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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>The Political Graveyard: Florida: U.S. Senators</title> <meta name="description" content="A database of political history and cemeteries, with brief biographical entries for 320,919 U.S. political figures, living and dead, from the 1700s to the present."> <meta name="keywords" content="political biography history genealogy cemeteries politics candidates congress senators legislators governors politicians biographies ancestors mayors birthplace geography elections"> <meta name="author" content="Lawrence Kestenbaum"> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-7383562-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'https://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFDD" text="#000000" link="#cc0000" alink="#ff0000" vlink="#760000"> <style type="text/css"> p {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} td {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} A:link {text-decoration: none} A:visited {text-decoration: none} A:active {text-decoration: none} A:hover {text-decoration: underline} </style> <p align=center style="font-size:28pt; font-family:garamond,serif"> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">PoliticalGraveyard.com</span><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html" border=0> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgmain6.gif" width=450 height=216 border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard: A Database of American History"></a><br> Florida: U.S. Senators</p> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%><tr><td valign="top"> <hr> <p> <b>U.S. Senators from Florida, 1845-2016</b> <i>(May be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/westcott-westmoreland.html#958.60.81">James D. Westcott, Jr.</a> 1845-49 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/youngblood-yulee.html#040.99.06">David Levy Yulee</a> 1845-51 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/morton.html#945.65.92">Jackson Morton</a> 1849-55 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mallory.html#487.93.65">Stephen R. Mallory</a> 1851-61 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/youngblood-yulee.html#040.99.06">David Levy Yulee</a> 1855-61 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/osborn.html#750.77.22">Thomas Ward Osborn</a> 1868-73 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/welch.html#597.02.59">Adonijah S. Welch</a> 1868-69 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gilbert.html#867.03.07">Abijah Gilbert</a> 1869-75 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/connors-conquest.html#925.41.68">Simon Barclay Conover</a> 1873-79 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/jones2.html#829.51.03">Charles W. Jones</a> 1875-87 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/califano-callaghan.html#383.94.41">Wilkinson Call</a> 1879-97 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/partington-pastuszka.html#981.34.83">Samuel Pasco</a> 1887-99 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mallory.html#078.44.16">Stephen R. Mallory, Jr.</a> 1897-1907 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/talcott-talley.html#278.13.39">James P. Taliaferro</a> 1899-1911 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bryan.html#511.19.79">William J. Bryan</a> 1907-08 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/millsap-minehart.html#127.17.00">William H. Milton</a> 1908-09 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fletcher.html#539.05.49">Duncan U. Fletcher</a> 1909-36 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bryan.html#381.17.84">Nathan P. Bryan</a> 1911-17 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/traeger-travia.html#079.88.19">Park Trammell</a> 1917-36 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lockyer-loftus.html#696.40.53">Scott Marion Loftin</a> 1936 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hill9.html#861.24.84">William Luther Hill</a> 1936 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/andrews.html#914.66.34">Charles O. Andrews</a> 1936-46 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pennoyer-perk.html#948.13.48">Claude Pepper</a> 1936-51 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holland.html#712.47.20">Spessard L. Holland</a> 1946-71 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smalley-smit.html#243.62.42">George A. Smathers</a> 1951-69 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gundry-guthery.html#788.82.67">Edward J. Gurney</a> 1969-74 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/childress-chipley.html#155.30.89">Lawton Chiles</a> 1971-89 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stone.html#818.04.73">Richard Stone</a> 1975-80 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hawkins.html#698.85.02">Paula Hawkins</a> 1981-87 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graham2.html#658.92.59">Bob Graham</a> 1987-2005 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mack.html#756.65.00">Connie Mack</a> 1989-2001 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/nelson.html#970.84.48">Bill Nelson</a> 2001- <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/martinez.html#623.48.64">Mel Martinez</a> 2005-09 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lehmann-lemp.html#169.25.81">George S. LeMieux</a> 2009-11 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/royal-rubin.html#397.16.49">Marco Rubio</a> 2011- <p> <b>Events and Candidates</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <li> 1907 Dec 23: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mallory.html#078.44.16">Stephen R. Mallory, Jr.</a>, died in office. <li> 1908 Mar 22: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bryan.html#511.19.79">William J. Bryan</a>, died in office. <li> 1914 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fletcher.html#539.05.49">Duncan U. Fletcher</a> (Dem), elected unopposed. <li> 1916: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gilberta-gilgun.html#944.50.07">Albert W. Gilchrist</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1916 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/traeger-travia.html#079.88.19">Park Trammell</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/oneal.html#207.89.68">W. R. O'Neal</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/goodroads-gorbey.html#313.62.69">R. L. Goodwin</a> (Socialist), defeated. <li> 1920 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fletcher.html#539.05.49">Duncan U. Fletcher</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cheney.html#867.29.83">John M. Cheney</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/martin6.html#064.90.24">M. J. Martin</a> (Socialist), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/klinedinst-knaggs.html#356.16.53">G. A. Klock</a> (White