Internet History Sourcebooks

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id="tbl_toplinks"><a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/index.asp">Home</a> | <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/asbook.asp">Ancient History Sourcebook</a> | <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/sbook.asp">Medieval Sourcebook</a> |  <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook.asp">Modern History Sourcebook</a> | <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/byzantium/index.asp">Byzantine Studies Page </a> Other History Sourcebooks: <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/africa/africasbook.asp">African</a> | <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/eastasia/eastasiasbook.asp">East Asian</a> | <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/global/globalsbook.asp">Global</a> | <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/india/indiasbook.asp">Indian</a> | <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/islam/islamsbook.asp">Islamic</a> | <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/jewish/jewishsbook.asp">Jewish</a> |  <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/pwh/index.asp">Lesbian and Gay</a> | <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/science/sciencesbook.asp">Science</a> | <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/women/womensbook.asp">Women's</a></td> </tr> </table> <table height="60" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="tbl_tbl"> <tr> <td valign="top" id="tbl_leftnav"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="tbl_leftnav_inner"> <tr> <td>  <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook.asp" class="navHeaderLink">Modern History</a> <hr/> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbookfull.asp">Full Texts</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modmusic.asp">Multimedia</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbooknew.asp">Additions</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/search.asp">Search</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/help.asp">Help</a> <hr/> Selected Sources Sections <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook01.asp">Studying History</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook02.asp">Reformation</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook03.asp">Early Modern World</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook04.asp">Everyday Life</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook05.asp">Absolutism</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook06.asp">Constitutionalism</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook07.asp">Colonial North America</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook08.asp">Colonial Latin America</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook09.asp">Scientific Revolution</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook10.asp">Enlightenment</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook11.asp">Enlightened Despots</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook12.asp">American Independence</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook13.asp">French Revolution</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook14.asp">Industrial Revolution</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook15.asp">Romanticism</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook16.asp">Conservative Order</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook17.asp">Nationalism</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook18.asp">Liberalism</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook19.asp">1848</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook20.asp">19C Britain</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook21.asp">19C France</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook22.asp">19C Germany</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook23.asp">19C Italy</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook24.asp">19C West Europe</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook25.asp">19C East Europe</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook26.asp">Early US</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook27.asp">US Civil War</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook28.asp">US Immigration</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook29.asp">19C US Culture</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook30.asp">Canada</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook31.asp">Australia & New Zealand</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook32.asp">19C Latin America</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook33.asp">Socialism</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook34.asp">Imperialism</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook35.asp">Industrial Revolution II</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook36.asp">Darwin, Freud</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook37.asp">19C Religion</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook38.asp">World War I</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook39.asp">Russian Revolution</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook40.asp">Age of Anxiety</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook41.asp">Depression</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook42.asp">Fascism</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook43.asp">Nazism</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook44.asp">Holocaust</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook45.asp">World War II</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook46.asp">Bipolar World</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook47.asp">US Power</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook48.asp">US Society</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook49.asp">Western Europe Since 1945</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook50.asp">Eastern Europe Since 1945</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook51.asp">Decolonization</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook52.asp">Asia Since 1900</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook53.asp">Africa Since 1945</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook54.asp">Middle East Since 1945</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook55.asp">20C Latin America</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook56.asp">Modern Social Movements</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook57.asp">Post War Western Thought</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook58.asp">Religion Since 1945</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook59.asp">Modern Science</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook60.asp">Pop Culture</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook61.asp">21st Century</a> <hr/> <a class="level1Links" href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/thanks.asp">IHSP Credits</a> </td> </tr> </table></td> <td id="tbl_rightnav" valign="top"> <table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td> Internet Modern History Sourcebook <hr/> The Internet Modern History Sourcebook now contains thousands of sources and the previous index pages were so large that they were crashing many browsers. <ul> <li class="H_body_text">See <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a> for an explanation of the Sourcebook's goals.