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language. Available in 92 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsaar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تسار – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تسار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تسار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ar" title="Çar – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تزار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تزار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জার – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Патша – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Патша" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τσάρος – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσάρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caro" title="Caro – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Caro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsaar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تزار – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تزار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaari" title="Tsaari – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tsaari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsaar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Scotica" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scotica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%A8" title="צאר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="त्सार – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="त्सार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1r" title="Cár – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ցար – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caro" title="Caro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Caro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA" title="ツァーリ – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツァーリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ცარი – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Патша – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Патша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EB%A5%B4" title="차르 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="차르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ar" title="Çar – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Падыша – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Падыша" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caras" title="Caras – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Caras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cars" title="Cars – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cars" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Царсь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Царсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="സാർ – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Царь – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Царь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="झार – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تزار – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تزار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="जार – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsaar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzar" title="Tzar – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tzar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="زار روس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زار روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τσάρος – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τσάρος" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czar" title="Czar – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Czar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9Aar" title="Țar – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Țar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Царь – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Царь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Царь – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Царь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar" title="Zar – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zar" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1r" title="Cár – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" title="Car – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Car" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cari" title="Cari – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Cari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ซาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ar" title="Çar – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Патша – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Патша" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цар – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="زار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sar" title="Sar – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa_ho%C3%A0ng" title="Sa hoàng – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sa hoàng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tsar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87" title="沙皇 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="沙皇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ცარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87" title="沙皇 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沙皇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa-h%C3%B4ng" title="Sa-hông – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sa-hông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87" title="沙皇 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="沙皇" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44356#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tzar" title="Videre paginam [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Res</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Tzar" rel="discussion" title="Disputatio de hac pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Disputatio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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<li><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">Imperator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanus" title="Sultanus">Sultanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex" title="Rex">Rex</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tzar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dux_rectionis" title="Dux