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title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-簡介" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#簡介"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>簡介</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-簡介-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-早期的報紙" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期的報紙"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>早期的報紙</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期的報紙-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-报纸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#报纸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>报纸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-报纸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-欧洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#欧洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>欧洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-欧洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>美洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中东" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中东"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>中东</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中东-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工业革命" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工业革命"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>工业革命</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工业革命-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>分类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-組織及人員" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#組織及人員"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>組織及人員</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-組織及人員-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-發行量及讀者群" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發行量及讀者群"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>發行量及讀者群</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發行量及讀者群-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-廣告" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#廣告"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>廣告</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-廣告-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-新闻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新闻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>新闻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-新闻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電視及網路造成的衝擊" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電視及網路造成的衝擊"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>電視及網路造成的衝擊</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電視及網路造成的衝擊-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>列表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">報紙</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。164种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-164" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">164种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerant" title="Koerant – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koerant" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitung" title="Zeitung – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zeitung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prensa_escrita" title="Prensa escrita – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Prensa escrita" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%93aweswyrt" title="Nēaweswyrt – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nēaweswyrt" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अखबार – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अखबार" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9" title="صحيفة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صحيفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%99%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܣܦܪܙܒܢܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܦܪܙܒܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جورنان – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورنان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3dicu" title="Periódicu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Periódicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99zet" title="Qəzet – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qəzet" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%87" title="قزئته – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قزئته" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гәзит – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гәзит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeidung" title="Zeidung – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zeidung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazieta" title="Gazieta – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gazieta" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газета – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Газета" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газэта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Газэта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Вестник – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вестник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अखबार – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अखबार" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="সংবাদপত্র – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সংবাদপত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཚགས་པར། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཚགས་པར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazetenn" title="Kazetenn – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kazetenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novine" title="Novine – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Novine" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Һонин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Һонин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diari" title="Diari – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3%CC%A4-c%C4%81i" title="Bó̤-cāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bó̤-cāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Газет – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Газет" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantalaan-balita" title="Mantalaan-balita – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mantalaan-balita" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95" title="ڕۆژنامە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژنامە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta" title="Gazeta – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gazeta" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noviny" title="Noviny – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Noviny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хаçат – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хаçат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papur_newydd" title="Papur newydd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Papur newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avis" title="Avis – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Avis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitung" title="Zeitung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zeitung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qezeta" title="Qezeta – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qezeta" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%86%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Εφημερίδα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εφημερίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Newspaper" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeto" title="Gazeto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gazeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3dico" title="Periódico – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Periódico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajaleht" title="Ajaleht – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ajaleht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egunkari" title="Egunkari – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egunkari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="روزنامه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روزنامه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanomalehti" title="Sanomalehti – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sanomalehti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%B3jlawema" title="Xójlawema – 丰语" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Xójlawema" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="丰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal" title="Journal – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Journal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleer" title="Bleer – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bleer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krante" title="Krante – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Krante" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuacht%C3%A1n" title="Nuachtán – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nuachtán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%B1" title="報 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="報" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0ipear-naidheachd" title="Pàipear-naidheachd – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pàipear-naidheachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3dico" title="Periódico – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Periódico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabyr-naight" title="Pabyr-naight – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pabyr-naight" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarida" title="Jarida – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jarida" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F" title="עיתון – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיתון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="समाचारपत्र – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समाचारपत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhbaar" title="Akhbaar – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Akhbaar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novine" title="Novine – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Novine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ajs%C3%A1g" title="Újság – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Újság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A9" title="Թերթ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թերթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koran" title="Koran – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagbla%C3%B0" title="Dagblað – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dagblað" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giornale" title="Giornale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giornale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="新聞 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="新聞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuuzpiepa" title="Nyuuzpiepa – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Nyuuzpiepa" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layang_kabar" title="Layang kabar – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Layang kabar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="გაზეთი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაზეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta" title="Gazeta – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gazeta" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatheti" title="Gatheti – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Gatheti" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Газет – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Газет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%8F" title="កាសែត – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាសែត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ವೃತ್ತಪತ್ರಿಕೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೃತ್ತಪತ್ರಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8" title="신문 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신문" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Газет – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Газет" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اخبار – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اخبار" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rojname" title="Rojname – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rojname" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_nowodhow" title="Paper nowodhow – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Paper nowodhow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гезит – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гезит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarium" title="Diarium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Diarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitung" title="Zeitung – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zeitung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gez%C3%A8t" title="Gezèt – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gezèt" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giornal" title="Giornal – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giornal" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulun%C3%A1" title="Zuluná – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zuluná" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1" title="ໜັງສືພິມ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໜັງສືພິມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laikra%C5%A1tis" title="Laikraštis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laikraštis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laikraksts" title="Laikraksts – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Laikraksts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koran" title="Koran – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Koran" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazety" title="Gazety – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gazety" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surek_kaba" title="Surek kaba – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Surek kaba" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Весник – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Весник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ദിനപത്രം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദിനപത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Сонин – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сонин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="वृत्तपत्र – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वृत्तपत्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhbar" title="Akhbar – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akhbar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornal" title="Jornal – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Jornal" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="သတင်းစာ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတင်းစာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87" title="روزنومه – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روزنومه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blatt_(Narichten)" title="Blatt (Narichten) – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Blatt (Narichten)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krante" title="Krante – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Krante" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="समाचारपत्र – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="समाचारपत्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C" title="बुखँपौ – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बुखँपौ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krant" title="Krant – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Krant" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avis" title="Avis – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Avis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avis" title="Avis – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Avis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A2zette" title="Gâzette – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Gâzette" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premsa" title="Premsa – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Premsa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaziettu" title="Gaziettu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Gaziettu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Газет – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Газет" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਅਖ਼ਬਾਰ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਖ਼ਬਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyaryo" title="Dyaryo – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Dyaryo" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korant" title="Korant – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Korant" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiding" title="Zeiding – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Zeiding" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta" title="Gazeta – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gazeta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اخبار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اخبار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%81%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%87" title="ورځپاڼه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ورځپاڼه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornal" title="Jornal – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jornal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mit%27awa" title="Mit'awa – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mit'awa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziar" title="Ziar – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ziar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazet%C3%A2" title="Gazetâ – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Gazetâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газета – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Газета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%8B)" title="Новины (папірёвы) – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Новины (папірёвы)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वार्त्तापत्रम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वार्त्तापत्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0h%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хаhыат – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хаhыат" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Newspaper" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اخبار – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اخبار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviisa" title="Aviisa – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Aviisa" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novine" title="Novine – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Novine" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A" title="පුවත්පත් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුවත්පත්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Newspaper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noviny" title="Noviny – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Noviny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Casopis" title="Časopis – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Časopis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepanhau" title="Pepanhau – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Pepanhau" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta" title="Gazeta – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gazeta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Новине – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Новине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koran" title="Koran – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Koran" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidning" title="Tidning – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tidning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeti" title="Gazeti – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gazeti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajt%C5%AFng" title="Cajtůng – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cajtůng" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D" title="நாளிதழ் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாளிதழ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="వార్తాపత్రిక – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వార్తాపత్రిక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%AF%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Рӯзнома – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рӯзнома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%8C" title="หนังสือพิมพ์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หนังสือพิมพ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazet" title="Gazet – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gazet" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahayagan" title="Pahayagan – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pahayagan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazete" title="Gazete – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gazete" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газета – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Газета" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Солун – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Солун" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газета – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Газета" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اخبار – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اخبار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta" title="Gazeta – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gazeta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testada_giorna%C5%82istica" title="Testada giornałistica – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Testada giornałistica" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1o_vi%E1%BA%BFt" title="Báo viết – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Báo viết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazette" title="Gazette – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gazette" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazete" title="Gazete – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gazete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodiko" title="Peryodiko – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8" title="报纸 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="报纸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Газет – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Газет" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="გაზეთი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გაზეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="צייטונג – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צייטונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cw%C3%A9%C3%ACr%C3%B2y%C3%ACn" title="Ìwéìròyìn – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìwéìròyìn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauqceij" title="Bauqceij – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bauqceij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-b%C3%BBn-ch%C3%B3a" title="Sin-bûn-chóa – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sin-bûn-chóa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="報紙 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="報紙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphephandaba" title="Iphephandaba – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Iphephandaba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11032#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div 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for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&oldid=83959169" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&id=83959169&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25A0%25B1%25E7%25B4%2599"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25A0%25B1%25E7%25B4%2599"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Newspapers" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11032" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="报纸">报纸</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_Sai_Ying_Pun_18_Centre_Street_%E5%95%9F%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_Kaiser_Centre_7-11_shop_newspaper_ON_SingTao_n_MingPao_Jan-2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/HK_Sai_Ying_Pun_18_Centre_Street_%E5%95%9F%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_Kaiser_Centre_7-11_shop_newspaper_ON_SingTao_n_MingPao_Jan-2015.jpg/220px-HK_Sai_Ying_Pun_18_Centre_Street_%E5%95%9F%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_Kaiser_Centre_7-11_shop_newspaper_ON_SingTao_n_MingPao_Jan-2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/HK_Sai_Ying_Pun_18_Centre_Street_%E5%95%9F%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_Kaiser_Centre_7-11_shop_newspaper_ON_SingTao_n_MingPao_Jan-2015.jpg/330px-HK_Sai_Ying_Pun_18_Centre_Street_%E5%95%9F%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_Kaiser_Centre_7-11_shop_newspaper_ON_SingTao_n_MingPao_Jan-2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/HK_Sai_Ying_Pun_18_Centre_Street_%E5%95%9F%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_Kaiser_Centre_7-11_shop_newspaper_ON_SingTao_n_MingPao_Jan-2015.jpg/440px-HK_Sai_Ying_Pun_18_Centre_Street_%E5%95%9F%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_Kaiser_Centre_7-11_shop_newspaper_ON_SingTao_n_MingPao_Jan-2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>香港便利店中的报纸</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_Scene_-_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Street_Scene_-_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg/220px-Street_Scene_-_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Street_Scene_-_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg/330px-Street_Scene_-_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Street_Scene_-_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg/440px-Street_Scene_-_Salta_-_Argentina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94" title="萨尔塔">萨尔塔</a>的一家報攤</figcaption></figure> <p><b>報紙</b>（或稱<b>报章</b>、<b>新聞紙</b><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>）是一種以重量較輕，價值較低的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8" title="纸">紙張</a>印刷而成的出版品。報紙通常分為多個版別，刊載不同主題的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="新聞">新聞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="消息">消息</a>、評論、專欄等，主題包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>、經濟、知識、社會事件、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="体育运动">體育</a>、意見、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="天氣">天氣</a>、星座運勢等等，也可能包含<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="漫畫">漫畫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%8D%A8" title="數獨">數獨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%AB%E5%AD%97%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="填字游戏">填字遊戲</a>等娛樂。