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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Growing influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growing_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King_of_Sweden_and_Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King_of_Sweden_and_Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>King of Sweden and Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-King_of_Sweden_and_Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_reigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_reigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later reigns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_reigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regnal_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regnal_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Regnal name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regnal_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Knutsson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86" title="كارل الثامن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارل الثامن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_(%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%AF)" title="سککیزینجی کارل (سوئد) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سککیزینجی کارل (سوئد)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_VIII_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D" title="Карл VIII Кнутсан Бундэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карл VIII Кнутсан Бундэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_I" title="Карл I – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карл I" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_VIII" title="Karl VIII – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karl VIII" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carles_VIII_Knutsson" title="Carles VIII Knutsson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carles VIII Knutsson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_VIII._Knutsson" title="Karel VIII. Knutsson – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karel VIII. Knutsson" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Knutsson" title="Karl Knutsson – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karl Knutsson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_VIII._(Schweden)" title="Karl VIII. (Schweden) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karl VIII. (Schweden)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_VIII" title="Karl VIII – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karl VIII" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%97%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B7%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κάρολος Η΄ της Σουηδίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρολος Η΄ της Σουηδίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_VIII_de_Suecia" title="Carlos VIII de Suecia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carlos VIII de Suecia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolo_la_8-a_(Svedio)" title="Karolo la 8-a (Svedio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karolo la 8-a (Svedio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlos_VIII.a_Suediakoa" title="Karlos VIII.a Suediakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karlos VIII.a Suediakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85" title="کارل هشتم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل هشتم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Knutsson" title="Karl Knutsson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karl Knutsson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_8%EC%84%B8" title="칼 8세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼 8세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC_VIII_%D4%BF%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Կառլ VIII Կնութսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կառլ VIII Կնութսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_la_8ma_di_Suedia" title="Karl la 8ma di Suedia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karl la 8ma di Suedia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kn%C3%BAtsson_Bonde" title="Karl Knútsson Bonde – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Karl Knútsson Bonde" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_VIII_di_Svezia" title="Carlo VIII di Svezia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carlo VIII di Svezia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="קרל השמיני, מלך שוודיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרל השמיני, מלך שוודיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_VIII" title="კარლ VIII – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარლ VIII" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_VIII_(rex_Sueciae)" title="Carolus VIII (rex Sueciae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus VIII (rex Sueciae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81rlis_Knutsons" title="Kārlis Knutsons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kārlis Knutsons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolis_VIII_Bonde" title="Karolis VIII Bonde – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karolis VIII Bonde" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII._K%C3%A1roly_sv%C3%A9d_kir%C3%A1ly" title="VIII. Károly svéd király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VIII. Károly svéd király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_VIII_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карл VIII од Шведска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карл VIII од Шведска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="स्वीडनचा आठवा चार्ल्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्वीडनचा आठवा चार्ल्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="تشارلز التامن ملك السويد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز التامن ملك السويد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_VIII_van_Zweden" title="Karel VIII van Zweden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karel VIII van Zweden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB8%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E7%8E%8B)" title="カール8世 (スウェーデン王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カール8世 (スウェーデン王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_I" title="Karl I – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karl I" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_I_av_Noreg_og_VIII_av_Sverige" title="Karl I av Noreg og VIII av Sverige – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karl I av Noreg og VIII av Sverige" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_VIII_Knutsson_Bonde" title="Karol VIII Knutsson Bonde – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karol VIII Knutsson Bonde" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_VIII_da_Su%C3%A9cia" title="Carlos VIII da Suécia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carlos VIII da Suécia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_al_VIII-lea_al_Suediei" title="Carol al VIII-lea al Suediei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carol al VIII-lea al Suediei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_VIII_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Карл VIII (король Швеции) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карл VIII (король Швеции)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_VIII_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Карл VIII Шведски – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карл VIII Шведски" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_VIII_od_%C5%A0vedske" title="Karl VIII od Švedske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karl VIII od Švedske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarle_VIII_Knuutinpoika_Bonde" title="Kaarle VIII Knuutinpoika Bonde – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaarle VIII Knuutinpoika Bonde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Knutsson_(Bonde)" title="Karl Knutsson 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Karl – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="VIII. 