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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SGIP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>SGIP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SGIP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DLNA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DLNA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>DLNA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DLNA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SAE_and_IEC_62196" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SAE_and_IEC_62196"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>SAE and IEC 62196</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SAE_and_IEC_62196-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IEEE_1905.1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IEEE_1905.1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>IEEE 1905.1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IEEE_1905.1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related standards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_standards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related standards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Derived_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derived_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Derived standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derived_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">IEEE standard for broadband over power lines</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet" title="Power over Ethernet">Power over Ethernet</a> (PoE).</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>IEEE 1901</b> is a standard for high-speed (up to 500 Mbit/s at the physical layer) communication devices via electric power lines, often called <a href="/wiki/Broadband_over_power_lines" title="Broadband over power lines">broadband over power lines</a> (BPL).<sup id="cite_ref-NAYA14_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAYA14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The standard uses transmission frequencies below 100 MHz. This standard is usable by all classes of BPL devices, including BPL devices used for the connection (<1500m to the premises) to <a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">Internet access</a> services as well as BPL devices used within buildings for <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area networks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">smart energy applications</a>, transportation platforms (vehicle), and other data distribution applications (<100m between devices).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IEEE 1901 Standard, established in 2010, set the first worldwide benchmark for powerline communication tailored for multimedia home networks, audio-video, and the smart grid. This standard underwent an amendment in IEEE 1901a-2019, introducing improvements to the HD-PLC physical layer (wavelet) for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It was further updated in 2020, known as IEEE 1901-2020.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IEEE 1901 standard replaced a dozen previous powerline specifications. It includes a mandatory coexistence Inter-System Protocol (ISP). The IEEE 1901 ISP prevents interference when the different BPL implementations are operated within close proximity of one another.<sup id="cite_ref-realities_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realities-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To handle multiple devices attempting to use the line at the same time, IEEE 1901 supports <a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiple_access" title="Time-division multiple access">TDMA</a>, but <a href="/wiki/CSMA/CA" class="mw-redirect" title="CSMA/CA">CSMA/CA</a> (also used in <a href="/wiki/WiFi" class="mw-redirect" title="WiFi">WiFi</a>) is most commonly implemented by devices sold.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IEEE 1901 standard is mandatory to initiate <a href="/wiki/SAE_J1772" title="SAE J1772">SAE J1772</a> <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a> DC charging (AC uses <a href="/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation" title="Pulse-width modulation">PWM</a>) and the sole powerline protocol for <a href="/wiki/IEEE_1905" title="IEEE 1905">IEEE 1905</a>.1 heterogeneous networking. It was highly recommended in the IEEE P1909.1 <a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">smart grid</a> standards because those are primarily for control of AC devices, which by definition always have AC power connections - thus no additional connections are required. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Updates_overview">Updates overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Updates overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IEEE 1901 Standard was a significant step in the development of powerline communication (PLC) technologies. PLC allows for data communication over existing power lines, which can be particularly useful in environments where it's difficult to lay new wiring or where wireless communication might be problematic. </p> <ol><li><b>IEEE 1901-2010</b>: This was the initial standard that set the groundwork for broadband over power lines (BPL) and in-home powerline networks. It defined two incompatible physical layers: <ul><li><b>FFT</b> (Fast Fourier Transform) <b>based</b> <b>OFDM</b> (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing): Primarily used for access BPL.</li> <li><b>Wavelet-based OFDM</b>: Used for in-home networks and some access BPL applications.</li></ul></li> <li><b>IEEE 1901a-2019</b>: This amendment focused on enhancing the wavelet-based <b>HD-PLC</b> (High Definition Power Line Communication) physical layer. The main goal was to make it more suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. IoT devices often require low power, low latency, and reliable communication, and the enhancements in this amendment aimed to cater to these needs.</li> <li><b>IEEE 1901-2020</b>: This was a revision of the original 1901 standard. Revisions in standards typically involve updates to address technological advancements, incorporate feedback from the industry, and ensure that the standard remains relevant and effective. The revision incorporates amendment IEEE 1901a-2019.</li> <li><b>IEEE 1901b-2021</b>: This amendment added state-of the art authentication and authorization mechanisms to the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer using IEEE Std 802.1X, providing secure, interoperable communication to IEEE 1901 IoT and Smart Grid networks.</li> <li><b>IEEE 1901c-2024</b>: This amendment specified how to apply IEEE 1901 specifications on any media. The goal was to achieve seamless communication over different media and between different communication channels. New communication channels extended to low-frequency bands were added to the wavelet-based <b>Nessum</b> (New name of HD-PLC High Definition Power Line Communication) physical layer to address long-range and robust communication on these new media. The amendment also specified how to use IEEE Std 1588 precision time protocol (PTP) in IEEE 1901 networks.