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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Societies and trade organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Societies_and_trade_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noted_cinematographers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noted_cinematographers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Noted cinematographers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noted_cinematographers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cinematographer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="مصور سينمائي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مصور سينمائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direutor_de_fotograf%C3%ADa" title="Direutor de fotografía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Direutor de fotografía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurulu%C5%9F%C3%A7u_rejissor" title="Quruluşçu rejissor – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Quruluşçu rejissor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snimatelj" title="Snimatelj – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Snimatelj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_de_fotografia" title="Director de fotografia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Director de fotografia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameraman" title="Kameraman – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kameraman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinematograffydd" title="Sinematograffydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sinematograffydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfotograf" title="Filmfotograf – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Filmfotograf" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameramann" title="Kameramann – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kameramann" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Κινηματογραφιστής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κινηματογραφιστής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_de_fotograf%C3%ADa" title="Director de fotografía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Director de fotografía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameraisto" title="Kameraisto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kameraisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argazki-zuzendari" title="Argazki-zuzendari – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Argazki-zuzendari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="فیلم‌بردار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلم‌بردار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directeur_de_la_photographie" title="Directeur de la photographie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Directeur de la photographie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameraregisseur" title="Kameraregisseur – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kameraregisseur" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%AC%EC%98%81_%EA%B0%90%EB%8F%85" title="촬영 감독 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="촬영 감독" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B2_%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Բեմադրող օպերատոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բեմադրող օպերատոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="छायाकार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="छायाकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snimatelj" title="Snimatelj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Snimatelj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinematografer" title="Sinematografer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sinematografer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direttore_della_fotografia" title="Direttore della fotografia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Direttore della fotografia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2" title="צלם קולנוע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צלם קולנוע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinooperators" title="Kinooperators – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kinooperators" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematograph" title="Cinematograph – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cinematograph" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operat%C5%91r" title="Operatőr – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Operatőr" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95" title="छायाचित्रण संचालक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="छायाचित्रण संचालक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7" title="مصور سينيما – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مصور سينيما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurugambar_sinematik" title="Jurugambar sinematik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jurugambar sinematik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_photography" title="Director of photography – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Director of photography" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3" title="撮影監督 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="撮影監督" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmfotograf" title="Filmfotograf – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filmfotograf" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_de_la_fotografia" title="Director de la fotografia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Director de la fotografia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinooperator" title="Kinooperator – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kinooperator" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%96" title="អ្នកថតភាពយន្តអាជីព – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អ្នកថតភាពយន្តអាជីព" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameramann" title="Kameramann – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kameramann" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_filmowy" title="Operator filmowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Operator filmowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diretor_de_fotografia" title="Diretor de fotografia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Diretor de fotografia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_de_imagine" title="Director de imagine – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Director de imagine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Оператор-постановщик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оператор-постановщик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameramani" title="Kameramani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kameramani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_photography" title="Director of photography – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Director of photography" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameraman" title="Kameraman – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kameraman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direktor_fotografije" title="Direktor fotografije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Direktor fotografije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="وێنەگری سینەمایی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وێنەگری سینەمایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Директор фотографије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Директор фотографије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direktor_fotografije" title="Direktor fotografije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Direktor fotografije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Creative head of a motion picture's camera and lighting