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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Videnskab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Videnskab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacifisme_og_livssyn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacifisme_og_livssyn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pacifisme og livssyn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacifisme_og_livssyn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efterkrigstid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efterkrigstid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Efterkrigstid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efterkrigstid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flystyrtet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flystyrtet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flystyrtet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flystyrtet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kilder_og_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kilder_og_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kilder og henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kilder_og_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Udvalgt_bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Udvalgt_bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Udvalgt bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Udvalgt_bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eksterne links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eksterne_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Eksterne links</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Audio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Audio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Andet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bertrand Russell</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 124 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-124" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">124 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5_%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8D" title="በርትራንድ ረስል – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="በርትራንድ ረስል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="بيرتراند راسل – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرتراند راسل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="بيرطراند راسل – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بيرطراند راسل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="برتراند راسل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برتراند راسل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="বাৰ্ট্ৰেণ্ড ৰাছেল – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাৰ্ট্ৰেণ্ড ৰাছেল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertran_Rassel" title="Bertran Rassel – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bertran Rassel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="برتراند راسل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برتراند راسل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Бертран Артур Уільям Расел – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бертран Артур Уільям Расел" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Бэртран Расэл – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэртран Расэл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Бъртранд Ръсел – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бъртранд Ръсел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="বারট্রান্ড রাসেল – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বারট্রান্ড রাসেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%95%DB%95%D8%B3%DA%B5" title="بێرتراند ڕەسڵ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بێرتراند ڕەسڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A1%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Μπέρτραντ Ράσελ – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπέρτραντ Ράσελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="برتراند راسل – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برتراند راسل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russelli_Bertrand" title="Russelli Bertrand – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Russelli Bertrand" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – færøsk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – skotsk gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2" title="બર્ટ્રાન્ડ રસેલ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બર્ટ્રાન્ડ રસેલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – hakka-kinesisk" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C" title="ברטראנד ראסל – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברטראנד ראסל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2" title="बर्ट्रैंड रसल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बर्ट्रैंड रसल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Բերտրան Ռասել – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բերտրան Ռասել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB" title="バートランド・ラッセル – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バートランド・ラッセル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ბერტრან რასელი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბერტრან რასელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.Russel" title="B.Russel – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="B.Russel" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Бертран Рассел – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бертран Рассел" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬರ್ಟ್ರಾಂಡ್ ರಸಲ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬರ್ಟ್ರಾಂಡ್ ರಸಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B0%EB%93%9C_%EB%9F%AC%EC%85%80" title="버트런드 러셀 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버트런드 러셀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Бертран Рассел – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бертран Рассел" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrandus_Russell" title="Bertrandus Russell – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bertrandus Russell" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – luxembourgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%93rtrands_Rasels" title="Bērtrands Rasels – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bērtrands Rasels" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Бертранд Расел – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бертранд Расел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD" title="ബെർട്രാൻഡ് റസ്സൽ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബെർട്രാൻഡ് റസ്സൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Бертран Рассел – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бертран Рассел" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="बर्ट्रांड रसेल – marathisk" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बर्ट्रांड रसेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="ဘာထရန် ရပ်ဆဲလ် – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘာထရန် ရပ်ဆဲလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="برتراند راسل – mazenisk" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="برتراند راسل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazenisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – plattysk (Holland)" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="plattysk (Holland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="बर्टेन्ड रसेल – nepalesisk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बर्टेन्ड रसेल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2" title="ਬਰਟਰੈਂਡ ਰਸਲ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਰਟਰੈਂਡ ਰਸਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84" title="برٹرینڈ رسل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برٹرینڈ رسل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%BC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%89_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="برټرانډ راسل – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="برټرانډ راسل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рассел, Бертран – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рассел, Бертран" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Бертранд Расел – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бертранд Расел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பெர்ட்ரண்டு ரசல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெர்ட்ரண்டு ரசல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="బెర్ట్రాండ్ రస్సెల్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బెర్ట్రాండ్ రస్సెల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="เบอร์ทรันด์ รัสเซลล์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบอร์ทรันด์ รัสเซลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Бертран Рассел – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бертран Рассел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Бертран Расселл – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бертран Расселл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84" title="برٹرینڈ رسل – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برٹرینڈ رسل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%B4%A0" title="伯特兰·罗素 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伯特兰·罗素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ბერტრან რასელი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბერტრან რასელი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%B4%A0" title="伯特兰·罗素 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伯特兰·罗素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%A0%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="羅素伯爵三世 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="羅素伯爵三世" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bertrand Russell" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%A0" title="伯特蘭·羅素 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伯特蘭·羅素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33760#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11833479">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background: #ecf4fc; padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; font-size:140%; line-height: 130%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen" title="Nobelprisen"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Bertrand Russell<br /><span style="font-size:77%; font-weight:normal;">Samtidsfilosofi</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bertrand_Russell_transparent_bg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bertrand_Russell_transparent_bg.png/202px-Bertrand_Russell_transparent_bg.png" decoding="async" width="202" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bertrand_Russell_transparent_bg.png/304px-Bertrand_Russell_transparent_bg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bertrand_Russell_transparent_bg.png/405px-Bertrand_Russell_transparent_bg.png 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1859" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bertrand Russell i <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ecf4fc;">Personlig information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Født</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Bertrand Arthur William Russell <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P1477" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/18._maj" title="18. maj">18. maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1872-05-18</span>)</span><br />Bertrand Arthur William Russell, den 3. <a href="/wiki/Jarl_Russell" title="Jarl Russell">jarl Russell</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trellech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trellech (ikke skrevet endnu)">Trellech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire" title="Monmouthshire">Monmouthshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Død</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/2._februar" title="2. februar">2. februar</a> <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> (97 år)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penrhyndeudraeth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penrhyndeudraeth (ikke skrevet endnu)">Penrhyndeudraeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Dødsårsag</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">Influenza</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P509" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Nationalitet</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Storbritannien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P69" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Elev af</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">George Stout <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P1066" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Medlem af</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a><small> (fra 1908)</small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P463" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Forskningsområde</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Metafysik" title="Metafysik">Metafysik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erkendelsesteori" title="Erkendelsesteori">Erkendelsesteori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logik" title="Logik">Logik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik">Matematik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sprogfilosofi" title="Sprogfilosofi">Sprogfilosofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Videnskabsfilosofi" title="Videnskabsfilosofi">Videnskabsfilosofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etik" title="Etik">Etik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religionsfilosofi" title="Religionsfilosofi">Religionsfilosofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofiens_historie" title="Filosofiens historie">Filosofiens historie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Arbejdsgiver</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard Universitet</a><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a><small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P108" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Arbejdssted</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a><small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P937" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Elever</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Philip Jourdain <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P802" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Kendt