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of Sweden (r. 1448–1457; 1464–1465; 1467–1470)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Karl Knutsson</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_II_of_Sweden,_Carl_I_of_Norway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Carl_II_of_Sweden%2C_Carl_I_of_Norway.jpg/220px-Carl_II_of_Sweden%2C_Carl_I_of_Norway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Carl_II_of_Sweden%2C_Carl_I_of_Norway.jpg/330px-Carl_II_of_Sweden%2C_Carl_I_of_Norway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Carl_II_of_Sweden%2C_Carl_I_of_Norway.jpg/440px-Carl_II_of_Sweden%2C_Carl_I_of_Norway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3126" data-file-height="4192" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Wood sculpture of Karl Knutsson by his contemporary <a href="/wiki/Bernt_Notke" title="Bernt Notke">Bernt Notke</a>. Made posthumously (c. 1480s), but considered to have real likeness.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sweden">King of Sweden</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">20 June 1448 – 24 February 1457<br />9 August 1464 – 30 January 1465<br /><span class="nowrap">12 November 1467 – 15 May 1470</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29 June 1448, <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Denmark" title="John, King of Denmark">John</a> (1497)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Norway">King of Norway</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">20 November 1449 – June 1450</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coronation</th><td class="infobox-data">20 November 1449, <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1408<br /><a href="/wiki/Ekholmen_Castle" title="Ekholmen Castle">Ekholmen Castle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veckholm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veckholm (page does not exist)">Veckholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 May 1470<span style="display:none">(1470-05-15)</span> (aged 60)<br /><a href="/wiki/Tre_Kronor_(castle)" title="Tre Kronor (castle)">Stockholm Castle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Riddarholm_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Riddarholm Church">Riddarholm Church</a>, Stockholm</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birgitta_Turesdotter_Bielke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birgitta Turesdotter Bielke (page does not exist)">Birgitta Turesdotter Bielke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Karlsdotter_Gumsehuvud" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine Karlsdotter Gumsehuvud">Catherine Karlsdotter Gumsehuvud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristina_Abrahamsdotter" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristina Abrahamsdotter">Kristina Abrahamsdotter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Family">among others...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_of_Sweden" title="Magdalena of Sweden">Magdalena</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonde" title="House of Bonde">Bonde</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Knut Tordsson Bonde</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Margareta Karlsdotter</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Karl Knutsson Bonde</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1408–1470), also known as <b>Charles VIII</b> and called <b>Charles I</b> in Norwegian contexts, was <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sweden">King of Sweden</a> (1448–1457, 1464–1465 and 1467–1470) and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Norway">King of Norway</a> (1449–1450). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Knutsson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karl Knutsson Bonde was born in October 1408 or 1409, at <a href="/wiki/Ekholmen_Castle" title="Ekholmen Castle">Ekholmen Castle</a>, the son of Knut Tordsson (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonde" title="House of Bonde">Bonde</a>), knight and member of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Sweden" title="Privy Council of Sweden">privy council</a> (<i>riksråd</i>), and Margareta Karlsdotter (Sparre av Tofta), the only daughter and heiress of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ulfsson,_Lord_of_Tofta" title="Karl Ulfsson, Lord of Tofta">Karl Ulfsson, Lord of Tofta</a>. His father Knut was first cousin of <a href="/wiki/Erik_Johansson_Vasa" title="Erik Johansson Vasa">Erik Johansson Vasa</a>'s father. His first marriage, in 1428, to Birgitta Turesdotter (Bielke) (died 1436) gave him his daughter Christina. His second marriage, in 1438, to <a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Queen_of_Sweden_1448-1450" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine, Queen of Sweden 1448-1450">Catherine</a> (Gumsehuvud, died in 1450) produced his second daughter <a href="/wiki/Magdalena_of_Sweden" title="Magdalena of Sweden">Magdalena</a>, who married <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivar_Axelsson_(Tott)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivar Axelsson (Tott) (page does not exist)">Ivar Axelsson (Tott)</a>. He also had two children by his third wife (and former mistress) <a href="/wiki/Christina_Abrahamsdotter" title="Christina Abrahamsdotter">Christina Abrahamsdotter</a>, Anna and Karl. His father was said by contemporary legends to descend from a younger brother of King <a href="/wiki/Eric_IX_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric IX of Sweden">Eric IX</a> (Saint Eric). His mother, an important heiress, descended from Jarl <a href="/wiki/Karl_the_Deaf" title="Karl the Deaf">Karl the Deaf</a> and consequently from some ancient <a href="/wiki/Folkunge" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkunge">Folkunge</a> earls of Sweden, as well as from <a href="/wiki/Ingegerd_Knutsdotter_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingegerd Knutsdotter of Denmark">Ingegerd Knutsdotter</a>, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Canute_IV_of_Denmark" title="Canute IV of Denmark">Canute IV of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adela_of_Flanders" title="Adela of Flanders">Adela of Flanders</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Growing_influence">Growing influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Knutsson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Growing influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1434, Karl became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Sweden" title="Privy Council of Sweden">Privy Council of Sweden</a> and in October of the same year he assumed one of its most senior offices, <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Constable_of_Sweden" title="Lord High Constable of Sweden">Lord High Constable of Sweden</a>, or <i>Riksmarsk</i>. Because of the growing dissatisfaction with King <a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric of Pomerania</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_nobility" title="Swedish nobility">Swedish nobility</a>, Karl was in 1436 made <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riksh%C3%B6vitsman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rikshövitsman (page does not exist)">Rikshövitsman</a></i>, an office equating to Military Governor of the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Realm of Sweden">Realm</a>, and finally replaced the king as an elected regent from 1438 to 1440, as the result of the rebellion by <a href="/wiki/Engelbrekt_Engelbrektsson" title="Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson">Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson</a>. During Karl's brief regentship, the so-called Rebellion of David (a peasant rebellion) took place in Finland. Eric of Pomerania was forced to step down from the throne and in 1440 <a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher of Bavaria</a>, was elected king of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. At the coronation of Christopher in September 1441, Karl was dubbed a knight and appointed <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Justiciar_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord High Justiciar of Sweden">Lord High Justiciar of Sweden</a>, or <i>Riksdrots</i>. In October he resigned as Lord High Justiciar and resumed his office as Lord High Constable. From 1442, he was the military governor, <i>hövitsman</i>, at <a href="/wiki/Vyborg" title="Vyborg">Viborg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fief_of_Viborg" title="Fief of Viborg">Fief of Viborg</a>). </p><p>Karl acquired extensive fiefs, for example in Western Finland. His first seat was in Turku. Soon, Christopher's government began to take back fiefs and positions and he was forced to give up the <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Turku" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Turku">castle of Turku</a>. Karl's next seat was the <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Viborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Viborg">castle of Viborg</a>, on Finland's eastern border, where he kept an independent court, taking no heed of Christopher and exercising his own foreign policy in relation to such powers in the region as the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>, the Russian city of <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a> in what are today <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="King_of_Sweden_and_Norway">King of Sweden and Norway</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Knutsson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: King of Sweden and Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Severin_Falkman_-_Karl_Knutson_Bonde_Leaving_Vyborg_Castle_for_the_Royal_Election_in_Stockholm_1448.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Severin_Falkman_-_Karl_Knutson_Bonde_Leaving_Vyborg_Castle_for_the_Royal_Election_in_Stockholm_1448.jpg/300px-Severin_Falkman_-_Karl_Knutson_Bonde_Leaving_Vyborg_Castle_for_the_Royal_Election_in_Stockholm_1448.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Severin_Falkman_-_Karl_Knutson_Bonde_Leaving_Vyborg_Castle_for_the_Royal_Election_in_Stockholm_1448.jpg/450px-Severin_Falkman_-_Karl_Knutson_Bonde_Leaving_Vyborg_Castle_for_the_Royal_Election_in_Stockholm_1448.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Severin_Falkman_-_Karl_Knutson_Bonde_Leaving_Vyborg_Castle_for_the_Royal_Election_in_Stockholm_1448.jpg/600px-Severin_Falkman_-_Karl_Knutson_Bonde_Leaving_Vyborg_Castle_for_the_Royal_Election_in_Stockholm_1448.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Karl Knutsson leaving <a href="/wiki/Vyborg_Castle" title="Vyborg Castle">Viborg Castle</a> for the election of the new king in 1448, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Severin_Falkman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Severin Falkman (page does not exist)">Severin Falkman</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severin_Falkman" class="extiw" title="fi:Severin Falkman">fi</a>]</span>, 1886</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_de_Charles_VIII_de_Su%C3%A8de_et_de_Norv%C3%A8ge_(1408-1470).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Blason_de_Charles_VIII_de_Su%C3%A8de_et_de_Norv%C3%A8ge_%281408-1470%29.svg/150px-Blason_de_Charles_VIII_de_Su%C3%A8de_et_de_Norv%C3%A8ge_%281408-1470%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Blason_de_Charles_VIII_de_Su%C3%A8de_et_de_Norv%C3%A8ge_%281408-1470%29.svg/225px-Blason_de_Charles_VIII_de_Su%C3%A8de_et_de_Norv%C3%A8ge_%281408-1470%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Blason_de_Charles_VIII_de_Su%C3%A8de_et_de_Norv%C3%A8ge_%281408-1470%29.svg/300px-Blason_de_Charles_VIII_de_Su%C3%A8de_et_de_Norv%C3%A8ge_%281408-1470%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption>Royal coat of arms, created by King Karl in 1448. It has served as template for <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Sweden" title="Coat of arms of Sweden">Sweden's greater coat of arms</a> since.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the death of Christopher in 1448, without a direct heir, Karl was elected king of Sweden on 20 June, and on 28 June, he was hailed as the new monarch at the <a href="/wiki/Stones_of_Mora" title="Stones of Mora">Stones of Mora</a>, not far from <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a>, mostly due to his own military troops being present at the place, against the wishes of regents Bengt and Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna). The Danish had in September 1448 elected <a href="/wiki/Christian_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian I">Christian I</a> as their new monarch. A rivalry ensued between Karl and Christian for the throne of Norway, which had also been ruled by Christopher, with both kings gaining support from various factions in the Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Rigsraadet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigsraadet">Council of the realm</a>. In 1449, a portion of the Norwegian council elected Karl as king of Norway, and he was crowned in <a href="/wiki/Nidaros_Cathedral" title="Nidaros Cathedral">Nidaros Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a> on 20 November. However, Christian also continued pursuing his claim to Norway. The Swedish aristocracy was reluctant to back Karl in a war against Denmark over Norway, and already in June 1450, he was forced to relinquish the throne of Norway in favour of Christian. </p><p>From 1451, Sweden and Denmark were in state of war against each other. Because of devastating warring, a growing opposition against Karl emerged among the nobility in Sweden. The strongest opponent was the Swedish church which opposed his efforts to concentrate royal and secular power. Other opponents were the family group of <a href="/wiki/Oxenstierna" title="Oxenstierna">Oxenstierna</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Vasa" title="House of Vasa">House of Vasa</a>, which had been on the opposing side in the election of king and lost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_reigns">Later reigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Knutsson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later reigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the next 20 years, Karl was deposed twice, only to regain the throne and reign three times (1448–1457, 1464–65, 1467–1470). </p><p>In 1457, a rebellion took place, led by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Bengtsson_(Oxenstierna)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna)">Archbishop Jöns