AI Nationalism(s): Global Industrial Policy Approaches to AI

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876.784H90.5267L200.867 600.457H530.8L511.124 546.203H264.462C255.222 546.203 246.525 541.581 241.416 533.768C236.306 525.955 235.219 516.161 238.807 507.467L424.048 48.6822H366.758L35.1935 876.784V876.784ZM366.975 513.189H498.622L433.288 344.818L366.975 513.189Z" fill="black"/> <path d="M1085.64 912.659H947.686C932.358 912.659 919.856 900.004 919.856 884.487V46.8111C919.856 31.2945 932.358 18.6392 947.686 18.6392H1085.64C1100.97 18.6392 1113.47 31.2945 1113.47 46.8111V884.487C1113.47 900.004 1100.97 912.659 1085.64 912.659ZM952.469 879.645H1080.75V51.6532H952.469V879.645Z" fill="black"/> <path d="M1032.81 35.1453H1000.19V896.151H1032.81V35.1453Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="icon-container flex-grow-1"> <div class ="d-flex flex-column"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end justify-content-lg-between align-items-center"> <div class="primary-menu-container d-inline-block pr-0 pr-lg-3"><nav class="w-100"><ul id="primary-menu-list" class="d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row 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produces diagnosis and actionable policy research on artificial intelligence.</p> </div> </div> </div> <p class="options-bio mobile py-1 alignwide">The AI Now Institute produces diagnosis and actionable policy research on artificial intelligence.</p> </div> </header> <main id="page-wrapper" class="d-flex flex-column flex-grow-1"> <div class="entry-content max-width-container"> <div class="site-main mt-0 alignwide"> <div id="submenu" class="submenu overflow-hidden has-off-white-background-color py-1 border-bottom-2 align-items-center justify-content-evenly justify-content-xl-center px-0 px-xl-4"> <div class="submenu-link d-inline mr-0 mr-xl-3"><h3 class="w-100 mb-0"><a class="1-100 d-inline m-0" href="#landscape-overview">Overview</h3></a></div><div class="submenu-link d-inline mr-0 mr-xl-3"><h3 class="w-100 mb-0"><a class="1-100 d-inline m-0" href="#landscape-toc">Table of Contents</h3></a></div><div class="submenu-link d-inline mr-0 mr-xl-3"><h3 class="w-100 mb-0"><a class="1-100 d-inline m-0" href="#landscape-contributors">Contributors</h3></a></div><div class="submenu-link d-inline mr-0 mr-xl-3"><h3 class="w-100 mb-0"><a class="1-100 d-inline m-0" href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</h3></a></div> </div> <section id="top-banner" class="featured-series special-series-banner alignwide standard-series-banner h-100 p-relative d-flex flex-column align-items-center border-radius-small py-3 px-1 px-lg-3 py-lg-5 my-2 has-off-white-color"> <a class="h-100 d-flex flex-column flex-grow-1 align-items-center justify-content-between" href="/series/ai-nationalisms"> <h4 class="double-half mobile-scale mb-3"> </h4> <h1 class="text-center mb-3"> AI NATIONALISM(S): GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL POLICY APPROACHES TO AI </h1> <p class="medium line-height-110 font-size-125 w-md-75 w-lg-75 mb-3 mb-lg-0 text-center">In this essay collection we survey the nationalist narratives and emergent industrial policies being proposed by governments with differing economic and geopolitical motivations.</p> <img decoding="async" class="z-index-n1 background-image border-radius-small p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 object-fit-cover" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/1943-DavidPaulChun-SFPier.jpg" alt=""> <div class="color-overlay opacity-100 p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 mix-blend-mode-overlay border-radius-small opacity-80" style="background-color:#222222"></div> <div class="border-radius-small p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 opacity-10 z-index-n1 has-black-background-color"></div> </a> </section> <div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="alignwide accordion-section transition-quick landscape-overview"> <span id="landscape-overview-accordion-handle" class="cursor-pointer d-flex flex-row justify-content-between align-items-center"> <h4>Overview</h4> <h4 class="accordion-toggle d-flex flex-row align-items-center">Collapse</h4> </span> <div class="accordion-contents mb-0 active"> <section id="landscape-overview" class=" mt-2 mb-4 landscape-overview"> <div class=" d-grid grid-no-gap"> <div class="research-area grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-6"> <div style="position:relative;" class="vert-rule h-100"> <div class="horiz-rule h-100 py-3 py-lg-2 border-bottom-1 border-top-1 mr-lg-1"> <div class=" d-flex flex-column justify-content-center px-lg-2 h-100"><p>In this essay collection we survey the nationalist narratives and emergent industrial policies being proposed by governments with differing economic and geopolitical motivations. The national policies surveyed in this collection have largely functioned to reinforce the notion that AI is both a socially and geopolitically important sector, and therefore worthy of government strategies (and spending) to promote it. With such far-reaching consequences for the public at stake – from the allocation of public funds to the rapid promotion of AI tools in sensitive social domains through procurement mandates – any claims to advancing public good must be scrutinized.