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Explanation of <a href="#Sources of Material Here">Sources of Material Here</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text">See the <a href="help.asp">Help!</a> page for all the help on research I can offer. Although I am more than happy to receive notes if you have comments on this web site, I cannot answer specific research enquiries [and - for students - I cannot, or rather will not, do your homework.] </li> </ul> <hr/> The Modern History Sourcebook now works as follows: <ul> <li class="H_body_text">This Main Index page has been much extended to show all sections and sub sections. These have also been regularized in a consistent hierarchy. This should allow rapid review of where texts are. </li> <li class="H_body_text">To access the sub-section pages, simply browse the sections below and select the highlighted (white text with green background) section title on the left.</li> <li class="H_body_text">In addition there are now two navigation bars on the left of each page for every sub-section <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The top - and smaller - navigation bar directs you to the other main parts of the Sourcebook - this overall Index page [clicking IMS logo will also take you there if you ever get lost]; the <a href="modsbookfull.asp">Full Texts</a> page; the <a href="modmusic.asp">Multimedia</a> page: the <a href="search.asp">Search</a> page; and a new <a href="help.asp">HELP!</a> page, which you should consult if you get lost, or need research assistance. </li> <li class="H_body_text">The lower - and larger - navigation bar will take you directly to any of the sub-sections from any of the other sub-sections, each indicated by a short title. </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">All URLs of documents remain unchanged - only index pages were reorganized.</li> </ul> <hr/> Additional Study/Research Aids <blockquote> In addition to the above structure, there are a series of pages to help teacher and students. </blockquote> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="modsbookmovies.asp">Modern History in the Movies</a> </li> </ul> Older Style Big Indices Still Available Since some faculty members had built into their course pages direct links to the Sourcebook's old indexes, these remain available, but will not be updated with materials added after 12/31/1998. <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="modsbook1.asp">Early Modern Europe</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="modsbook2.asp">Three Revolutions</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="modsbook3.asp">19th Century</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="modsbook4.asp">Modern World</a>.</li> </ul> <hr/> SECTIONS Subjects covered by the source texts in each Section. <a href="modsbook01.asp">Studying History</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Introduction: Using Primary Sources</li> <li class="H_body_text">Nature of Historiography <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Writing History</li> <li class="H_body_text">Ancient Theories</li> <li class="H_body_text">19th Century Philosophies of History</li> <li class="H_body_text">Professional Theories</li> <li class="H_body_text">History and Epistemology</li> <li class="H_body_text">History and Anthropology</li> <li class="H_body_text">History and Identity Politics</li> <li class="H_body_text">Post-Modern Theories</li> <li class="H_body_text">Misc. Discussions</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Other Sources of Information on Modern History <ul> <li class="H_body_text">General Guides to Net Text [link to texts at other sites.]</li> <li class="H_body_text">General Etext Projects [sites with texts online.]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Economics</li> <li class="H_body_text">Law</li> <li class="H_body_text">Military</li> <li class="H_body_text">Religion</li> <li class="H_body_text">Philosophy</li> <li class="H_body_text">Literature</li> <li class="H_body_text">Music Lyrics</li> <li class="H_body_text">Western Civilization/Europe</li> <li class="H_body_text">United States History</li> <li class="H_body_text">Latin American History</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Student Papers and Projects <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Student Papers </li> <li class="H_body_text">Student Web Projects</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <hr/> <p class="H_Subitle" style="font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: .0em; word-spacing: 0em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Early Modern World <a href="modsbook02.asp">Reformation</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Protestant Reformation <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Precursors and Papal Critics</li> <li class="H_body_text">Luther and Lutheranism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Calvin and Calvinism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Radical Reformers</li> <li class="H_body_text">English Reformation</li> <li class="H_body_text">Scottish Reformation <ul> <li class="H_body_text">John Knox </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Protestant Culture</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Catholic Reformation <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Precursors</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Council of Trent</li> <li class="H_body_text">Activist Popes</li> <li class="H_body_text">Other Catholic Reformers</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Society of Jesus</li> <li class="H_body_text">Catholic Culture</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Conflict </li> <li class="H_body_text">Women and Reformation </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook03.asp">Early