商業報紙的收入來自<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BB%E8%80%85" class="mw-disambig" title="读者">讀者</a>訂閱或購買，以及商業廣告的收入。隨著網際網路發展，許多報社也透過網路發行<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%A0%B1" title="電子報">電子報</a>，有些甚至完全轉型成網路報並取消紙質報紙的業務。 </p><p>報紙從17世紀的歐洲開始興起，隨著印刷術的發達逐漸普及，在2007年時，世界上有6,580種<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="日報">日報</a>，每天銷售將近四億份。不過在<a href="/wiki/2007%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D2013%E5%B9%B4%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="2007年－2013年环球金融危机">2008金融危機</a>時，由於經濟的不景氣加上網路媒體的快速發展，造成銷售及廣告的巨幅下滑，因此許多報紙停刊或縮小規模<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但也有許多報社將報紙的內容放在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99" title="網站">網站</a>中，即為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%A0%B1" title="電子報">電子報</a>。 </p><p>報紙是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93" title="传播媒体">传播媒体</a>的一種。绝大多数國家的人民都可以自由創辦報刊，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="言論自由">言論自由</a>中的一部份，但也有例外：像<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E5%9A%B4%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="戒嚴時期">戒嚴時期</a>曾有<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A5%E7%A6%81" title="报禁">报禁</a>，停止新報紙登記，一直到1988年才解除报禁<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="簡介"><span id=".E7.B0.A1.E4.BB.8B"></span>簡介</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：簡介"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>報紙多半會是每天發行（日報）、或是每週發行（週報）。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C" title="新聞雜誌">新聞雜誌</a>一般也是每週發行，不過是用雜誌的方式呈現。大眾型的報紙一般會有針對國內新聞及國際新聞的報導以及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特寫報導" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="feature story"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%AF%AB%E5%A0%B1%E5%B0%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特寫報導（页面不存在）">特寫報導</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/feature_story" class="extiw" title="en:feature story"><span lang="en" dir="auto">feature story</span></a></span>）</span></span>，也會包括地方性的新聞。新聞會包括<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="政治新聞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="business journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政治新聞（页面不存在）">政治新聞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/business_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:business journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">business journalism</span></a></span>）</span></span>及財經新聞、治安、氣象及大型災害、 <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="醫藥新聞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="medical journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E8%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="醫藥新聞（页面不存在）">醫療與健康</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/medical_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:medical journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">medical journalism</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科學新聞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="science journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科學新聞（页面不存在）">科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/science_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:science journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">science journalism</span></a></span>）</span></span>、電腦與技術、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="運動新聞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="sports journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="運動新聞（页面不存在）">運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sports_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:sports journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">sports journalism</span></a></span>）</span></span>及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="娛樂新聞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="entertainment journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="娱乐新闻">娛樂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/entertainment_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:entertainment journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">entertainment journalism</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社會報導" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="society reporting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%B1%E5%B0%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會報導（页面不存在）">社會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/society_reporting" class="extiw" title="en:society reporting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">society reporting</span></a></span>）</span></span>、美食及烹調、時尚及家居、以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E" title="藝術種類">藝術</a>。一般報紙會依照其主要分類分為幾個部份（標示A、B、C等，其頁碼前也會加上其分類，例如A1-A20、B1-B20、C1-C20等）。大部份傳統的報紙會有社論頁面，其中有報紙主編所寫，針對公眾事件或議題的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E8%AE%BA" title="社论">社论</a>，有些也會有向其他人邀稿的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E8%AE%BA%E5%AF%B9%E9%A1%B5%E7%89%88" title="社论对页版">社论对页版</a>（一般可能和社論在同一頁），也會有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84" class="mw-redirect" title="專欄">專欄</a>，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="專欄作家">專欄作家</a>發表其論點，多半會有一些分析及整理，設法將一些新聞的原始資料轉換為資訊，讓讀者知道較完整的資訊其中的含意，並且遊說讀者接受其論點。報紙中也會有一些沒有byline（撰文者姓名）的報導，這些一般是由報社的工作人員所寫的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下是有關報紙的四個定義<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li>公眾可取得：其內容是公眾可以用合理的方式取得的，包括傳統的報紙透過報攤、商店販售，或是放在圖書館供大家閱讀，也包括較新型的媒體或是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="線上報紙">線上報紙</a>，透過<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="互联网">互联网</a>提供內容供大眾閱讀。費用上可以是免費，或是一般人可以負擔的金額。對於有使用網路的人而言，閱讀線上報紙的比例比閱讀傳統報紙要高，但是線上報紙對於沒有網路或是不使用電腦的人而言（例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E5%AE%BF%E8%80%85" title="露宿者">露宿者</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E7%AA%AE" title="貧窮">貧窮</a>的人或是住在鄉間的人）會產生<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%90%BD%E5%B7%AE" title="數位落差">數位落差</a>，他們無法獲得這些方面的資訊。另外，對於閱讀報紙而言，<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97" title="識字">識字</a>也是重要的因素，要有識字及閱讀的能力，才能從紙本報紙或是線上報紙上取得需要的資訊，並因此而獲益。</li> <li>週期性：報紙需定期發行，可能是每日發行或是每週發行，這可以確保報紙可以提供新興新聞或事件的資訊。</li> <li>及時性：報紙的內容要儘可能提供最新的訊息，不過這會受到發行週期的限制。印刷報紙的即時性除了受到發行週期影響外，也會受到報紙印刷及分送所需的時間所影響。有一些大都市的報紙會有早報版及晚報版，一些在早報版發行後發生的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%81%E7%99%BC%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="突發新聞（页面不存在）">突發新聞</a>就可以放在晚報版中。線上報紙有更快的更新頻率，甚至會在一天中更新很多次，因此線上報紙的及時性會比印刷報紙要好很多。</li> <li>一般性：報紙會包括許多的主題，包括政治性及商業性的新聞，以及科技、藝術、文化及娛樂上的新資訊。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="早期的報紙"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F.E7.9A.84.E5.A0.B1.E7.B4.99"></span>早期的報紙</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：早期的報紙"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>凱撒時期把元老院決議事項次日全部公開，屋大維時期不在《元老院議事報》公開張貼，改由「公文書庫」保管，同樣也是速記方式記錄；但只有想看的人才會閱讀。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="古罗马时代">古羅馬時代</a>就有《每日纪事》（Acta Diurna），是政府發佈的新聞公告，刻在金屬或石頭上，張貼在公眾場所。 </p><p>中國早期的政府新聞報紙稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B8%E6%8A%A5" title="邸报">邸报</a>，始於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢朝">漢朝</a>，最初是由朝廷內部傳抄，後遂張貼於宮門，公諸傳抄。<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>時期有最早的流通性報紙<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E6%9D%82%E6%8A%A5" title="开元杂报">開元雜報</a>。宋朝除了官方发行的朝报，亦出现了私人撰写的“小报”，由<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%A5%8F%E9%99%A2" title="進奏院">进奏院</a>中的邸吏“以小纸书之，飞报远近”，大受欢迎并可从中获利：“日出一纸，坐获不赀之利”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1582年，于明朝末年時在北京出现了第一份私人出版的報紙<sup id="cite_ref-brook_xxi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brook_xxi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="近代史">近代時期</a>歐洲各地區之間的互動增加．因此對於訊息的需求也更迫切，當時有一份簡單手抄的新聞紙，稱為avvisi。在1556年時<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="威尼斯共和国">威尼斯共和国</a>的政府固定每月發行《Notizie scritte》，每份約需一個gazetta（當時的小額硬幣）<sup id="cite_ref-WAN_timeline_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAN_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這些手寫報紙在1500至1700年間在義大利城市之間快速的傳播政治、軍事及經濟的新聞，有一些報紙的特徵，但一般不將這些手寫報紙視為真正的報紙<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="报纸"><span id=".E6.8A.A5.E7.BA.B8"></span>报纸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：报纸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="欧洲"><span id=".E6.AC.A7.E6.B4.B2"></span>欧洲</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：欧洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英国报纸历史（页面不存在）">英国报纸历史</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relation_Aller_Fuernemmen_und_gedenckwuerdigen_Historien_(1609).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Relation_Aller_Fuernemmen_und_gedenckwuerdigen_Historien_%281609%29.jpg/220px-Relation_Aller_Fuernemmen_und_gedenckwuerdigen_Historien_%281609%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Relation_Aller_Fuernemmen_und_gedenckwuerdigen_Historien_%281609%29.jpg/330px-Relation_Aller_Fuernemmen_und_gedenckwuerdigen_Historien_%281609%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Relation_Aller_Fuernemmen_und_gedenckwuerdigen_Historien_%281609%29.jpg/440px-Relation_Aller_Fuernemmen_und_gedenckwuerdigen_Historien_%281609%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1235" /></a><figcaption>1609年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·卡罗鲁斯（页面不存在）">约翰·卡罗鲁斯</a>的作品《Relation》，第一份报纸</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josef_Danhauser,_Newspaper_readers_,_1840._Oil_on_wood,_21_x_17_cm._Belvedere,_Vienna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Josef_Danhauser%2C_Newspaper_readers_%2C_1840._Oil_on_wood%2C_21_x_17_cm._Belvedere%2C_Vienna.jpg/220px-Josef_Danhauser%2C_Newspaper_readers_%2C_1840._Oil_on_wood%2C_21_x_17_cm._Belvedere%2C_Vienna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Josef_Danhauser%2C_Newspaper_readers_%2C_1840._Oil_on_wood%2C_21_x_17_cm._Belvedere%2C_Vienna.jpg/330px-Josef_Danhauser%2C_Newspaper_readers_%2C_1840._Oil_on_wood%2C_21_x_17_cm._Belvedere%2C_Vienna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Josef_Danhauser%2C_Newspaper_readers_%2C_1840._Oil_on_wood%2C_21_x_17_cm._Belvedere%2C_Vienna.jpg/440px-Josef_Danhauser%2C_Newspaper_readers_%2C_1840._Oil_on_wood%2C_21_x_17_cm._Belvedere%2C_Vienna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="1123" /></a><figcaption>约瑟夫·丹豪泽的肖像画作《报纸读者》，1840年</figcaption></figure> <p>首个可以大规模生产印刷书籍的机械活字印刷术是由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰内斯·古腾堡">约翰内斯·古腾堡</a>于1450年左右发明的。在古腾堡开始印刷的50年里，估计有50万本书在流通，印刷在整个欧洲大陆的大约1000台印刷机上。古腾堡的发明是一个简单的设备，但它引发了一场由技术的反复进步所标志的革命，从而普及了自由和信息交流自由的理念。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>17世纪新媒体的出现与印刷机的传播紧密相关，出版<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="出版">出版</a>的术语也是从此而来。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>德国语言的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E5%88%87%E6%98%BE%E8%A6%81%E5%92%8C%E5%80%BC%E5%BE%97%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关于一切显要和值得纪念的历史（页面不存在）">关于一切显要和值得纪念的历史</a>（<i>Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien</i>）从1605年开始由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·卡罗鲁斯（页面不存在）">约翰·卡罗鲁斯</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="斯特拉斯堡">斯特拉斯堡</a>发行，通常被认为是第一份报纸。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 第二份报纸是德国的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Avisa_Relation_oder_Zeitung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avisa Relation oder Zeitung（页面不存在）">Avisa</a>，从1609年开始在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E8%8A%AC%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="沃尔芬比特尔">沃尔芬比特尔</a>发行。这两份报纸通过定期出版，与其他印刷材料相区别。它们向广大公众报告各种时事。几十年内，欧洲所有主要城市都可以找到报纸，从<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯">威尼斯</a>到伦敦。 </p><p>荷兰的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E3%80%81%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AD%89%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利、德国等国的关联新闻（页面不存在）">意大利、德国等国的关联新闻</a>（<i>Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c.</i>）于1618年首次以<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E8%A8%82" title="裝訂">大开本</a>而不是四开本的方式出版。作为全球贸易中心的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>很快成为许多语言的报纸的发源地，通常在它们自己的国家出版之前就已经在这里发行。<sup id="cite_ref-stephens_collier's_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephens_collier's-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 第一份英语报纸，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E3%80%81%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AD%89%E5%9C%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关于意大利、德国等地的新闻（页面不存在）">从意大利、德国等地的新闻</a>（<i>Corrant out of Italy, Germany, etc.</i>）于1620年在阿姆斯特丹出版。同年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%AB%E6%99%AE" title="安特卫普">安特卫普</a>的期刊<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nieuwe_Tijdinghen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nieuwe Tijdinghen（页面不存在）">Nieuwe Tijdinghen</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E9%9C%8D%E8%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕·费尔霍芬（页面不存在）">亚伯拉罕·费尔霍芬</a>（Abraham Verhoeven）出版。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1621年，<span lang="enm">从意大利、德国等地的新闻，匈牙利、波兰、波西米亚、法国和低地国家的新闻</span>（<i>Corante, or weekely newes from Italy, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, France and the Low Countreys</i>）在英国由“N.B.”（通常被认为是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E6%A3%AE%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内森尼尔·巴特（页面不存在）">内森尼尔·巴特</a>（Nathaniel Butter）或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼古拉斯·伯恩（页面不存在）">尼古拉斯·伯恩</a>（Nicholas Bourne））和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%BD%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托马斯·阿彻（页面不存在）">托马斯·阿彻</a>（Thomas Archer）出版。