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Dart programming language | Dart

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pub</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/verified-publishers">Verified publishers</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/security-advisories">Security advisories</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/versioning">Versioning</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/custom-package-repositories">Custom package repositories</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/guides/libraries/private-files">What not to commit</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#sidenav-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-5">Development</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="sidenav-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/guides/json">JSON</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/guides/language/numbers">Number representation</a></li><li 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href="/interop/js-interop/usage">Usage</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/js-types">JS types</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/tutorials">Tutorials</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/past-js-interop">Past JS interop</a></li><div class="dropdown-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/package-web">Web interop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#sidenav-7" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-7">Tools & techniques</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="sidenav-7"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-7-2" href="#sidenav-7-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" 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collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-7-5" href="#sidenav-7-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-7-5">Testing & optimization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="sidenav-7-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/guides/testing">Testing</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web/debugging">Debugging web apps</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#sidenav-9" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-9">Resources</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="sidenav-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/dart-cheatsheet">Language cheatsheet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/breaking-changes">Breaking changes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/guides/language/evolution">Language evolution</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/guides/language/spec">Language specification</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/dart-3-migration">Dart 3 migration guide</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-9-6" href="#sidenav-9-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-9-6">Coming from ...</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="sidenav-9-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/coming-from/js-to-dart">JavaScript to Dart</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/coming-from/swift-to-dart">Swift to Dart</a></li></ul></li><div class="dropdown-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/faq">FAQ</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/glossary">Glossary</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a 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href="https://pub.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Package site</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><main id="page-content"><div class="d-none d-sm-none d-md-block"><section class="dash-header"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline><source src="assets/dash/video/hotreload.webm" type='video/webm;codecs="vp8, vorbis"'><source src="assets/dash/video/hotreload.mp4" type='video/mp4;codecs="avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2"'><img src="assets/dash/2x/paint-your-ui.png" alt="Paint your UI"></video></section></div><section class="dash-header d-sm-block d-md-none"><img src="assets/dash/2x/paint-your-ui.png" alt="Paint your UI to life"></section><section class="dash-header-callout"><div class="callout-title">An approachable, portable, and productive language for high-quality apps on any platform</div><div class="callout-button"><button class="btn btn-link btn-icon" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#videoModal" data-video="5F-6n_2XWR8"><i class="material-symbols">play_circle</i> Watch video</button></div><img class="made-by" src="assets/dash/2x/supported-by-google.png" alt="Supported by Google"><div class="callout-oss"><p>Dart is free and open source &nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/" title="Dart project GitHub organization"> <svg><use href="/assets/img/social/github.svg#github"></use></svg></a></p></div></section><section class="dash-dart-features"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12"><div class="feature"><div class="feature-icon"><img src="assets/dash/2x/multiplatform-performance-light-op1.png" alt="Multiplatform performance"></div><div class="feature-title">Approachable<br></div><div class="feature-desc">Develop with a consistent, concise, and strongly typed programming language that offers modern features like null safety and pattern matching.</div></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12"><div class="feature"><div class="feature-icon"><img src="assets/dash/2x/client-optimized-light-op1.png" alt="Client optimised"></div><div class="feature-title">Productive<br>development</div><div class="feature-desc">Make changes iteratively: use hot reload to see the result instantly in your running app.</div></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12"><div class="feature"><div class="feature-icon"><img src="assets/dash/2x/productive-dev-light-op1.png" alt="Productive development"></div><div class="feature-title">Portable and fast<br>on all platforms</div><div class="feature-desc">Compile to ARM, x64, and RISC-V machine code for mobile, desktop, and backend. Or, compile to JavaScript & WebAssembly for the web.</div></div></div></div></div></section><div class="dart-dash-details container-fluid d-sm-block d-md-none" tabindex="-1"><section class="row dash-row"><div class="col-lg-7 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-image"><img class="gallerySix" src="assets/dash/svg/1-1-async-await.svg" alt="Async await functions"></div><div class="col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-info"><div class="content-container"><div class="content-icon"><img src="assets/dash/2x/multiplatform-performance-light-op1.png" alt="Multiplatform performance"></div><div class="content-feature">Approachable</div><div class="content-desc" id="gallerySix"><ul class="selector"><li class="highlight" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/1-1-async-await.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Mature and complete <a href="/libraries/async/async-await">async-await</a> for user interfaces containing event-driven code, paired with <a href="/language/concurrency">isolate-based concurrency</a></div></div></li><li data-banner="assets/dash/svg/1-2-language-optimized.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Write safe and concise code using features like <a href="/null-safety">sound null safety</a>, <a href="/language/collections#control-flow-operators">collection if</a>, and <a href="/language/patterns">pattern matching</a>.</div></div></li><li data-banner="assets/dash/svg/1-3-familiar-syntax.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">A consistent programming language, with an easy to learn and <a href="/language">familiar syntax</a>.</div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div></section><section class="row dash-row"><div class="col-lg-7 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-image"><img class="galleryFive" src="assets/dash/svg/2-1-hot-reload-iterative-changes.svg" alt="Hot reload changes"></div><div class="col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-info"><div class="content-container"><div class="content-icon"><img src="assets/dash/2x/client-optimized-light-op1.png" alt="Productive development"></div><div class="content-feature">Productive Development</div><div class="content-desc" id="galleryFive"><ul class="selector"><li class="highlight" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/2-1-hot-reload-iterative-changes.