Bengtsson</a> (Oxenstierna) and a nobleman, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axelsson_Tott_(regent_of_Sweden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erik Axelsson Tott (regent of Sweden)">Erik Axelsson Tott</a>. Karl went into exile to Danzig (Gdańsk). The two leaders of the revolt took the regentship, and organized the election of <a href="/wiki/Christian_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian I">Christian I</a> of Denmark as king (firstly in Turku, then in Stockholm). </p><p>In 1463, King Christian quarrelled with the Archbishop because of his taxation policies. The Archbishop was imprisoned, which resulted in a rebellion by his relatives, and led to Christian being driven out of Sweden. Karl was recalled by the rebels and returned at the head of a force of German and Polish mercenaries. Upon arrival in Sweden, he found himself at war with the Archbishop, and after two bloody battles in the winter of 1464–1465, he was again exiled. In 1467, the regent Erik Axelsson Tott, now having reverted to support Karl Knutsson, once more had him crowned. He then reigned for three years, sharing power with the Riksråd, until his death in Stockholm in May 1470. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_II_of_Sweden_effigy_by_Lucas_van_der_Werdt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Carl_II_of_Sweden_effigy_by_Lucas_van_der_Werdt.jpg/200px-Carl_II_of_Sweden_effigy_by_Lucas_van_der_Werdt.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Carl_II_of_Sweden_effigy_by_Lucas_van_der_Werdt.jpg/300px-Carl_II_of_Sweden_effigy_by_Lucas_van_der_Werdt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Carl_II_of_Sweden_effigy_by_Lucas_van_der_Werdt.jpg/400px-Carl_II_of_Sweden_effigy_by_Lucas_van_der_Werdt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Karl's 16th century grave monument in <a href="/wiki/Riddarholmskyrkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Riddarholmskyrkan">Riddarholm Church</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Knutsson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With his wife Birgitta Turesdotter (Bielke), Karl had: </p> <ul><li>Ture Karlsson (Bonde) (died young before 1447)</li> <li>Christina Karlsdotter (Bonde) (c. 1432 – before 1500), married 1446 to the noble, councillor, and courtier Erik Eriksson (Gyllenstierna)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catherine_of_Sweden_(1448)_grave_detail_2009_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Catherine_of_Sweden_%281448%29_grave_detail_2009_%281%29.jpg/220px-Catherine_of_Sweden_%281448%29_grave_detail_2009_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Catherine_of_Sweden_%281448%29_grave_detail_2009_%281%29.jpg/330px-Catherine_of_Sweden_%281448%29_grave_detail_2009_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Catherine_of_Sweden_%281448%29_grave_detail_2009_%281%29.jpg/440px-Catherine_of_Sweden_%281448%29_grave_detail_2009_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Detail of Queen Catherine's gravestone at <a href="/wiki/Vadstena_Abbey" title="Vadstena Abbey">Vadstena Abbey</a>, where her husband the king is called Karl II.</figcaption></figure> <p>With his wife <a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Queen_of_Sweden_1448-1450" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine, Queen of Sweden 1448-1450">Catherine</a>, he had: </p> <ul><li>Margaret Karlsdotter (Bonde) (1442–1462)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_of_Sweden" title="Magdalena of Sweden">Magdalena of Sweden</a> (1445–1495), married to noble Ivar Axelsson (Tott) in 1466</li> <li>Richeza Karlsdotter (Bonde) (born c. 1445), nun at <a href="/wiki/Vadstena_Abbey" title="Vadstena Abbey">Vadstena Abbey</a></li> <li>Bridget Karlsdotter (Bonde) (1446–1469), nun at Vadstena Abbey</li> <li>four sons died early</li></ul> <p>With his mistress <a href="/wiki/Christina_Abrahamsdotter" title="Christina Abrahamsdotter">Christina Abrahamsdotter</a>, he had: </p> <ul><li>Anna Karlsdotter (Bonde), married to the noble Håkan Svensson (Bölja), governor of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s" title="Västerås">Västerås</a> castle.</li> <li>Karl Karlsson (Bonde) (1465–1488)</li></ul> <p>Karl was survived by only one son, born of Christina Abrahamsdotter, whom he married on his deathbed. Though she was recognized as queen, the Swedish government did not allow the suddenly legitimized boy to succeed him, but appointed one of their number, <a href="/wiki/Sten_Sture_the_Elder" title="Sten Sture the Elder">Sten Sture the Elder</a> (who was Karl's nephew), as regent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regnal_name">Regnal name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Knutsson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regnal name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karl Knutsson was the second Swedish king by the name of Karl (sometimes anglicized as <i>Charles</i>). <i>Charles VIII</i> is a posthumous invention, counting backwards from <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Charles IX</a> (r. 1604–1611) who adopted his numeral according to a fictitious history of Sweden. Six others before <a href="/wiki/Karl_Sverkersson" title="Karl Sverkersson">Charles VII</a> are unknown to any sources before <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Magnus" title="Johannes Magnus">Johannes Magnus</a>'s 16th century book <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Historia_de_omnibus_gothorum_sueonumque_regibus" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia de omnibus gothorum sueonumque regibus">Historia de omnibus gothorum sueonumque regibus</a></i></span></i>, and are considered his invention. Karl Knutsson was the first Swedish monarch of the name to actually use a regnal number as <i>Karl II</i> (later retrospectively renumbered VIII), on his wife's tombstone (1451) at <a href="/wiki/Vadstena_Abbey" title="Vadstena Abbey">Vadstena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Knutsson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karl represented a growing nationalist tendency among the Swedish aristocracy which tried first to subjugate the other Scandinavian countries under Sweden but soon focused on dissolving the <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a>. In the next century, when the union was finally dissolved, he received some respect as an early champion of Swedish independence. </p><p>Karl's fight for power and kingship was more successful than his experience thereof. He allegedly recognized this himself and described his life in a brief poem: </p> <blockquote><p><i>When I was Lord of Fågelvik,</i> (pronounced: <i>foegle-veek</i>)<br /> </p><p><i>Then I had wealth and might unique.</i><br /> <i>But once I was King of the Swedish land,</i><br /> </p> <p><i>I was a poor and unhappy man.</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Karl's great-granddaughter <a href="/wiki/Christina_Nilsdotter_Gyllenstierna" class="mw-redirect" title="Christina Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna">Christina Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna</a> was married to <a href="/wiki/Sten_Sture_the_Younger" title="Sten Sture the Younger">Sten Sture the Younger</a> whose regentship represented similar values: nationalism and Swedish independence. </p><p>Though the Bonde family, not descendants of Karl Knutsson himself but just his collateral relatives, remained prominent among the Swedish nobility and in politics into the 20th Century, Karl's own descendants did not ascend nor inherit any thrones until Prince Christian zu Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg became <a href="/wiki/Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Christian IX of Denmark">Christian IX of Denmark</a> in 1863. Karl's descendants have since ascended the thrones of Norway, Greece and Great Britain, Brunswick, Luxembourg, Belgium, Spain, Romania and Russia Empire together with Grand Duchy of Finland. Nicholas II was the first direct descendant on the Finnish throne.