Modern World</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Early Modern World System <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The European "Age of Discovery"</li> <li class="H_body_text">South and South East Asia</li> <li class="H_body_text">East Asia</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Middle East: Ottomans and Safavids - Rivals of European Powers</li> <li class="H_body_text">Africa</li> <li class="H_body_text">Eastern Europe Becomes a Peripheral Area </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Mercantile Capitalism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Reflections on the Trade and the New Economy </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook04.asp">Everyday Life</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Structures of Life in the West</li> <li class="H_body_text">Everyday Life</li> <li class="H_body_text">From Popular to Mass Culture</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook05.asp">Absolutism</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Absolutism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Spain</li> <li class="H_body_text">England</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">France and the Ancien Regime <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Crisis: French Wars of Religion</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Creation of an Absolutist Regime</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Sun King</li> <li class="H_body_text">Absolutism and Trade Policy</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">French Culture in the 16th and 17th Centuries</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook06.asp">Constitutional States</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Constitutional States</li> <li class="H_body_text">The English Revolution <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Tudor Government</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Stuart Challenge</li> <li class="H_body_text">Civil War and Revolution</li> <li class="H_body_text">Radicals</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Religious Groups <ul> <li class="H_body_text">"Puritans"</li> <li class="H_body_text">Baptists</li> <li class="H_body_text">Quakers</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Restoration</li> <li class="H_body_text">The "Glorious Revolution"</li> <li class="H_body_text">English Culture in the 17th and 18th Centuries </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Netherlands</li> <li class="H_body_text">Philosophical Reflections on Constitutional Politics</li> <li class="H_body_text">Internationalist Ideas  </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook07.asp">Colonial N America</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Colonial North America</li> <li class="H_body_text">Early Conquest and Exploitation</li> <li class="H_body_text">Political Forms <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Virginia</li> <li class="H_body_text">New England</li> <li class="H_body_text">Middle Atlantic</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">American Society</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook08.asp">Colonial L America</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Colonial Latin America</li> <li class="H_body_text">Conquest and Exploitation</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Creation of Latin American Cultures</li> </ul> <hr/> <p class="H_Subitle" style="font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: .0em; word-spacing: 0em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Transformation of the West Scientific, Political, and Industrial Revolutionion <a href="modsbook09.asp">Scientific Revolution</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Scientific Revolution <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Traditional Aristotelianism</li> <li class="H_body_text">New Medieval Analyses of motion</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Challenge: Astonomy in the 16th Century</li> <li class="H_body_text">Galileo Galilei: The Turning Point</li> <li class="H_body_text">Philosophy of Science: Induction/Deduction</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Creation of Classical Physics</li> <li class="H_body_text">New Medical Theories</li> <li class="H_body_text">Scientific Institutions</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Scientific Attitude</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook10.asp">Enlightenment</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Enlightenment <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Precursors</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Enlightenment as a Propaganda Project</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Enlightenment and Political Analysis</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Enlightenment Evaluation of the Human Condition</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Enlightenment and Economics</li> <li class="H_body_text">Enlightenment and Philosophy</li> <li class="H_body_text">Enlightenment Attitudes</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Social Setting </li> <li class="H_body_text">Enlightenment Philosophy - Full Texts </li> <li class="H_body_text">Enlightenment Politics and Economics - Full Texts </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Religion in an Age of Reason <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Opposition to Religion</li> <li class="H_body_text">Rational Christianity</li> <li class="H_body_text">Evangelicalism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Catholic Pietism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jewish Responses</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook11.asp">Enlightened Despots</a> Government in the Age of Enlightenment <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Russia</li> <li class="H_body_text">Austria</li> <li class="H_body_text">Prussia</li> <li class="H_body_text">Poland</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook12.asp">American Independence</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">American Independence <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Mid-18th Century Politics</li> <li class="H_body_text">Early New York</li> <li class="H_body_text">French and Indian Wars</li> <li class="H_body_text">Benjamin Franklin</li> <li class="H_body_text">American Revolution </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Establishment of the American State</li> <li class="H_body_text">Commentators on America</li> <li class="H_body_text">Native Americans</li> <li