Roman Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maximilian's rule was shaped by the <a href="/wiki/Confessionalization" title="Confessionalization">confessionalization</a> process after the 1555 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg" title="Peace of Augsburg">Peace of Augsburg</a>. Though a Habsburg and a Catholic, he approached the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> Imperial <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Estate" title="Imperial Estate">estates</a> with a view to overcome the denominational schism, which ultimately failed. He also was faced with the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a> and rising conflicts with his <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spanish Habsburg</a> cousins. </p><p>According to Fichtner, Maximilian failed to achieve his three major aims: rationalizing the government structure, unifying Christianity, and evicting the Turks from Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter Marshall opines that it is wrong to dismiss Maximilian as a failure. According to Marshall, through his <a href="/wiki/Religious_tolerance" title="Religious tolerance">religious tolerance</a> as well as his encouragement of arts and sciences, he succeeded in maintaining a precarious peace.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Special:EditPage/Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Maximilian+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor%22">"Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Maximilian+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Maximilian+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Maximilian+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Maximilian+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Maximilian+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Maximilian was born in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Austria</a>, the second child and eldest son of the Habsburg King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a>, younger brother of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellonian</a> Princess <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" title="Anne of Bohemia and Hungary">Anne of Bohemia and Hungary</a> (1503–1547).<sup id="cite_ref-Mutschlechner_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mutschlechner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named after his great-grandfather, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a>. At the time of his birth, his father Ferdinand succeeded his brother-in-law King <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis II</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Kingdom of Hungary</a>, greatly expanding the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakob_Seisenegger_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jakob_Seisenegger_007.jpg/220px-Jakob_Seisenegger_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jakob_Seisenegger_007.jpg/330px-Jakob_Seisenegger_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jakob_Seisenegger_007.jpg/440px-Jakob_Seisenegger_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>Maximilian and his younger brothers Ferdinand II and John, painting by <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Seisenegger" title="Jakob Seisenegger">Jakob Seisenegger</a>, 1539</figcaption></figure> <p>Having spent his childhood years at his father's court in <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">Tyrol</a>, Maximilian was educated principally in Italy. Among his teachers were <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanist</a> scholars like <a href="/wiki/Kaspar_Ursinus_Velius" title="Kaspar Ursinus Velius">Kaspar Ursinus Velius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Tannstetter" title="Georg Tannstetter">Georg Tannstetter</a>. He also came in contact with the Lutheran teaching and early on corresponded with the Protestant prince <a href="/wiki/Augustus,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Augustus, Elector of Saxony">Augustus of Saxony</a>. From the age of 17, he gained some experience of warfare during the <a href="/wiki/Italian_War_of_1542%E2%80%9346" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian War of 1542–46">Italian War</a> campaign of his uncle <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> against King <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a> in 1544, and also during the <a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_War" title="Schmalkaldic War">Schmalkaldic War</a>. Upon Charles' victory in the 1547 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%BChlberg" title="Battle of Mühlberg">Battle of Mühlberg</a>, Maximilian put in a good word for the <a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_League" title="Schmalkaldic League">Schmalkaldic</a> leaders, Elector <a href="/wiki/John_Frederick_I,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony">John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_I,_Landgrave_of_Hesse" title="Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse">Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse</a>, and soon began to take part in Imperial business. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heir_apparent">Heir apparent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Heir apparent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 13 September 1548 Emperor Charles V married Maximilian to Charles's daughter (Maximilian's cousin) <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress">Maria of Spain</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mutschlechner_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mutschlechner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a> residence of <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>. By the marriage his uncle intended to strengthen the ties with the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs, but also to consolidate his nephew's Catholic faith. Maximilian temporarily acted as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_regents" title="List of Spanish regents">emperor's representative in Spain</a>, however not as <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">stadtholder</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a> as he had hoped for. To his indignation, King Ferdinand appointed his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II</a> administrator in the Kingdom of Bohemia, nevertheless Maximilian's right of succession as the future king was recognised in 1549. He returned to Germany in December 1550 in order to take part in the discussion over the Imperial succession. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Scrots_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/William_Scrots_001.jpg/220px-William_Scrots_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/William_Scrots_001.jpg/330px-William_Scrots_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/William_Scrots_001.jpg/440px-William_Scrots_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="1393" /></a><figcaption>Archduke Maximilian, portrait by <a href="/wiki/William_Scrots" title="William Scrots">William Scrots</a>, about 1544</figcaption></figure> <p>Maximilian's relations with his uncle worsened, as Charles V, again embattled by rebellious Protestant princes led by Elector <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Saxony">Maurice of Saxony</a>, wished his son <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> to succeed him as emperor. However, Charles' brother Ferdinand, who had already been <a href="/wiki/1531_imperial_election" title="1531 imperial election">elected</a> as the next occupant of the imperial throne, and his son Maximilian objected to this proposal. Maximilian sought the support of the German <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes of the Holy Roman Empire">princes</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Albert_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert V, Duke of Bavaria">Albert V, Duke of Bavaria</a> and even contacted Protestant leaders like Maurice of Saxony and <a href="/wiki/Christoph,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Christoph, Duke of Württemberg">Christoph, Duke of Württemberg</a>. At length a compromise was reached: Philip was to succeed Ferdinand, but during the former's reign Maximilian, as <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>, was to govern Germany. This arrangement was not carried out, and is only important because the insistence of the emperor seriously disturbed the harmonious relations that had hitherto existed between the two branches of the Habsburg family; an illness that befell Maximilian in 1552 was attributed to poison given to him in the interests of his cousin and brother-in-law, Philip II of Spain. </p><p>The relationship between the two cousins was uneasy. While Philip had been raised a Spaniard and barely travelled out of the kingdom during his life, Maximilian identified himself as the quintessential German prince and often displayed a strong dislike of Spaniards, whom he considered as intolerant and arrogant.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While his cousin was reserved and shy, Maximilian was outgoing and charismatic. His adherence to humanism and religious tolerance put him at odds with Philip who was more committed to the defence of the Catholic faith.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, he was considered a promising commander, while Philip disliked war and only once personally commanded an army. Nonetheless, the two remained committed to the unity of their dynasty. