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ETL Optimization: Strategies for Massive Datasets
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Enhance efficiency and save resources.","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/advice/1/youre-managing-massive-datasets-your-etl-processes-e11yc","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"🔀Partition data into smaller chunks to optimize memory usage and processing speed.\n🚀Leverage parallel processing to utilize multiple CPU cores for faster operations.\n🔄Adopt incremental data loads to process only new or modified records, saving resources.\n📊Optimize queries by indexing, filtering unnecessary columns, and using efficient joins.\n🔐Use compression techniques to reduce data transfer times and storage costs.\n🔄Schedule ETL processes during off-peak hours to maximize system performance.\n🛠Monitor and adjust ETL performance metrics regularly to identify bottlenecks and refine 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data-total-count="4" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex q-and-a-article article-content-row-reduced" data-test-q-and-a-article> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:flex md:w-2/5 md:justify-end"> <div class="h-fit md:pt-6"> <div class="article-segment-content-container md:box-content md:max-w-[392px] md:pr-1 lg:pr-4 xl:pr-8"> <div class="hidden md:block"> <!----> <div class="x-article-last-update-time text-sm leading-[24px] text-color-text-secondary"> Last updated on Nov 23, 2024 </div> <section class="mb-2"> <ol itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumbs "> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a itemprop="item" 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itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a aria-current="page" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/engineering-s166/data-engineering-s50513/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-semibold" itemprop="name">Data Engineering</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </section> <h1 class="q-a-article-title text-display-md text-color-text font-bold w-11/12 text-[36px] " data-test-q-and-a-article-title> You're managing massive datasets in your ETL processes. How can you optimize for efficiency? </h1> <div class="qa-redesign-article-content py-2 md:py-6" id="desktop-content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7265431195415388162_7265431196900159491_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Managing massive datasets in ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes requires strategic optimization for efficiency and speed.</span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <!----> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Dealing with massive datasets in ETL can be daunting, but with the right strategies, you can </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/heres-how-you-can-streamline-processes-boost-efficiency-psc7f?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_little-text-block" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>streamline operations and improve performance <!----></a></span><span class>. Here are some key tactics to enhance your ETL efficiency:</span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class="font-bold">Partition your data:</span><span class> Break your datasets into smaller, manageable chunks to speed up processing and reduce memory usage.</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class="font-bold">Implement parallel processing:</span><span class> Utilize multiple CPU cores to handle simultaneous data operations, greatly increasing throughput.</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class="font-bold">Use incremental loads:</span><span class> Instead of reloading entire datasets, only process new or changed data to save time and resources.</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>How do you optimize your ETL processes? Share your strategies.</span><!----> </p> </div> </div> <div class="qa-redesign-article-content__components"> <div class="md:pb-2 pb-1 md:block hidden" data-test-qa-redesign-publisher-author-card> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link publisher-author-card mb-4"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/skills-data-engineering/" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_publisher-author-card" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> Data Engineering </span> </a> <img class="inline-block relative w-6 h-6 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0BAQGrOAj-y0sWaA/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1674600145236?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=u-rf24aXo1elv0LPiq_23FuG04HT18QpCiZclWzmMNU" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs8pjfgyw96g44ln9r7tct85f" alt="Data Engineering"> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full "> <!----> <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Data Engineering </h3> <!----> <!----> <div class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata"> <!----> </div> <!----> </div> <div class="base-main-card__ctas z-[3] self-center ml-3 babybear:ml-1 babybear:self-start"> <a class="base-main-card__cta btn-sm btn-secondary" href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F1%2Fyoure-managing-massive-datasets-your-etl-processes-e11yc&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_publisher-author-card" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_publisher-author-card" data-tracking-will-navigate> + Follow </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pl-1 lg:pl-4 xl:pl-8 md:pb-[200px] md:flex md:w-3/5 md:justify-start"> <div class="md:box-content md:max-w-[576px]"> <div class="block md:hidden"> <!