class="H_body_text">Slavery</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook13.asp">French Revolution</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The French Revolution <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Lead Up</li> <li class="H_body_text">Liberal Revolution</li> <li class="H_body_text">Radical Revolution </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Responses to Revolution</li> <li class="H_body_text">Napoleon</li> <li class="H_body_text">Napoleonic Wars</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook14.asp">Industrial Revolution</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Industrial Revolution <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Agricultural Revolution of the 17th-18th Centuries </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Revolution in the Manufacture of Textiles </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Revolution in Power <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Railroads </li> <li class="H_body_text">Steam Ships </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Great Engineers </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Process of Industrialization </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Social and Political Effects <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Lives of Workers </li> <li class="H_body_text">Urban Life: New Social Classes </li> <li class="H_body_text">Social Reformism </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Literary Response </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook15.asp">Romanticism</a> Romanticism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Roots of Romanticism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Romantic Philosophy </li> <li class="H_body_text">Romanticism in the Arts </li> </ul> <hr/> The 19th Century and Western Hegemony <a href="modsbook16.asp">Conservative Order</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Council of Vienna System and Challenges </li> <li class="H_body_text">Reactionary Thought</li> <li class="H_body_text">Modern Conservatism</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook17.asp">Nationalism</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Nationalism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Analyses</li> <li class="H_body_text">Non-National Forms of Government</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Cultural Nationalism: The Nation as Positive Focus of Identity</li> <li class="H_body_text">Liberal Nationalism: The Nation as a Basis for Liberal Democracy</li> <li class="H_body_text">Triumphal Nationalism: The Nation as a Claim to Superiority</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook18.asp">Liberalism</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Liberalism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Utilitarianism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Laissez-Faire Economics</li> <li class="H_body_text">Radical Politics</li> <li class="H_body_text">John Stuart Mill</li> <li class="H_body_text">Other Liberalisms</li> <li class="H_body_text">Welfare Liberalism</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Feminism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Origins</li> <li class="H_body_text">Political Feminism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">United States</li> <li class="H_body_text">Britain</li> <li class="H_body_text">Other Countries</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Prohibitionism</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook19.asp">1848</a> 1848: Europe in Revolt <ul> <li class="H_body_text">France</li> <li class="H_body_text">Austria</li> <li class="H_body_text">Prussia/Germany</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook20.asp">19C Britain</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Britain <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Radicalism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Liberal Reformism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The State</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Professions</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Poor</li> <li class="H_body_text">Men, Women, and Sex</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Social Class</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Ireland</li> <li class="H_body_text">Victorian Sensibility</li> <li class="H_body_text">Victorian Literature</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook21.asp">19C France</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">France <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Restoration </li> <li class="H_body_text">The July Monarchy, 1831-1848</li> <li class="H_body_text">1848</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Second Empire</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Franco-Prussian War and the Commune</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Third Republic</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">French Literature</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook22.asp">19C Austria and Germany</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Austria-Hungary</li> <li class="H_body_text">Germany</li> <li class="H_body_text">German Literature</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook23.asp">19C Italy</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Italy</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook24.asp">19C West Europe</a> Other Western European Countries <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Switzerland </li> <li class="H_body_text">Netherlands </li> <li class="H_body_text">Denmark </li> <li class="H_body_text">Sweden </li> <li class="H_body_text">Norway </li> <li class="H_body_text">Spain </li> <li class="H_body_text">Portugal</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook25.asp">19C East Europe</a> Eastern European Countries <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Greece</li> <li class="H_body_text">Romania [Moldavia/Wallachia/Transylvania]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bulgaria</li> <li class="H_body_text">Hungary</li> <li class="H_body_text">Poland</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bohemia</li> <li class="H_body_text">Russia</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook26.asp">Early US</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The United States Emerges </li> <li class="H_body_text">Political Institutions</li> <li class="H_body_text">Economic Development</li> <li class="H_body_text">Expansion and Manifest Destiny</li> <li class="H_body_text">The United States as a World Power </li> <li class="H_body_text">Early