decisions</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_040615-N-6817C-030_A_camera_crew_sets_up_for_scenes_to_be_taped_on_the_flight_deck_for_the_upcoming_motion_picture_Stealth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/US_Navy_040615-N-6817C-030_A_camera_crew_sets_up_for_scenes_to_be_taped_on_the_flight_deck_for_the_upcoming_motion_picture_Stealth.jpg/220px-US_Navy_040615-N-6817C-030_A_camera_crew_sets_up_for_scenes_to_be_taped_on_the_flight_deck_for_the_upcoming_motion_picture_Stealth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/US_Navy_040615-N-6817C-030_A_camera_crew_sets_up_for_scenes_to_be_taped_on_the_flight_deck_for_the_upcoming_motion_picture_Stealth.jpg/330px-US_Navy_040615-N-6817C-030_A_camera_crew_sets_up_for_scenes_to_be_taped_on_the_flight_deck_for_the_upcoming_motion_picture_Stealth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/US_Navy_040615-N-6817C-030_A_camera_crew_sets_up_for_scenes_to_be_taped_on_the_flight_deck_for_the_upcoming_motion_picture_Stealth.jpg/440px-US_Navy_040615-N-6817C-030_A_camera_crew_sets_up_for_scenes_to_be_taped_on_the_flight_deck_for_the_upcoming_motion_picture_Stealth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Camera_crew" class="mw-redirect" title="Camera crew">camera crew</a> sets up for scenes to be filmed on the flight deck for the motion picture <i><a href="/wiki/Stealth_(film)" title="Stealth (film)">Stealth</a></i> with the crew of the <a href="/wiki/Nimitz-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Nimitz-class aircraft carrier"><i>Nimitz</i>-class aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Abraham_Lincoln_(CVN-72)" title="USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)">USS <i>Abraham Lincoln</i> (CVN-72)</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>cinematographer</b> or <b>director of photography</b> (sometimes shortened to <b>DP</b> or <b>DOP</b>) is the person responsible for the recording of a <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, television production, music video or other live-action piece. The cinematographer is the chief of the camera and light <a href="/wiki/Film_crew" title="Film crew">crews</a> working on such projects. They would normally be responsible for making artistic and technical decisions related to the image and for selecting the camera, <a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">film stock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photographic_lens" class="mw-redirect" title="Photographic lens">lenses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filter_(photography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Filter (photography)">filters</a>, etc. The study and practice of this field are referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a></i>. </p><p>The cinematographer is a subordinate of the <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">director</a>, tasked with capturing a scene in accordance with the director's vision. Relations between the cinematographer and director vary. In some instances, the director will allow the cinematographer complete independence, while in others, the director allows little to none, even going so far as to specify exact camera placement and lens selection. Such a level of involvement is less common when the director and cinematographer have become comfortable with each other. The director will typically convey to the cinematographer what is wanted from a scene visually and allow the cinematographer latitude in achieving that effect. </p><p>The scenes recorded by the cinematographer are passed to the film editor for <a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">editing</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinematographer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LiamHigginsAdidasTerrex.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/LiamHigginsAdidasTerrex.png/220px-LiamHigginsAdidasTerrex.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/LiamHigginsAdidasTerrex.png/330px-LiamHigginsAdidasTerrex.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/LiamHigginsAdidasTerrex.png/440px-LiamHigginsAdidasTerrex.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Outdoor gear protects the camera operator and camera.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the infancy of motion pictures, the cinematographer was usually also the <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">director</a> and the person physically handling the camera. As the art form and technology evolved, a separation between director and <a href="/wiki/Camera_operator" title="Camera operator">camera operator</a> emerged. With the advent of artificial lighting and faster (more light-sensitive) <a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">film stocks</a>, in addition to technological advancements in optics, the technical aspects of cinematography necessitated a specialist in that area. </p><p>Cinematography was key during the <a href="/wiki/Silent_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Silent movie">silent movie</a> era; with no sound apart from <a href="/wiki/Background_music" title="Background music">background music</a> and no dialogue, the films depended on lighting, acting, and set. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="American Society of Cinematographers">American Society of Cinematographers</a> (ASC) was formed in 1919 in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, and was the first trade society for cinematographers. Similar societies were formed in other countries. For example, the <a href="/wiki/British_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="British Society of Cinematographers">British Society of Cinematographers</a> (BSC). Their aims include the recognition of the cinematographer's contribution to the art and science of motion picture making.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Societies_and_trade_organizations">Societies and trade organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinematographer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Societies and trade organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a number of national associations of cinematographers that represent members (irrespective of their official titles) and are dedicated to the advancement of cinematography, including: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="American Society of Cinematographers">American Society of Cinematographers</a> (A.S.C.)</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_Cinematographers_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brazilian Cinematographers Society (page does not exist)">Brazilian Cinematographers Society</a> (A.B.C.)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/International_Collective_of_Female_Cinematographers" title="International Collective of Female Cinematographers">International Collective of Women Cinematographers</a> (ICFC)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="Canadian Society of Cinematographers">Canadian Society of Cinematographers</a> (C.S.C.)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sathish._G.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sathish._G.jpg/220px-Sathish._G.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sathish._G.jpg/330px-Sathish._G.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sathish._G.jpg/440px-Sathish._G.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Cameraman along with the equipment for making cinematography.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_Society_of_Cinematographers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czech Society of Cinematographers (page does not exist)">Czech Society of Cinematographers</a> (AČK)</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cin%C3%A9vore_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinévore Madagascar (page does not exist)">Cinévore Madagascar</a></li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_Society_of_Cinematographers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish Society of Cinematographers (page does not exist)">Finnish Society of Cinematographers</a> (F.S.C.)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Guild_of_British_Camera_Technicians" title="Guild of British Camera Technicians">Guild of British Camera Technicians</a> (G.B.C.T.)