----> <div class="x-article-last-update-time text-sm leading-[24px] text-color-text-secondary"> Last updated on Nov 23, 2024 </div> <section class="mb-2"> <ol itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumbs "> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/home/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-normal" itemprop="name">All</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/engineering-s166/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-normal" itemprop="name">Engineering</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a aria-current="page" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/engineering-s166/data-engineering-s50513/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-semibold" itemprop="name">Data Engineering</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </section> <h1 class="q-a-article-title text-display-md text-color-text font-bold w-11/12 text-[32px] md:text-[40px] " data-test-q-and-a-article-title> You're managing massive datasets in your ETL processes. How can you optimize for efficiency? </h1> </div> <div class="qa-redesign-article-content py-2 block md:hidden" id="mobile-content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7265431195415388162_7265431196900159491_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Managing massive datasets in ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes requires strategic optimization for efficiency and speed.</span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <!----> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Dealing with massive datasets in ETL can be daunting, but with the right strategies, you can </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/heres-how-you-can-streamline-processes-boost-efficiency-psc7f?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_little-text-block" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>streamline operations and improve performance <!----></a></span><span class>. Here are some key tactics to enhance your ETL efficiency:</span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class="font-bold">Partition your data:</span><span class> Break your datasets into smaller, manageable chunks to speed up processing and reduce memory usage.</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class="font-bold">Implement parallel processing:</span><span class> Utilize multiple CPU cores to handle simultaneous data operations, greatly increasing throughput.</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class="font-bold">Use incremental loads:</span><span class> Instead of reloading entire datasets, only process new or changed data to save time and resources.</span><!----></li> </ul> </span><!----> </p> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>How do you optimize your ETL processes? 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data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/e2cf8dn8tvjcu9gl3qcxhw31q"> </icon> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Like</span> </div> </a> </div> <template id="selected-reaction"> <div> <div class="selected-reaction--LIKE flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Like" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/7ze70iqo2l1rn7hwfoykiwjod"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Like</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--PRAISE flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Celebrate" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/czva5w81r4b0pjr7sh5r4nbw9"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Celebrate</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--APPRECIATION flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Support" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8kvqqk9m1eu5ffqkdlum1ka1m"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Support</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--EMPATHY flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Love" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5yukss5d7kh4xrbd5642z6tk0"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Love</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--INTEREST flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Insightful" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/es4dlamdpym2zbuhglwx2cuz0"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Insightful</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--ENTERTAINMENT flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Funny" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/e0rqrq0h755yqqu59fy047ayt"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Funny</span> </div> </div> </template> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"><!--"%numReactions% Reaction"--></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"><!--"%numReactions% Reactions"--></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs contribution-social-activity__social-actions before:middot flex items-center justify-start gap-1 pr-1 before:mx-0.5" data-sap-comment-urn="urn:li:comment:(articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491),7265760836521013250)"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="7 Reactions" data-separate-ctas="false" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="7" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" data-entity-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491),7265760836521013250)" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 7 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cib97epu77mrzque5gqlzjgaw"--></code> <!----><!----> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/37hg81qnm85dsy5mbqfifg9qs"--></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/e7ppwfmo0if15fgie4q5r4us4"--></code> <!----> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4v7dh2d6cuqm24mzps1pqzeqt"--></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur"--></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4iy169rwfs5rdhspekg2r5wc6"--></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cjrxeu0ese8oxe32kiom8kzoh"--></code> <!----><!----><!----><!----> </div> </div> <!----> </div> <!----><!----> </div> <!----><!----><!----> </li> <li class="contribution" data-contribution-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491),7265978089518559232)" data-contributor-urn="urn:li:member:253753800" data-is-logged-in="false"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between"> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/anilmcmt?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="comment_actor" data-tracking-will-navigate class="contribution__lockup relative flex items-center overflow-hidden pr-1 font-sans hover:no-underline focus:no-underline xs:left-[-56px]"> <figure class="top-[4px] inline-flex lg:hidden"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQFYGIpdJbnmjA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1728316890158?