</p> <div class="d-flex flex-row"> <h4 class="arrow-link"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/AI-Nationalisms-Global-Industrial-Policy-Approaches-to-AI-March-2024.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DOWNLOAD THE REPORT</a></h4> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="research-area grid-col-12 grid-lg-col-6"> <div style="position:relative;" class="vert-rule h-100"> <div class="horiz-rule h-100 py-3 py-lg-2 border-bottom-1 border-top-lg-1 ml-lg-1"> <div class=" d-flex flex-column justify-content-center px-lg-2 h-100"><div class="d-flex flex-column h-100 justify-content-center"> <h2 class="align-self-center w-lg-75" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/general/ai-nationalisms-executive-summary">Read the Executive Summary</a></h2> <figure class="align-self-center wp-block-image aligncenter size-medium is-resized invert-image"><a class="image-invert" href="/general/ai-nationalisms-executive-summary"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-2098" src="/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Arrow-Escher-300x112.png" alt="" width="150" height="56" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Arrow-Escher-300x112.png 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Arrow-Escher.png 516w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></a></figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-star-divider"/> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-ai-critiquing-ai-industrial-policy"><strong>Why AI? Critiquing AI Industrial Policy</strong></h2> <p>In the past year and a half, with the release of sophisticated AI tools to the public, interest in the speculative promise of AI technologies has exploded across the globe. AI is now firmly positioned as a critical strategic technology for the geopolitical and economic ambitions of nation-states. As governments, and the public, solidify their orientation toward the AI industry, we are forced to wrestle with the relative advantages and disadvantages of <strong>AI industrial policy — a term referring to government spending, investment, and regulatory strategies focused on the AI industry.</strong> Many governments are increasingly focused on promoting, nurturing, and growing national AI economies — and the industries that underpin them.</p> <p>This uptick in government support opens up space to question: why AI? Current industrial policy frequently assumes a world in which government spending — whether on the procurement of AI products or development of the industry — is a goal that should take precedence over others in the name of ‘innovation’.</p> <p><strong>But before investing deeper in the development of an AI industry we need concrete and material answers to questions like: do efficiencies gained through AI-based climate modeling justify the energy cost of training these models? Should we invest in the advancement of edtech at the cost of providing more students school lunch, or AI medical software over funding home healthcare?</strong></p> <p>In this essay collection we survey the nationalist narratives and emergent industrial policies being proposed by governments with differing economic and geopolitical motivations. The national policies surveyed in this collection have largely functioned to reinforce the notion that AI is both a socially and geopolitically important sector, and therefore worthy of government strategies (and spending) to promote it. We find that, true to historical tradition, governments are using industrial policy as a tool to increase their own geopolitical leverage and economic competitiveness – even as they cloak those objectives underneath thinly defined “AI for social good” aims.</p> <p>Perspectives in this collection also warn that industrial policy as it is currently structured functions only to further expand and concentrate private (largely US-based) power, under the banner of democratization. Simply diversifying the range of actors involved in AI development while commercial entities continue to define the horizon for development does little to contest their dominance. With such far-reaching consequences for the public at stake – from the allocation of public funds to the rapid promotion of AI tools in sensitive social domains through procurement mandates – any claims to advancing public good must be put under the scanner.</p> <p>Here we build on scholarship (<a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4711216">here</a> and <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/publications/multi-solving-trade-offs-and-conditionalities-in-industrial-policy/">here</a>) calling for a more democratic practice of industrial policy to reject the notion that the current trajectory of AI-centered development is inevitable.