</li></ol> <p>The development and evolution of the IEEE 1901 standard underscores the importance of powerline communication in modern networking scenarios. As the IoT continues to grow, with billions of devices getting connected, having a robust and versatile communication medium like PLC can be invaluable, especially in environments where traditional networking methods might be challenging. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IEEE P1901 Working Group started in June 2005. More than 90 organizations contributed to the standard. Half of the organizations were from US, a quarter from Japan and the last quarter from Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-realities_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realities-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IEEE 1901 completed a formal standard IEEE 1901-2010 published in December 2010. The working group which maintains and extends the standards is sponsored by the IEEE Power Line Communication Standard Committee (PLCSC).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IEEE 1901-2020 has been published in January 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoptions">Adoptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Adoptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ITU-T_G.9972">ITU-T G.9972</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: ITU-T G.9972"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IEEE 1901 ISP coexistence protocol was extended to support the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a>'s family of home networking standards known as <a href="/wiki/G.hn" title="G.hn">G.hn</a>, and adopted by the <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> as Recommendation ITU-T <a href="/wiki/G.9972" title="G.9972">G.9972</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ITU_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITU-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SGIP">SGIP</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: SGIP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) initiated by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST) mandates the implementation of the IEEE 1901 ISP coexistence mechanism (or ITU-T G.9972) in all technologies operating over power lines. NISTIR 7862: Guideline for the Implementation of Coexistence for Broadband Power Line Communication Standards<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IEEE 1901 standard is included in the SGIP Catalog of Standards<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="DLNA">DLNA</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: DLNA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012 the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Living_Network_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Living Network Alliance">Digital Living Network Alliance</a> (DLNA) announced it supported IEEE 1901 standards.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SAE_and_IEC_62196">SAE and IEC 62196</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: SAE and IEC 62196"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/SAE_J1772" title="SAE J1772">SAE J1772</a> and <a href="/wiki/IEC_62196" title="IEC 62196">IEC 62196</a> standards for <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a> charging include IEEE 1901 as the standard for <a href="/wiki/Power_line_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Power line communication">power line communication</a> between the vehicle, off-board DC <a href="/wiki/Charging_station" title="Charging station">charging station</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">smart grid</a>, without requiring an additional pin; <a href="/wiki/SAE_International" title="SAE International">SAE International</a> and the <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Standards_Association" title="IEEE Standards Association">IEEE Standards Association</a> are sharing their draft standards related to the smart grid and vehicle electrification.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IEEE_1905.1">IEEE 1905.1</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: IEEE 1905.1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IEEE 1901 is the powerline communication standard supported by the <a href="/wiki/IEEE_1905" title="IEEE 1905">IEEE 1905.1</a> Standard for a Convergent Digital Home Network.<sup id="cite_ref-ETAN14_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETAN14-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1901 standards include two different physical layers (PHY), one based on <a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">fast Fourier transform</a> (FFT) <a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing</a> (OFDM) modulation and another based on <a href="/wiki/Wavelet" title="Wavelet">wavelet</a> OFDM modulation. Each PHY is optional, and implementers of the specification may, but are not required to, include both. The FFT PHY is derived from <a href="/wiki/HomePlug" title="HomePlug">HomePlug</a> AV technology and is deployed in HomePlug-based products. The Wavelet PHY is derived from <a href="/wiki/HD-PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="HD-PLC">HD-PLC</a> technology and is deployed in HD-PLC-based products.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It goes up to <a href="/wiki/1024-QAM" class="mw-redirect" title="1024-QAM">1024-QAM</a>. </p><p>The FFT PHY includes a <a href="/wiki/Forward_error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward error correction">forward error correction</a> (FEC) scheme based on convolutional <a href="/wiki/Turbo_code" title="Turbo code">turbo code</a> (CTC). The second option "Wavelet PHY" includes a mandatory FEC based on concatenated <a href="/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_error_correction" title="Reed–Solomon error correction">Reed–Solomon</a> (RS) and <a href="/wiki/Convolutional_code" title="Convolutional code">convolutional code</a>, and an option to use <a href="/wiki/Low-density_parity-check_code" title="Low-density parity-check code">low-density parity-check</a> (LDPC) code.