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stallburg_-_Vienna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Stallburg_-_Vienna.jpg/220px-Stallburg_-_Vienna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Stallburg_-_Vienna.jpg/330px-Stallburg_-_Vienna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Stallburg_-_Vienna.jpg/440px-Stallburg_-_Vienna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><i>Stallburg</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1551 Maximilian attended the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> and the next year took up his residence at the <a href="/wiki/Hofburg" title="Hofburg">Hofburg</a> palace in Vienna, celebrated by a triumphal return into the city with a large entourage including the elephant <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_(elephant)" title="Suleiman (elephant)">Suleiman</a>. While his father Ferdinand concluded the 1552 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Passau" title="Peace of Passau">Treaty of Passau</a> with the Protestant estates and finally reached the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg" title="Peace of Augsburg">Peace of Augsburg</a> in 1555, Maximilian was engaged mainly in the government of the <a href="/wiki/Erblande" title="Erblande">Austrian hereditary lands</a> and in defending them against <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> incursions. In Vienna, he had his Hofburg residence extended with the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Stallburg" title="Stallburg">Stallburg</a></i> wing, the site of the later <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Riding_School" title="Spanish Riding School">Spanish Riding School</a>, and also ordered the construction of <a href="/wiki/Neugeb%C3%A4ude_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Neugebäude Palace">Neugebäude Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Simmering_(Vienna)" title="Simmering (Vienna)">Simmering</a>. In the 1550s, Vienna had more than 50,000 inhabitants, making it the largest city in Central Europe with Prague and before Nuremberg (40,000 inhabitants). </p><p>The religious views of the future King of Bohemia had always been somewhat uncertain, and he had probably learned something of <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> in his youth; but his amicable relations with several Protestant princes, which began about the time of the discussion over the succession, were probably due more to political than to religious considerations. However, in Vienna he became very intimate with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebastian_Pfauser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastian Pfauser (page does not exist)">Sebastian Pfauser</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Pfauser" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Sebastian Pfauser">de</a>]</span>, a court preacher influenced by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Bullinger" title="Heinrich Bullinger">Heinrich Bullinger</a> with strong leanings towards Lutheranism, and his religious attitude caused some uneasiness to his father. Fears were freely expressed that he would definitely leave the Catholic Church, and when his father Ferdinand became emperor in 1558 he was prepared to assure <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_IV" title="Pope Paul IV">Pope Paul IV</a> that his son should not succeed him if he took this step. Eventually Maximilian remained nominally an adherent of the older faith, although his views were tinged with Lutheranism until the end of his life. After several refusals he consented in 1560 to the banishment of Pfauser, and began again to attend the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Mass">Masses</a> of the Catholic Church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reign">Reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1562 Maximilian was <a href="/wiki/1562_imperial_election" title="1562 imperial election">chosen King of the Romans</a>, or German king, by the <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">electoral college</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mutschlechner_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mutschlechner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, where he was crowned a few days later, after assuring the Catholic electors of his fidelity to their faith, and promising the Protestant electors that he would publicly accept the confession of Augsburg when he became emperor. He also took the usual oath to protect the Church, and his election was afterwards confirmed by the papacy. He was the first King of the Romans not to be crowned in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>. In September 1563 he was crowned King of Hungary by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Esztergom%E2%80%93Budapest" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest">Archbishop of Esztergom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Olahus" title="Nicolaus Olahus">Nicolaus Olahus</a>, and on his father's death, in July 1564, he succeeded to the empire and to the kingdoms of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia. </p><p>The new emperor had already shown that he believed in the necessity for a thorough reform of the Church. He was unable, however, to obtain the consent of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a> to the marriage of the clergy, and in 1568 the concession of communion in both kinds to the laity was withdrawn. On his part Maximilian granted religious liberty to the Lutheran nobles and knights in Austria, and refused to allow the publication of the decrees of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a>. Amidst general expectations on the part of the Protestants he met his first summoned <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Augsburg" title="Diet of Augsburg">Diet of Augsburg</a> in March 1566. He refused to accede to the demands of the Lutheran princes; on the other hand, although the increase of sectarianism was discussed, no decisive steps were taken to suppress it, and the only result of the meeting was a grant of assistance for the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">war with the Turks</a>, which had just been renewed. Maximilian gathered a large army and marched to fight the Ottomans. The Ottomans <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Szigetv%C3%A1r" title="Siege of Szigetvár">besieged and conquered Szigetvár</a> in 1566, but their <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>, died of old age during the siege. With neither side winning a decisive engagement, Maximilian's ambassadors <a href="/wiki/Antun_Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Antun Vrančić">Antun Vrančić</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christoph_Teuffenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christoph Teuffenbach (page does not exist)">Christoph Teuffenbach</a> met with the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> <a href="/wiki/Sokollu_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Sokollu Mehmed Pasha">Sokollu Mehmed Pasha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Adrianople</a> to negotiate a truce in 1568. The terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Adrianople_(1568)" title="Treaty of Adrianople (1568)">Treaty of Adrianople</a> required the emperor to recognise Ottoman suzerainty over <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hungarian_Kingdom" title="Eastern Hungarian Kingdom">Transylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maximilian_II_of_Austria_(1527-1576),_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Maximilian_II_of_Austria_%281527-1576%29%2C_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola.jpg/220px-Maximilian_II_of_Austria_%281527-1576%29%2C_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Maximilian_II_of_Austria_%281527-1576%29%2C_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola.jpg/330px-Maximilian_II_of_Austria_%281527-1576%29%2C_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Maximilian_II_of_Austria_%281527-1576%29%2C_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola.jpg/440px-Maximilian_II_of_Austria_%281527-1576%29%2C_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1409" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption>Maximilian II (<a href="/wiki/Sofonisba_Anguissola" title="Sofonisba Anguissola">Sofonisba Anguissola</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1580</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Meanwhile, the relations between Maximilian and Philip of Spain had improved, and the emperor's increasingly cautious and moderate attitude in religious matters was doubtless because the death of Philip's son, <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, Prince of Asturias">Don Carlos</a>, had opened the way for the succession of Maximilian, or of one of his sons, to the Spanish throne. Evidence of this friendly feeling was given in 1570, when the emperor's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Austria_(1549-1580)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna of Austria (1549-1580)">Anna</a>, became the fourth wife of Philip; but Maximilian was unable to moderate the harsh proceedings of the Spanish king against the revolting inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. In 1570 the emperor met the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Speyer_(1570)" title="Diet of Speyer (1570)">Diet of Speyer</a> and asked for aid to place his <a href="/wiki/Military_Frontier" title="Military Frontier">eastern borders</a> in a state of defence, and also for power to repress the disorder caused by troops in the service of foreign powers passing through Germany. He proposed that his consent should be necessary before any soldiers for foreign service were recruited in the empire; but the estates were unwilling to strengthen the imperial authority, the Protestant princes regarded the suggestion as an attempt to prevent them from assisting their co-religionists in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Netherlands</a>, and nothing was done in this direction, although some assistance was voted for the defense of Austria. The religious demands of the Protestants were still unsatisfied, while the policy of toleration had failed to give peace to Austria. Maximilian's power was very limited; it was inability rather than unwillingness that prevented him from yielding to the entreaties of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> to join in an attack on the Turks both before and after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto_(1571)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lepanto (1571)">victory of Lepanto</a> in 1571; and he remained inert while the authority of the empire in north-eastern Europe was threatened. </p><p>In 1576, Maximilian was <a href="/wiki/1576_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_royal_election" title="1576 Polish–Lithuanian royal election">elected</a> by the part of Polish and Lithuanian magnates to be the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Poland">King of Poland</a> in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Batory" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Batory">Stephan IV Bathory</a>, but he did not manage to become widely accepted there and was forced to leave Poland. </p><p>Maximilian died on 12 October 1576 in <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> while preparing to invade Poland. On his deathbed he refused to receive the last sacraments of the Church. He is buried in <a href="/wiki/St._Vitus_Cathedral" title="St. Vitus Cathedral">St. Vitus Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>. </p><p>By his wife Maria he had a family of ten sons and six daughters. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf</a>, who had been chosen king of the Romans in October 1575. Another of his sons, <a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a>, also became emperor; three others, <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria">Ernest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_III,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria">Maximilian</a>, took some part in the government of the Habsburg territories or of the Netherlands. His eldest daughter, Anna, married Philip II of Spain. Another daughter, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Austria,_Queen_of_France" title="Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France">Elizabeth</a>, married <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX of France</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_policies">Religious policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religious policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maximilian's policies of religious neutrality and peace in the empire afforded its <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestants</a> a breathing space after the first struggles of the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>. His reign also saw the high point of Protestantism in Austria and Bohemia and unlike his successors, Maximilian did not try to suppress it. </p><p>He disappointed the German Protestant <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">princes</a> by his refusal to invest <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_administrator#Administrators_of_prince-bishoprics" title="Diocesan administrator">Lutheran administrators</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prince-bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-bishopric">prince-bishoprics</a> with their imperial fiefs. Yet on a personal basis he granted freedom of worship to the Protestant nobility and worked for reform in the Roman Catholic Church, including the right of priests to marry. This failed because of <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spanish</a> opposition. </p><p>Maximilian II was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patronage_of_arts_and_sciences">Patronage of arts and sciences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Patronage of arts and sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> and Maximilian II, the imperial court itself became the centre of <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanist</a> scholarship. The court held close ties to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> but the university, that reached its summit under <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a>, had been severely diminished due to wars and civil disturbances.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his court, Catholic and Prostestant scholars equally thrived. Many artists and scholars came from Spain, Italy and Spanish Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maximilian employed scholars like the botanist <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Clusius" title="Carolus Clusius">Carolus Clusius</a> and the diplomat <a href="/wiki/Ogier_Ghiselin_de_Busbecq" title="Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq">Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq</a>. Maximilian's library curated by <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Blotius" title="Hugo Blotius">Hugo Blotius</a> later became the nucleus of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_National_Library" title="Austrian National Library">Austrian National Library</a>. He implemented the <a href="/wiki/Roman_School" title="Roman School">Roman School</a> of composition with his court orchestra, however, his plans to win <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Kapellmeister" title="Kapellmeister">Kapellmeister</a></i> foundered on financial reasons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_children">Marriage and children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marriage and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Arcimboldi_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Giuseppe_Arcimboldi_003.jpg/220px-Giuseppe_Arcimboldi_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Giuseppe_Arcimboldi_003.jpg/330px-Giuseppe_Arcimboldi_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Giuseppe_Arcimboldi_003.jpg/440px-Giuseppe_Arcimboldi_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="1798" /></a><figcaption>Maximilian II with his family in 1553, by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Arcimboldo" title="Giuseppe Arcimboldo">Giuseppe Arcimboldo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 13 September 1548, Maximilian married his first cousin <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress">Maria of Spain</a>, daughter of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Portugal" title="Isabella of Portugal">Isabella of Portugal</a>. Despite Maria's commitment to <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a> and her strong <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> manners, the marriage was a happy one. The couple had sixteen children in just nineteen years, but only nine of them lived to adulthood: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain" title="Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain">Anna</a> (1 November 1549 – 26 October 1580), who became queen of Spain</li> <li>Ferdinand (28 March 1551 – 25 June 1552), who died in early childhood.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf</a> (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612), who became emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria">Ernest</a> (15 July 1553 – 12 February 1595), who served as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Habsburg_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands">governor of the Habsburg Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Austria,_Queen_of_France" title="Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France">Elisabeth</a> (5 July 1554 – 22 January 1592), who became queen of France</li> <li>Marie (27 July 1555 – 25 June 1556), who died in infancy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a> (24 February 1557 – 20 March 1619), who became emperor</li> <li>A stillborn son (20 October 1557)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_III,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria">Maximilian</a> (12 October 1558 – 2 November 1618), who served as grandmaster of the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a> and administrator of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert</a> (15 November 1559 – 13 July 1621), who served as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wenceslaus_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria">Wenceslaus</a> (9 March 1561 – 22 September 1578)</li> <li>Frederick (21 June 1562 – 16 January 1563), who died in infancy</li> <li>Marie (19 February 1564 – 26 March 1564), who died in infancy</li> <li>Charles (26 September 1565 – 23 May 1566), who died in infancy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria_(1567%E2%80%931633)" title="Archduchess Margaret of Austria (1567–1633)">Margaret</a> (25 January 1567 – 5 July 1633), a nun</li> <li>Eleanor (4 November 1568 – 12 March 1580), who died in childhood</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;">Heraldry of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria_(1527%E2%80%931576).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria_%281527%E2%80%931576%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria_%281527%E2%80%931576%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria_%281527%E2%80%931576%29.svg/270px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria_%281527%E2%80%931576%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria_%281527%E2%80%931576%29.svg/360px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria_%281527%E2%80%931576%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1240" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg/270px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg/360px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/200px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/300px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/400px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="1271" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coat of arms as Archduke of Austria<br /><small>(1527–1576)</small> </td> <td>Coat of arms as King of the Romans<br /><small>(1562–1576)</small> </td> <td>Coat of arms as Holy Roman Emperor<br /><small>(1564–1576)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Maximilian II figures in <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a>'s 2008 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Elephant%27s_Journey" title="The Elephant's Journey">The Elephant's Journey</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Germany_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Germany family tree">Kings of Germany family tree</a>. He was related to every other king of Germany.