rectionis">Dux rectionis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primus_minister" title="Primus minister">Primus minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praeses_consilii_ministrorum" title="Praeses consilii ministrorum">Praeses consilii ministrorum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(titulus)" title="Caesar (titulus)">Caesar (titulus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictator">Dictator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiralis" title="Amiralis">Amiralis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">Princeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator">Senator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachus" title="Sachus">Sachus</a></li> <li><a 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title="Liberalismus">Liberalismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalismus" title="Nationalismus">Nationalismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialismus" title="Socialismus">Socialismus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratia_socialis" title="Democratia socialis">Democratia socialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialismus_saeculi_21" title="Socialismus saeculi 21">Socialismus saeculi 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communismus" title="Communismus">Communismus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideologia_viridis" title="Ideologia viridis">Ideologia viridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statismus" title="Statismus">Statismus</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Trias_politica" title="Trias politica">Trias politica</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potestas_legifera" title="Potestas legifera">Potestas legifera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parlamentum" title="Parlamentum">Parlamentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Senatus">Senatus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potestas_exsecutiva" title="Potestas exsecutiva">Potestas exsecutiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potestas_iudicialis" title="Potestas iudicialis">Potestas iudicialis</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Factio_politica" title="Factio politica">Factiones</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_factionum_politicarum" title="Index factionum politicarum">Index</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Factiones_politicae_per_civitates_digestae" title="Categoria:Factiones politicae per civitates digestae">per civitates digestae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Factiones_politicae_per_ideologias_digestae" title="Categoria:Factiones politicae per ideologias digestae">per ideologias digestae</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Comitia" title="Comitia">Comitia</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffragium" title="Suffragium">Suffragium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffragium_universale" title="Suffragium universale">Suffragium universale</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div style="text-align:center"> Vide etiam<br /><a href="/wiki/Civitas_sui_iuris" title="Civitas sui iuris">Civitas sui iuris</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rectio" title="Rectio">Rectio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maiestas_(Ius_constitutionale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiestas (Ius constitutionale)">Maiestas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Titulus" title="Titulus">Titulus</a></div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Nicholas_II_of_Russia_painted_by_Earnest_Lipgart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tzar Nicolaus II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nicholas_II_of_Russia_painted_by_Earnest_Lipgart.jpg/220px-Nicholas_II_of_Russia_painted_by_Earnest_Lipgart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nicholas_II_of_Russia_painted_by_Earnest_Lipgart.jpg/330px-Nicholas_II_of_Russia_painted_by_Earnest_Lipgart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Nicholas_II_of_Russia_painted_by_Earnest_Lipgart.jpg/440px-Nicholas_II_of_Russia_painted_by_Earnest_Lipgart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_II_(imperator_Russiae)" title="Nicolaus II (imperator Russiae)">Nicolaus II</a> ultimus Tzar Russiae</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tzar</b> seu <b>Czar</b> seu <b>Zar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lingua_Bulgarica" title="Lingua Bulgarica">Bulgarice</a>: цар, <i>car</i>; <a href="/wiki/Russice" class="mw-redirect" title="Russice">Russice</a>: царь, <i>car’</i>) fuit appellatio <a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">monarcharum</a> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgariae</a> (<a href="/wiki/913" title="913">913</a>–<a href="/wiki/1396" title="1396">1396</a> et <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>–<a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>), <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbiae</a> (medio <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_14" title="Saeculum 14">saeculi XIV</a>), et <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russiae</a> (<a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>–<a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>). Verbum ipse e titulo <a href="/wiki/Imperatores_Romani" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperatores Romani">imperatorum Romanorum</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(titulus)" title="Caesar (titulus)">Caesar</a></i> originem ducit<sup id="cite_ref-Царь_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Царь-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, versiones <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Latina" title="Lingua Latina">latinae</a> eius autem "<a href="/wiki/Rex" title="Rex">rex</a>" vel "<a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">imperator</a>" sunt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Russia titulum <i>Tzar</i> primo accepit <a href="/wiki/Ioannes_IV_(tzar_Russiae)" title="Ioannes IV (tzar Russiae)">Ioannes IV</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a><sup id="cite_ref-Царь_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Царь-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (quum praedecessores eius, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ioannes_III_(magnus_dux_Moscoviae)" title="Ioannes III (magnus dux Moscoviae)">Ioannes III</a> et <a href="/wiki/Basilius_III_(magnus_dux_Moscoviae)" title="Basilius III (magnus dux Moscoviae)">Basilius III</a> etiam eo titulo interdum appellabantur). Ab anno <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tzares_Russiae" title="Tzares Russiae">tzares Russiae</a> facti sunt "<a href="/wiki/Imperatores_Russiae" title="Imperatores Russiae">Imperatores Russiae</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Царь_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Царь-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loci">Loci</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Loci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Loci"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1549" title="1549">1549</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigismundus_Herbersteinius" title="Sigismundus Herbersteinius">Sigismundi Herbersteinii</a> <i>Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii</i><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/Bildkunde/material/SIGISMUND%20VON%20HERBERSTEIN/Herberstein%20Synopse%20latein-deutsch.htm">[1]</a><sup style="padding-left: 2px;">[<a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Nexus_deficit" title="Vicipaedia:Nexus deficit"><i>nexus deficit</i></a>]</sup>: (<b>Czar</b>)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Czar Rhutenica lingua regem significat. cum autem communi Slavonica lingua, apud Polonos, Bohemos, & alios omnes sumpta quadam consonantia, ab ultima, & ea gravi quidem syllaba Czar, Imperator seu Caesar intelligatur: unde omnes qui Rhuteni cum idioma seu literas non callent,</dd> <dd>item Bohemi, Poloni, atque etiam <a href="/wiki/Slavi" title="Slavi">Slavi</a> regno Hungarico subditi, alio nomine regem appellant,nempe Kral, alii Kyrall, quidam Koroll:</dd> <dd>Czar autem solum Caesarem, seu Imperatorem dici existimant:</dd> <dd>unde factum, ut Rhuteni interpretes audientes Principem suum ab externis nationibus sic appellari, coeperunt & ipsi deinceps Imperatorem nominare, nomenque Czar dignius esse quam Regis (licet idem significent) existimant..</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1628" title="1628">1628</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iohannes_Ludovicus_Gotofredus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iohannes Ludovicus Gotofredus (non est haec pagina)">Iohannis Ludovici Gotofredi</a> <i>Archontologia Cosmica</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/avity/avity1/s0484.html">p. 440</a>: (<b>Czar</b>)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Unde ii, quibus satis perspecta est magnitudo terrarum quibus dominatur, ipsum non Ducem, sed Imperatorem, Caesarem, vel sua lingua Czar appellant, eique tantum deferunt honoris et obsequii, quantum vix ulli tegi in universo terrarum orbe ab suis habetur. Neque profecto aliter est; si quis exactius considerare velit, quantum imperium eius terrarum complectatur, farebitur longe augustius ipsi quam ducis competere nomen atque titulum, quamquam nomen regium Moscovitis extteme exosum sit.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustinus_de_Mayerberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustinus de Mayerberg">Augustini de Mayerberg</a> <i>Iter in Moschoviam Augustini Liberi Baronis de Mayerberg... ad Tzarem et Magnum Ducem Alexium Mihalowicz</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ru/books?id=jEhXCpotP0YC&pg=PA215&dq=%22Magnus+Dominus+Tzar%22&hl=ru&sa=X&ei=9IGjUaPSNrGM4gT43IHwAw&ved=0CF8QuwUwBg#v=onepage&q=%22Magnus%20Dominus%20Tzar%22&f=false">p. 215</a>: (<b>Tzar</b> <i>-is, -um, m.</i>)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Praeterito anno 7132. mandavit piae memoriae Magnus Dominus Tzar, & totius Russiae <a href="/wiki/Magnus_dux" title="Magnus dux">Magnus Dux</a> Michaël Fedorowitz, ut sive <a href="/wiki/Astrachanum" title="Astrachanum">Astracani</a>, sive in Sibiriâ nemo Tartaros, sive eorum utriusque sexus liberos emere, aut dono accipere, aut baptizare, & in Russiam adducere audeat.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannes_Cluver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannes Cluver (non est haec pagina)">Ioannis Cluveri</a> <i>Epitome Historiarum</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/cluever/s760.html">p. 760</a>: (<b>Czar</b>)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Per idem tempus Michael Fedorovicius magnus Moscorum Dux, quem illi Czar vocant, repentino morbo, incertum an veneno, extinctus est. Successit eidem filius ipsius Alexius Michalovitius, qui mox Comitem Voldamarum, quem pater ejus biennio prope attinuerat, cum honore ac donis libertati pristinae restitutum dimittit. Atque ita spes omnis Matrimonii ejus evanuit, ea de causa maxime quod Comes Voldamarus ritus Moscorum graecos amplecti, et liberos ex hoc matrimonio natos ad Religionis illius institutum educari nollet.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgius_Hornius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgius Hornius (non est haec pagina)">Georgii Hornii</a> <i>Orbis Imperans</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ru/books?id=rboWAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Orbis+imperans&hl=ru&sa=X&ei=bXqjUfjOH6TZ4ATAtYGICA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Tzar&f=false">p. 251</a>: (<b>Tzar</b>)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Quo rerum successu inflatus Basilius Tzarum seu Imperatorem sese appellavit. Extat apud Herberstenium prolixa de titulis Principium Russiae dissertatio, ubi negat Magnum Moscoviae Ducem recte appellari posse Regem. Id certum Russi non semper eodem uti titulo. Nam in legationibus ad Polonos non nisi magnum ducem sese vocat. Quoties vero cum Imperatore & Pontifice Romano, Turca, Regibus Sueciae ас Daniae.Tzar, i. е.. Regem & Imperatorem sese vocat.