<sup id="cite_ref-galli_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-galli-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On top of these two physical layers, two different <a href="/wiki/Media_access_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Media access control">media access control</a> (MAC) layers were defined; one for <a href="/wiki/Home_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Home networking">in-home networking</a> and the other for <a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">Internet access</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two MACs were needed because each application has different requirements. </p><p>To manage coexistence between PHYs and MACs the Inter-System Protocol (ISP) was developed. ISP enables various BPL devices and systems to share communication resources (frequency/time) when installed in a network with common electrical wiring. ISP allows 1901-compliant devices and <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> G.hn- compliant devices to co-exist. The protocol provides configurable frequency division for access and time division for in-home with a granularity compatible with the <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_service" title="Quality of service">quality of service</a> (QoS) requirements of the most demanding audio and video applications.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An amendment in 2019, IEEE 1901a-2019, defines a more flexible way of separating wavelet OFDM channels for <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_Things" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a> applications.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second amendment in 2021, IEEE 1901b-2021, adds state-of the art authentication and authorization mechanisms to the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer using IEEE Std 802.1X.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A third amendment in 2024, IEEE 1901c-2024, extends the application of IEEE 1901 to any media and defines new Nessum (Previously HD-PLC) channels to address long-range and robust communication on these new media.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_standards">Related standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Related standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another trade group called the HomeGrid Forum was formed in 2008 to promote the <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> home networking standards known as <a href="/wiki/G.hn" title="G.hn">G.hn</a>. Recommendation ITU-T G.9972 approved in June 2010, specifies a coexistence mechanism for home networking transceivers capable of operating over powerline wiring. This recommendation is based on IEEE 1901 ISP.<sup id="cite_ref-ghn-9972_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghn-9972-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1675-2008" title="IEEE 1675-2008">IEEE 1675</a> was approved in 2008. It provided testing and verification standards for the hardware commonly used for broadband over power line (BPL) installations (primarily couplers and enclosures) and standard installation methods to ensure compliance with applicable codes and standards.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other IEEE standards sponsored by the Power line Communication Standards Committee:<sup id="cite_ref-plcsc_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plcsc-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120721125645/http://standards.ieee.org/develop/project/1909.1.html">"IEEE P1909.1"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.ieee.org/develop/project/1909.1.html">the original</a> on 21 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEEE+P1909.1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstandards.ieee.org%2Fdevelop%2Fproject%2F1909.1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span>: Recommended Practice for Smart Grid Communication Equipment -Test methods and installation requirements</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161015171155/http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1905/1/">"IEEE 1905.1"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1905/1/">the original</a> on 15 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEEE+1905.1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrouper.ieee.org%2Fgroups%2F1905%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span>: Standard for a Convergent Digital Home Network for Heterogeneous Technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-ETAN14_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETAN14-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1775/3764/">"IEEE 1775"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEEE+1775&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstandards.ieee.org%2Fieee%2F1775%2F3764%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span>: Power Line Communication EMC Working Group.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Derived_standards">Derived standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Derived standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two standards below and their amendments are also written by the same committee. Despite the different bandwidths and frequencies addressed, they are based on similar technologies specialized to their main areas of use. All three include provisions for cryptographic security and authentication.<sup id="cite_ref-plcsc_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plcsc-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>IEEE 1901.1: Mid Frequency (less than 12 MHz) Power Line Communications for Smart Grid Applications. It uses either type of OFDM, can use TDMA or CSMA, and modulates up to 16-QAM. It has provisions for ISP.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>IEEE 1901.2: Low Frequency (less than 500 kHz) Narrow Band Power Line Communications for Smart Grid Applications. It was authorized in 2010 and approved as standard by October 2012. It supports data rates of up to 500 kbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-9001-2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9001-2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It only uses FFT OFDM. It supports CSMA or a frequency-notching collision avoidance (FDMA-like), although analyses tend to believe that the CSMA mechanism will be used less often as it requires a preamble to be sent, while FDMA is naturally supported as a part of adaptive tone (frequency) picking.<sup id="cite_ref-p1901-2-notes_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p1901-2-notes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to the other two standards, it has most parts simplified or minified due to the lower speed and more limited scope of use. It modulates up to 16-QAM, supports up to 72 kV grids, and has provisions for sending data across a transformer. It also describes possibility of interoperability with G3-PLC/PRIME CENELEC A.<sup id="cite_ref-9001-2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9001-2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>An <a href="/wiki/IETF_RFC" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF RFC">IETF RFC</a> Draft address the higher layers of the protocol, namely the specifics of passing <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> packets over the PHY and MAC layers of PLC systems like IEEE 1901. <a href="/wiki/6LoWPAN" title="6LoWPAN">6LoWPAN</a> was previously used for this purpose, but it does not match the use case exactly.