US Society</li> <li class="H_body_text">Early US Religion</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook27.asp">US Civil War</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The American Civil War</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Conflict over Slavery </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Civil War <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Confederate Documents</li> <li class="H_body_text">Union Documents</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Military History of the Civil War</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Social History of the Civil War</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Reconstruction, and Jim Crow</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook28.asp">US Immigration</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">US Immigration and Its Effects </li> <li class="H_body_text">European Immigration <ul> <li class="H_body_text">General</li> <li class="H_body_text">British</li> <li class="H_body_text">German</li> <li class="H_body_text">Irish</li> <li class="H_body_text">Italian</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jewish</li> <li class="H_body_text">Other</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Asian Immigration</li> <li class="H_body_text">Latin American Immigration</li> <li class="H_body_text">Ellis Island and New York</li> <li class="H_body_text">Opposition to Immigration</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook29.asp">US Culture</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Maturation of American Culture </li> <li class="H_body_text">Legal Framework of American Life</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Gilded Age</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Emergence of Modern Politics </li> <li class="H_body_text">American Thought</li> <li class="H_body_text">American Literature </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook30.asp">Canada</a> Canada: Another North American Society <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Origins <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Loyalism</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Creation of the Canadian State</li> <li class="H_body_text">Canadian Society</li> <li class="H_body_text">Canadian Regions</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook31.asp">Australia and New Zealand</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Australia</li> <li class="H_body_text">New Zealand</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook32.asp">19C Latin America</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Latin America in the 19th Century <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Independence</li> <li class="H_body_text">Political Development</li> <li class="H_body_text">United States Imperialism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Immigration</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Mexico</li> <li class="H_body_text">Argentina</li> <li class="H_body_text">Brazil</li> <li class="H_body_text">Chile</li> <li class="H_body_text">Colombia/Panama</li> <li class="H_body_text">Cuba</li> <li class="H_body_text">Nicaragua</li> <li class="H_body_text">Peru</li> <li class="H_body_text">Venezuela</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook33.asp">Socialism</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Responses to Economic Growth: Socialism and Marxism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Early Socialism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Marxism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Versions of Socialism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Revisionism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Fabianism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Labor Parties</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Socialist Culture </li> <li class="H_body_text">Trade Unionism</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook34.asp">Imperialism</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Imperialism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Analyses </li> <li class="H_body_text">Motives and Attitudes</li> <li class="H_body_text">Celebrations and Objections </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">China and the West </li> <li class="H_body_text">India Under the British </li> <li class="H_body_text">Africa </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Middle East</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Japanese Exception </li> <li class="H_body_text">American Imperialism</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook35.asp">Industrial Revolution II</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Second Industrial Revolution and Advanced Capitalism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Growth: Free Markets and Government Support </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Modern Corporation</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Life of the Workers</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Consumer Marketplace</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">New Technologies <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Steel Industry</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Chemical Industry</li> <li class="H_body_text">Electricity </li> <li class="H_body_text">Aviation </li> <li class="H_body_text">Confidence and Disaster </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook36.asp">Darwin, Freud, Einstein</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Contradictions of the Enlightenment: Darwin, Freud, Einstein, Dada <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Classical Synthesis</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Advance of Medical Theory and Treatments</li> <li class="H_body_text">Geology</li> <li class="H_body_text">Biology: Red in Tooth and Claw <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Reactions to Darwin</li> <li class="H_body_text">Social Darwinism</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Physics: The End of the Classical Synthesis </li> <li class="H_body_text">Astronomy</li> <li class="H_body_text">Psychology: The Obscurity of the Mind </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Philosophical Reflections: The End of Reason? </li> <li class="H_body_text">Literature: Humanity's Heart of Darkness? </li> <li class="H_body_text">Visual Arts: What to Do After Photography? </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook37.asp">19C Religion</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Religion in the Face of Modernity</li> <li