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>His distant direct descendant, <a href="/wiki/Sibylla_of_Saxe-Coburg-Gotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha">Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha</a>, married the Hereditary Prince of Sweden in the 20th century, and with the accession of Sibylla's son, <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl XVI Gustav">Carl XVI Gustav</a>, Karl Knutsson's blood returned to the Swedish throne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Knutsson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130418081338/http://www.nad.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=12366">"Karl Knutsson (Bonde)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Svenskt_biografiskt_lexikon" title="Svenskt biografiskt lexikon">Svenskt biografiskt lexikon</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nad.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=12366">the original</a> on 18 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karl+Knutsson+%28Bonde%29&rft.pub=Svenskt+biografiskt+lexikon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nad.riksarkivet.se%2Fsbl%2FPresentation.aspx%3Fid%3D12366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Knutsson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Karl_1_Knutsson_Bonde/utdypning">"Karl 1 Knutsson Bonde"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norsk_biografisk_leksikon" title="Norsk biografisk leksikon">Norsk biografisk leksikon</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karl+1+Knutsson+Bonde&rft.pub=Norsk+biografisk+leksikon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2F.nbl_biografi%2FKarl_1_Knutsson_Bonde%2Futdypning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Knutsson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbm/0500.html">"Karl"</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i>; and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Henrik_Schr%C3%B6der&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Henrik Schröder (page does not exist)">Johan Henrik Schröder</a>: <i>Anteckningar om Drottning Catharina, Konung Carl Knutssons Gemål, och Dess Graf-Monument i Wadstena Klosterkyrka</i>. Iduna, Stockholm 1820, p. 378.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Harrison, Dick (2002). <i>Karl Knutsson: en biografi</i> (in Swedish). Lund: Historiska media. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-89442-58-X" title="Special:BookSources/91-89442-58-X"><bdi>91-89442-58-X</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/SELIBR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SELIBR (identifier)">SELIBR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/bib/8693772">8693772</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karl+Knutsson%3A+en+biografi&rft.place=Lund&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Historiska+media&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=91-89442-58-X&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Dick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Knutsson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Knutsson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charles_VIII_of_Sweden" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Charles VIII of Sweden">Charles VIII of Sweden</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Karl Knutsson</div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonde" title="House of Bonde">House of Bonde</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 5 October 1408</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 15 May 1470</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Norway">King of Norway</a> </b><br />1449–1450 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sweden">King of Sweden</a> </b><br />1448–1457 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sweden">King of Sweden</a> </b><br />1464–1465 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sweden">King of Sweden</a> </b><br />1467–1470 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Denmark" title="John, King of Denmark">John II</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Norway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Norway" title="Template:Monarchs of Norway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Norway" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs" title="List of Norwegian monarchs">Monarchs of</a> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">I. Independent Norway</a><br /><br /><small>Foreign and non-royal<br /> rulers in <i>italics</i>, disputed<br /> monarchs in brackets</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="872–1387" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">872–1387</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Fairhair" title="Harald Fairhair">Harald I Fairhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Bloodaxe" title="Eric Bloodaxe">Eric I Bloodaxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_the_Good" title="Haakon the Good">Haakon I the Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Greycloak" title="Harald Greycloak">Harald II Greycloak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harald_Bluetooth" title="Harald Bluetooth">Harald Bluetooth</a></i> <sup><small>d</small></sup> & <i><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Sigurdsson" title="Haakon Sigurdsson">Haakon Sigurdsson</a></i> <sup><small>r</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Tryggvason" title="Olaf Tryggvason">Olaf I Tryggvason</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn Forkbeard</a></i> <sup><small>de</small></sup> & <i><a href="/wiki/Eir%C3%ADkr_H%C3%A1konarson" title="Eiríkr Hákonarson">Eiríkr Hákonarson</a></i> <sup><small>r</small></sup> & <i><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Haakonsson" title="Sweyn Haakonsson">Sweyn Haakonsson</a></i> <sup><small>r</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Norway" title="Olaf II of Norway">Olaf II the Saint</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnut" title="Cnut">Cnut</a></i> <sup><small>de</small></sup> & <i><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Ericsson" title="Haakon Ericsson">Haakon Ericsson</a></i> <sup><small>r</small></sup> & <i><a href="/wiki/Svein_Knutsson" title="Svein Knutsson">Sweyn Knutsson</a></i> <sup><small>r</small></sup> (<i><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Northampton" title="Ælfgifu of Northampton">Ælfgifu</a></i> <sup><small>r</small></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Good" title="Magnus the Good">Magnus I the Good</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald III Hardrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_II_of_Norway" title="Magnus II of Norway">Magnus II Haraldsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_III_of_Norway" title="Olaf III of Norway">Olaf III Kyrre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Toresfostre" title="Haakon Toresfostre">Haakon Toresfostre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Barefoot" title="Magnus Barefoot">Magnus III Barefoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_Magnusson_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Olav Magnusson of Norway">Olav Magnusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eystein_I_of_Norway" title="Eystein