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_line_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Power line communication">Power line communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePlug" title="HomePlug">HomePlug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.hn" title="G.hn">G.hn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePNA" title="HomePNA">HomePNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nessum" title="Nessum">Nessum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nessum_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Nessum Alliance">Nessum Alliance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NAYA14-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NAYA14_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNayagam,_ArunRajkotia,_Purva_R.Krishnam,_Manjunath.Rindchen,_Markus.2014" class="citation book cs1">Nayagam, Arun; Rajkotia, Purva R.; Krishnam, Manjunath.; Rindchen, Markus. (February 2014). "chapter 13: IEEE 1901: Broadband over Power Line Networks". In Berger, Lars T.; Schwager, Andreas; Pagani, Pascal; Schneider, Daniel M. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140519100833/http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/b16540-17"><i>MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing</i></a>. CRC Press. pp. 391–426. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1201%2Fb16540-17">10.1201/b16540-17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-5752-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-5752-9"><bdi>978-1-4665-5752-9</bdi></a>. 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"Recent Developments in the Standardization of Power Line Communications within the IEEE". <i>IEEE Communications Magazine</i>. <b>46</b> (7): 64–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMCOM.2008.4557044">10.1109/MCOM.2008.4557044</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2650873">2650873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Communications+Magazine&rft.atitle=Recent+Developments+in+the+Standardization+of+Power+Line+Communications+within+the+IEEE&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=64-71&rft.date=2008-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FMCOM.2008.4557044&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2650873%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Stefano+Galli&rft.au=O.+Logvinov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span> An overview of P1901 PHY/MAC proposal.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Goldfisher, S. Tanabe, "IEEE 1901 access system: An overview of its uniqueness and motivation", IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 48, no. 10, October 2010, pp. 150–157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIEEE-SA2009" class="citation news cs1">IEEE-SA (18 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613035326/http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1901/LasVegas_May09_PR.pdf">"IEEE Broadband Over Power Lines Working Group Approves Provisions for MAC/PHY and Inter-System Protocol"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1901/LasVegas_May09_PR.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=IEEE+Broadband+Over+Power+Lines+Working+Group+Approves+Provisions+for+MAC%2FPHY+and+Inter-System+Protocol&rft.date=2009-06-18&rft.au=IEEE-SA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrouper.ieee.org%2Fgroups%2F1901%2FLasVegas_May09_PR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1901a/7361/">"IEEE 1901a-2019 - IEEE Approved Draft Standard for Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications Amendment: Enhancement for Internet of Things applications"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEEE&rft.atitle=IEEE+1901a-2019+-+IEEE+Approved+Draft+Standard+for+Broadband+over+Power+Line+Networks%3A+Medium+Access+Control+and+Physical+Layer+Specifications+Amendment%3A+Enhancement+for+Internet+of+Things+applications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstandards.ieee.org%2Fieee%2F1901a%2F7361%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1901b/10362/">"IEEE 1901b-2021 - IEEE Standard for Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications Amendment 2: Enhancements for Authentication and Authorization"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEEE&rft.atitle=IEEE+1901b-2021+-+IEEE+Standard+for+Broadband+over+Power+Line+Networks%3A+Medium+Access+Control+and+Physical+Layer+Specifications+Amendment+2%3A+Enhancements+for+Authentication+and+Authorization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstandards.ieee.org%2Fieee%2F1901b%2F10362%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1901c/10922/">"IEEE 1901c-2024 - IEEE Approved Draft Standard for Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications Amendment 3: Enhanced Flexible Channel Wavelet (FCW) physical and media access control layers for use on any media"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEEE&rft.atitle=IEEE+1901c-2024+-+IEEE+Approved+Draft+Standard+for+Broadband+over+Power+Line+Networks%3A+Medium+Access+Control+and+Physical+Layer+Specifications+Amendment+3%3A+Enhanced+Flexible+Channel+Wavelet+%28FCW%29+physical+and+media+access+control+layers+for+use+on+any+media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstandards.ieee.org%2Fieee%2F1901c%2F10922%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ghn-9972-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ghn-9972_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.9972-201006-I/en">"G.9972: Coexistence mechanism for wireline home networking transceivers"</a>. <i>ITU-T</i>. November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ITU-T&rft.atitle=G.9972%3A+Coexistence+mechanism+for+wireline+home+networking+transceivers&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itu.int%2Frec%2FT-REC-G.9972-201006-I%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>IEEE STD 1675-2008: IEEE standard for broadband over power line hardware</i>. 7 January 2009. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FIEEESTD.2008.4747595">10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4747595</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7381-5810-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7381-5810-5"><bdi>978-0-7381-5810-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IEEE+STD+1675-2008%3A+IEEE+standard+for+broadband+over+power+line+hardware&rft.date=2009-01-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FIEEESTD.2008.4747595&rft.isbn=978-0-7381-5810-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plcsc-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plcsc_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plcsc_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181104054603/http://sites.ieee.org/sagroups-plcsc/members/">"Active Working Groups and Projects"</a>. <i>Power Line Communications Standards Committee</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sites.ieee.org/sagroups-plcsc/members/">the original</a> on 4 