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=UkxR6-nKfd09gPIfdieTViNqFPB3QKyKpbvZjm8H1xI" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Contributor profile photo"> </figure> <figure class="top-[4px] hidden lg:inline-flex"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQFYGIpdJbnmjA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1728316890158?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=UkxR6-nKfd09gPIfdieTViNqFPB3QKyKpbvZjm8H1xI" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Contributor profile photo"> </figure> <div class="min-w-0 ml-2"> <div class="flex items-center"> <span class="mr-0.5 truncate text-sm font-bold text-color-text lg:text-md"> Anil Yadav </span> <!----><!----> </div> <p class="m-0 truncate text-sm text-color-text-low-emphasis md:text-md" data-test-id="contribution-lock-up-headline"> Building SCIKIQ | Full Stack Developer | Programming | Application Architecture </p> </div> </a> <div class="flex items-center"> <!----> <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute right-0 top-0 contribution-control-menu relative" data-feed-action="show-comment-dropdown" data-id="comment__ellipsis-menu" data-feed-control="control_menu" data-tracking-control-name="comment_control_menu" data-feed-action-type="expandControl" data-feed-action-category="expand"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto"> <button class="ellipsis-menu__trigger collapsible-dropdown__button btn-md btn-tertiary cursor-pointer !py-[6px] !px-1 flex items-center rounded-[50%] ellipsis-menu__trigger--small w-[32px] h-[32px] flex justify-center w-[40px] min-w-[40px]" 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data-comment-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491)"> <button class="contribution-control-menu-item ellipsis-menu__item-button flex items-center w-full py-1 px-2 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm font-bold link-styled focus:link-styled link:no-underline active:bg-color-background-container-tint hover:bg-color-background-container-tint " data-tracking-control-name="comment_control_menu_copy" data-feed-action-category="expand" data-feed-action-type="expandCopyContribution" role="menuitem"> <icon data-svg-class-name=" ellipsis-menu__item-icon text-color-icon h-[20px] w-[auto] mr-1 flex " data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/85z203x9ymzz8gu3a3jmtxy81"></icon> <span class=" ellipsis-menu__item-text inline-block text-color-text font-semibold ">Copy link to contribution</span> </button> </li> <li class="ellipsis-menu__item flex" data-feed-action="semaphoreComment" data-feed-control="comment_control_menu_report" data-tracking-control-name="comment_control_menu_report" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionReporting" data-feed-action-category="expand" data-test-id="contribution-control-menu-report"> <a href="/uas/login?session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fadvice%2F1%2Fyoure-managing-massive-datasets-your-etl-processes-e11yc&trk=comment-semaphore-sign-in-redirect&guestReportContentType=AUTO_GENERATED_SKILL_ARTICLE_CONTRIBUTION&_f=guest-reporting" data-tracking-control-name="comment-semaphore-sign-in-redirect" data-tracking-will-navigate data-item-type="semaphore" data-semaphore-content-type="AUTO_GENERATED_SKILL_ARTICLE_CONTRIBUTION" data-semaphore-content-urn="urn:li:comment:(articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491),7265978089518559232)" data-semaphore-author-urn="urn:li:member:253753800" data-semaphore-tracking-prefix="comment-semaphore" data-is-logged-in="false" data-modal="semaphore__toggle" class="semaphore__toggle 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You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li> <!----><!----> </ul> <!----> </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"><!--"Link copied to clipboard"--></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"><!--"Copy failed, try again later."--></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"><!--"Copy to clipboard is unsupported."--></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">To optimize ETL processes for massive datasets, I partition data to enable efficient processing, reducing memory strain. Parallel processing leverages multiple cores for faster operations, and incremental loading ensures only new or modified data is processed. Caching and query optimization further enhance performance.</p> <button class="contribution__see-more-button absolute bottom-0 right-0 hidden cursor-pointer border-0 bg-color-surface p-0 text-md leading-open text-color-text-secondary hover:text-color-action hover:underline lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_expand" data-feed-control="comment_expand" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionText" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" role="button" type="button">…see more</button> </div> <!----> <div class="contribution__social-action-bar relative right-1 flex flex-row items-center justify-start gap-1"> <div class="contribution-social-activity inline-flex items-center justify-start"> <code id="i18n_reaction_selection_state" style="display: none"><!--"%reactionType% %selectionState%"--></code> <div class="reactions-menu flex flex-row relative items-center justify-center select-none [-webkit-user-select:none] pointer-events-auto contribution-social-activity__reactions-menu " data-accessory-entity-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491),7265978089518559232)" data-reactions-count="3"> <a class="reactions-menu__link text-color-text contribution-social-activity__button flex items-center btn-sm btn-tertiary justify-center sm:flex-row sm:text-sm rounded-sm px-0.5 relative h-6 cursor-pointer w-full contribution-social-activity__reactions-menu " href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F1%2Fyoure-managing-massive-datasets-your-etl-processes-e11yc&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_contribution-social-activity_like-cta" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_contribution-social-activity_reactions-cta" data-parent-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491),7265978089518559232)" data-tracking-will-navigate data-accessory-entity-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491),7265978089518559232)" data-reactions-count="3"> <!