for</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_filosofi" title="Analytisk filosofi">Analytisk filosofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russells_paradoks" title="Russells paradoks">Russells paradoks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russells_tepotte" title="Russells tepotte">Russells tepotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russell-Einstein-manifestet" title="Russell-Einstein-manifestet">Russell-Einstein-manifestet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Kendte værker</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Vestens filosofi<small></small>, Wisdow of the West<sup id="cite_ref-sprog_enQ16128222_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sprog_enQ16128222-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Principia_Mathematica" title="Principia Mathematica">Principia Mathematica</a><small></small>, Bertrand Russells autobiografi<small></small>, Proposed Roads to Freedom<small></small> med flere <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P800" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Påvirket af</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibniz">Leibniz</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wittgenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinoza">Spinoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Whitehead</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Har påvirket</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/A._J._Ayer" class="mw-redirect" title="A. J. Ayer">Ayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Carnap" title="Rudolf Carnap">Carnap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Gödel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saul_Kripke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saul Kripke (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kripke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Tarski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Tarski (ikke skrevet endnu)">Tarski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Turing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ellis" title="Albert Ellis">Albert Ellis</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ecf4fc;">Nomineringer og priser</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Udmærkelser</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Fortjenstordenen_(Commonwealth_of_Nations)" title="Fortjenstordenen (Commonwealth of Nations)">Fortjenstordenen</a> (1949)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_litteratur" title="Nobelprisen i litteratur">Nobelprisen i litteratur</a> (1950)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Fængslet i</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">HM Prison Brixton <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P2632" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ecf4fc;">Signatur</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bertrand_Russell_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bertrand_Russell_signature.svg/170px-Bertrand_Russell_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bertrand_Russell_signature.svg/255px-Bertrand_Russell_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bertrand_Russell_signature.svg/340px-Bertrand_Russell_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em"><small><small>Information med symbolet <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="Billede af blyant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/12px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/16px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> hentes fra <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="d:">Wikidata</a>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Kildehenvisninger foreligger sammesteds.</span></small></small><br /><div style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760" title="d:Q33760"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> <small>[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760" class="extiw" title="d:Q33760"> redigér på Wikidata</a> ] <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bertrand Arthur William Russell</b>, den 3. <a href="/wiki/Jarl_Russell" title="Jarl Russell">jarl Russell</a> (født <a href="/wiki/18._maj" title="18. maj">18. maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>, død <a href="/wiki/2._februar" title="2. februar">2. februar</a> <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>), var en <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">walisisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Matematiker" title="Matematiker">matematiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosof" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosof">filosof</a> og <a href="/wiki/Logik" title="Logik">logiker</a>. Han modtog i <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_litteratur" title="Nobelprisen i litteratur">Nobelprisen i litteratur</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Videnskab">Videnskab</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Videnskab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Videnskab"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell, <a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Frege" title="Gottlob Frege">Frege</a> og <a href="/wiki/Wittgenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a> regnes som ophavsmændene til <a href="/wiki/Analytisk_filosofi" title="Analytisk filosofi">analytisk filosofi</a>. I <i><a href="/wiki/Principia_Mathematica" title="Principia Mathematica">Principia Mathematica</a></i>, som han skrev sammen med <a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Alfred North Whitehead</a>, forsøgte han at lægge logikken som grundlag for matematikken. <a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">Essayet</a> <i>On Denoting</i> er blevet kaldt et filosofiens <a href="/wiki/Paradigme" title="Paradigme">paradigme</a>. Begge værker har haft stor indflydelse på <a href="/wiki/Logik" title="Logik">logik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik">matematik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingvistik" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingvistik">lingvistik</a> og analytisk <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofi</a>. </p><p>Han var ophavsmand til <a href="/wiki/Russells_paradoks" title="Russells paradoks">Russells paradoks</a> i <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A6ngdel%C3%A6re" title="Mængdelære">mængdelæren</a> om mængden af mængder, der ikke er elementer i sig selv. Russell var en hovedinitiativtager til <a href="/wiki/Russell-Einstein-manifestet" title="Russell-Einstein-manifestet">Russell-Einstein-manifestet</a>, som blev offentliggjort ved en pressekonference d. <a href="/wiki/9._juli" title="9. juli">9. juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pacifisme_og_livssyn">Pacifisme og livssyn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Pacifisme og livssyn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Pacifisme og livssyn"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell-familien har i lang tid været aktiv i britisk politik. Russells farfar, <a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1._jarl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1. jarl