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Power+Line+Communications+Standards+Committee&rft.atitle=Active+Working+Groups+and+Projects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsites.ieee.org%2Fsagroups-plcsc%2Fmembers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sagroups.ieee.org/plcsc/published-standards/">"Published Standards"</a>. <i>Power Line Communications Standards Committee</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Power+Line+Communications+Standards+Committee&rft.atitle=Published+Standards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsagroups.ieee.org%2Fplcsc%2Fpublished-standards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>IEEE 1901.1-2018: Standard for Medium Frequency (less than 12 MHz) Power Line Communications for Smart Grid Applications</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fieeestd.2018.8360785">10.1109/ieeestd.2018.8360785</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5044-4820-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5044-4820-8"><bdi>978-1-5044-4820-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IEEE+1901.1-2018%3A+Standard+for+Medium+Frequency+%28less+than+12+MHz%29+Power+Line+Communications+for+Smart+Grid+Applications.&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2Fieeestd.2018.8360785&rft.isbn=978-1-5044-4820-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9001-2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-9001-2_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-9001-2_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>IEEE 1901.2-2013: Standard for Low-Frequency (less than 500 kHz) Narrowband Power Line Communications for Smart Grid Applications</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fieeestd.2013.6679210">10.1109/ieeestd.2013.6679210</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7381-8793-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7381-8793-8"><bdi>978-0-7381-8793-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IEEE+1901.2-2013%3A+Standard+for+Low-Frequency+%28less+than+500+kHz%29+Narrowband+Power+Line+Communications+for+Smart+Grid+Applications&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2Fieeestd.2013.6679210&rft.isbn=978-0-7381-8793-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1901-2-notes-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p1901-2-notes_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeClareNiktashLevi2013" class="citation journal cs1">LeClare, Jim; Niktash, Afshin; Levi, Victor (22 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/app-notes/index.mvp/id/5676">"APPLICATION NOTE 5676: An Overview, History, and Formation of IEEE P1901.2 for Narrowband OFDM PLCr"</a>. <i>Maxim Integrated</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maxim+Integrated&rft.atitle=APPLICATION+NOTE+5676%3A+An+Overview%2C+History%2C+and+Formation+of+IEEE+P1901.2+for+Narrowband+OFDM+PLCr&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft.aulast=LeClare&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Niktash%2C+Afshin&rft.au=Levi%2C+Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maximintegrated.com%2Fen%2Fapp-notes%2Findex.mvp%2Fid%2F5676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuHouPerkinsTang" class="citation web cs1">Liu, Bing; Hou, Jianqiang; Perkins, Charles; Tang, Xiaojun; Hong, Yong-Geun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-6lo-plc-00">"Transmission of IPv6 Packets over PLC Networks"</a>. <i>tools.ietf.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tools.ietf.org&rft.atitle=Transmission+of+IPv6+Packets+over+PLC+Networks&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Bing&rft.au=Hou%2C+Jianqiang&rft.au=Perkins%2C+Charles&rft.au=Tang%2C+Xiaojun&rft.au=Hong%2C+Yong-Geun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Fdraft-ietf-6lo-plc-00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_1901&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1901/7598/">IEEE 1901-2020</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay_Willington2010" class="citation web cs1">Ray Willington (20 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hothardware.com/News/HomePlug-Powerline-Alliances-Gets-IEEE-Backing-Standard-To-Come-Soon/">"HomePlug Powerline Alliances Gets IEEE Backing: Standard To Come Soon - HotHardware"</a>. <i>HotHardware - we site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HotHardware+-+we+site&rft.atitle=HomePlug+Powerline+Alliances+Gets+IEEE+Backing%3A+Standard+To+Come+Soon+-+HotHardware&rft.date=2010-04-20&rft.au=Ray+Willington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhothardware.com%2FNews%2FHomePlug-Powerline-Alliances-Gets-IEEE-Backing-Standard-To-Come-Soon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hd-plc.org/">"HD-PLC (High Definition Power Line Communication)"</a>. <i>Official web site</i>. HD-PLC Alliance<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+web+site&rft.atitle=HD-PLC+%28High+Definition+Power+Line+Communication%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhd-plc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cablinginstall.com/index/display/article-display/2627895585/articles/cabling-installation-maintenance/news/cabling-standards/ieee/2010/june/major-features_approved.html">"Major Features Approved for Broadband over Powerline Spec"</a>. <i>Cabling Installation & Maintenance</i>. 16 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cabling+Installation+%26+Maintenance&rft.atitle=Major+Features+Approved+for+Broadband+over+Powerline+Spec&rft.date=2010-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cablinginstall.com%2Findex%2Fdisplay%2Farticle-display%2F2627895585%2Farticles%2Fcabling-installation-maintenance%2Fnews%2Fcabling-standards%2Fieee%2F2010%2Fjune%2Fmajor-features_approved.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEEE+1901" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederic_Onado2010" class="citation news cs1">Frederic Onado (June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718035939/http://www.hometoys.com/ezine/10.06/onado/index.htm">"Hometoys Interview With Frederic Onado Is COO of SPiDCOM About IEEE 1901"</a>. <i>HomeToys Home Technology eMagazine</i>. 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href="/wiki/IEEE_854-1987" title="IEEE 854-1987">854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_configuration_management" title="Software configuration management">828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_test_documentation" title="Software test documentation">829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurebus" title="Futurebus">896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_UNIX_Specification" title="Single UNIX Specification">1003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMEbus" title="VMEbus">1014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_design_description" title="Software design description">1016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHDL" title="VHDL">1076</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTAG" title="JTAG">1149.