----> <div class="like-button-default flex flex-row items-center "> <icon class="contribution-social-activity__icon w-[24px] h-[24px] mr-0.5 sm:m-0" data-svg-class-name="contribution-social-activity__icon w-[24px] h-[24px] mr-0.5 sm:m-0--svg" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/e2cf8dn8tvjcu9gl3qcxhw31q"> </icon> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Like</span> </div> </a> </div> <template id="selected-reaction"> <div> <div class="selected-reaction--LIKE flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Like" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/7ze70iqo2l1rn7hwfoykiwjod"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Like</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--PRAISE flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Celebrate" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/czva5w81r4b0pjr7sh5r4nbw9"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Celebrate</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--APPRECIATION flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Support" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8kvqqk9m1eu5ffqkdlum1ka1m"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Support</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--EMPATHY flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Love" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5yukss5d7kh4xrbd5642z6tk0"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Love</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--INTEREST flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Insightful" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/es4dlamdpym2zbuhglwx2cuz0"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Insightful</span> </div> <div class="selected-reaction--ENTERTAINMENT flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Funny" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/e0rqrq0h755yqqu59fy047ayt"> <span class="contribution-social-activity__button-text sm:pl-0.5 text-md font-bold hidden md:block">Funny</span> </div> </div> </template> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"><!--"%numReactions% Reaction"--></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"><!--"%numReactions% Reactions"--></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs contribution-social-activity__social-actions before:middot flex items-center justify-start gap-1 pr-1 before:mx-0.5" data-sap-comment-urn="urn:li:comment:(articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491),7265978089518559232)"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="3 Reactions" data-separate-ctas="false" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="3" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" data-entity-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491),7265978089518559232)" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 3 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cib97epu77mrzque5gqlzjgaw"--></code> <!----><!----> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/37hg81qnm85dsy5mbqfifg9qs"--></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/e7ppwfmo0if15fgie4q5r4us4"--></code> <!----> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4v7dh2d6cuqm24mzps1pqzeqt"--></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur"--></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4iy169rwfs5rdhspekg2r5wc6"--></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cjrxeu0ese8oxe32kiom8kzoh"--></code> <!----><!----><!----><!----> </div> </div> <!----> </div> <!----><!----> </div> <!----><!----><!----> </li> <li class="contribution" data-contribution-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7265431195415388162,7265431196900159491),7265967010063237120)" data-contributor-urn="urn:li:member:536560257" data-is-logged-in="false"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between"> <a 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href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-policy?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-cookie-policy" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate> Cookie Policy </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-solid-secondary flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-solid-secondary hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/copyright-policy?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-copyright-policy" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-copyright-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate> Copyright Policy </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-solid-secondary flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-solid-secondary hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://brand.linkedin.com/policies?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-brand-policy" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-brand-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate> Brand Policy </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-solid-secondary flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-solid-secondary hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/psettings/guest-controls?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-guest-controls" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-guest-controls" data-tracking-will-navigate> Guest Controls </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-solid-secondary flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-solid-secondary hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/professional-community-policies?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-community-guide" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-community-guide" data-tracking-will-navigate> Community Guidelines </a> </li> <!----> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-solid-secondary flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown collapsible-dropdown--footer collapsible-dropdown--up flex items-center relative hyphens-auto language-selector z-2"> <!