I of Norway">Eystein I Magnusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_the_Crusader" title="Sigurd the Crusader">Sigurd I the Crusader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Gille" title="Harald Gille">Harald IV Gille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Sigurdsson" title="Magnus Sigurdsson">Magnus IV the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_II" title="Sigurd II">Sigurd II Munn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inge_Haraldsson" title="Inge Haraldsson">Inge I Haraldsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eystein_II_of_Norway" title="Eystein II of Norway">Eystein II Haraldsson</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Magnus_Haraldsson_(son_of_Harald_Gille)" title="Magnus Haraldsson (son of Harald Gille)">Magnus Haraldsson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_II" title="Haakon II">Haakon II Broadshoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_V_of_Norway" title="Magnus V of Norway">Magnus V Erlingsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverre_of_Norway" title="Sverre of Norway">Sverre Sigurdsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_III_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon III of Norway">Haakon III Sverresson</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guttorm_of_Norway" title="Guttorm of Norway">Guttorm Sigurdsson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inge_B%C3%A5rdsson" title="Inge Bårdsson">Inge II Bårdsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV" title="Haakon IV">Haakon IV Haakonsson</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Haakon_the_Young" title="Haakon the Young">Haakon the Young</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus VI">Magnus VI the Law-mender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_II_of_Norway" title="Eric II of Norway">Eric II Magnusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_V" title="Haakon V">Haakon V Magnusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Eriksson" title="Magnus Eriksson">Magnus VII Ericsson</a> <sup><small>s</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_VI" title="Haakon VI">Haakon VI Magnusson</a> <sup><small>s</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Denmark" title="Olaf II of Denmark">Olaf IV Haakonsson</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1387–1523" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">1387–1523</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_I_of_Denmark" title="Margaret I of Denmark">Margaret</a> <sup><small>ds</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric III</a> <sup><small>ds</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher</a> <sup><small>ds</small></sup></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles I</a></i> <sup><small>s</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I</a> <sup><small>ds</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Denmark" title="John, King of Denmark">John</a> <sup><small>ds</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_II_of_Denmark" title="Christian II of Denmark">Christian II</a> <sup><small>ds</small></sup></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1524–1814" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">1524–1814</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Denmark" title="Frederick I of Denmark">Frederick I</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark" title="Christian III of Denmark">Christian III</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark" title="Christian V of Denmark">Christian V</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Denmark" title="Frederick IV of Denmark">Frederick IV</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VI_of_Denmark" title="Christian VI of Denmark">Christian VI</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">Frederick V</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VII of Denmark">Christian VII</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI</a> <sup><small>d</small></sup></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(1814)" title="Kingdom of Norway (1814)">II. Independent Norway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1814" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">1814</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">Christian Frederick</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Union with Sweden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1814–1905" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">1814–1905</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIII" title="Charles XIII">Charles II</a> <sup><small>s</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Charles III John</a> <sup><small>s</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" title="Oscar I of Sweden">Oscar I</a> <sup><small>s</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XV" title="Charles XV">Charles IV</a> <sup><small>s</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_II" title="Oscar II">Oscar II</a> <sup><small>s</small></sup></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">III. Independent Norway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Since_1905" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">Since 1905</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII" title="Haakon VII">Haakon VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_V" title="Olav V">Olav V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_V" title="Harald V">Harald V</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>r</small></sup></span> Regent</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>d</small></sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_monarchs" title="List of Danish monarchs">Danish monarch</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>e</small></sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">English monarch</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>s</small></sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">Swedish monarch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Sweden" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Sweden" title="Template:Monarchs of Sweden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Sweden" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Sweden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Sweden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Sweden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Sweden" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">Monarchs of Sweden</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Muns%C3%B6" title="House of Munsö">Munsö</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="c._970_–_c._1060" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 970 – c. 1060</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious" title="Eric the Victorious">Eric "VII"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Sk%C3%B6tkonung" title="Olof Skötkonung">Olof Skötkonung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anund_Jacob" title="Anund Jacob">Anund Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emund_the_Old" title="Emund the Old">Emund the Old</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stenkil" title="House of Stenkil">Stenkil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="c._1060_–_c._11301160–1161" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">c. 1060 – c. 1130<br />1160–1161</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stenkil" title="Stenkil">Stenkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_and_Eric" title="Eric and Eric">Eric and