class="H_body_text">Catholicism: Reaction and Radicalism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Popes: Reaction and Reform </li> <li class="H_body_text">Renewed Marianism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Converts </li> <li class="H_body_text">Converts and Decadence </li> <li class="H_body_text">Radicals </li> <li class="H_body_text">Missionary Expansion</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Protestantism: Activism, Rationalism, and Fideism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Biblical Criticism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Muscular Christianity </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Oxford Movement </li> <li class="H_body_text">Quakers</li> <li class="H_body_text">Fundamentalism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Missionary Expansion </li> <li class="H_body_text">Resistence to Roman Control <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Old Catholics</li> <li class="H_body_text">"Modernism"</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Eastern Orthodoxy: Christian Life Under Tsars and Sultans.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Judaism and Modernity </li> <li class="H_body_text">Eastern Religions in the West</li> <li class="H_body_text">Humanist Consideration of Religious Thought </li> </ul> <hr/> World Wars and the End of Western Dominance <a href="modsbook38.asp">WWI</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">World War I</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Path to War <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Ottoman Empire: Weakness </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Balkans: Conflict </li> <li class="H_body_text">Austria Hungary </li> <li class="H_body_text">German Arms Race </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Alliance System</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The War <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Diplomatic History</li> <li class="H_body_text">Military History</li> <li class="H_body_text">Personal Accounts</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Resistence to War</li> <li class="H_body_text">Literary Responses </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Aftermath </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook39.asp">Russian Revolution</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Tsarist State</li> <li class="H_body_text">Russian Revolution <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Development of the Opposition </li> <li class="H_body_text">Lenin </li> <li class="H_body_text">1905 <ul> <li class="H_body_text">1905 Party Programs </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">1917 </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Bolshevik Rule to 1924 </li> <li class="H_body_text">Stalinism </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook40.asp">Age of Anxiety</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Age of Anxiety: The Interwar Years</li> <li class="H_body_text">European Culture</li> <li class="H_body_text">Western Europe <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Britain</li> <li class="H_body_text">France </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The New States of Eastern Europe <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Yugoslavia</li> <li class="H_body_text">Czechoslovakia</li> <li class="H_body_text">Hungary</li> <li class="H_body_text">Romania</li> <li class="H_body_text">Greece</li> <li class="H_body_text">Turkey </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The United States </li> <li class="H_body_text">Latin America in the Early 20th Century <ul> <li class="H_body_text">United States Intervention</li> <li class="H_body_text">Mexico</li> <li class="H_body_text">Argentina</li> <li class="H_body_text">Chile</li> <li class="H_body_text">Uruguay</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Inter-War International Relations </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook41.asp">The Depression</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Economic Problems and the Depression <ul> <li class="H_body_text">War Reparations </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Economic Problems in Europe </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Depression in the US</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook42.asp">Fascism in Europe</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Italy</li> <li class="H_body_text">Spain</li> <li class="H_body_text">Other Countries</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook43.asp">Nazism</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Weimar Republic</li> <li class="H_body_text">National Socialism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Hitler</li> <li class="H_body_text">Elections</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Churches and the Nazis</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook44.asp">Holocaust</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Holocaust</li> <li class="H_body_text">Anti-Semitism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Religious Anti-Semitism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Racist Anti-Semitism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Violent Racist Anti-Semitism </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The "Final Solution": The Murder of European Jewry</li> <li class="H_body_text">Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Handicapped </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Roma [Gypsies] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Serbs </li> <li class="H_body_text">Homosexuals</li> <li class="H_body_text">"Revisionism"</li> <li class="H_body_text">Pre- and Post-Holocaust Genocides <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Armenia 1914-</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bangladesh 1971 </li> <li class="H_body_text">East Timor 1975- </li> <li class="H_body_text">Cambodia 1978</li> <li class="H_body_text">Rwanda 1996</li> <li class="H_body_text">Former Yugoslavia </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook45.asp">WWII</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Lead Up to War</li> <li class="H_body_text">War In Europe <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Home Front </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">War In Asia <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Use of Atomic Bomb </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">After the War </li> </ul> <hr/> The World Since 1945 <a href="modsbook46.asp">Bipolar World</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">World