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 法国第一份报纸是在1631年发行的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)" title="公报 (法国)">La Gazette</a>（最初发行为<span lang="fr">Gazette de France</span>）。<sup id="cite_ref-WAN_timeline_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAN_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 意大利的第一份报纸，根据仍然保存的最古老的问题，是1639年在<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A" title="热那亚">热那亚</a>发行的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A" title="热那亚">Di Genova</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Far_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Far-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 葡萄牙的第一份报纸<a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Gazeta_da_Restaura%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Gazeta da Restauração（页面不存在）">A Gazeta da Restauração</a>于1641年在<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a>发行。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 西班牙的第一份报纸，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5" title="西班牙国家官方公报">Gaceta de Madrid</a>，于1661年出版。 </p><p>瑞典的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-_och_Inrikes_Tidningar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post- och Inrikes Tidningar（页面不存在）">Post- och Inrikes Tidningar</a>（最初名为<i>Ordinari Post Tijdender</i>）于1645年首次发行，是迄今为止存在最久的报纸，尽管现在它只在线上发行。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1656年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86" title="哈勒姆">哈勒姆</a>发行的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Opregte_Haarlemsche_Courant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opregte Haarlemsche Courant（页面不存在）">Opregte Haarlemsche Courant</a>是最早仍在印刷的报纸。当德国占领荷兰时，该报纸于1942年被迫与报纸<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈勒姆日报（页面不存在）">哈勒姆日报</a>合并。此后，哈勒姆日报一直以子标题Oprechte Haerlemse Courant 1656发行。波兰的克拉科夫在1661年出版了<a href="/w/index.php?title=Merkuriusz_Polski_Ordynaryjny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny（页面不存在）">Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny</a>。第一份成功的英语日报，<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Daily_Courant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Daily Courant（页面不存在）">The Daily Courant</a>，于1702年至1735年出版。<sup id="cite_ref-stephens_collier's_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephens_collier's-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="美洲"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E6.B4.B2"></span>美洲</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：美洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国报纸的历史（页面不存在）">美国报纸的历史</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drawing_of_a_country_store_by_Marguerite_Martyn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Drawing_of_a_country_store_by_Marguerite_Martyn.jpg/220px-Drawing_of_a_country_store_by_Marguerite_Martyn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Drawing_of_a_country_store_by_Marguerite_Martyn.jpg/330px-Drawing_of_a_country_store_by_Marguerite_Martyn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Drawing_of_a_country_store_by_Marguerite_Martyn.jpg/440px-Drawing_of_a_country_store_by_Marguerite_Martyn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2042" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%90%89%E4%B8%BD%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马吉丽特·马丁（页面不存在）">马吉丽特·马丁</a>于1906年10月21日在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E9%82%AE%E6%8A%A5-%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E6%8A%A5%E3%80%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣路易斯邮报-调查报》（页面不存在）">圣路易斯邮报-调查报》</a>上刊登的一幅幻想中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E8%B4%A7%E5%BA%97" class="mw-redirect" title="杂货店">杂货店</a>图。在最左边，一群人分享着一份报纸。</figcaption></figure> <p>1690年，在波士顿，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%B0%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%88%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%95%86%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本杰明·哈里斯（出版商）（页面不存在）">本杰明·哈里斯</a>出版了<a href="/w/index.php?title=Publick_Occurrences_Both_Forreign_and_Domestick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick（页面不存在）">Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick</a>。尽管该报只发行了一期，但被认为是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="十三殖民地">美洲殖民地</a>的第一份报纸，在政府的压制下，它不再继续出版。 1704年，总督允许出版了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E7%AE%80%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波士顿新闻简报（页面不存在）">波士顿新闻简报</a>，它成为殖民地中首份持续出版的报纸。不久之后，纽约和费城开始出版每周报纸。这些早期报纸遵循英国的格式，通常为四页长。它们主要报道来自英国的新闻，内容取决于编辑的兴趣。1783年，宾夕法尼亚晚报成为美国第一份日报。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1752年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·布什尔（页面不存在）">约翰·布什尔</a>出版了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%95%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈利法克斯公报（页面不存在）">哈利法克斯公报</a>，宣称是“加拿大第一份报纸”。然而，它的正式后代，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皇家公报（页面不存在）">皇家公报</a>，是一份发布法律通告和宣告的政府出版物，而不是正式的报纸。1764年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E7%BA%AA%E4%BA%8B%E6%8A%A5-%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魁北克纪事报-电信报（页面不存在）">魁北克纪事报-电信报</a><i>首次出版，1764年6月21日，至今仍是北美洲持续出版时间最长的报纸，名为</i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E7%BA%AA%E4%BA%8B%E6%8A%A5-%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魁北克纪事报-电信报（页面不存在）">魁北克纪事报-电信报</a><i>。它目前作为一份英语周报出版，办公地址位于加拿大魁北克市1040 Belvédère，218号。在1808年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E7%BA%A6%E7%83%AD%E5%86%85%E5%8D%A2%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里约热内卢公报（页面不存在）">里约热内卢公报</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>首次出版，使用从英国带来的设备印刷，出版有利于<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99-%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%BB%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙-巴西-阿尔加维联合王国">葡萄牙，巴西和阿尔加夫联合王国</a>政府的新闻，因为它是由葡萄牙王室的官方新闻服务制作的。</i> </p><p>1821年，在解禁私人报纸流通之后，首次出现了第一份非帝国印刷出版物，即<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E7%BA%A6%E7%83%AD%E5%86%85%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里约热内卢日报（页面不存在）">里约热内卢日报</a>，尽管当时已经存在着<a href="/w/index.php?title=Correio_Braziliense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Correio Braziliense（页面不存在）">Correio Braziliense</a>，由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希波利托·约瑟·达·科斯塔（页面不存在）">希波利托·约瑟·达·科斯塔</a>与公报同时出版，但是来自<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a>，并且积极提出政治和批判性思想，旨在揭示政府的缺陷。秘鲁的第一份报纸是El Peruano，成立于1825年10月，如今仍在出版，但已经多次更名。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="中东"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.9C"></span>中东</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：中东"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中东报纸的历史（页面不存在）">中东报纸的历史</a></div> <p>中东报纸的历史可以追溯到19世纪。许多编辑不仅是记者，还是作家、哲学家和政治家。这些知识分子通过非官方杂志在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="伊朗歷史">波斯</a>帝国中鼓励公众讨论政治。各种文学作品都以连载形式在报纸上发布。 </p><p>奥斯曼帝国的第一批报纸是由住在那里的外国人拥有的，他们想对西方世界进行宣传。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 最早的一份报纸是1795年由法国宫在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E4%BC%8A%E5%A5%A5%E5%8D%A2" title="贝伊奥卢">伯拉</a>印刷的。中东的土著新闻从1828年开始，在这一年，埃及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C" title="穆罕默德·阿里">穆罕默德·阿里</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%AA%E5%A4%AB" title="赫迪夫">尼赫瓦特</a>）下令在当地建立公报<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vekayi-i_Misriye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vekayi-i Misriye（页面不存在）">Vekayi-i Misriye</a></i>（埃及事务）。<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 它是第一份同时使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="奥斯曼土耳其语">奥斯曼土耳其语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a>对页印刷的报纸，后来只用阿拉伯语，在标题为“<i>al-Waqa'i'a al-Masriya</i>”下发行。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>第一份非官方的土耳其报纸Ceride-i Havadis（事件登记）于1840年由英国人威廉·丘吉尔（William Churchill）出版。由土耳其记者创办的第一份私人报纸Tercüman-ı Ahvâl（事件翻译者）于1860年由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3%C2%B7%E4%BB%80%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊布拉欣·什纳西（页面不存在）">伊布拉欣·什纳西</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_%C5%9Einasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Şinasi（页面不存在）">İbrahim Şinasi</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%A0%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E8%8F%B2%E8%BF%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿加·艾菲迪（页面不存在）">阿加·艾菲迪</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Agah_Efendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agah Efendi（页面不存在）">Agah Efendi</a>）创办并发行。<sup id="cite_ref-Ágoston_433_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ágoston_433-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 伊朗的第一份报纸Kaghaz-e Akhbar（报纸）于1837年由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%89%8E%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E8%8E%B1%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E4%BB%80%E6%8B%89%E5%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米尔扎·萨莱赫·什拉兹（页面不存在）">米尔扎·萨莱赫·什拉兹</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirza_Saleh_Shirazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirza Saleh Shirazi（页面不存在）">Mirza Saleh Shirazi</a>）为政府创办。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="阿拉伯半岛">阿拉伯半岛</a>上的第一批期刊出现在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%B4%BE%E5%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="希贾兹">希贾兹</a>，当该地区在第一次世界大战结束后摆脱奥斯曼统治时。在阿拉伯媒体上署名的最早的女性之一是女性医生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E4%B8%BD%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E7%8E%9B%E6%B1%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加丽拉·塔玛汉（页面不存在）">加丽拉·塔玛汉</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galila_Tamarhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galila Tamarhan（页面不存在）">Galila Tamarhan</a>），她在1860年代为一本名为“<i>Ya'asub al-Tib</i>”（医学领袖）的医学杂志撰写了文章。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工业革命"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E4.B8.9A.E9.9D.A9.E5.91.BD"></span>工业革命</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：工业革命"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_front_page_of_the_Helsingin_Sanomat_for_July_7,_1904_(2).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/The_front_page_of_the_Helsingin_Sanomat_for_July_7%2C_1904_%282%29.png/220px-The_front_page_of_the_Helsingin_Sanomat_for_July_7%2C_1904_%282%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/The_front_page_of_the_Helsingin_Sanomat_for_July_7%2C_1904_%282%29.png/330px-The_front_page_of_the_Helsingin_Sanomat_for_July_7%2C_1904_%282%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/The_front_page_of_the_Helsingin_Sanomat_for_July_7%2C_1904_%282%29.png/440px-The_front_page_of_the_Helsingin_Sanomat_for_July_7%2C_1904_%282%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2949" data-file-height="3912" /></a><figcaption>1904年7月7日的<span lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5" title="赫尔辛基日报">赫尔辛基日报</a></span>（Helsingin Sanomat）首页</figcaption></figure> <p>到19世纪初，欧洲、北美和南美的许多城市都出版了类似报纸的出版物，尽管它们的发展方式并不完全相同；内容在很大程度上受到地区和文化偏好的影响。<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 与<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="工业革命">工业革命</a>有关的印刷技术进步使报纸成为更广泛传播的沟通方式，新的印刷技术使印刷变得更加便宜和高效。1814年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E6%8A%A5" title="泰晤士报">泰晤士报</a>（The Times，伦敦）获得了一台每小时可制作1100次印刷的印刷机。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 不久，这台印刷机被改装成可以一次在页面的两面上印刷。这一创新使报纸变得更加便宜，从而能够覆盖更大的人口。 </p><p>1830年，市场上出现了第一份廉价的“一便士报纸”：林德·M·沃尔特（Lynde M. Walter）的波士顿<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E6%99%9A%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波士顿晚报（页面不存在）">晚报</a>（Transcript）。<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 一便士报纸的售价大约是其他报纸的六分之一，吸引了更广泛的读者群，包括受教育程度较低和收入较低的人。<sup id="cite_ref-bird_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bird-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 在法国，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃米尔·德·吉拉丁（页面不存在）">埃米尔·德·吉拉丁</a>（Émile de Girardin）于1836年创办了<span lang="fr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Presse_(French_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Presse (French newspaper)（页面不存在）">La Presse</a></span>，将廉价、广告支持的日报引入了法国。1848年，奥地利人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥古斯特·詹格（页面不存在）">奥古斯特·詹格</a>（August Zang）在巴黎认识吉拉丁后，回到维也纳，以<span lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Presse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Presse（页面不存在）">Die Presse</a></span>的方式引入了相同的方法（该报纸的名称是以并直接模仿了吉拉丁的出版物）。