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/British_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="British Society of Cinematographers">British Society of Cinematographers</a> (B.S.C.)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Cinematographers_Society" title="Australian Cinematographers Society">Australian Cinematographers Society</a> (A.C.S.)</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinematographers_Guild_of_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinematographers Guild of Korea (page does not exist)">Cinematographers Guild of Korea</a> (C.G.K.)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="Filipino Society of Cinematographers">Filipino Society of Cinematographers</a> (F.S.C.)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/French_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="French Society of Cinematographers">French Society of Cinematographers</a> (A.F.C.)</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Society_of_Cinematographers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian Society of Cinematographers (page does not exist)">Italian Society of Cinematographers</a> (A.I.C.)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Indian_cinematographers" title="Indian cinematographers">Western India Cinematographers Association</a> (W.I.C.A.)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Indian_cinematographers" title="Indian cinematographers">Indian Society of Cinematographers</a> (I.S.C.)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/German_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="German Society of Cinematographers">German Society of Cinematographers</a> (BVK)</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Society_of_Cinematographers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaysian Society of Cinematographers (page does not exist)">Malaysian Society of Cinematographers</a> (MySC)</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netherlands_Society_of_Cinematographers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netherlands Society of Cinematographers (page does not exist)">Netherlands Society of Cinematographers</a> (NSC)</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Slovak_Cinematographers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Slovak Cinematographers (page does not exist)">Association of Slovak Cinematographers</a> (ASK)</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Society_of_Cinematographers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South African Society of Cinematographers (page does not exist)">South African Society of Cinematographers</a> (S.A.S.C.)</li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Society_of_Cinematography_Works&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish Society of Cinematography Works (page does not exist)">Spanish Society of Cinematography Works</a> (A.E.C)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LiamHigginsSergeIbaka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LiamHigginsSergeIbaka.jpg/220px-LiamHigginsSergeIbaka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LiamHigginsSergeIbaka.jpg/330px-LiamHigginsSergeIbaka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/LiamHigginsSergeIbaka.jpg/440px-LiamHigginsSergeIbaka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Camera operator with support rig.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Society_of_Cinematographers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish Society of Cinematographers (page does not exist)">Polish Society of Cinematographers</a> (PSC)</li> <li>the International Federation of Cinematographers (IMAGO)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the Uruguayan Society of Cinematographers (S.C.U)</li> <li>the Lithuanian Association of Cinematographers (LAC)</li> <li>Cinematographers XX</li> <li>Illuminatrix</li></ul> <p>The A.S.C. defines cinematography as: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A creative and interpretive process that culminates in the authorship of an original work of art rather than the simple recording of a physical event. Cinematography is not a subcategory of photography. Rather, photography is but one craft that the cinematographer uses in addition to other physical, organizational, managerial, interpretive and image-manipulating techniques to effect one coherent process.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noted_cinematographers">Noted cinematographers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinematographer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Noted cinematographers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Cinematographers" title="Category:Cinematographers">Category:Cinematographers</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" title="Academy Award for Best Cinematography">Academy Award for Best Cinematography</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> awarded each year to a cinematographer for work on one particular <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">motion picture</a>. </p><p>A number of cinematographers have become directors, including <a href="/wiki/Reed_Morano" title="Reed Morano">Reed Morano</a> who lensed <i><a href="/wiki/Frozen_River" title="Frozen River">Frozen River</a></i> and Beyoncé's <i><a href="/wiki/Lemonade_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemonade (Beyoncé album)">Lemonade</a></i> before winning an Emmy for directing <i><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale_(TV_series)" title="The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)">The Handmaid's Tale</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sonnenfeld" title="Barry Sonnenfeld">Barry Sonnenfeld</a>, originally the <a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Coen brothers</a>' DP; <a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Bont" title="Jan de Bont">Jan de Bont</a>, cinematographer on films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Hard" title="Die Hard">Die Hard</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Basic_Instinct" title="Basic Instinct">Basic Instinct</a></i>, directed <i><a href="/wiki/Speed_(1994_film)" title="Speed (1994 film)">Speed</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Twister_(1996_film)" title="Twister (1996 film)">Twister</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Roeg" title="Nicolas Roeg">Nicolas Roeg</a>, cinematographer on films such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Caretaker_(film)" title="The Caretaker (film)">The Caretaker</a></i> (1963) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Masque_of_the_Red_Death_(1964_film)" title="The Masque of the Red Death (1964 film)">The Masque of the Red Death</a></i> (1964), directed <i><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Look_Now" title="Don't Look Now">Don't Look Now</a></i> (1973) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Fell_to_Earth" title="The Man Who Fell to Earth">The Man Who Fell to Earth</a></i> (1976). <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Kuras" title="Ellen Kuras">Ellen Kuras, ASC</a> photographed <i><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Sunshine_of_the_Spotless_Mind" title="Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind">Eternal Sunshine of The Spotless Mind</a></i> as well as a number of <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Summer_of_Sam" title="Summer of Sam">Summer of Sam</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/He_Got_Game" title="He Got Game">He Got Game</a></i> before directing episodes of <i>Legion</i> and <i>Ozark.