</p> <p><strong>Instead of naturalizing the idea that larger and larger scale AI is a self-evident public good, we must start by seeking a clear-eyed understanding of the ways that AI acts on our core social and economic institutions, and to whom AI’s benefits and harms accrue.</strong></p> <p>We need to look at which business models make social benefit more–or less–likely, and what the impact is on workers, the environment, and democracy. The evidence suggests that while benefits accrue to a handful of corporate actors, current AI industrial policy perpetuates a long cycle of racialized disenfranchisement of groups that reap few of the benefits and bear most of the harms. Instead, we must recognize that benefits to corporate actors often manifest as harms to the people subject to corporate AI systems.</p> <p>This is why we need to look beyond our current echo chambers. <strong>For a conversation about AI and the public good to meaningfully take place, industrial policy will need to answer to the imperatives of a public beyond the tech and defense industries, and particularly to those structurally disadvantaged groups that have already borne the brunt of the costs of this industry. </strong>While this collection grapples with the limitations of the current approach to AI industrial policy, and the narratives that support it, the work ahead is a much more difficult task: articulating the kind of economy we want in the first place, and where–if at all–AI could play a part. We intend for this to serve as a provocation for taking this conversation forward, beyond the geographic boundaries of the United States and EU, and beyond the silos of tech policy debates.</p> <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-tightly-spaced"/> <div id="landscape-toc" class="landscape-toc alignwide accordion-section transition-quick landscape-toc alignwide"> <span id="landscape-toc-accordion-handle" class="cursor-pointer d-flex flex-row justify-content-between align-items-center"> <h4>Table of Contents</h4> <h4 class="accordion-toggle d-flex flex-row align-items-center">Collapse</h4> </span> <div class="accordion-contents mb-0 flex-column active"> <div class="toc-contents mt-2 mt-lg-4"> <div class="my-4"> <div class="news-post-card grid-col-12 d-grid grid grid-gap-double my-2"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-3 has-off-white-background-color border-radius-small h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/ai-and-tech-industrial-policy-from-post-cold-war-post-industrialism-to-post-neoliberal-re-industrialization" aria-label="Thumbnail image for news item"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1734" height="1041" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap1-1.png" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap1-1.png 1734w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap1-1-300x180.png 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap1-1-1024x615.png 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap1-1-768x461.png 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap1-1-1536x922.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1734px) 100vw, 1734px" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-9 border-bottom-2 pb-2 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/ai-nationalisms">AI NATIONALISM(S)</a></h4></div> <h2 class="mt-1 w-lg-90 line-height-110"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/ai-and-tech-industrial-policy-from-post-cold-war-post-industrialism-to-post-neoliberal-re-industrialization">1. AI and Tech Industrial Policy: From Post-Cold War Post-Industrialism to Post-Neoliberal Re-Industrialization</a></h2> <div class="post-author-container ai-nationalisms d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-3 mb-2 justify-content-between justify-content-lg-start w-lg-75"> <div class="post-author max-w-lg-350px mr-lg-3"> <p class="mono mb-0">Susannah Glickman</p></span> </div> <p class="mono mb-0">Mar 12, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="my-4"> <div class="news-post-card grid-col-12 d-grid grid grid-gap-double my-2"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-3 has-off-white-background-color border-radius-small h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/a-modern-industrial-strategy-for-aiinterrogating-the-us-approach" aria-label="Thumbnail image for news item"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img decoding="async" width="1734" height="789" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap2.png" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap2.png 1734w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap2-300x137.png 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap2-1024x466.png 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap2-768x349.png 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap2-1536x699.