<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分类"><span id=".E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>分类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>依照出刊期間的不同，報紙可分為： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="日報">日報</a>，或稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="早报">早报</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%A8%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="晨報">晨報</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E5%A0%B1" title="晚報">晚報</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="时报">時報</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E5%A0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="週報（页面不存在）">週報</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E9%80%B1%E5%A0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙週報（页面不存在）">雙週報</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E5%88%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="月刊">月刊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9F%E5%A4%96" title="號外">號外</a>以及網上的即時新聞</li></ul> <p>依照每日出刊時間的不同，則可分為： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="日報">日報</a>，或稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="早报">早报</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E5%A0%B1" title="晚報">晚報</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="时报">時報</a></li></ul> <p>依照政治立場的不同，以<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>为例則可分為： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="建制派 (香港)">建制派</a>報紙</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%96%93%E6%B4%BE_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="中間派 (香港)">中间派</a>報紙</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="民主派 (香港)">民主派</a>報紙</li></ul> <p>依照收費與否，則可分為： </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%B6%E8%B2%BB%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="收費報紙（页面不存在）">收費報紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%BB%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="免費報紙">免費報紙</a></li></ul> <p>依照媒體形態不同，則可分為： </p> <ul><li>印刷報紙</li> <li>網上版報紙</li> <li>電子報</li> <li>電子手帳版報紙</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="組織及人員"><span id=".E7.B5.84.E7.B9.94.E5.8F.8A.E4.BA.BA.E5.93.A1"></span>組織及人員</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：組織及人員"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gazeta_Lubuska_newsroom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gazeta_Lubuska_newsroom.jpg/220px-Gazeta_Lubuska_newsroom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gazeta_Lubuska_newsroom.jpg/330px-Gazeta_Lubuska_newsroom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gazeta_Lubuska_newsroom.jpg/440px-Gazeta_Lubuska_newsroom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>波蘭<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E5%B1%B1%E5%9F%8E" title="綠山城">綠山城</a>Gazeta Lubuska的新聞室</figcaption></figure> <p>在美國，報紙的總經理或執行長稱為發行人（publisher）<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。若在小型報紙，報社的老闆（或是最大的股東）會是發行人。發行人可能很少（甚至於從來沒有）撰寫過報導，但發行人需為報紙中的所有內容負責，並且負責經營業務，包括召募記者、編輯及其他工作人員。在美國以外地區較少看到publisher這個稱呼。大約類似電影及電視新聞的執行製作人。大部份的報社都有四個和報紙發行直接相關的部門：編輯部、製作部/印刷部、发行部及廣告部，不過有時也常會使用其他的名稱，而報社中也有一些和其他公司類似，和報紙不直接相關的部門，例如會計、行銷、人力資源及IT部門等。 </p><p>英語系的國家中，會將報社中決定報紙內容的人稱為編輯（editor），其他的稱呼有執行編輯（executive editor）、總編輯（editor-in-chief）等。小型報紙會由一名編輯決定所有的內容。大型報紙會由最資深的編輯負責出版發行，其他編輯會針對特定的領域，例如運動或是地方新聞。大部份報紙的編輯會針對報紙中的報導來<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A1%E7%A8%BF" title="审稿">审稿</a>，也會分擔<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" title="校對">校對</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E5%AF%A6%E6%9F%A5%E6%A0%B8" title="事實查核">事實查核</a>的工作。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newsboy_in_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Newsboy_in_1905.jpg/220px-Newsboy_in_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Newsboy_in_1905.jpg/330px-Newsboy_in_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Newsboy_in_1905.jpg/440px-Newsboy_in_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>1905年在加拿大賣<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Toronto Telegram" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Toronto Telegram"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Telegram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toronto Telegram（页面不存在）">Toronto Telegram</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Telegram" class="extiw" title="en:Toronto Telegram"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Toronto Telegram</span></a></span>）</span></span>的報童</figcaption></figure> <p>記者（Reporter）是指收集資訊、報導事件的新聞從業員（Journalist），寫較長，較不新聞導向文章的人會稱為特寫作家（feature writers）。<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E5%B8%AB" title="攝影師">攝影師</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E5%B8%AB" title="平面設計師">圖像製作人員</a>會提供報導中需要的照片及插圖。有些記者會負責一些特殊的領域，像是體育、宗教或是科學等，稱為Beat reporting。專欄作家會定期出稿，表達其個人意見或是經驗。印刷廠或印刷机操作员是實際印製報紙的人。許多報社的印刷已經委外，一方面是因為<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%8D%B0" title="胶印">胶印</a>（目前最常見，用來印刷報紙的作法）的成本，另一方面是因為小型報紙的印刷量可能不到一小時即可印完，因此若小型報社有自己的印刷廠，印刷廠閒置的時間會相當長。若報紙有網頁版本，會有<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%93%A1" title="網站管理員">網站管理員</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="网页设计">网页设计</a>人員來設計相關的網站，或是負責將報導上傳到網站。 </p><p>報紙發行部門的人員會和出售報紙的零售商聯絡、管理報紙訂閱、也處理報紙透過郵件、透過<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E5%A0%B1%E5%93%A1" title="送報員">售報員</a>、零售商或是售報機的發送情形。<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%BB%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="免費報紙">免費報紙</a>不需販售，不過仍會有報紙發行部門來處理報紙的發行。報紙的廣告部門不止販售報紙中的廣告空間給地區性的廠商，還幫助客戶設計並規劃廣告活動。廣告部門的其他成員也包括了依客戶需求及部門政策設計廣告的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E5%B8%AB" title="平面設計師">平面設計師</a>。若是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="無廣告媒體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Advertising-free media"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無廣告媒體（页面不存在）">無廣告報紙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising-free_media" class="extiw" title="en:Advertising-free media"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Advertising-free media</span></a></span>）</span></span>，則沒有廣告部門。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發行量及讀者群"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E8.A1.8C.E9.87.8F.E5.8F.8A.E8.AE.80.E8.80.85.E7.BE.A4"></span>發行量及讀者群</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：發行量及讀者群"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%99%BE%E5%A4%A7%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界百大报纸列表">世界百大报纸列表</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newspaper_vendor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Newspaper_vendor.jpg/220px-Newspaper_vendor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Newspaper_vendor.jpg/330px-Newspaper_vendor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Newspaper_vendor.jpg/440px-Newspaper_vendor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>倫敦<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E4%B8%81%E9%A0%93" title="帕丁頓">帕丁頓</a>的報攤，拍攝於2005年2月</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%8C%E9%87%8F_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%93%81)" title="发行量 (印刷品)">報紙发行量</a>是指報紙發行的份數，可能是每天的平均數量，或是特定日期的發行數量（一般會是週日），報紙發行量是設定廣告費率的重要因素之一。報紙發行量不一定等於報紙販售數量，因為有些報紙可能是免費分送。讀者數量也不一定和販售數量一様，多半會比販售數量要多，因為許多報紙可能會被幾個人閱讀過，不過也不排除有些列在發行量中的報紙其實沒有人閱讀過（尤其是免費的報紙）。美國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E8%A1%8C%E5%85%AC%E4%BF%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="發行公信會">發行公信會</a>有日報、週報及其他定期刊物的發行量歷史數據以及目前數據。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="已開發國家">已開發國家</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="已開發國家">OECD</a>）中的付費報紙讀者正在漸漸下降，不過主要開發中國家（巴西、印度、印尼、中華人民共和國及南非）的付費報紙讀者在漸漸上升，在2008年時開發中國家的報紙讀者首次超過已開發國家的報紙讀者<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="印度时报">印度时报</a>》（The Times of India）是印度發行量最大的英語報紙<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，每天發行量314萬份。依照2009年印度的讀者調查，最多人閱讀的地方語言（印地語）報紙是《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%BA%E6%82%9F%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="覺悟日報">覺悟日報</a>》，有5570萬名讀者 <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。依照《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟學人">經濟學人</a>》的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Tom Standage" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tom Standage"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Standage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Standage（页面不存在）">Tom Standage</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Standage" class="extiw" title="en:Tom Standage"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tom Standage</span></a></span>）</span></span>所統計，印度報紙的發行量共有1.1億份<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="廣告"><span id=".E5.BB.A3.E5.91.8A"></span>廣告</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：廣告"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C_%26_A_Speciale_Mantel-Aanbieding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/C_%26_A_Speciale_Mantel-Aanbieding.jpg/170px-C_%26_A_Speciale_Mantel-Aanbieding.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/C_%26_A_Speciale_Mantel-Aanbieding.jpg/255px-C_%26_A_Speciale_Mantel-Aanbieding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/C_%26_A_Speciale_Mantel-Aanbieding.jpg/340px-C_%26_A_Speciale_Mantel-Aanbieding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1630" /></a><figcaption>1938年荷蘭報紙的廣告，其中內容是<a href="/wiki/C%26A" title="C&A">C&A</a>販售的女裝</figcaption></figure> <p>通常一份報紙的收入會有70–80%是來自廣告，其他才是來自訂閱或是販售<sup id="cite_ref-business_model_1996_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-business_model_1996-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。最早期的<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="商业模式">商业模式</a>是讓訂戶負擔所有的印刷、分發報紙成告，後來約在1833年開始出現利用廣告來補貼印刷、分發報紙費用（甚至希望有盈餘）的商业模式調整，一開始是在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%8A%A5_(%E4%BE%BF%E5%A3%AB%E6%8A%A5)" title="纽约太阳报 (便士报)">纽约太阳报</a>，從每份6美分降價到1美分，其他的差額則是靠廣告來補貼<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naa_newspaper_ad_revenue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Naa_newspaper_ad_revenue.svg/220px-Naa_newspaper_ad_revenue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Naa_newspaper_ad_revenue.svg/330px-Naa_newspaper_ad_revenue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Naa_newspaper_ad_revenue.svg/440px-Naa_newspaper_ad_revenue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>美国报刊广告收入 - 美国报刊协会发布数据<sup id="cite_ref-NAAdata_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAAdata-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>許多<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91" title="万维网">万维网</a>上網普及的國家，上網的普及已經讓傳統廣告的客戶減少，也影響這些國家的報業。百貨公司以及超市以往可以靠購買數頁報紙廣告來行銷，但因為產業整合，已經不太可能再這麼進行<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而且報業也注意到傳統廣告的客戶開始轉向新的媒體平台。分類廣告已轉到<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="克雷格列表">克雷格列表</a>、求職網站及汽車網站等。國家級的廣告客戶也轉包括網頁、手機及富媒體平台的數位內容平台。 </p><p>近年來開始出現報紙<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88" title="業務配合">業務配合</a>的情形，也就是販售非廣告區域的版面給廣告主的情形。業務配合一般會出現在在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E8%AE%BA%E5%AF%B9%E9%A1%B5%E7%89%88" title="社论对页版">社论对页版</a>，第三方可以付費，將其內容置入。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88" title="業務配合">業務配合</a>一般會介紹新產品或是新技術，例如新的高爾夫球具技術、新型的雷射手術、或是減肥藥等。其風格會比較類似<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%A8%BF" title="新聞稿">新聞稿</a>，而不像一般客觀的新聞報導。這類的內容一般會和報紙一般新聞報導的部份區分開來，可能是透過設計及排版來區隔，或者有标签直接說明這是廣告。不過有關新聞報導內容及業務配合內容日漸混淆的問題，已受到越來越多的關注<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="新闻"><span id=".E6.96.B0.E9.97.BB"></span>新闻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：新闻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="新闻学">新闻学</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Severnyi_krai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Severnyi_krai.jpg/220px-Severnyi_krai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Severnyi_krai.jpg/330px-Severnyi_krai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Severnyi_krai.jpg/440px-Severnyi_krai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>1900年在俄羅斯<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%B0%94" title="雅罗斯拉夫尔">雅罗斯拉夫尔</a>Severnyi Kray報的編輯人員</figcaption></figure> <p>隨著報紙以定期刊物的形式出現時，製作報紙的專業開始稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="新闻学">新闻学</a>。在19世紀<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" title="黄色新闻">黄色新闻</a>的時代，許多美國的報紙會有許多聳動的新聞，原因是要讓民眾因而生氣或是興奮，而不是要告訴民眾相關的事件及資訊。以事實檢查及精準性為要求，限制較多的報導風格在第二次世界大戰時開始盛行。對於新聞的批評相當多樣，有時也相當激烈。質疑新聞可靠度的的原因可能因為不具名消息來源、拼字及字法上的錯誤、事實或是認知上的偏差、有關<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%84%E8%A2%AD" title="抄袭">抄袭</a>及造假的醜聞等。 </p><p>過去的報紙是由<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="媒體經營者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="press baron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E7%B6%93%E7%87%9F%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="媒體經營者（页面不存在）">媒體經營者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/press_baron" class="extiw" title="en:press baron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">press baron</span></a></span>）</span></span>所經營，可以發表其在政治上的觀點。1920年後大部份的主要報紙都成為大型連鎖報業的一部份，例如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="甘尼特公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gannett"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%98%E5%B0%BC%E7%89%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甘尼特公司（页面不存在）">甘尼特公司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gannett" class="extiw" title="en:Gannett"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gannett</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥克拉奇報業公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The McClatchy Company"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%87%E5%A0%B1%E6%A5%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥克拉奇報業公司（页面不存在）">麥克拉奇報業公司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_McClatchy_Company" class="extiw" title="en:The McClatchy Company"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The McClatchy Company</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="赫斯特国际集团">赫斯特国际集团</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="考克斯企業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cox Enterprises"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考克斯企業（页面不存在）">考克斯企業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cox_Enterprises" class="extiw" title="en:Cox Enterprises"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cox Enterprises</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地标媒体企业" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Landmark Media Enterprises LLC"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%A0%87%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地标媒体企业（页面不存在）">地标媒体企业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landmark_Media_Enterprises_LLC" class="extiw" title="en:Landmark Media Enterprises LLC"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Landmark Media Enterprises LLC</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫里斯通訊社" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Morris Communications"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E7%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫里斯通訊社（页面不存在）">莫里斯通訊社</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_Communications" class="extiw" title="en:Morris Communications"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Morris Communications</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="論壇公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tribune Company"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="論壇公司（页面不存在）">論壇公司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribune_Company" class="extiw" title="en:Tribune Company"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tribune Company</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霍林格公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hollinger Inc."