----> <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-1 bottom-[100%] top-auto" role="menu" tabindex="-1"> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="العربية (Arabic)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ar_AE" data-locale="ar_AE" role="menuitem" lang="ar_AE"> العربية (Arabic) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="বাংলা (Bangla)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-bn_IN" data-locale="bn_IN" role="menuitem" lang="bn_IN"> বাংলা (Bangla) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Čeština (Czech)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-cs_CZ" data-locale="cs_CZ" role="menuitem" lang="cs_CZ"> Čeština (Czech) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Dansk (Danish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-da_DK" data-locale="da_DK" role="menuitem" lang="da_DK"> Dansk (Danish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Deutsch (German)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-de_DE" data-locale="de_DE" role="menuitem" lang="de_DE"> Deutsch (German) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Ελληνικά (Greek)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-el_GR" data-locale="el_GR" role="menuitem" lang="el_GR"> Ελληνικά (Greek) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="English (English) selected" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link--selected" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-en_US" data-locale="en_US" role="menuitem" lang="en_US"> <strong>English (English)</strong> </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Español (Spanish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-es_ES" data-locale="es_ES" role="menuitem" lang="es_ES"> Español (Spanish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="فارسی (Persian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fa_IR" data-locale="fa_IR" role="menuitem" lang="fa_IR"> فارسی (Persian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Suomi (Finnish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fi_FI" data-locale="fi_FI" role="menuitem" lang="fi_FI"> Suomi (Finnish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Français (French)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fr_FR" data-locale="fr_FR" role="menuitem" lang="fr_FR"> Français (French) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="हिंदी (Hindi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-hi_IN" data-locale="hi_IN" role="menuitem" lang="hi_IN"> हिंदी (Hindi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Magyar (Hungarian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-hu_HU" data-locale="hu_HU" role="menuitem" lang="hu_HU"> Magyar (Hungarian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-in_ID" data-locale="in_ID" role="menuitem" lang="in_ID"> Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Italiano (Italian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-it_IT" data-locale="it_IT" role="menuitem" lang="it_IT"> Italiano (Italian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="עברית (Hebrew)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-iw_IL" data-locale="iw_IL" role="menuitem" lang="iw_IL"> עברית (Hebrew) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="日本語 (Japanese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ja_JP" data-locale="ja_JP" role="menuitem" lang="ja_JP"> 日本語 (Japanese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="한국어 (Korean)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ko_KR" data-locale="ko_KR" role="menuitem" lang="ko_KR"> 한국어 (Korean) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="मराठी (Marathi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-mr_IN" data-locale="mr_IN" role="menuitem" lang="mr_IN"> मराठी (Marathi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Bahasa Malaysia (Malay)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ms_MY" data-locale="ms_MY" role="menuitem" lang="ms_MY"> Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Nederlands (Dutch)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-nl_NL" data-locale="nl_NL" role="menuitem" lang="nl_NL"> Nederlands (Dutch) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Norsk (Norwegian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-no_NO" data-locale="no_NO" role="menuitem" lang="no_NO"> Norsk (Norwegian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pa_IN" data-locale="pa_IN" role="menuitem" lang="pa_IN"> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Polski (Polish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pl_PL" data-locale="pl_PL" role="menuitem" lang="pl_PL"> Polski (Polish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Português (Portuguese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pt_BR" data-locale="pt_BR" role="menuitem" lang="pt_BR"> Português (Portuguese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Română (Romanian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ro_RO" data-locale="ro_RO" role="menuitem" lang="ro_RO"> Română (Romanian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Русский (Russian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ru_RU" data-locale="ru_RU" role="menuitem" lang="ru_RU"> Русский (Russian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Svenska (Swedish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-sv_SE" data-locale="sv_SE" role="menuitem" lang="sv_SE"> Svenska (Swedish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="తెలుగు (Telugu)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-te_IN" data-locale="te_IN" role="menuitem" lang="te_IN"> తెలుగు (Telugu) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="ภาษาไทย (Thai)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-th_TH" data-locale="th_TH" role="menuitem" lang="th_TH"> ภาษาไทย (Thai) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Tagalog (Tagalog)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tl_PH" data-locale="tl_PH" role="menuitem" lang="tl_PH"> Tagalog (Tagalog) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Türkçe (Turkish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tr_TR" data-locale="tr_TR" role="menuitem" lang="tr_TR"> Türkçe (Turkish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Українська (Ukrainian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-uk_UA" data-locale="uk_UA" role="menuitem" lang="uk_UA"> Українська (Ukrainian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-vi_VN" data-locale="vi_VN" role="menuitem" lang="vi_VN"> Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified))" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-zh_CN" data-locale="zh_CN" role="menuitem" lang="zh_CN"> 简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified)) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional))" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer 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