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1734px) 100vw, 1734px" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-9 border-bottom-2 pb-2 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/ai-nationalisms">AI NATIONALISM(S)</a></h4></div> <h2 class="mt-1 w-lg-90 line-height-110"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/a-modern-industrial-strategy-for-aiinterrogating-the-us-approach">2. A Modern Industrial Strategy for AI?: Interrogating the US Approach</a></h2> <div class="post-author-container ai-nationalisms d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-3 mb-2 justify-content-between justify-content-lg-start w-lg-75"> <div class="post-author max-w-lg-350px mr-lg-3"> <p class="mono mb-0">Amba Kak & Sarah Myers West</p></span> </div> <p class="mono mb-0">Mar 12, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="my-4"> <div class="news-post-card grid-col-12 d-grid grid grid-gap-double my-2"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-3 has-off-white-background-color border-radius-small h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/to-innovate-or-to-regulate-the-false-dichotomy" aria-label="Thumbnail image for news item"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1734" height="939" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3.png" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3.png 1734w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3-300x162.png 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3-1024x555.png 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3-768x416.png 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap3-1536x832.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1734px) 100vw, 1734px" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-9 border-bottom-2 pb-2 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/ai-nationalisms">AI NATIONALISM(S)</a></h4></div> <h2 class="mt-1 w-lg-90 line-height-110"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/to-innovate-or-to-regulate-the-false-dichotomy">3. To Innovate or to Regulate? The False Dichotomy at the Heart of Europe’s Industrial Approach</a></h2> <div class="post-author-container ai-nationalisms d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-3 mb-2 justify-content-between justify-content-lg-start w-lg-75"> <div class="post-author max-w-lg-350px mr-lg-3"> <p class="mono mb-0">Max von Thun</p></span> </div> <p class="mono mb-0">Mar 12, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="my-4"> <div class="news-post-card grid-col-12 d-grid grid grid-gap-double my-2"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-3 has-off-white-background-color border-radius-small h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/analyzing-indias-ai-industrial-policy" aria-label="Thumbnail image for news item"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1734" height="669" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap4.png" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap4.png 1734w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap4-300x116.png 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap4-1024x395.png 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap4-768x296.png 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap4-1536x593.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1734px) 100vw, 1734px" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-9 border-bottom-2 pb-2 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/ai-nationalisms">AI NATIONALISM(S)</a></h4></div> <h2 class="mt-1 w-lg-90 line-height-110"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/analyzing-indias-ai-industrial-policy">4. Promises and Pitfalls of India’s AI Industrial Policy</a></h2> <div class="post-author-container ai-nationalisms d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-3 mb-2 justify-content-between justify-content-lg-start w-lg-75"> <div class="post-author max-w-lg-350px mr-lg-3"> <p class="mono mb-0">Jyoti Panday & Mila T Samdub</p></span> </div> <p class="mono mb-0">Mar 12, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="my-4"> <div class="news-post-card grid-col-12 d-grid grid grid-gap-double my-2"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-3 has-off-white-background-color border-radius-small h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/a-lost-decade-the-uks-industrial-approach-to-ai" aria-label="Thumbnail image for news item"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1734" height="1017" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap5.png" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap5.png 1734w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap5-300x176.png 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap5-1024x601.png 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap5-768x450.png 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap5-1536x901.