><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍林格公司（页面不存在）">霍林格公司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollinger_Inc." class="extiw" title="en:Hollinger Inc."><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hollinger Inc.</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2_(1979%EF%BC%8D2013%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="新闻集团 (1979－2013年)">新闻集团</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Swift通訊社" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Swift Communications"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swift%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E7%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swift通訊社（页面不存在）">Swift通訊社</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift_Communications" class="extiw" title="en:Swift Communications"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Swift Communications</span></a></span>）</span></span>等。在現今的世界中，報紙對於言論自由有很重要的角色。像<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B9%E5%93%A8%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="吹哨者">吹哨者</a>或是泄露政治圈腐敗的人常會用報紙作為其發聲的管道，而不是其他的媒體，主要是靠著報紙編輯會願意將這些當事人不願其他人知道的秘密或谎言公諸於世。但是近來报纸的政治自主权已经被削弱不少。最近研究在分析报纸的結束对於政府现任者、选民投票率和竞选支出的影响<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>其他作家或是讀者的意見會放在報紙的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E8%AE%BA%E5%AF%B9%E9%A1%B5%E7%89%88" title="社论对页版">社論對頁版</a>以及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="致編者信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="letter to the editor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%B4%E7%B7%A8%E8%80%85%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="致編者信（页面不存在）">致編者信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/letter_to_the_editor" class="extiw" title="en:letter to the editor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">letter to the editor</span></a></span>）</span></span>版面中。一些報紙提昇自己可信度的方式有：任命<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E8%A8%B4%E5%B0%88%E5%93%A1" title="申訴專員">申訴專員</a>、開展其伦理政策和培训、用更严格的纠正政策、和讀者溝通其作業程序及理由、要求消息來源在發表後要審視其報導。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="電視及網路造成的衝擊"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.A6.96.E5.8F.8A.E7.B6.B2.E8.B7.AF.E9.80.A0.E6.88.90.E7.9A.84.E8.A1.9D.E6.93.8A"></span>電視及網路造成的衝擊</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：電視及網路造成的衝擊"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1990世代末期，許多已開發國家的24小時電視頻道會定期播映新聞，再加上<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="數字新聞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="online journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="數字新聞（页面不存在）">數字新聞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/online_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:online journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">online journalism</span></a></span>）</span></span>的出現，都是對報紙的挑戰。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%8C%E9%87%8F_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%93%81)" title="发行量 (印刷品)">付費發行量</a>開始下滑，而以往是報紙主要收入來源的廣告收入也漸漸從報紙轉移到新媒體（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8C%96%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="社会化媒体">社会化媒体</a>網站或是新聞網站），因此報業的收入及盈餘都普遍下滑。許多報紙在2000年代開始出現網路的版本，希望留住原有的讀者，或是吸引新的讀者。其中一個最大的挑戰是許多的新聞網站（例如<a href="/wiki/Google%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" title="Google新闻">Google新闻</a>）不需付費即可閱讀。有些線上的新聞網站是免費的，以線上廣告為其收入來源，有些則是用<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%98%E8%B2%BB%E7%89%86" title="付費牆">付費牆</a>，需付費才能閱讀完整內容。不過在開發中國家，因為印刷及分發報紙的成本較低、識字率的上昇、中產階級的興起等因素，雖然電子媒體出現，不過報紙銷量仍明顯的成長<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="The American Reporter" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The American Reporter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_American_Reporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The American Reporter（页面不存在）">The American Reporter</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_American_Reporter" class="extiw" title="en:The American Reporter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The American Reporter</span></a></span>）</span></span>在1995年4月10日成立，是第一個每天更新的網路報紙，在全球有支薪的記者，報紙內容都是原創內容。其主編及創始人是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Joe Shea" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Joe Shea"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Shea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Shea（页面不存在）">Joe Shea</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Shea" class="extiw" title="en:Joe Shea"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Joe Shea</span></a></span>）</span></span>，目前已有400位記者<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在網路高度發達的國家中，報紙的未來受到廣泛的討論，而報業也已要面對新聞紙成本上昇、廣告量下滑、許多廣告轉移到<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="克雷格列表">克雷格列表</a>、<a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>或其他網站、流通量大幅下滑的情形。在1990年代末期開始，報紙結束或嚴重削減，甚至報社破產的數量已明顯上昇，像美國，自從2001年起，記者的人數已經減少了20%<sup id="cite_ref-E&P0316_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E&P0316-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。互聯網媒體的競爭也降低了印刷出版商的收入<sup id="cite_ref-E&P0316_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E&P0316-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>相關爭議近來更加的急迫，因為2008-2009年的經濟衰退使報紙的利潤減少，而且報紙網站收入的爆炸性成長也在消退，因此報社也不能期待網站收入成為其主要收入來源<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另一個議題就是報紙產業是否只是面對<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%B0%A3%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="景氣循環">景氣循環</a>，或是新的技術已經使得傳統印刷型式的報紙變的陳舊過時了。在2017年時，有越來越多的<a href="/wiki/Y%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3" title="Y世代">Y世代</a>是從像<a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>之類的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8C%96%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="社会化媒体">社会化媒体</a>取得相關消息。2010年代時，許多傳統的報紙開始提供「電子版本」，可以在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="桌上型電腦">桌上型電腦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E8%A8%98%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="筆記型電腦">筆記型電腦</a>上閱讀，也可以在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%9D%BF%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="平板電腦">平板電腦</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%BA" title="智能手机">智能手机</a>等行動裝置上閱讀。網路版報紙會提供新的廣告機會給報社，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B9%BF%E5%91%8A" title="网络广告">网络广告</a>可以進行目標更精準的廣告投送。例如在同一個網路版報紙中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E6%BD%AE" title="嬰兒潮">嬰兒潮</a>及<a href="/wiki/Y%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3" title="Y世代">Y世代</a>的讀者可能就會看到不同的廣告。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="列表"><span id=".E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>列表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主分类：<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:報紙列表">报纸列表</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="报纸列表（页面不存在）">报纸列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A5%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="中国报刊列表">中国报刊列表</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%8A%A5%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="香港报刊列表">香港报刊列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8%E6%8A%A5%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="澳门报刊列表">澳门报刊列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%A0%B1%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣報刊列表">台灣報刊列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%8A%A5%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="马来西亚报刊列表">马来西亚报刊列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%8A%A5%E7%AB%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="新加坡报章列表">新加坡报刊列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本報紙列表（页面不存在）">日本報紙列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A5%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英国报刊列表">英国报刊列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国报刊列表" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Presse en France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A5%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国报刊列表（页面不存在）">法国报刊列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presse_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Presse en France"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Presse en France</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德國报刊列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of newspapers in Germany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%8A%A5%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德國报刊列表（页面不存在）">德國报刊列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Germany" class="extiw" title="en:List of newspapers in Germany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of newspapers in Germany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國報刊列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of newspapers in the United States"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A0%B1%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國報刊列表（页面不存在）">美國報刊列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:List of newspapers in the United States"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of newspapers in the United States</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北韓報刊列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of newspapers in North Korea"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E5%A0%B1%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北韓報刊列表（页面不存在）">北韓報刊列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_North_Korea" class="extiw" title="en:List of newspapers in North Korea"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of newspapers in North Korea</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="俄罗斯报纸列表">俄罗斯报刊列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马尼亚报刊列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of newspapers in Romania"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%8A%A5%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马尼亚报刊列表（页面不存在）">罗马尼亚报刊列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Romania" class="extiw" title="en:List of newspapers in Romania"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of newspapers in Romania</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳大利亞報紙列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of newspapers in Australia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亞報紙列表（页面不存在）">澳大利亞報紙列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Australia" class="extiw" title="en:List of newspapers in Australia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of newspapers in Australia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%99%BE%E5%A4%A7%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界百大报纸列表">世界百大报纸列表</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">日语中的汉字词<span lang="ja">新聞</span>正是取“新闻纸”、“报纸”的含义，汉语中的“<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" title="新闻">新闻</a>”在日语裡用news的音译<span lang="ja">ニュース</span>。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 32em; -webkit-column-width: 32em; column-width: 32em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Plambeck, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/business/media/27audit.html?scp=3&sq=newspapers&st=Search">Newspaper Circulation Falls Nearly 9%</a>. The New York Times. 2010-04-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-05-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201055225/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/business/media/27audit.html?scp=3&sq=newspapers&st=Search">存档</a>于2021-02-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.atitle=Newspaper+Circulation+Falls+Nearly+9%25&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.aulast=Plambeck&rft.date=2010-04-26&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F04%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2F27audit.html%3Fscp%3D3%26sq%3Dnewspapers%26st%3DSearch&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moc.gov.tw/aboutcca/INK/1/158-159.pdf">自由與理性的必要─報禁解除20年的省思向陽</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116103925/http://www.moc.gov.tw/aboutcca/INK/1/158-159.pdf">存檔</a>，存档日期2014-01-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Werner Faulstich: "Grundwissen Medien", 4th ed.,ya UTB, 2000, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-8252-8169-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-8252-8169-4">978-3-8252-8169-4</a>, chapter 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Margarete Rehm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204061954/http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/~wumsta/infopub/textbook/umfeld/rehm5.html">Margarete Rehm: Information und Kommunikaegenwart. Das 17. Jh</a>. Ib.hu-berlin.de. 2000-04-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-02-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/~wumsta/infopub/textbook/umfeld/rehm5.