Republican), defeated. <li> 1922 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/traeger-travia.html#079.88.19">Park Trammell</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/laws-lawyer.html#494.22.79">William C. Lawson</a> (Independent Republican), defeated. <li> 1926 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fletcher.html#539.05.49">Duncan U. Fletcher</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lindsay.html#654.29.90">John M. Lindsay</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/oneal.html#207.89.68">W. R. O'Neal</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1928: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/martin5.html#635.85.36">John W. Martin</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1928 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/traeger-travia.html#079.88.19">Park Trammell</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/walworth-warburton.html#786.18.99">Barclay H. Warburton</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1934 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/traeger-travia.html#079.88.19">Park Trammell</a> (Dem), elected unopposed. <li> 1936 May 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/traeger-travia.html#079.88.19">Park Trammell</a>, died in office. <li> 1936 Jun 17: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fletcher.html#539.05.49">Duncan U. Fletcher</a>, died in office. <li> 1936 Jul 1: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hill9.html#861.24.84">William Luther Hill</a>, appointed. <li> 1936 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pennoyer-perk.html#948.13.48">Claude Pepper</a> (Dem), elected unopposed. <li> 1936 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/andrews.html#914.66.34">Charles O. Andrews</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/babcock.html#475.39.47">Howard C. Babcock</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1938 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pennoyer-perk.html#948.13.48">Claude Pepper</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/swanson.html#225.74.02">Thomas E. Swanson</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1940 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/andrews.html#914.66.34">Charles O. Andrews</a> (Dem), elected unopposed. <li> 1944 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pennoyer-perk.html#948.13.48">Claude Pepper</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/draper.html#738.12.55">Miles H. Draper</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1946 Sep 18: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/andrews.html#914.66.34">Charles O. Andrews</a>, died in office. <li> 1946 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holland.html#712.47.20">Spessard L. Holland</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/scadden-schafe.html#568.09.68">J. Harry Schad</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1950 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smalley-smit.html#243.62.42">George A. Smathers</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/booth.html#809.52.04">John P. Booth</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1956 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smalley-smit.html#243.62.42">George A. Smathers</a> (Dem), elected unopposed. <li> 1958 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holland.html#712.47.20">Spessard L. Holland</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hyden-hyzer.html#302.87.80">Leland Hyzer</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1962 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smalley-smit.html#243.62.42">George A. Smathers</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/rugh-rusch.html#332.84.24">Emerson Rupert</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1964: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/odem-oestreicher.html#359.66.73">Brailey Odham</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1964 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holland.html#712.47.20">Spessard L. Holland</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kirchdorfer-kirkby.html#642.39.41">Claude R. Kirk, Jr.</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1968 May 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/faircloth-farleigh.html#245.37.52">Earl Faircloth</a> (Dem), advanced to runoff. <li> 1968 May 28: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/faircloth-farleigh.html#245.37.52">Earl Faircloth</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1968 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gundry-guthery.html#788.82.67">Edward J. Gurney</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/collins8.html#378.65.65">LeRoy Collins</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1970 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/childress-chipley.html#155.30.89">Lawton Chiles</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cramer.html#428.94.50">William C. Cramer</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1974 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stone.html#818.04.73">Richard Stone</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/eberhart-eddleman.html#969.88.54">Jack Eckerd</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grady.html#407.03.31">John Grady</a> (American), defeated. <li> 1976 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/childress-chipley.html#155.30.89">Lawton Chiles</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grady.html#407.03.31">John Grady</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1980: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/frey.html#077.14.19">Louis Frey, Jr.</a> (Rep), defeated in primary. <li> 1980 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hawkins.html#698.85.02">Paula Hawkins</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gundry-guthery.html#774.26.90">William D. Gunter, Jr.</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1980 Dec 31: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stone.html#818.04.73">Richard Stone</a>, resigned. <li> 1982 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/childress-chipley.html#155.30.89">Lawton Chiles</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/poole.html#646.59.49">Van B. Poole</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1986 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graham2.html#658.92.59">Bob Graham</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hawkins.html#698.85.02">Paula Hawkins</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1988 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mack.html#756.65.00">Connie Mack</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mackay.html#315.70.79">Buddy Mackay, Jr.