Eric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halsten_Stenkilsson" title="Halsten Stenkilsson">Halsten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anund_G%C3%A5rdske" class="mw-redirect" title="Anund Gårdske">Anund Gårdske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kan_the_Red" title="Håkan the Red">Håkan the Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halsten_Stenkilsson" title="Halsten Stenkilsson">Halsten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Inge_the_Elder" title="Inge the Elder">Inge the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blot-Sweyn" title="Blot-Sweyn">Blot-Sweyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inge_the_Elder" title="Inge the Elder">Inge the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Sweden" title="Philip of Sweden">Philip</a> / <a href="/wiki/Inge_the_Younger" title="Inge the Younger">Inge the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnvald_Knaph%C3%B6vde" title="Ragnvald Knaphövde">Ragnvald Knaphövde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Strong" title="Magnus the Strong">Magnus I</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Estridsen" title="House of Estridsen">House of Estridsen</a>, <small>descendant of Inge the Elder</small>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sverker" title="House of Sverker">Sverker</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Eric" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Eric">Eric</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="c._1130_–_1250" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">c. 1130 – 1250</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sverker_the_Elder" title="Sverker the Elder">Sverker the Elder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Erik" title="Saint Erik">Eric "IX" the Holy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Henriksson" title="Magnus Henriksson">Magnus II</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Estridsen" title="House of Estridsen">House of Estridsen</a>, <small>descendant of Inge the Elder</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Sverkersson" title="Karl Sverkersson">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_of_Sweden" title="Kol of Sweden">Kol</a> / <a href="/wiki/Boleslaw_of_Sweden" title="Boleslaw of Sweden">Boleslaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Eriksson" title="Knut Eriksson">Knut Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverker_the_Younger" title="Sverker the Younger">Sverker the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Knutsson" title="Erik Knutsson">Eric "X"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="John I of Sweden">John I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erik_Eriksson" title="Erik Eriksson">Eric "XI"</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_L%C3%A5nge" title="Knut Långe">Knut Långe</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erik_Eriksson" title="Erik Eriksson">Eric "XI"</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bj%C3%A4lbo" title="House of Bjälbo">Bjälbo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1250–1364" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1250–1364</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valdemar,_King_of_Sweden" title="Valdemar, King of Sweden">Valdemar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Ladul%C3%A5s" title="Magnus Ladulås">Magnus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birger,_King_of_Sweden" title="Birger, King of Sweden">Birger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Eriksson" title="Magnus Eriksson">Magnus IV</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_XII_of_Sweden" title="Eric XII of Sweden">Eric "XII"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Eriksson" title="Magnus Eriksson">Magnus IV</a> / <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VI_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VI of Norway">Haakon</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mecklenburg" title="House of Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1364–1389" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1364–1389</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert,_King_of_Sweden" title="Albert, King of Sweden">Albert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a> <div style="padding-top:0.5em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:80%;"><i>Italics</i> indicate<br />regents</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1389–1523" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1389–1523</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_I_of_Denmark" title="Margaret I of Denmark">Margaret</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Estridsen" title="House of Estridsen">House of Estridsen</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric XIII</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Griffins" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Griffins">House of Griffins</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric XIII</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Griffins" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Griffins">House of Griffins</a>)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric XIII</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Griffins" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Griffins">House of Griffins</a>)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher of Bavaria</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bengt_J%C3%B6nsson_(Oxenstierna)" title="Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)">Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Nils_J%C3%B6nsson_(Oxenstierna)" title="Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)">Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles VIII</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonde" title="House of Bonde">House of Bonde</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Bengtsson_Oxenstierna" title="Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna">Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Erik_Axelsson_Tott" title="Erik Axelsson Tott">Erik Axelsson Tott</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kettil_Karlsson_(Vasa)" title="Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)">Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles VIII</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonde" title="House of Bonde">House of Bonde</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kettil_Karlsson_(Vasa)" title="Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)">Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Bengtsson_Oxenstierna" title="Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna">Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erik_Axelsson_Tott" title="Erik Axelsson Tott">Erik Axelsson Tott</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles VIII</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonde" title="House of Bonde">House of Bonde</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sten_Sture_the_Elder" title="Sten Sture the Elder">Sten Sture the Elder</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Denmark" title="John, King of Denmark">John II</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sten_Sture_the_Elder" title="Sten Sture the Elder">Sten Sture the Elder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svante_Nilsson_(regent_of_Sweden)" title="Svante Nilsson (regent of Sweden)">Svante Nilsson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erik_Trolle" title="Erik Trolle">Erik Trolle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sten_Sture_the_Younger" title="Sten