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1734px) 100vw, 1734px" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-9 border-bottom-2 pb-2 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/ai-nationalisms">AI NATIONALISM(S)</a></h4></div> <h2 class="mt-1 w-lg-90 line-height-110"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/a-lost-decade-the-uks-industrial-approach-to-ai">5. A Lost Decade? The UK’s Industrial Approach to AI</a></h2> <div class="post-author-container ai-nationalisms d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-3 mb-2 justify-content-between justify-content-lg-start w-lg-75"> <div class="post-author max-w-lg-350px mr-lg-3"> <p class="mono mb-0">Matt Davies</p></span> </div> <p class="mono mb-0">Mar 12, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="my-4"> <div class="news-post-card grid-col-12 d-grid grid grid-gap-double my-2"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-3 has-off-white-background-color border-radius-small h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/reflections-on-south-africas-ai-industrial-policy" aria-label="Thumbnail image for news item"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1734" height="747" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap6.png" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap6.png 1734w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap6-300x129.png 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap6-1024x441.png 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap6-768x331.png 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap6-1536x662.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1734px) 100vw, 1734px" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-9 border-bottom-2 pb-2 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/ai-nationalisms">AI NATIONALISM(S)</a></h4></div> <h2 class="mt-1 w-lg-90 line-height-110"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/reflections-on-south-africas-ai-industrial-policy">6. Reflections on South Africa’s AI Industrial Policy</a></h2> <div class="post-author-container ai-nationalisms d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-3 mb-2 justify-content-between justify-content-lg-start w-lg-75"> <div class="post-author max-w-lg-350px mr-lg-3"> <p class="mono mb-0">Sandra Makumbirofa</p></span> </div> <p class="mono mb-0">Mar 12, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="my-4"> <div class="news-post-card grid-col-12 d-grid grid grid-gap-double my-2"> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-3 has-off-white-background-color border-radius-small h-fit-content"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/beyond-techwashing-the-uaes-ai-industrialpolicy-as-a-security-regime" aria-label="Thumbnail image for news item"> <div class="wrapper-4x3 border-radius-small"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1734" height="888" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap7.png" class="attachment- size- wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap7.png 1734w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap7-300x154.png 300w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap7-1024x524.png 1024w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap7-768x393.png 768w, https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/chap7-1536x787.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1734px) 100vw, 1734px" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 grid-md-col-9 border-bottom-2 pb-2 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap taxonomy-label"><h4 class="mr-1 mr-lg-2"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/series/ai-nationalisms">AI NATIONALISM(S)</a></h4></div> <h2 class="mt-1 w-lg-90 line-height-110"><a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/beyond-techwashing-the-uaes-ai-industrialpolicy-as-a-security-regime">7. Beyond Techwashing: The UAE’s AI Industrial Policy as a Security Regime</a></h2> <div class="post-author-container ai-nationalisms d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-3 mb-2 justify-content-between justify-content-lg-start w-lg-75"> <div class="post-author max-w-lg-350px mr-lg-3"> <p class="mono mb-0">Islam Al Khatib</p></span> </div> <p class="mono mb-0">Mar 12, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-tightly-spaced"/> <section id="post-carousel-block_d62f55fed016dcbe626229cf857239a1" class="post-carousel alignwide swiper post-carousel-card p-relative"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swiper@8/swiper-bundle.min.css"/> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swiper@8/swiper-bundle.min.js"></script> <script> window.addEventListener('load', () => { const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', { pagination: { el: '.swiper-pagination', type: 'fraction', }, navigation: { nextEl: 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mb-0"><p class="mono mb-0">AI Now Institute</p></span></span> <p class="mono mb-0">Jul 21, 2023</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex pagination