</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1992 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graham2.html#658.92.59">Bob Graham</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grant.html#231.64.28">Bill Grant</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1994 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mack.html#756.65.00">Connie Mack</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/rodgers-rodriguez.html#569.11.84">Hugh E. Rodham</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1998 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graham2.html#658.92.59">Bob Graham</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cremeans-crocheron.html#733.77.47">Charlie Crist</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 2000: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/castleberry-catone.html#075.59.23">Kathy Castor</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 2000 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/nelson.html#970.84.48">Bill Nelson</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcclurg-mcconkey.html#079.65.52">Bill McCollum</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/logan.html#606.81.15">Willie F. Logan</a> (Ind), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/simms-simonetti.html#362.88.34">Joe Simonetta</a> (Natural Law), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mccormick.html#574.86.52">Darrell L. McCormick</a> (Ind), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/debolt-deckard.html#181.82.05">Joel Deckard</a> (Reform), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/martin1.html#719.29.76">Andy Martin</a> (Ind), defeated. <li> 2004: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/detaranto-devin.html#162.69.64">Peter R. Deutsch</a> (Dem), defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pendry-penniman.html#250.39.17">Alex Penelas</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 2004 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/martinez.html#623.48.64">Mel Martinez</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/castleberry-catone.html#160.37.61">Betty Castor</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bradley2.html#753.50.43">Dennis F. Bradley</a> (Veterans), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stubblefield-styles.html#798.71.12">Mark Stufft</a>, defeated. <li> 2006: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harris6.html#911.42.44">Katherine Harris</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 2006 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/moore1.html#549.81.57">Brian P. Moore</a>, defeated. <li> 2009 Sep 9: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/martinez.html#623.48.64">Mel Martinez</a>, resigned; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lehmann-lemp.html#169.25.81">George S. LeMieux</a>, appointed. <li> 2016: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graybill-greely.html#117.89.51">Alan Grayson</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 2016: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dehart-deland.html#105.74.88">Rocky de la Fuente</a> (Rep), defeated in primary. </td> <td width=180 align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></tr></table> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%> <tr><td align="center"><span style="font-size:20pt;"> <span style="font-family:garamond,serif"> <i>"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard."</i></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:8pt;">Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872</span></td> <td><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgsub.gif" width=450 height=71 align="right" border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard"></a></td></tr></table> <br clear="all"> <table width=100% cellpadding=2> <tr><td colspan=3><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html">The Political Graveyard</a></b> is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3><span style="font-size:8pt;"> </span></td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The listings are <b>incomplete</b>; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Information on this page — and on all other pages of this site — is believed to be accurate, but is <b>not</b> guaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sources before relying on any information here.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The official URL for this page is: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/FL/ofc/ussen.html">https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/FL/ofc/ussen.html</a>.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Links to this or any other Political Graveyard page are welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimes change as the site develops.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> If you are searching for a specific named individual, try the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html">alphabetical index of politicians</a>.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b>Copyright notices:</b> (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/copyright/cases/499_US_340.htm">Feist v. Rural Telephone</a>. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute <b>fair use</b> under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons License</a>.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b>Site information:</b> The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by <b>Lawrence Kestenbaum</b>, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address is <b>The Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106.</b> — This site is hosted by <b><a href="https://www.hdl.com">HDL</a></b>. — The Political Graveyard opened on <b>July 1, 1996</b>; the last full revision was done on <b>March 8, 2023</b>. </span></td></tr> </table> <hr> <table align="center" cellpadding=5><tr> <td align="center" valign="center"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" border="0" src="https://creativecommons.org/images/public/somerights.gif" width=88 height=31></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/politicalgraveyard" target="_TOP" title="The Political Graveyard"><img src="https://badge.facebook.com/badge/40475596932.4982.1015512377.png" width="120" height="84" style="border: 0px;" /></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/polgraveyard"> <img src="https://twitter-badges.s3.amazonaws.com/follow_us-a.png" border=0 alt="Follow polgraveyard on Twitter"/></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=thepoliticalg-20&path=subst/home/home.html"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/a150X70b.gif" border=0 alt="[Amazon.com]" align="center"></a></td> </tr></table> </body> </html>