Unity <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The United Nations Organization</li> <li class="H_body_text">Human Rights: Universal Ideals or a Western Impositions? </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Cold War <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Beginnings</li> <li class="H_body_text">Berlin Crises</li> <li class="H_body_text">Cuban Crises</li> <li class="H_body_text">Cold Warriors</li> <li class="H_body_text">Various Detentes</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Literary Reflections </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook47.asp">US Power</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">America as World Leader: External Power </li> <li class="H_body_text">American Foreign Relations <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Realpolitik or Human Rights</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Relations with the Soviet Union [also see above "Cold War]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Relations with China</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Korean War</li> <li class="H_body_text">The "Vietnam War" </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook48.asp">US Society</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">America as World Leader: Internal Change</li> <li class="H_body_text">US Domestic Politics: The State <ul> <li class="H_body_text">American Conservatism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">McCarthyism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Republicans </li> <li class="H_body_text">Democrats </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">American Radicalism </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">American Society: Immigration</li> <li class="H_body_text">The 20th Century Expansion of Legal Rights <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Balance of Power</li> <li class="H_body_text">Rights in Court</li> <li class="H_body_text">Racial Equality</li> <li class="H_body_text">Free Speech</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook49.asp">Post-War W Europe</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Western Europe Since 1945 <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The Division of Europe</li> <li class="H_body_text">Reconstruction</li> <li class="H_body_text">European Union </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Welfare State </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Post-War Western European States <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Britain </li> <li class="H_body_text">Germany</li> <li class="H_body_text">France</li> <li class="H_body_text">Italy</li> <li class="H_body_text">Spain</li> <li class="H_body_text">Ireland</li> <li class="H_body_text">Other Western Countries</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook50.asp">Post-War E Europe</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Eastern Europe Since 1945</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Soviet Union/Russia <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Domestic Politics</li> <li class="H_body_text">Foreign Policy</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Other Central and Eastern European Countries <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Albania</li> <li class="H_body_text">Hungary</li> <li class="H_body_text">Yugoslavia </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">1989: What Happened and Why? <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Romania </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">After 1989</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook51.asp">Decolonization</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Decolonization <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Retreat from Empire</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Non-Aligned Movement</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Globalization: New Hegemonies?</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook52.asp">Asia since 1900</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">India </li> <li class="H_body_text">China <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Chinese Efforts to Modernize: 1911-1949</li> <li class="H_body_text">Communist Rule</li> <li class="H_body_text">Dissidents</li> <li class="H_body_text">Post Mao China</li> <li class="H_body_text">Hong Kong</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Japan</li> <li class="H_body_text">Korea</li> <li class="H_body_text">Vietnam</li> <li class="H_body_text">Other Asian States</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook53.asp">Africa Since 1945</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Africa</li> <li class="H_body_text">South Africa</li> <li class="H_body_text">Other African Countries </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook54.asp">Middle East Since 1914</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Israel and Palestine <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Zionism</li> <li class="H_body_text">The British Mandate</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Establishment of the State of Israel</li> <li class="H_body_text">Israeli Soceity</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Palestinians</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Turkey</li> <li class="H_body_text">Egypt</li> <li class="H_body_text">Algeria</li> <li class="H_body_text">Iran</li> <li class="H_body_text">Kurds </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook55.asp">20C Latin America</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">20th Century Latin America</li> <li class="H_body_text">Common Themes and Issue <ul> <li class="H_body_text">United States Interference </li> <li class="H_body_text">Pan-American Efforts</li> <li class="H_body_text">Economic Progress</li> <li class="H_body_text">National Identity</li> <li class="H_body_text">Liberation Theology </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Argentina</li> <li class="H_body_text">Chile</li> <li class="H_body_text">Brazil</li> <li class="H_body_text">Paraguay</li> <li class="H_body_text">Uruguay</li> <li class="H_body_text">Peru</li> <li class="H_body_text">Central America</li> <li class="H_body_text">Nicaragua</li> <li class="H_body_text">Mexico</li> <li class="H_body_text">Cuba</li> <li class="H_body_text">Indigenous Peoples</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook56.asp">Modern Social Movements</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Modern Social Movements </li> <li class="H_body_text">Feminism <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Origins of