navigation"> </div> </section> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-tightly-spaced"/> <div id="landscape-contributors" class="landscape-team-grid alignwide accordion-section transition-quick landscape-team-grid alignwide"> <span id="landscape-contributors-accordion-handle" class="cursor-pointer d-flex flex-row justify-content-between align-items-center"> <h4>Contributors</h4> <h4 class="accordion-toggle d-flex flex-row align-items-center">Collapse</h4> </span> <div class="accordion-contents mb-0 flex-column active"> <div class="d-grid grid alignwide mt-2 mt-lg-4"> <div class="grid-col-12 mx-xl-5"> <div class="d-grid grid grid-gap-four"> <div class="d-flex flex-column grid-col-12 grid-md-col-4 grid-lg-col-3 m-0"> <div class="wrapper-1x1 border-radius-small"> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 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class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-half"> <h4>Administration (Do Not Display)</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column grid-col-12 grid-md-col-4 grid-lg-col-3 m-0"> <div class="wrapper-1x1 border-radius-small"> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 grayscale"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/jyoti"> <img decoding="async" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Jyoti-Panday.jpeg" alt=""> </a> </div> </div> <div> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/jyoti"> <h3 class="line-height-110 mt-2 mb-1">Jyoti Panday</h3> </a> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-half"> <h4>Administration (Do Not Display)</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column grid-col-12 grid-md-col-4 grid-lg-col-3 m-0"> <div class="wrapper-1x1 border-radius-small"> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 grayscale"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/mila"> <img decoding="async" 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grid-md-col-4 grid-lg-col-3 m-0"> <div class="wrapper-1x1 border-radius-small"> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 grayscale"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/sandra"> <img decoding="async" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/SandraM.jpg" alt=""> </a> </div> </div> <div> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/sandra"> <h3 class="line-height-110 mt-2 mb-1">Sandra Makumbirofa</h3> </a> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-half"> <h4>Administration (Do Not Display)</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column grid-col-12 grid-md-col-4 grid-lg-col-3 m-0"> <div class="wrapper-1x1 border-radius-small"> <div class="p-absolute w-100 h-100 top-0 left-0 grayscale"> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/islam-al-khatib"> <img decoding="async" src="https://ainowinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IslamAK-2024.jpeg" alt=""> </a> </div> </div> <div> <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/author/islam-al-khatib"> <h3 class="line-height-110 mt-2 mb-1">Islam Al Khatib</h3> </a> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mt-half"> <h4>Administration (Do Not Display)</h4> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-tightly-spaced"/> <div id="acknowledgements" class="alignwide accordion-section transition-quick accordion alignwide"> <span id="acknowledgements-accordion-handle" class="d-flex flex-row justify-content-between align-items-center"> <h4>Acknowledgments</h4> <h4 class="accordion-toggle cursor-pointer d-flex flex-row align-items-center">Collapse</h4> </span> <div class="accordion-contents mb-0 flex-column active"> <div class="mt-2 mt-lg-4 shifted w-lg-default"><p>This collection of essays was curated by Amba Kak, with editorial contributions from Sarah Myers West, and operational support from Alejandro Calcaño.</p> <p>We are thankful to the authors of the essays in this collection for their generative collaboration.</p> <p>Special thanks to Rishi Bharwani, Cynthia Conti-Cook, Andrea Dehlendorf, Amy Kapczynski, Julius Krein, Barry Lynn, Saule Omarova, Ganesh Sitaraman, and Meredith Whittaker for their insights and feedback on the introductory chapter and overall framing for this project.</p> <p><b>Copyediting by </b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Caren Litherland.</span></p> <p><b>Design by </b><a href="http://partnerandpartners.com" target="blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Partner & Partners.</span></a></p> <p><b>Cite as</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Amba Kak and Sarah Myers West, eds., “AI Nationalism(s): Global Industrial Policy Approaches to AI”, AI Now Institute, March 2024<br /> </span></p> </div> </div> </div> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> </div> </main> <footer id="site-footer"> <hr> <div class="d-grid grid w-100 p-2 pt-3 pt-lg-5 pb-5 max-width-container"> <div class="grid-col-9 grid-lg-col-2 custom-logo"> <a aria-label="AI Now logo" 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