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maximilian II. (2009). In <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> Retrieved 20 May 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/370517/Maximilian-II">https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/370517/Maximilian-II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paula Sutter Fichtner, <i>Historical dictionary of Austria</i> ( 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paula Sutter Fichtner, <i>Emperor Maximilian II</i> (2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2013" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Peter (28 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5XoPAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12"><i>The Mercurial Emperor: The Magic Circle of Rudolf II in Renaissance Prague</i></a>. Random House. pp. 10–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4464-2664-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4464-2664-7"><bdi>978-1-4464-2664-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mercurial+Emperor%3A+The+Magic+Circle+of+Rudolf+II+in+Renaissance+Prague&rft.pages=10-12&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2013-11-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4464-2664-7&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5XoPAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mutschlechner-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mutschlechner_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mutschlechner_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mutschlechner_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/maximilian-ii-caught-between-competing-priorities-vienna-prague-and-madrid">Mutschlechner, Martin. "Maximilian II: caught between the competing priorities of Vienna, Prague and Madrid", Die Welt der Habsburger</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Spain under Philip II</i>, Perez</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>History of the Habsburg Empire</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_B%C3%A9renger" title="Jean Bérenger">Jean Bérenger</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFulton2016" class="citation book cs1">Fulton, Elaine (5 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FUmoDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT46"><i>Catholic Belief and Survival in Late Sixteenth-Century Vienna: The Case of Georg Eder (1523–87)</i></a>. Routledge. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-95311-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-95311-5"><bdi>978-1-351-95311-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Belief+and+Survival+in+Late+Sixteenth-Century+Vienna%3A+The+Case+of+Georg+Eder+%281523%E2%80%9387%29&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.isbn=978-1-351-95311-5&rft.aulast=Fulton&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFUmoDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanssen1909" class="citation book cs1">Janssen, Johannes (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H4dDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA213"><i>History of the German People at the Close of the Middle Ages</i></a>. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Company, Limited. p. 213<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+German+People+at+the+Close+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=K.+Paul%2C+Trench%2C+Tr%C3%BCbner%2C+%26+Company%2C+Limited&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Janssen&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH4dDAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRacautRyrie2017" class="citation book cs1">Racaut, Luc; Ryrie, Alec (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aAskDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT223"><i>Moderate Voices in the European Reformation</i></a>. Routledge. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-91705-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-91705-6"><bdi>978-1-351-91705-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moderate+Voices+in+the+European+Reformation&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.isbn=978-1-351-91705-6&rft.aulast=Racaut&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft.au=Ryrie%2C+Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaAskDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaximilian+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fichtner, Paula Sutter. <i>Emperor Maximilian II</i> (Yale University Press, 2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30008-527-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30008-527-3">978-0-30008-527-3</a></li> <li>Fichtner, Paula Sutter. <i>Historical Dictionary of Austria</i> (Scarecrow Press, 2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81085-592-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81085-592-2">978-0-81085-592-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media 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margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 12 October 1576</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="3">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">King of Bohemia</a> </b><br />1562–1576<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></i> <i> (1562–1564)</i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Croatia">Croatia</a> </b><br />1563–1576<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></i> <i> (1563–1564)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Archduke_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke of Austria">Archduke of Austria</a> </b><br />1564–1576 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Template:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Template talk:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holy_Roman_emperors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman emperors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Category:Holy Roman Emperors">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Bohemia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Template:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Bohemia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs" title="List of Bohemian monarchs">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Bohemia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">Přemyslid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">Legendary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lech,_Czech,_and_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Lech, Czech, and Rus'">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Krok" title="Duke Krok">Krok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libu%C5%A1e" title="Libuše">Libuše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emysl_the_Ploughman" title="Přemysl the Ploughman">Přemysl the Ploughman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valasca" title="Valasca">Valasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nezamysl" title="Nezamysl">Nezamysl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnata" title="Mnata">Mnata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojen" title="Vojen">Vojen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vnislav" title="Vnislav">Vnislav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%99esomysl" title="Křesomysl">Křesomysl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neklan" title="Neklan">Neklan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostiv%C3%ADt" title="Hostivít">Hostivít</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 870–1198 (Dukes)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%99ivoj_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia">Bořivoj I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spytihn%C4%9Bv_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Spytihněv I, Duke of Bohemia">Spytihněv I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratislaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Vratislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Saint Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivoj,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladivoj, Duke of Bohemia">Vladivoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I_the_Brave" title="Bolesław I the Brave">Boleslaus the Brave</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarom%C3%ADr,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Jaromír, Duke of Bohemia">Jaromír</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old%C5%99ich,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Oldřich, Duke of Bohemia">Oldřich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislav_I" title="Bretislav I">Bretislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spytihn%C4%9Bv_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Spytihněv II, Duke of Bohemia">Spytihněv II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratislaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vratislaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Vratislaus II</a> (I)<sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Conrad I, Duke of Bohemia">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislav_II" title="Bretislav II">Bretislaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%99ivoj_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia">Bořivoj II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svatopluk,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Svatopluk, Duke of Bohemia">Svatopluk the Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sob%C4%9Bslav_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Soběslav I, Duke of Bohemia">Sobeslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus II</a> (I)<sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Frederick, Duke of Bohemia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sob%C4%9Bslav_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Soběslav II, Duke of Bohemia">Sobeslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Frederick, Duke of Bohemia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia">Conrad II Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_I_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar I of Bohemia">Ottokar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretislaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Henry Bretislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus III Henry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1198–1306 (Kings)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_I_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar I of Bohemia">Ottokar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I of Bohemia">Wenceslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/100px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/150px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/200px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="526" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1306–1310" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1306–1310</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Bohemia" title="Henry of Bohemia">Henry the Carinthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Bohemia" title="Rudolf I of Bohemia">Rudolph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1310–1437" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1310–1437</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1437–1457" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1437–1457</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#999">Interregnum</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus the Posthumous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1457–1471" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1457–1471</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_of_Pod%C4%9Bbrady" title="George of Poděbrady">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias I</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellonian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1471–1526" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1471–1526</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Vladislaus II of Hungary">Vladislaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1526–1780" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1526–1780</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maximilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick V, Elector Palatine">Frederick</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles Albert</a> (II)<sup><small>3,</small></sup> <sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lorraine" title="House of Lorraine">Habsburg-Lorraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1780–1918" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1780–1918</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles I</a> (III)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">Duke of Poland</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Piast_dynasty" title="Piast dynasty">Piast dynasty</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>2</small></sup></span> During his reign obtained non-hereditary royal title</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>3</small></sup></span> Antiking</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>4</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Electoral_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Electoral Palatinate">Elector Palatine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach dynasty">Wittelsbach dynasty</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>5</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> from the Wittelsbach dynasty</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">Monarchs of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> during the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a> (843–911)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis the Child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (911–919)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> (919–962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Germany" title="Conrad I of Germany">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria">Arnulf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> within the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (962–1806)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden" title="Rudolf of Rheinfelden">Rudolf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermann_of_Salm" title="Hermann of Salm">Hermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair II/III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Berengar" title="Henry Berengar">Henry (VI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Raspe" title="Henry Raspe">Henry (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Holland" title="William II of Holland">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Cornwall" title="Richard of Cornwall">Richard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Adolf, King of the Romans">Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Schwarzburg" title="Günther von Schwarzburg">Günther</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Rupert, King of the Romans">Rupert</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> (1806–1813)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1815–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="German Empire (1848–1849)">German Empire</a> (1848/1849)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a> <small>(Imperial Regent)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1850–1866)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> (1867–1871)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1871–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">William II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Austria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Austria" title="Template:Monarchs of Austria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Austria" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Austria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Austria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Austria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Austria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Austria">Monarchs of Austria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Babenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Babenberg">House of Babenberg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold I, Margrave of Austria">Leopold I the Illustrious</a> <small>(976–994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Henry I, Margrave of Austria">Henry I the Strong</a> <small>(994–1018)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Adalbert, Margrave of Austria">Adalbert the Victorious</a> <small>(1018–1055)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Ernest, Margrave of Austria">Ernest the Brave</a> <small>(1055–1075)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold II, Margrave of Austria">Leopold II the Fair</a> <small>(1075–1095)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Margrave of Austria">Leopold III the Good</a> <small>(1095–1136)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Leopold, Duke of Bavaria">Leopold the Generous</a> <small>(1137–1141)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Henry II, Duke of Austria">Henry II Jasomirgott</a> <small>(1141–1177)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Duke of Austria">Leopold V the Virtuous</a> <small>(1177–1194)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Austria_(Babenberg)" title="Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg)">Frederick I the Catholic</a> <small>(1195–1198)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_VI,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold VI, Duke of Austria">Leopold VI the Glorious</a> <small>(1198–1230)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick II, Duke of Austria">Frederick II the Quarrelsome</a> <small>(1230–1246)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">Interregnum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_III_of_Moravia" title="Vladislaus III of Moravia">Vladislaus of Moravia</a> <small>(claimant 1246–1247)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_VI,_Margrave_of_Baden" title="Herman VI, Margrave of Baden">Herman VI of Baden</a> <small>(claimant 1248–1250)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Margrave_of_Baden" title="Frederick I, Margrave of Baden">Frederick I of Baden</a> <small>(claimant 1250–1268)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II of Bohemia</a> <small>(claimant 1251–1278)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /><small>Austria</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a> <small>(1278–1282)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a> <small>(1282–1308)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf II, Duke of Austria">Rudolf II the Debonair</a> <small>(1282–1283)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Bohemia" title="Rudolf I of Bohemia">Rudolf III the Good</a> <small>(1298–1307)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick I the Fair</a> <small>(1308–1330)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold I, Duke of Austria">Leopold I the Glorious</a> <small>(1308–1326)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert II, Duke of Austria">Albert II the Wise</a> <small>(1330–1358)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Otto, Duke of Austria">Otto I the Merry</a> <small>(1330–1339)</small></li> <li>Frederick II <small>(1339–1344)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold II, Duke of Austria">Leopold II</a> <small>(1339–1344)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV the Founder</a> <small>(1358–1365)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold III the Just</a> <small>(1365-1379)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert III, Duke of Austria">Albert III the Pigtail</a> <small>(1365-1395)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert IV, Duke of Austria">Albert IV the Patient</a> <small>(1395-1404)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert V</a> <small>(1404–1439)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus I the