Third Wave </li> <li class="H_body_text">Cultural Feminism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Political Feminism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Liberal Feminism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Radical Feminism </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Black Power <ul> <li class="H_body_text">The US Civil Rights Movement</li> <li class="H_body_text">Radicals </li> <li class="H_body_text">Since 1968</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Other Ethnic/Minority Movements</li> <li class="H_body_text">Lesbian and Gay Rights </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook57.asp">Post-War Thought</a> Post-War Western Thought <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Existentialism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Post-Structuralism and Offspring <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Linguistics</li> <li class="H_body_text">Anthropology</li> <li class="H_body_text">Pomo Marxism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Deconstruction</li> <li class="H_body_text">Social Constructionism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Queer Theor</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook58.asp">Post-War Religion</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Religion since 1945 </li> <li class="H_body_text">Roman Catholicism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Protestantism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Eastern Orthodoxy </li> <li class="H_body_text">Judaism</li> <li class="H_body_text">Islam</li> <li class="H_body_text">Buddhism </li> <li class="H_body_text">Humanist-Religious Debate</li> </ul> <a href="modsbook59.asp">Modern Science</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Science, Technology and the Transformation in the Means of Production </li> <li class="H_body_text">Biology: The DNA Revolution </li> <li class="H_body_text">Physics </li> <li class="H_body_text">Space Exploration </li> <li class="H_body_text">Computers </li> <li class="H_body_text">Knowledge Based Production </li> <li class="H_body_text">The Internet </li> <li class="H_body_text">The World Environment: Cornucopeian Plenty or a Crisis Situation </li> </ul> <a href="modsbook60.asp">Pop Culture</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Popular Culture <ul> <li class="H_body_text">United States</li> <li class="H_body_text">Europe</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Sports: The Opium of the People? </li> </ul> <hr/> The Twenty First Century <a href="modsbook61.asp">21st Century</a> Selected Documents <hr/> <a name="Introduction" id="Introduction"> Introduction</a> <blockquote> The Internet Modern History Sourcebook is one of series of history primary sourcebooks. It is intended to serve the needs of teachers and students in college survey courses in modern European history and American history, as well as in  modern Western Civilization and World Cultures. Although this part of the <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall">Internet History Sourcebooks Project</a> began as a way to access texts that were already available on the Internet, it now contains hundreds of texts made available locally. The great diversity of available sources for use in modern history classes requires that selections be made with great care - since virtually unlimited material is available. The goals here are: </blockquote> <blockquote> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">To present a diversity of source material in modern European, American, and Latin American history, as well as a significant amount of materal pertinent to world cultures and global studies. A number of other online source collections emphasize legal and political documents. Here efforts have been made to include contemporary narrative accounts, personal memoirs, songs, newspaper reports, as well as cultural, philosophical, religious and scientific documents. Although the history of social and cultural elite groups remains important to historians, the lives of non-elite women, people of color, lesbians and gays are also well represented here. </li> <li class="H_body_text">To present the material as cleanly as possible, without complicated hierarchies and subdirectories, and without excessive HTML markup. What you get here is direct access to significant documents, not the efforts of some whizkid "website designer". In other words, we are interested here in the music, not the Hi-fi!. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Within the major sections, to indicate a few high quality web sites for further source material and research.</li> </ul> </blockquote> <hr/> <a name="Sources of Material Here" id="Sources of Material Here"> Sources of Material Here</a> The texts on these pages come from many sources: <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Files posted to various places on the net. In some cases, the source URL no longer exists. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Shorter texts created for class purposes by extracting from much larger texts. In some cases, the extracts have been suggested by a variety of commercial sourcebooks. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Texts scanned in from printed material. In some cases the printed book may be recent, but the material scanned is out of copyright. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Texts sent to me for inclusion. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Links to other online texts. In almost all these cases I have made local copies, so please inform me if links no longer work.</li> </ul> Efforts have been made to confirm to US Copyright Law. Any infringement is unintentional, and any file which infringes copyright, and about which the copyright claimant informs me, will be removed pending resolution. Paul Halsall, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161210004144/mailto:halsall@fordham.edu?subject=Modern History Sourcebook">halsall@fordham.edu</a>, Sourcebook Compiler <hr/> NOTES: Dates of accession of material added since July 1998 can be seen in the <a href="modsbooknew.asp">New Additions</a> page.. The date of inception was 9/22/1997. Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location]. Locally available texts are marked by [At this Site]. WEB indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview. <hr/> The Internet Modern History Sourcebook is part of the <a href="/web/20161210004144/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall">Internet History Sourcebooks Project</a>. </td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

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