</i> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Wally_Pfister" title="Wally Pfister">Wally Pfister</a>, cinematographer on <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Batman_in_film#Christopher_Nolan" title="Batman in film">three <i>Batman</i> films</a>, made his directorial debut with <i><a href="/wiki/Transcendence_(2014_film)" title="Transcendence (2014 film)">Transcendence</a>,</i> whilst British cinematographers <a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Francis" title="Freddie Francis">Freddie Francis</a> regularly moved between the two positions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinematographer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camerimage" title="Camerimage">Camerimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">Cinematography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematography_Mailing_List" title="Cinematography Mailing List">Cinematography Mailing List</a>, a communication forum for cinematographers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_motion_picture_terms" title="Glossary of motion picture terms">Glossary of motion picture terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cinematographers" title="Indian cinematographers">Indian cinematographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_director_and_cinematographer_collaborations" title="List of film director and cinematographer collaborations">List of film director and cinematographer collaborations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="List of film formats">List of film formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film-related_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of film-related topics">List of motion picture-related topics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinematographer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theasc.com/asc/committees/asc-vision-committee">The ASC Vision Committee</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imago.org/">"IMAGO – International Federation of Cinematographers"</a>. <i>imago.org</i>. 2023-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imago.org&rft.atitle=IMAGO+%E2%80%93+International+Federation+of+Cinematographers&rft.date=2023-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimago.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinematographer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHora2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Hora" title="John Hora">Hora, John</a> (2007). "Anamorphic Cinematography". In Burum, Stephen H. (ed.). <i>The American Cinematographer Manual</i> (9 ed.). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0935578317" title="Special:BookSources/978-0935578317"><bdi>978-0935578317</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anamorphic+Cinematography&rft.btitle=The+American+Cinematographer+Manual&rft.edition=9&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0935578317&rft.aulast=Hora&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinematographer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinematographer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524102123/https://cinematography.com/">Cinematography.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318014246/http://cinematography.net/">Cinematography Mailing List (CML)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cameraguild.com/">International Cinematographers Guild</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.precinemahistory.net">The History of the Discovery of Cinematography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201005081325/http://precinemahistory.net/">Archived</a> 2020-10-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theasc.com">American Society of Cinematographers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gbct.org">The Guild of British Camera Technicians</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bscine.com">British Society of Cinematographers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iscindia.in">Indian Society of Cinematographers (ISC)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200406150300/http://www.iscindia.in/">Archived</a> 2020-04-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imago.org">European Federation of Cinematographers/IMAGO</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinematographer.org.au">Australian Cinematographers Society (ACS)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinematografie.org/english/bvk/index.php">German Society of Cinematography, BVK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171205124614/http://www.kinematografie.org/english/bvk/index.php">Archived</a> 2017-12-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aicine.it/">Italian Society of Cinematography, AIC (Autori Italiani della Cinematografia)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinematography.nl/">Netherlands Society of Cinematography, NSC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lac.lt/">Lithuanian Association of Cinematographers, LAC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207102120/http://lac.lt/">Archived</a> 2021-12-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afcinema.com/?lang=en">Association Française des directrices et directeurs de la photographie Cinématographique (AFC)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_crew_(filmmaking)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_crew" title="Template:Film crew"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_crew" title="Template talk:Film crew"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_crew" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film crew"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_crew_(filmmaking)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film_crew" title="Film crew">Film crew</a> (<a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Above_the_line" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Above-the-line_(filmmaking)" title="Above-the-line (filmmaking)">Above the line</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">Actor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leading_actor" title="Leading actor">Leading actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporting_actor" title="Supporting actor">Supporting actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">Ensemble cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_actor" title="Character actor">Character actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_actor" title="Child actor">Child actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">Cameo actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_part" title="Bit part">Bit actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-five" title="Under-five">Under-five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_acting" title="Voice acting">Voice actor</a></li></ul></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">Film director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">Screenwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">Film producer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_producer" title="Executive producer">Executive producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_producer" title="Line producer">Line producer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Below_the_line" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Below-the-line_(filmmaking)" title="Below-the-line (filmmaking)">Below the line</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-production/Production" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">Pre-production</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unit_production_manager" title="Unit production manager">Unit production manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_coordinator" title="Production coordinator">Production coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_accountant" class="mw-redirect" title="Production accountant">Production accountant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_director" title="Assistant director">Assistant director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_assistant" title="Production assistant">Production assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_supervisor" title="Script supervisor">Script supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_coordinator" title="Script coordinator">Script coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">Casting