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PILOT" title="PILOT">1154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1164" title="IEEE 1164">1164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Firmware" title="Open Firmware">1275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Interactive_Simulation" title="Distributed Interactive Simulation">1278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1284" title="IEEE 1284">1284</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1355" title="IEEE 1355">1355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">1394</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1451" title="IEEE 1451">1451</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Delay_Format" title="Standard Delay Format">1497</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-level_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="High-level architecture">1516</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1541-2002" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 1541-2002">1541</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1547" title="IEEE 1547">1547</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1584" title="IEEE 1584">1584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Time_Protocol" title="Precision Time Protocol">1588</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Coherent_Interface" title="Scalable Coherent Interface">1596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Library_Format" title="Advanced Library Format">1603</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1613" title="IEEE 1613">1613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1619" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 1619">1619</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SystemC" title="SystemC">1666</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1667" title="IEEE 1667">1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1675-2008" title="IEEE 1675-2008">1675</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP-XACT" title="IP-XACT">1685</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1722" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 1722">1722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1733" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 1733">1733</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SystemVerilog" title="SystemVerilog">1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Power_Format" title="Unified Power Format">1801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNP3" title="DNP3">1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1849" title="IEEE 1849">1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_Specification_Language" title="Property Specification Language">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1855" title="IEEE 1855">1855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DySPAN" title="DySPAN">1900</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RuBee" title="RuBee">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Interoperability_in_Ethernet_Passive_Optical_Networks" title="Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1905" title="IEEE 1905">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_2030" title="IEEE 2030">2030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_T-Kernel" title="Micro T-Kernel">2050</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">16085</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">16326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802" title="IEEE 802">802 series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802" title="IEEE 802">802</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.2" title="IEEE 802.2">.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_bus_network" title="Token bus network">.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_Ring" title="Token Ring">.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.6" title="IEEE 802.6">.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.7" title="IEEE 802.7">.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.8" title="IEEE 802.8">.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.9" title="IEEE 802.9">.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.10" title="IEEE 802.10">.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100BaseVG" title="100BaseVG">.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_modem#IEEE_802.14" title="Cable modem">.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">.16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX · d · e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resilient_Packet_Ring" title="Resilient Packet Ring">.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.18" title="IEEE 802.18">.18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">.20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.21" title="IEEE 802.21">.21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.22" title="IEEE 802.22">.22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_802.24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE 802.24 (page does not exist)">.24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1" title="IEEE 802.1">802.1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1D" title="IEEE 802.1D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_P802.1p" title="IEEE P802.1p">p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1Q" title="IEEE 802.1Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1Qav" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.1Qav">Qav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_Reservation_Protocol" title="Stream Reservation Protocol">Qat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provider_Backbone_Bridge_Traffic_Engineering" title="Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering">Qay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_center_bridging#IEEE_Task_Group" title="Data center bridging">Qaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1Qbb" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.1Qbb">Qbb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanning_Tree_Protocol" title="Spanning Tree Protocol">w</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1X" title="IEEE 802.1X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Layer_Discovery_Protocol" title="Link Layer Discovery Protocol">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1ad" title="IEEE 802.1ad">ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1AE" title="IEEE 802.1AE">AE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1ag" title="IEEE 802.1ag">ag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1ah-2008" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.1ah-2008">ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_Registration_Protocol" title="Multiple Registration Protocol">ak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1aq" title="IEEE 802.1aq">aq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1AS" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.1AS">AS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_aggregation" title="Link