Posthumous</a> <small>(1440–1457)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick V the Peaceful</a> <small>(1457–1493)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I the Last Knight</a> <small>(1493–1519)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1519–1521)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1521–1564)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maximilian II</a> <small>(1564–1576)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf V</a> <small>(1576–1608)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a> <small>(1608–1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert VII</a> <small>(1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> <small>(1590, 1619–1637)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand IV</a> <small>(1637–1657)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Archduke of Austria">Leopold V</a> <small>(1623–1632)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Charles,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand Charles</a> <small>(1632–1662)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Francis,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund Francis</a> <small>(1662–1665)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VI</a> <small>(1657, 1665–1705)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a> <small>(1705–1711)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a> <small>(1711–1740)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> <small>(1740–1780)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I Stephen</a> <small>(1740–1765)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> <small>(1765–1790)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VII</a> <small>(1790–1792)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a> <small>(1792–1835)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1835–1848)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph I</a> <small>(1848–1916)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles I</a> <small>(1916–1918)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /><small>Styria, Carinthia, Carniola</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold III the Just</a> <small>(1365–1386)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_Austria" title="William, Duke of Austria">William the Courteous</a> <small>(1386–1406)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold IV, Duke of Austria">Leopold IV the Fat</a> <small>(1386–1411)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Ernest, Duke of Austria">Ernest the Iron</a> <small>(1402–1424)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick V the Peaceful</a> <small>(1424–1493)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VI,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VI, Archduke of Austria">Albert VI the Prodigal</a> <small>(1457–1463)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I the Last Knight</a> <small>(1493–1519)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1519–1521)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1521–1564)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II</a> <small>(1564–1590)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> <small>(1590–1637)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /><small>Tyrol</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV the Founder</a> <small>(1363–1365)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold III the Just</a> <small>(1365–1386)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_Austria" title="William, Duke of Austria">William the Courteous</a> <small>(1386–1406)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Austria">Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets</a> <small>(1406–1439)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund the Rich</a> <small>(1439–1490)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I the Last Knight</a> <small>(1490–1519)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1519–1521)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1521–1564)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II</a> <small>(1564–1595)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a> <small>(1595–1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert VII</a> <small>(1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> <small>(1619–1623)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Archduke of Austria">Leopold V</a> <small>(1623–1632)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Charles,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand Charles</a> <small>(1632–1662)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Francis,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund Francis</a> <small>(1662–1665)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VI</a> <small>(1665–1705)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Austrian_archdukes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austrian_archdukes" title="Template:Austrian archdukes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austrian_archdukes" title="Template talk:Austrian archdukes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian_archdukes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian archdukes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Austrian_archdukes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archduke#Other_dynastic_Habsburg_use" title="Archduke">Austrian archdukes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VI,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VI, Archduke of Austria">Albert VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip I of Castile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Carlos, Prince of Asturias">Charles, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias">Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Diego, Prince of Asturias">Diego, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III of Spain</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria">Ernest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_III,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria">Maximilian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wenceslaus_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Maximilian Ernest of Austria">Maximilian Ernest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Archduke of Austria">Leopold V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Austria,_Bishop_of_Wroclaw" title="Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw">Charles, Bishop of Wroclaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos_of_Spain_(1607%E2%80%931632)" title="Infante Carlos of Spain (1607–1632)">Charles</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria">Ferdinand</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alonso_of_Spain" title="Infante Alonso of Spain">Alonso</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Wilhelm_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria">Leopold Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Charles,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Francis,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Charles,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias">Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Prospero,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias">Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II of Spain</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria">Charles Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Joseph_of_Austria_(1682%E2%80%931684)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Leopold Joseph of Austria (1682–1684)">Leopold Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Joseph_of_Austria_(born_1745)" title="Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria (born 1745)">Charles Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VII</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Karl,_Archduke_of_Austria-Este" title="Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este">Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_Francis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria">Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne</a><sup>T</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Francis I</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Charles</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Alexander_Leopold_of_Austria" title="Archduke Alexander Leopold of Austria">Alexander Leopold</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_of_Austria_(Palatine_of_Hungary)" title="Archduke Joseph of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)">Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Anton_Victor_of_Austria" title="Archduke Anton Victor of Austria">Anton Victor</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">John</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria">Rainer Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Louis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Louis of Austria">Louis</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rudolf_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rudolf of Austria">Cardinal Rudolf</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_IV,_Duke_of_Modena" title="Francis IV, Duke of Modena">Francis IV, Duke of Modena</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_Joseph_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este">Ferdinand Karl Joseph</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este">Maximilian</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Ambrosius_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Karl Ambrosius of Austria-Este">Karl Ambrosius, Primate of Hungary</a><sup>M</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Emperor Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Franz_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Franz of Austria">Joseph Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Karl of Austria">Franz Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Albrecht,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen">Albrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria">Karl Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Friedrich_of_Austria_(1821%E2%80%931847)" title="Archduke