Sture the Younger">Sten Sture the Younger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_II_of_Denmark" title="Christian II of Denmark">Christian II</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa" title="Gustav Vasa">Gustav (I)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Vasa" title="House of Vasa">Vasa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1523–1654" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1523–1654</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa" title="Gustav Vasa">Gustav I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_XIV_of_Sweden" title="Eric XIV of Sweden">Eric XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Charles IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus" title="Gustavus Adolphus">Gustav II Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Christina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Palatinate-Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken">Palatinate-<br />Zweibrücken</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach)</a><br /><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel">Hesse-Kassel</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1654–1751" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1654–1751</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav" title="Charles X Gustav">Charles X Gustav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden" title="Charles XI of Sweden">Charles XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrika_Eleonora_of_Sweden" title="Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden">Ulrika Eleonora</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Sweden" title="Frederick I of Sweden">Frederick I</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Holstein-Gottorp_(Swedish_line)" title="House of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line)">Holstein-Gottorp</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1751–1818" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">1751–1818</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Frederick_of_Sweden" title="Adolf Frederick of Sweden">Adolf Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_III" title="Gustav III">Gustav III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf" title="Gustav IV Adolf">Gustav IV Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIII" title="Charles XIII">Charles XIII</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bernadotte" title="House of Bernadotte">Bernadotte</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="since_1818" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal;">since 1818</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Charles XIV John</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" title="Oscar I of Sweden">Oscar I</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XV" title="Charles XV">Charles XV</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_II" title="Oscar II">Oscar II</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_V" title="Gustaf V">Gustaf V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_VI_Adolf" title="Gustaf VI Adolf">Gustaf VI Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> Lineage uncertain</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>2</small></sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs" title="List of Norwegian monarchs">Norwegian monarch</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>3</small></sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs" title="List of Norwegian monarchs">Norwegian</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_monarchs" title="List of Danish monarchs">Danish monarch</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>4</small></sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">king of Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Iceland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Iceland" title="Template:Monarchs of Iceland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Iceland" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Iceland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Iceland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Iceland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Iceland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Iceland">Monarchs of Iceland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Possession of Norway</a> (1262–1814)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV" title="Haakon IV">Haakon IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Lawmender" title="Magnus the Lawmender">Magnus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_II_of_Norway" title="Eric II of Norway">Eric II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_V" title="Haakon V">Haakon V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Eriksson" title="Magnus Eriksson">Magnus VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_VI" title="Haakon VI">Haakon VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Denmark" title="Olaf II of Denmark">Olaf IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_I_of_Denmark" title="Margaret I of Denmark">Margaret I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Denmark" title="John, King of Denmark">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_II_of_Denmark" title="Christian II of Denmark">Christian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Denmark" title="Frederick I of Denmark">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark" title="Christian III of Denmark">Christian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark" title="Christian V of Denmark">Christian V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Denmark" title="Frederick IV of Denmark">Frederick IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VI_of_Denmark" title="Christian VI of Denmark">Christian VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">Frederick V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VII of Denmark">Christian VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Possession of Denmark</a> (1814–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">Christian VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederick VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Christian IX of Denmark">Christian IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederick VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">Christian X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Kingdom of Iceland</a> (1918–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">Kristján X (Christian X)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310433#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310433#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000054839726">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/37976215">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1827987/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyh9TpKyWwmHfpJxjxYyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128616016">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr2003000459">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070562806">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/gdsvvcr035zlkfh">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811710660605606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/ce5eb800-3304-4cc9-931e-76a2bfa3dcd7">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd128616016.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/128616016">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/073011428">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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