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Make changes to your source code iteratively, using <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/hot-reload">hot reload</a> to instantly see the effect in the running app.</div></div></li><li data-banner="assets/dash/svg/2-2-flexible-type.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Write code using a flexible type system with rich static analysis and powerful, <a href="/tools/analysis">configurable tooling</a>.</div></div></li><li data-banner="assets/dash/svg/2-3-runtime-insight.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Do <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/performance">profiling</a>, <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/logging">logging</a>, and <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/debugger">debugging</a> with your code editor of choice.</div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div></section><section class="row dash-row"><div class="col-lg-7 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-image"><img class="galleryFour dash-align-left" src="assets/dash/svg/3-1-aot-compile.svg" alt="Compiling dart file"></div><div class="col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-info"><div class="content-container"><div class="content-icon"><img src="assets/dash/2x/client-optimized-light-op1.png" alt="Client optimized"></div><div class="content-feature">Fast on all platforms</div><div class="content-desc" id="galleryFour"><ul class="selector"><li class="highlight" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/3-1-aot-compile.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text"><a href="/overview#native-platform">AOT-compile</a> apps to native machine code for <a href="https://github.com/timsneath/time">instant startup</a>.</div></div></li><li data-banner="assets/dash/svg/3-2-target-web.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Target the web with complete, mature, fast <a href="/overview#web-platform">compilers for JavaScript & WebAssembly</a>.</div></div></li><li data-banner="assets/dash/svg/3-3-backend-code.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Run <a href="/tutorials/server/httpserver">backend code</a> supporting your app, written using a single programming language.</div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></section></div><div class="dart-dash-details container-fluid d-none d-sm-none d-md-block"><section class="row dash-row"><div class="col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-info"><div class="content-container dash-align-right"><div class="content-icon"><img src="assets/dash/2x/multiplatform-performance-light-op1.png" alt="Multiplatform performance"></div><div class="content-feature">Approachable</div><div class="content-desc" id="galleryOne"><ul class="selector"><li class="highlight" tabindex="0" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/1-1-async-await.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Mature and complete <a href="/libraries/async/async-await">async-await</a> for user interfaces containing event-driven code, paired with <a href="/language/concurrency">isolate-based concurrency</a>.</div></div></li><li tabindex="0" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/1-2-language-optimized.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Write safe and concise code using features like <a href="/null-safety">sound null safety</a>, <a href="/language/collections#control-flow-operators">collection if</a>, and <a href="/language/patterns">pattern matching</a>.</div></div></li><li tabindex="0" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/1-3-familiar-syntax.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">A consistent programming language, with an easy to learn and <a href="/language">familiar syntax</a>.</div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="col-lg-7 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-image"><img class="galleryOne dash-align-left" src="assets/dash/svg/1-1-async-await.svg" alt="Async await functions "></div></section><section class="row dash-row"><div class="col-lg-7 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-image"><img class="galleryTwo dash-align-right" src="assets/dash/svg/2-1-hot-reload-iterative-changes.svg" alt="Hot reload your changes"></div><div class="col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-info"><div class="content-container dash-align-left"><div class="content-icon"><img src="assets/dash/2x/client-optimized-light-op1.png" alt="Productive development"></div><div class="content-feature">Productive development</div><div class="content-desc" id="galleryTwo"><ul class="selector"><li class="highlight" tabindex="0" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/2-1-hot-reload-iterative-changes.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Make changes to your source code iteratively, using <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/hot-reload">hot reload</a> to instantly see the effect in the running app.</div></div></li><li tabindex="0" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/2-2-flexible-type.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Write code using a flexible type system with rich static analysis and powerful, <a href="/tools/analysis">configurable tooling</a>.</div></div></li><li tabindex="0" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/2-3-runtime-insight.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Do <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/performance">profiling</a>, <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/logging">logging</a>, and <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/debugger">debugging</a> with your code editor of choice.</div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></section><section class="row dash-row"><div class="col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-info"><div class="content-container dash-align-right"><div class="content-icon"><img src="assets/dash/2x/multiplatform-performance-light-op1.png" alt="Multiplatform performance"></div><div class="content-feature">Fast on all platforms</div><div class="content-desc" id="galleryThree"><ul class="selector"><li class="highlight" tabindex="0" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/3-1-aot-compile.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text"><a href="/overview#native-platform">AOT-compile</a> apps to native machine code for <a href="https://github.com/timsneath/time">instant startup</a>.</div></div></li><li tabindex="0" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/3-2-target-web.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Target the web with complete, mature, fast <a href="/overview#web-platform">compilers for JavaScript and WebAssembly</a>.</div></div></li><li tabindex="0" data-banner="assets/dash/svg/3-3-backend-code.svg"><div><div class="bullet-container"><div class="animated-bullet"></div></div><div class="bullet-text">Run <a href="/tutorials/server/httpserver">backend code</a> supporting your app, written using a single programming language.</div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="col-lg-7 col-md-6 col-sm-12 content-image"><img class="galleryThree dash-align-left" src="assets/dash/svg/3-1-aot-compile.svg" alt="Compiling dart file"></div></section><section class="row dash-dartpad-row"><div class="dash-dartpad"><a id="try-dart" class="frontanchor"></a><h2>Try Dart in your browser</h2><div id="dartpad-host"><iframe src="https://dartpad.dev?theme=dark" loading="lazy"></iframe></div><h3>Want more practice? <a href="/language">Learn the language</a>, explore the <a href="/libraries">core libraries</a>, or <a href="/tutorials/server/get-started">build a command-line app</a>.</h3></div></section></div><div class="modal fade" data-video-modal id="videoModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-lg" role="document"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-body"><div class="embedded-video-wrapper"><div 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