Friedrich of Austria (1821–1847)">Frederick Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wilhelm_Franz_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wilhelm Franz of Austria">Wilhelm Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Stephen_of_Austria_(Palatine_of_Hungary)" title="Archduke Stephen of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria">Joseph Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Ludwig_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Ludwig of Austria">Leopold Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria_(1824%E2%80%931899)" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria (1824–1899)">Ernest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Sigismund_of_Austria_(1826%E2%80%931891)" title="Archduke Sigismund of Austria (1826–1891)">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria">Rainer Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Heinrich_Anton_of_Austria" title="Archduke Heinrich Anton of Austria">Heinrich Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_V,_Duke_of_Modena" title="Francis V, Duke of Modena">Francis V, Duke of Modena</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_Viktor_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este">Ferdinand Karl Viktor</a><sup>M</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Emperor Franz Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico" title="Maximilian I of Mexico">Maximilian I of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Ludwig_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria">Karl Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ludwig_Viktor_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria">Ludwig Viktor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria">Karl Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ludwig_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria">Ludwig Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Johann_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Johann Salvator of Austria">John Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Friedrich,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen">Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Stephen_of_Austria" title="Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria">Charles Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Eugen_of_Austria" title="Archduke Eugen of Austria">Eugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_August_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph August of Austria">Joseph August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ladislaus_Philipp_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ladislaus Philipp of Austria">Archduke Ladislaus Philipp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf,_Crown_Prince_of_Austria" title="Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria">Crown Prince Rudolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Franz Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Otto_Franz_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Otto Franz Joseph of Austria">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria">Ferdinand Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Ferdinand of Austria">Leopold Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria">Josef Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Peter_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria">Peter Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria">Leopold Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria">Franz Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Albrecht_Franz,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen">Albrecht Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Albrecht_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Albrecht of Austria">Karl Albrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leo_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leo Karl of Austria">Leo Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wilhelm_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wilhelm of Austria">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Francis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria">Joseph Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Emperor Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria_(1895%E2%80%931952)" title="Archduke Maximilian of Austria (1895–1952)">Maximilian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Habsburg<br />Tuscany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Gottfried_of_Austria" title="Archduke Gottfried of Austria">Gottfried</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_of_Austria_(1895%E2%80%931930)" title="Archduke Rainer of Austria (1895–1930)">Rainer</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Leopold of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Leopold Maria</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Anton_of_Austria" title="Archduke Anton of Austria">Anton</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Josef_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Franz Josef of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Franz Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Pius_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Karl Pius of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Karl Pius</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Karl_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Karl Salvator of Austria">Franz Karl Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Hubert_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Hubert Salvator of Austria">Hubert Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palatines<br />of Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Árpád of Austria">Joseph Árpád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_von_Habsburg" title="Géza von Habsburg">Géza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Descent of<br />Charles I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Habsburg" title="Otto von Habsburg">Crown Prince Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert,_Archduke_of_Austria-Este" title="Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este">Robert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Felix_of_Austria" title="Archduke Felix of Austria">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Carl_Ludwig_of_Austria_(1918%E2%80%932007)" title="Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria (1918–2007)">Carl Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rudolf_of_Austria_(1919%E2%80%932010)" title="Archduke Rudolf of Austria (1919–2010)">Rudolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tuscany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_von_Habsburg" title="Dominic von Habsburg">Dominic</a><sup>T</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palatines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Habsburg-Lothringen" title="Eduard Habsburg-Lothringen">Eduard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Habsburg" title="Karl von Habsburg">Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Habsburg" title="Georg von Habsburg">Georg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Lorenz_of_Belgium" title="Prince Lorenz of Belgium">Lorenz</a><sup>B</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Felipe_de_Habsburgo" title="Carlos Felipe de Habsburgo">Karl Philipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_von_Habsburg" title="Simeon von Habsburg">Simeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Habsburg_(racing_driver)" title="Ferdinand Habsburg (racing driver)">Ferdinand Zvonimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo_of_Belgium" title="Prince Amedeo of Belgium">Amedeo</a><sup>B</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>S: <i>also an infante of Spain</i></li> <li>P: <i>also an infante of Portugal</i></li> <li>T: <i>also a prince of Tuscany</i></li> <li>M: <i>also a prince of Modena</i></li> <li>B: <i>also a prince of Belgium</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Hungary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hungarian_kings" title="Template:Hungarian kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hungarian_kings" title="Template talk:Hungarian kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian_kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Hungary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_monarchs" title="List of Hungarian monarchs">Monarchs of Hungary</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Hungary_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Hungary family tree">Family tree</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_dynasty" title="Árpád dynasty">House of Árpád</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">Grand Princes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lmos" title="Álmos">Álmos</a> (<i>c</i>. 850–<i>c</i>. 895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d" title="Árpád">Árpád</a> (<i>c</i>. 895–<i>c</i>. 907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_of_Hungary" title="Zoltán of Hungary">Zoltán</a></i> (<i>c</i>. 907–<i>c</i>. 947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajsz" title="Fajsz">Fajsz</a> (<i>c</i>. 947–<i>c</i>. 955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksony_of_Hungary" title="Taksony of Hungary">Taksony</a> (<i>c</i>. 955–<i>c</i>. 972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za,_Grand_Prince_of_the_Hungarians" title="Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians">Géza</a> (<i>c</i>. 