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-02-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.au=Margarete+Rehm&rft.btitle=Margarete+Rehm%3A+Information+und+Kommunikaegenwart.+Das+17.+Jh&rft.date=2000-04-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ib.hu-berlin.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ib.hu-berlin.de%2F~wumsta%2Finfopub%2Ftextbook%2Fumfeld%2Frehm5.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">张秀民. 中国印刷史. 上海人民出版社. 1989: 208. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-2080-0597-4" title="Special:网络书源/7-2080-0597-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-2080-0597-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E7%A7%80%E6%B0%91&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%8F%B2&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-2080-0597-4&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brook_xxi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brook_xxi_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brook, Timothy. (1998). <i>The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780520221543" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-520-22154-3</a> (Paperback). Page xxi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WAN_timeline-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WAN_timeline_8-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WAN_timeline_8-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111093302/http://www.wan-press.org/article2822.html">WAN — A Newspaper Timeline</a>. Wan and-press.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-02-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wan-press.org/article2822.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-01-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.btitle=WAN+%E2%80%94+A+Newspaper+Timeline&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wan+and-press.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wan-press.org%2Farticle2822.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Infelise, Mario. "Roman Avvisi: Information and Politics in the Seventeenth Century." Court and Politics in Papal Rome, 1492–1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 212,214,216–217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Nelson, Heming. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/1998/02/11/a-history-of-newspaper-gutenbergs-press-started-a-revolution/2e95875c-313e-4b5c-9807-8bcb031257ad/?noredirect=on">A History of Newspaper: Gutenberg's Press Started a Revolution</a>. The Washington Post. February 11, 1998 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-09-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316002241/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/1998/02/11/a-history-of-newspaper-gutenbergs-press-started-a-revolution/2e95875c-313e-4b5c-9807-8bcb031257ad/?noredirect=on">存档</a>于2023-03-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Newspaper%3A+Gutenberg%27s+Press+Started+a+Revolution&rft.aufirst=Heming&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.date=1998-02-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2F1998%2F02%2F11%2Fa-history-of-newspaper-gutenbergs-press-started-a-revolution%2F2e95875c-313e-4b5c-9807-8bcb031257ad%2F%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Weber, Johannes. Strassburg, 1605: The Origins of the Newspaper in Europe. German History. 2006, <b>24</b> (3): 387–412 (387). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1191%2F0266355406gh380oa"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1191/0266355406gh380oa</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.atitle=Strassburg%2C+1605%3A+The+Origins+of+the+Newspaper+in+Europe&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=German+History&rft.pages=387-412+%28387%29&rft.volume=24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1191%2F0266355406gh380oa&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>同时，作为物质技术意义上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%BA" title="印刷机">印刷机</a>被发明，'报纸'这个词的扩展意义也进入了历史舞台。出版的现象就此诞生。</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410191605/http://www.uni-leipzig.de/%7Ehsk/pgs/jahrbuch/2005/Weber_Strassburg1605.pdf">Weber, Johannes: Straßburg 1605: Die Geburt der Zeitung, in: <i>Jahrbuch für Kommunikationsgeschichte</i>, Vol. 7 (2005), S. 3–27</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-leipzig.de/%7Ehsk/pgs/jahrbuch/2005/Weber_Strassburg1605.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于10 April 2008） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到德语网页">（德语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.btitle=Weber%2C+Johannes%3A+Stra%C3%9Fburg+1605%3A+Die+Geburt+der+Zeitung%2C+in%3A+Jahrbuch+f%C3%BCr+Kommunikationsgeschichte%2C+Vol.+7+%282005%29%2C+S.+3%E2%80%9327&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-leipzig.de%2F%257Ehsk%2Fpgs%2Fjahrbuch%2F2005%2FWeber_Strassburg1605.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100310235015/http://www.wan-press.org/article6476.html">WAN – Newspapers: 400 Years Young!</a>. Wan-press.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wan-press.org/article6476.html">原始内容</a>存档于10 March 2010）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.btitle=WAN+%E2%80%93+Newspapers%3A+400+Years+Young%21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wan-press.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wan-press.org%2Farticle6476.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stephens_collier's-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stephens_collier's_14-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stephens_collier's_14-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Stephens, Mitchell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516064617/http://www.nyu.edu/classes/stephens/Collier's%20page.htm">History of Newspapers</a>. Nyu.edu. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2012]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/classes/stephens/Collier's%20page.htm">原始内容</a>存档于16 May 2008）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.btitle=History+of+Newspapers&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nyu.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyu.edu%2Fclasses%2Fstephens%2FCollier%27s%2520page.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Arnold, Th.J. Bibliotheca Belgica. Article Part 129-130. Ghent <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.aufirst=Th.J.&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.btitle=Bibliotheca+Belgica&rft.edition=Part+129-130&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Ghent&rft.series=Article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">De Bom, Emmanuel. Tijdschrift voor Boek- en Bibliotheekwezen. Periodical. Antwerp: Antwerp Library. 1903: 27 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft.aulast=De+Bom&rft.btitle=Tijdschrift+voor+Boek-+en+Bibliotheekwezen&rft.date=1903&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=27&rft.place=Antwerp&rft.pub=Antwerp+Library&rft.series=Periodical&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522102807/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/news/concisehistbritnews/britnews17th/index.html">Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Seventeenth Century</a>. bl.uk. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-09-01</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/news/concisehistbritnews/britnews17th/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.atitle=Concise+History+of+the+British+Newspaper+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bl.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Freshelp%2Ffindhelprestype%2Fnews%2Fconcisehistbritnews%2Fbritnews17th%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Far-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Far_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Farinelli, Giuseppe. Storia del giornalismo italiano : dalle origini a oggi. 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Purl.pt. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090524022348/http://purl.pt/12094/4/">存档</a>于2009-05-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.btitle=Biblioteca+Nacional+Digital+%E2%80%93+Gazeta...%2C+Em+Lisboa%2C+1642%E2%80%931648&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Purl.pt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.pt%2F12094%2F4%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040107070325/http://www.wan-press.org/article2823.html">WAN – Oldest newspapers still in circulation</a>. Wan-press.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wan-press.org/article2823.html">原始内容</a>存档于7 January 2004）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.btitle=WAN+%E2%80%93+Oldest+newspapers+still+in+circulation&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wan-press.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wan-press.org%2Farticle2823.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/news/concisehistoryofthebritishnewspaper/britnews18th/">Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Eighteenth Century</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2012年2月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Teeter, Dwight L. Benjamin Towne: The Precarious Career of a Persistent Printer. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. July 1965, <b>89</b> (3): 316–330. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/20089817"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 20089817</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Towne%3A+The+Precarious+Career+of+a+Persistent+Printer&rft.aufirst=Dwight+L&rft.aulast=Teeter&rft.date=1965-07&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Pennsylvania+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.pages=316-330&rft.volume=89&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20089817&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novomilenio.inf.br/idioma/200009u.htm">Novo Milênio: MNDLP - Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, de 1808</a>, <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-09-01</span>]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140706201228/http://www.novomilenio.inf.br/idioma/200009u.htm">存档</a>于2014-07-06）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.btitle=Novo+Mil%C3%AAnio%3A+MNDLP+-+Gazeta+do+Rio+de+Janeiro%2C+de+1808&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novomilenio.inf.br%2Fidioma%2F200009u.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stavrianos, Leften Stavros. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balkanssince145300lsst">The Balkans since 1453</a>. C. Hurst & Co. 2000: 211 [first published 1958]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0814797662" title="Special:网络书源/978-0814797662"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0814797662</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.aufirst=Leften+Stavros&rft.aulast=Stavrianos&rft.btitle=The+Balkans+since+1453&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0814797662&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalkanssince145300lsst&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Clifford, Stephanie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quillandfox.com/blog/what-is-11x17-paper-called/">what is 11x17 paper called</a>. 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Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936</i>, p. 952.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tripp (ed.), p. 2; Amin, Fortna & Frierson, p. 99; Hill, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ágoston_433-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ágoston_433_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ágoston & Masters, p. 433.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Camron Michael Amin. The Press and Public Diplomacy in Iran, 1820–1940. 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Meggs, <i>A History of Graphic Design</i> (1998) pp 130–133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David R. Spencer, <i>The Yellow Journalism</i> (2007) p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bird-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bird_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bird, S. Elizabeth. <i>For Enquiring Minds: A Cultural Study of Supermarket Tabloids</i>. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1992: 12–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wurzbach, C. (1891). <i>Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, enthaltend die Lebensskizzen der denkwürdigen Personen, welche seit 1750 in den österreichischen Kronländern geboren wurden oder darin gelebt und gewirkt haben</i>, (162–165); Jim Chevallier, "August Zang and the French Croissant: How Viennoiserie Came to France", p. 3–30; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diepresse.com/unternehmen/geschichte/9819/index.do">Diepresse.com</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090307055342/http://diepresse.com/unternehmen/geschichte/9819/index.do">存檔</a>，存档日期7 March 2009. 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U.S. Department of Labor. 2009-12-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-05-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119074138/http://www.bls.gov/oco/cg/cgs013.htm">存档</a>于2012-01-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.au=Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics&rft.btitle=Career+Guide+to+Industries%2C+2010%E2%80%9311+Edition%3A+Publishing%2C+Except+Software&rft.date=2009-12-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Labor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Foco%2Fcg%2Fcgs013.