aggregation">AX</a> (<a href="/wiki/Link_Aggregation_Control_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Link Aggregation Control Protocol">LACP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Bridging" title="Audio Video Bridging">BA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.3" title="IEEE 802.3">802.3</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10BASE5" title="10BASE5">-1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3a" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3b" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3d" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3d">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3e" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3e">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3i" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3i">i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3j" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3j">j</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3u" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3u">u</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.3x" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.3x">x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3y" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3y">y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3z" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3z">z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3ab" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3ab">ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3ac" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3ac">ac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3ad" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3ad">ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3ae" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3ae">ae</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/802.3af" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3af">af</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3ah" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3ah">ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3ak" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3ak">ak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3an" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3an">an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3aq" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3aq">aq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/802.3at" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3at">at</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3au" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3au">au</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3av" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3av">av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3az" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3az">az</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3ba" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3ba">ba</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/802.3bt" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3bt">bt</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3bu" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3bu">bu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3by" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3by">by</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3bz" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3bz">bz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3ca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3ca (page does not exist)">ca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cb (page does not exist)">cb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cc (page does not exist)">cc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cd (page does not exist)">cd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3ce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3ce (page does not exist)">ce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3cg" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3cg">cg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3ch" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3ch">ch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3ck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3ck (page does not exist)">ck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cm (page does not exist)">cm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cn (page does not exist)">cn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cp (page does not exist)">cp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3cq" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3cq">cq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cr (page does not exist)">cr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cs (page does not exist)">cs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3ct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3ct (page does not exist)">ct</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cu (page does not exist)">cu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3cv" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3cv">cv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cw (page does not exist)">cw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cx (page does not exist)">cx</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cy (page does not exist)">cy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3cz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3cz (page does not exist)">cz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3da (page does not exist)">da</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3db&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3db (page does not exist)">db</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.3dd" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3dd">dd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3de&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3de (page does not exist)">de</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=802.3df&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="802.3df (page does not exist)">df</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11" title="IEEE 802.11">802.11</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11-1997" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.11-1997">-1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11_(legacy_mode)" title="IEEE 802.11 (legacy mode)">legacy mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11a-1999" title="IEEE 802.11a-1999">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11b-1999" title="IEEE 802.11b-1999">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11c" title="IEEE 802.11c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11d-2001" title="IEEE 