972–997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary" title="Stephen I of Hungary">Stephen</a> (997–1000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">Kings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary" title="Stephen I of Hungary">Stephen I</a> (1000–1038)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter,_King_of_Hungary" title="Peter, King of Hungary">Peter</a> (1038–1041; 1044–1046)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Aba" title="Samuel Aba">Samuel</a> (1041–1044)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_I_of_Hungary" title="Andrew I of Hungary">Andrew I</a> (1046–1060)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_I_of_Hungary" title="Béla I of Hungary">Béla I</a> (1060–1063)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon,_King_of_Hungary" title="Solomon, King of Hungary">Solomon</a> (1063–1074)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_I_of_Hungary" title="Géza I of Hungary">Géza I</a> (1074–1077)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_I_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus I of Hungary">Ladislaus I</a> (1077–1095)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloman,_King_of_Hungary" title="Coloman, King of Hungary">Coloman</a> (1095–1116)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Hungary" title="Stephen II of Hungary">Stephen II</a> (1116–1131)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_II_of_Hungary" title="Béla II of Hungary">Béla II</a> (1131–1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_II_of_Hungary" title="Géza II of Hungary">Géza II</a> (1141–1162)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_III_of_Hungary" title="Stephen III of Hungary">Stephen III</a> (1162–1172) <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus II of Hungary">Ladislaus II</a> (1162–1163)</small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Stephen_IV_of_Hungary" title="Stephen IV of Hungary">Stephen IV</a> (1163–1165)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary" title="Béla III of Hungary">Béla III</a> (1172–1196)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeric,_King_of_Hungary" title="Emeric, King of Hungary">Emeric</a> (1196–1204)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_III_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus III of Hungary">Ladislaus III</a> (1204–1205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_II_of_Hungary" title="Andrew II of Hungary">Andrew II</a> (1205–1235)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV</a> (1235–1270)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_V_of_Hungary" title="Stephen V of Hungary">Stephen V</a> (1270–1272)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_IV_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus IV of Hungary">Ladislaus IV</a> (1272–1290)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_III_of_Hungary" title="Andrew III of Hungary">Andrew III</a> (1290–1301)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Hungary_Country_History_(14th_century).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the King of Hungary (14th century)"><img alt="Coat of arms of the King of Hungary (14th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg/80px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg/120px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg/160px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">House of Přemysl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a> (1301–1305)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Otto III, Duke of Bavaria">Otto</a> (1305–1307)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Capetian House of Anjou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Hungary" title="Charles I of Hungary">Charles I</a> (1308–1342)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I</a> (1342–1382)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Hungary" title="Mary, Queen of Hungary">Maria</a> (1382–1385; 1386–1395)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Naples" title="Charles III of Naples">Charles II</a> (1385–1386)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a> (1387–1437)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert</a> (1437–1439)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus V</a> (1440–1457)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">House of Jagiellon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland" title="Władysław III of Poland">Vladislaus I</a> (1440–1444)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunyadi_family" title="Hunyadi family">House of Hunyadi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias I</a> (1458–1490)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">House of Jagiellon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Vladislaus II of Hungary">Vladislaus II</a> (1490–1516)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis II</a> (1516–1526)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1polya_family" title="Zápolya family">House of Zápolya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Zápolya">John</a> (1526–1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sigismund_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Sigismund Zápolya">John Sigismund</a> (1540–1570)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> (1526–1564)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maximilian</a> (1564–1576)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph</a> (1576–1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias II</a> (1608–1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a> (1619–1637)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> (1637–1657) <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a> (1647–1654)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a> (1657–1705)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a> (1705–1711)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a> (1711–1740)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> (1740–1780)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">House of Habsburg-Lorraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> (1780–1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a> (1790–1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis</a> (1792–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand V</a> (1835–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph</a> (1848–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles IV</a> (1916–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Croatia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Croatian_kings" title="Template:Croatian kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Croatian_kings" title="Template talk:Croatian kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Croatian_kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Croatian kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Croatia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchs_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchs of Croatia">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trpimirovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Trpimirović">House of Trpimirović</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav of Croatia">Tomislav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trpimir_II_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir II of Croatia">Trpimir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Krešimir I of Croatia">Krešimir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Miroslav of Croatia">Miroslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kre%C5%A1imir_II_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Krešimir II of Croatia">Michael Krešimir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dr%C5%BEislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Držislav of Croatia">Stephen Držislav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetoslav_Suronja" title="Svetoslav Suronja">Svetoslav Suronja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_III_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Krešimir III of Croatia">Krešimir III</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gojslav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojslav of Croatia">Gojslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Croatia" title="Stephen I of Croatia">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kre%C5%A1imir_IV_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia">Peter Krešimir IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Zvonimir_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia">Demetrius Zvonimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Croatia" title="Stephen II of Croatia">Stephen II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Árpád">House of Árpád</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_I_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus I of Hungary">Ladislaus I</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Prince_%C3%81lmos" title="Prince Álmos">Álmos</a> as duke)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sna%C4%8Di%C4%87_family" title="Snačić family">House of Snačić</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Sna%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Petar Snačić">Petar Snačić</a> (pretender)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Croatia in personal<br /> union with Hungary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Croatia#Hungarian_Kings_of_Croatia_(1102–1527)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Croatia">Rulers of Croatia after 1102</a> (1102–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aosta" title="Duke of Aosta">House of Savoy-Aosta</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Aimone,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta">Tomislav II</a> (king designate)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150862#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150862#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150862#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108826921">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/27863609">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/56333/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJppC76796dVYgjk8CV6Kd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11857938X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80073725">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10605594z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10605594z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701192&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1308544">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1773333">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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