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">OECD Working Party on the Information Economy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/30/24/45559596.pdf">The evolution of news and the internet</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2010-06-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924090359/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/30/24/45559596.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2015-09-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.au=OECD+Working+Party+on+the+Information+Economy&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+news+and+the+internet&rft.date=2010-06-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdataoecd%2F30%2F24%2F45559596.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>"Growth in the BIICS countries by about 35% from 2000 to 2008 very much contributed to this growth, most notably India with a 45% increase in circulation between 2000 and 2008, South Africa (34%) and China (an estimated 29%). Gains are not only occurring there but also in other countries and continents, including Africa and South America." p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.jagran.com/homepage.aspx">Hindi Newspaper</a>. 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NRS Chennai. 2009-08-29. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/001200608291820.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2008-01-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.btitle=Dailies+add+12.6+million+readers&rft.date=2009-08-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NRS+Chennai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hinduonnet.com%2Fthehindu%2Fholnus%2F001200608291820.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation interview">Standage, Tom. The Kojo Nnamdi Show. 访谈 with Kojo Nnamdi. 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Newspaper Research Journal. Spring 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-08-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201055315/https://www.academia.edu/4894990/Online_Revenue_Business_Model_Has_Changed_Little_Since_1996">存档</a>于2021-02-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.atitle=Online+Revenue+Business+Model+Has+Changed+Little+Since+1996&rft.au=Mensing%2C+Donica&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.ssn=spring&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4894990%2FOnline_Revenue_Business_Model_Has_Changed_Little_Since_1996&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/18904178">Reinventing the newspaper</a>. The Economist. 2011-07-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612170302/https://www.economist.com/node/18904178">存档</a>于2018-06-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.atitle=Reinventing+the+newspaper&rft.date=2011-07-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F18904178&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAAdata-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NAAdata_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120918094825/http://www.naa.org/Trends-and-Numbers/Advertising-Expenditures/Annual-All-Categories.aspx">Trends & Numbers</a>. 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The Guardian. 2011-05-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204053221/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/may/16/blurring-lines-between-advertising-and-editorial">存档</a>于2021-02-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.atitle=Dangerous+blend%3A+how+lines+between+editorial+and+advertising+are+blurring&rft.aufirst=Filloux&rft.aulast=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.date=2011-05-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2011%2Fmay%2F16%2Fblurring-lines-between-advertising-and-editorial&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/research/wp/wp686.pdf">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, <i>Do Newspapers Matter?</i>, 2011</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-08-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200402153252/https://www.minneapolisfed.org/research/wp/wp686.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2020-04-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.btitle=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis%2C+Do+Newspapers+Matter%3F%2C+2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fresearch%2Fwp%2Fwp686.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. 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Lasica, "Net Gain", <i>American Journalism Review</i>, Vol. 18, November 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-E&P0316-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-E&P0316_49-0"><sup><b>48.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-E&P0316_49-1"><sup><b>48.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Saba, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.editorandpublisher.com/PrintArticle/Specifics-on-Newspapers-from-State-of-News-Media-Report">Specifics on Newspapers from 'State of News Media' Report</a>. Editor & Publisher. 2009-03-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-03-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923233955/http://www.editorandpublisher.com/PrintArticle/Specifics-on-Newspapers-from-State-of-News-Media-Report">存档</a>于2015-09-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.atitle=Specifics+on+Newspapers+from+%27State+of+News+Media%27+Report&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.aulast=Saba&rft.date=2009-03-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Editor+%26+Publisher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.editorandpublisher.com%2FPrintArticle%2FSpecifics-on-Newspapers-from-State-of-News-Media-Report&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Clifford, Stephanie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/13/business/media/13adco.html?src=linkedin">Newspapers' Web Revenue is Stalling</a>. The New York Times. 2008-10-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-04-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210106213456/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/13/business/media/13adco.html?src=linkedin">存档</a>于2021-01-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99&rft.atitle=Newspapers%27+Web+Revenue+is+Stalling&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F10%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2F13adco.html%3Fsrc%3Dlinkedin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="紙製品" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B4%99%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81" title="Template:紙製品"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B4%99%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81" title="Template talk:紙製品"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%B4%99%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:紙製品"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="紙製品" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">紙製品</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">容器</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%92" title="盒">盒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%A5%9E%E7%B4%99%E7%9B%92" title="瓦楞紙盒">瓦楞紙盒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E6%A0%87" title="烟标">煙標</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%9D%AF%E5%A5%97" title="咖啡杯套">咖啡杯套</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%A5%97" title="封套">封套</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="外帶盒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oyster pail"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E5%B8%B6%E7%9B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外帶盒（页面不存在）">外帶盒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster_pail" class="extiw" title="en:Oyster pail"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oyster pail</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E8%A2%8B" title="纸袋">纸袋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E6%9D%BF" title="纸板">纸板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E6%9D%AF" title="紙杯">紙杯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="衛生">衛生</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E7%B4%99" title="面紙">面紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%90%E5%B7%BE" title="餐巾">餐巾</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%93%A6%E6%89%8B%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="擦手紙（页面不存在）">擦手紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%99" title="衛生紙">衛生紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%B7%BE" title="湿巾">濕紙巾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%9A%E6%88%BF%E7%B4%99%E5%B7%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="廚房紙巾">廚房紙巾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%85%B7" title="文具">文具</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A3%E7%BA%8C%E5%A0%B1%E8%A1%A8%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="連續報表紙（页面不存在）">連續報表紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%8F%E5%80%99%E5%8D%A1" title="問候卡">賀卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%87%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" title="卡片分類法">索引卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E4%BF%A1" title="书信">书信</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马尼拉文件夹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Manila folder"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尼拉文件夹（页面不存在）">马尼拉文件夹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_folder" class="extiw" title="en:Manila folder"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Manila folder</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AE%E7%A5%A8" title="邮票">邮票</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BF%A1%E7%89%87" title="明信片">明信片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%BF%E5%88%A9%E8%B2%BC" title="便利貼">便利貼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D" title="金融">金融</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%B9%A3" title="紙幣">紙幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E7%89%87" title="名片">名片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E6%83%A0%E5%88%B8" title="优惠券">優惠券</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E4%BB%98%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="預付卡">預付卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E6%91%BA" title="存摺">存折</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%8B%A4%E5%8D%A1" title="出勤卡">出勤卡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">裝飾</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingrain%E5%A3%81%E7%B4%99" title="Ingrain壁紙">Ingrain壁紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%81%E7%BA%B8" title="壁纸">壁紙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">知識傳播</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6" title="图书">图书</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">報紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97" title="杂志">杂志</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="相片">相片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B4%99" title="新聞紙">新聞紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%8A%E5%AD%90" title="小冊子">小冊子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E7%89%88%E7%BA%B8" title="铜版纸">銅版紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%86%B1%E7%B4%99" title="感熱紙">感熱紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E7%BA%B8" title="字典纸">字典纸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82" title="娛樂">娛樂</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%99%E5%B1%91" title="彩色紙屑">碎紙片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%BA%E7%B4%99" title="摺紙">摺紙</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="紙玩具" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paper toys"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%99%E7%8E%A9%E5%85%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紙玩具（页面不存在）">紙玩具</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_toys" class="extiw" title="en:Paper toys"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paper toys</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E7%89%8C" title="遊戲牌">遊戲牌</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%91%E5%85%8B%E7%89%8C" title="扑克牌">扑克牌</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AF%E5%A2%8A" title="杯墊">杯墊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%96%AE" title="表單">表單</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E7%BA%B8" title="砂纸">砂紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B2%E5%81%BD%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="防偽紙（页面不存在）">防偽紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E7%9A%AE%E7%BA%B8" title="牛皮纸">牛皮紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%BC%8F%E8%A4%87%E5%AF%AB%E7%B4%99" title="碳式複寫紙">碳式複寫紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BD%A9%E7%B4%99" title="水彩紙">水彩紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%A8%BF%E7%B4%99" title="原稿紙">原稿紙</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB%E5%8E%9F%E7%A8%BF%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漫畫原稿紙（页面不存在）">漫畫原稿紙</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%BE%E7%B4%99" title="濾紙">濾紙</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%BB%A4%E7%BA%B8" title="咖啡滤纸">咖啡濾紙</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E8%9D%87%E7%BA%B8" title="捕蝇纸">捕蠅紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9F%91%E8%9E%82%E5%B1%8B" title="蟑螂屋">蟑螂屋</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=報紙&oldid=83959169">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=報紙&oldid=83959169</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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