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pexenfelder" title="Michael Pexenfelder">Michaelis Pexenfelderi</a> <i>Apparatus Eruditionis</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/pexen/pexen1/s0610.html">p. 580</a>: (<b>Czar</b>)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Michaeli Federovicio, Moscorum Duci seu Czar, succedit filius, Alexius Michalovitius.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_Razin" title="Stephanus Razin">Stephani Razini</a> Publicae Disquisitioni Exhibitus</i><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030606160717/http://linguaeterna.com/bibl/sten.html">[2]</a>: (<b>Tzar</b> <i>-is, -ium, m.</i>)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Nam ita auctus est iste titulus, ut praescripto Magni Tzaris et magni Ducis nomine, post quaedam verba initium tituli absolventia Moschorum Imperator quoque appelletur Tzar <a href="/wiki/Casanum" title="Casanum">Casani</a>, et Tzar Astrachani, Tzar Siberiae, ac demum non procul fine, Carthalinicorum et Grusinicorum Tzarium dominus atque dominator.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1684" title="1684">1684</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahasuerus_Fritschus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahasuerus Fritschus (non est haec pagina)">Ahasueri Fritschi</a> <i>Medicus Peccans</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenahist/fritsch06/jpg/s055.html">p. 55</a>: (<b>Czar</b>)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Novissimum exemplum hoc ipso anno, et mense quo haec scribimus, vidit Muscovia, in perfido quondam Medico aulico, magnum Ducem, quem Czar appellitant, veneno tollente.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iohannes_Iacobus_Hofmannus" title="Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus">Iohannis Iacobi Hofmanni</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Universale" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexicon Universale">Lexicon Universale</a></i> s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof1/s1072a.html">Czar</a>: (<b>Czar</b> seu <b>Czarius</b>)</li></ul> <dl><dd>CZAR in Ruthenico idiomate, Regem: <i>Czarstuo</i> vero Regnum significat: et hôc nomine Moscovitae Principem suum Regem totius Russiae appellant.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martinus_Schmeizel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martinus Schmeizel (non est haec pagina)">Martini Schmeizel</a> <i>De titulo imperatoris, quem Tzaarus Russorum sibi dari praetendit</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ru/books?id=iBxKAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA32&dq=%22Magnus+Dominus+Tzar%22&hl=ru&sa=X&ei=9IGjUaPSNrGM4gT43IHwAw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Magnus%20Dominus%20Tzar%22&f=false">p. 32</a> (<b>Tzar</b>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Ivvanus VVafilivviz II.</i> qui patri successit MDXXXIII. majorique cum auctoritate quam antecessores, imperavit, licet vulgo male admodum audiat (79), titulum ususpavit hujus tenoris : <i>Nos Magnus Dominus,Tzar & Magnus Dux totius Russiae, Ivvan VVasilivvitz, Magnus Dux VVlodomiriae, Novvogardiae, Moschovviae & c. Tzar Casaniae & Astracaniae & c. ...</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1783" title="1783">1783</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolaus-Gabriel_Le_Clerc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolaus-Gabriel Le Clerc (non est haec pagina)">Nicolai-Gabrielis Le Clerc</a> <i>Histoire physique, morale, civile et politique de la Russie ancienne</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ru/books?id=xNzBQQpXfikC&pg=RA1-PA539&lpg=RA1-PA539&dq=%22tzar+et+magnus+dux%22&source=bl&ots=NbwqB4mNGr&sig=nVd_2lLZuCQGG4d_58jNnzSWaOc&hl=ru&sa=X&ei=tLKkUdLTDeX54QTinoDQCA&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q=%22tzar%20et%20magnus%20dux%22&f=false">p. 539</a> (<b>Tzar</b>)</li></ul> <dl><dd>TZAR ET MAGNUS DUX JOANNES.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Царь-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Царь_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Царь_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Царь_1-2">1.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article120266.html">Царь = <i>Tzar (Czar)</i>, pagina <i>Encyclopaediae Sovieticae Magnae</i> editionis tertiae</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3389956">.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a,.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a:visited{color:gray}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new{color:#ba0000}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style><span class="existinglinksgray" style="font-size:0.95em; color:gray;"><b>(<a href="/wiki/Russice" class="mw-redirect" title="Russice">Russice</a>)</b></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Symeon_Ivashkovskij" class="mw-redirect" title="Symeon Ivashkovskij">S. Ivaškovskij</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Iwaschkowskius/Iwashk_4_s/page/n169/mode/2up"><i>Lexicon Rossico-Latinum</i>, pars IV. (Petropoli, 1853), p. 678</a>: Царь, rex, princeps (vox propria priscae aetatis regnantibus et summo Numini, animalum vero soli leoni tribuitur); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523060719/http://linguaeterna.com/ru/lexicon/22.php"><i>Vocabularium Russico-Latinum Magnum</i> auctore M.P. Poliachev</a>: "<b>царь</b> rex [gis, m]"; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130721164709/http://linguaeterna.com/vocabula/list.php?letter=R"><i>Vocabularium Latino-Russicum Magnum</i> materiis ab I. H. Dworecki fundatum</a>: "<b>rex, regis</b> <i>m</i> 1) царь"</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tzar&oldid=3821933">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tzar&oldid=3821933</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Historia_Russiae" title="Categoria:Historia Russiae">Historia Russiae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Tituli_dignitatis" title="Categoria:Tituli dignitatis">Tituli dignitatis</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_cum_nexibus_deficientibus" title="Categoria:Paginae cum nexibus deficientibus">Paginae cum nexibus deficientibus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Societas" title="Categoria:Myrias Societas">Myrias Societas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 9 Martii 2024 hora 20:38 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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