director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Location_manager" title="Location manager">Location manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Location_scouting" title="Location scouting">Location scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard_artist" title="Storyboard artist">Storyboard artist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinematographer / director of photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_operator" title="Camera operator">Camera operator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focus_puller" title="Focus puller">Focus puller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapper_loader" title="Clapper loader">Clapper loader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steadicam" title="Steadicam">Steadicam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_imaging_technician" title="Digital imaging technician">Digital imaging technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_unit" title="Second unit">Second unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaffer_(occupation)" title="Gaffer (occupation)">Gaffer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_boy" title="Best boy">Best boy electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_technician" title="Lighting technician">Lighting technician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_grip" title="Key grip">Key grip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_boy" title="Best boy">Best boy grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_grip" title="Dolly grip">Dolly grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grip_(occupation)" title="Grip (occupation)">Grip</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production <br /> design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Set_(film_and_TV_scenery)" title="Set (film and TV scenery)">Sets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_director#In_film" title="Art director">Art director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_decorator" title="Set decorator">Set decorator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_dresser" title="Set dresser">Set dresser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_gang" title="Swing gang">Swing gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matte_painting" title="Matte painting">Matte painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensman" title="Greensman">Greensman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Props" class="mw-redirect" title="Props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_master" title="Property master">Property master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_master" title="Weapons master">Weapons master</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">Wardrobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe_supervisor" title="Wardrobe supervisor">Wardrobe supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special<br />effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_effects_supervisor" title="Special effects supervisor">Special effects supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects_supervisor" title="Visual effects supervisor">Visual effects supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hairdresser" title="Hairdresser">Hairdresser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make-up_artist" title="Make-up artist">Make-up artist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_audiography" title="Director of audiography">Director of audiography / sound director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_sound_mixer" title="Production sound mixer">Production sound mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_operator_(media)" title="Boom operator (media)">Boom operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_sound_technician" title="Utility sound technician">Utility sound technician</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animation_department" title="Animation department">Animation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animator" title="Animator">Animator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_model" title="Conceptual model">Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_animation" title="Skeletal animation">Rigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layout_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Layout artist">Layout artist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Talent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acting" title="Acting">Acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acting_coach" title="Acting coach">Acting coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_double" class="mw-redirect" title="Body double">Body double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_coach" title="Dialect coach">Dialect coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_director" title="Movement director">Movement director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">Choreographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra_(acting)" title="Extra (acting)">Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">Talent agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-in" title="Stand-in">Stand-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acting_instructor" title="Acting instructor">Acting instructor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimacy_coordinator" title="Intimacy coordinator">Intimacy coordinator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stunts" class="mw-redirect" title="Stunts">Stunts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_coordinator" title="Stunt coordinator">Stunt coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_double" class="mw-redirect" title="Stunt double">Stunt double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_performer" title="Stunt performer">Stunt performer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_combat" title="Stage combat">Stage combat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wrangler_(profession)#Film_industry" title="Wrangler (profession)">Animal wrangler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Picture">Picture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">Film editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_grading" title="Color grading">Colorist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Sound editor (filmmaking)">Sound editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_editor" title="Dialogue editor">Dialogue editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-recording_mixer" title="Re-recording mixer">Re-recording mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley_(filmmaking)" title="Foley (filmmaking)">Foley artist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_foley" title="Voice foley">Voice foley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">Dubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)#ADR/post-sync" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">ADR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)#Subtitles" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">Subtitles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">Score</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_supervisor" title="Music supervisor">Music supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Music editor (filmmaking)">Music editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual<br />effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VFX_creative_director" title="VFX creative director">VFX creative director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual effects editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">Compositor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">Computer-generated imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)" title="Rendering (computer graphics)">Rendering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technical_director#Film" title="Technical director">Technical director</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> 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