802.11d-2001">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11e-2005" title="IEEE 802.11e-2005">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Access_Point_Protocol" title="Inter-Access Point Protocol">f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11g-2003" title="IEEE 802.11g-2003">g</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11h-2003" title="IEEE 802.11h-2003">h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11i-2004" title="IEEE 802.11i-2004">i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11j-2004" title="IEEE 802.11j-2004">j</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11k-2008" title="IEEE 802.11k-2008">k</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11n-2009" title="IEEE 802.11n-2009">n</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Wi-Fi 4">Wi-Fi 4</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11p" title="IEEE 802.11p">p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11r-2008" title="IEEE 802.11r-2008">r</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11s" title="IEEE 802.11s">s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11u" title="IEEE 802.11u">u</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11v" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.11v">v</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11w-2009" title="IEEE 802.11w-2009">w</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11y-2008" title="IEEE 802.11y-2008">y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11z" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.11z">z</a></li> <li>aa</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11ac" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.11ac">ac</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Wi-Fi 5">Wi-Fi 5</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11ad" title="IEEE 802.11ad">ad</a> (<a href="/wiki/WiGig" title="WiGig">WiGig</a>)</li> <li>ae</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11af" title="IEEE 802.11af">af</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11ah" title="IEEE 802.11ah">ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11ai" title="IEEE 802.11ai">ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11aj" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.11aj">aj</a></li> <li>ak</li> <li>aq</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11ax" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.11ax">ax</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi_6" title="Wi-Fi 6">Wi-Fi 6</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11ay" title="IEEE 802.11ay">ay</a></li> <li>az</li> <li>ba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11bb" title="IEEE 802.11bb">bb</a></li> <li>bc</li> <li>bd</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11be" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.11be">be</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi_7" title="Wi-Fi 7">Wi-Fi 7</a>)</li> <li>bf</li> <li>bh</li> <li>bi</li> <li>bk</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11bn" title="IEEE 802.11bn">bn</a></b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wi-Fi_8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wi-Fi 8 (page does not exist)">Wi-Fi 8</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15" title="IEEE 802.15">802.15</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15.1" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.15.1">.1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15.2" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.15.2">.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15.3" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.15.3">.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15.4" title="IEEE 802.15.4">.4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zigbee" title="Zigbee">Zigbee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15.4a" title="IEEE 802.15.4a">.4a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_802.15.4b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE 802.15.4b (page does not exist)">.4b</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_802.15.4c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE 802.15.4c (page does not exist)">.4c</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_802.15.4d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE 802.15.4d (page does not exist)">.4d</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_802.15.4e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE 802.15.4e (page does not exist)">.4e</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_802.15.4f&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE 802.15.4f (page does not exist)">.4f</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_802.15.4g&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE 802.15.4g (page does not exist)">.4g</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_802.15.4z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE 802.15.4z (page does not exist)">.4z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15.5" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.15.5">.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15.6" title="IEEE 802.15.6">.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.15.7" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.15.7">.7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_P1363" title="IEEE P1363">P1363</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_P1619" title="IEEE P1619">P1619</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta-lang" title="Rosetta-lang">P1699</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Power_Adapter_for_Mobile_Devices" title="Universal Power Adapter for Mobile Devices">P1823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_P1906.1" title="IEEE P1906.1">P1906.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superseded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_754-1985" title="IEEE 754-1985">754-1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_requirements_specification" title="Software requirements specification">830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1219" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 1219">1219</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_requirements_specification" title="Software requirements specification">1233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept_of_operations" title="Concept of operations">1362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verilog" title="Verilog">1364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1471" title="IEEE 1471">1471</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><i>See also</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Standards_Association" title="IEEE Standards Association">IEEE Standards Association</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:IEEE_standards" title="Category:IEEE standards">Category:IEEE standards</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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