Russell">lord John Russell</a>, var to gange statsminister og præsenterede <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reform_Act_1832&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reform Act 1832 (ikke skrevet endnu)">The Reform Bill</a></i> i <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>, lovkomplekset, der åbnede for en bredere <a href="/wiki/Stemmeret" class="mw-redirect" title="Stemmeret">stemmeret</a> i England. John Russells bror <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Russell,_2._jarl_Russell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Russell, 2. jarl Russell (ikke skrevet endnu)">Francis, den 2. jarl Russell</a>, var <a href="/wiki/Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour">Labours</a> leder i <a href="/wiki/Overhuset" title="Overhuset">Overhuset</a> og statssekretær i <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonalds</a> regering. Bertrand Russells søn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Russell,_5._jarl_Russell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conrad Russell, 5. jarl Russell (ikke skrevet endnu)">Conrad, den 5. jarl Russell</a>, var <a href="/wiki/Liberaldemokraterne" title="Liberaldemokraterne">liberaldemokraternes</a> talsmand i bl.a. indenrigspolitik. <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a> var en ven af familien og <a href="/wiki/Mentor" title="Mentor">mentor</a> for Bertrand Russell, som selv stillede op til valg til <a href="/wiki/Underhuset" title="Underhuset">Underhuset</a>, men ikke blev valgt. Russell var desuden en markant antikrigs-aktivist, tilhænger af <a href="/wiki/Frihandel" title="Frihandel">frihandel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperialisme" title="Imperialisme">anti-imperialist</a> og modstander af <a href="/wiki/Atomv%C3%A5ben" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomvåben">atomvåben</a>. Hans pacifistiske <a href="/wiki/Pamflet" title="Pamflet">pamfletter</a> mod <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6rnepligt" title="Værnepligt">værnepligt</a> under <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_verdenskrig" class="mw-redirect" title="Første verdenskrig">første verdenskrig</a> kostede ham først en <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8de" title="Bøde">bøde</a>; så et <a href="/wiki/Stipendium" title="Stipendium">stipendium</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>; så hans <a href="/wiki/Pas_(legitimation)" title="Pas (legitimation)">pas</a>, og til sidst seks måneders fængsel. Alligevel støttede Russell væbnet kamp mod <a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">nazismen</a> under <a href="/wiki/Anden_verdenskrig" class="mw-redirect" title="Anden verdenskrig">anden verdenskrig</a>. "<i>...tre lidenskaber – længslen efter kærlighed, tørsten efter kundskab og en uudholdelig medfølelse med en lidende menneskehed – har som hæftige vinde blæst mig frem og tilbage på en ustadig kurs over dybe oceaner af rædsel, på grænsen til fortvivlelse,</i>" sagde han selv om sin nagende frygt for dybden i sine følelser og for at gå fra forstanden. Imidlertid magtede han at bruge sin voksende skepsis og forlod sin tro til bedste for samfundet. Sådan blev Russell en af <a href="/wiki/1900-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1900-tallet">1900-tallets</a> mest indflydelsesrige <a href="/wiki/Intellektuel" title="Intellektuel">intellektuelle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Russell1907-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Russell1907-2.jpg/220px-Russell1907-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Russell1907-2.jpg/330px-Russell1907-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Russell1907-2.jpg/440px-Russell1907-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption>Russell i <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>I november <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> kun få måneder efter <a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Somme" title="Slaget ved Somme">slaget ved Somme</a>, udgav han <i>Principles of Social Reconstruction</i>, hvori han leder efter en <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologisk</a> forklaring på den massive aggression bag første verdenskrig. Han skelner mellem destruktive impulser, som gør ejendom og erobring til en besættelse, og skabende impulser inden for uddannelse, kunst og familie, som bør være en rettesnor for politisk og økonomisk reform. Hans socialfilosofi er baseret på disse grundprincipper og hans politiske teori på de kræfter i menneskesindet, som frembringer <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6stek%C3%A6rlighed" title="Næstekærlighed">næstekærlighed</a> og dæmper aggression. Her kritiserer han også den rådende engelske liberalisme, som Russell mente, byggede på konkurrence og <a href="/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme">individualisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> fulgte han en <a href="/wiki/Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour">Labour</a>-delegation til <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> og mødte <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kreml" title="Kreml">Kreml</a>. Bagefter skrev han <i>The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism</i>, en nærmest <a href="/wiki/Profeti" title="Profeti">profetisk</a> analyse af det, der kom til at ske i Sovjetunionen under <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a>, ensretningen af kunst og videnskab, og <a href="/wiki/Den_store_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Den store terror">Den store terror</a>: «<i>Landet slog mig som et gigantisk fængsel, hvor fangevogterne var ... snæversynede magtdyrkere.</i>» Han forudså regimets vending mod autoritær <a href="/wiki/Nationalisme" title="Nationalisme">nationalisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Militarisme" title="Militarisme">militarisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureaukrati" title="Bureaukrati">bureaukratisering</a> og partifunktionærernes sejr over revolutionens idealister. Han mærkede sig, at Lenin blæste på demokratisk socialisme og tværtimod mente, at socialisme ikke kan indføres på anden måde end ved voldelig revolution. Russell gennemskuede Lenins brutalitet og blev nu ugleset både i højre og venstre; men da hans bog skulle genudgives i <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>, behøvede han ikke at ændre det mindste i den. Han var rejst til Sovjetunionen med åbent sind og i håb om at finde et samfund, der banede vej for en bedre fremtid for menneskeheden. I stedet blev han chokeret over styrets nyttetænkning og dets "<i>ligegyldighed overfor kærlighed, skønhedslængsel og impulsivitetens liv.</i>» Sovjetstaten fremstod som en nation af bønder, der blev tyranniseret af en lille gruppe byfolk. <a href="/wiki/Kapitalisme" title="Kapitalisme">Kapitalisme</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kommunisme" title="Kommunisme">kommunisme</a> ytrede det samme ønske om <a href="/wiki/Industrialisering" title="Industrialisering">industrialisering</a> for enhver pris. <a href="/wiki/Bolsjevik" title="Bolsjevik">Bolsjevikkernes</a> mål var at gøre den russiske bonde til en industriarbejder og lig en <i>yankee</i> så hurtigt som muligt, mente Russell. I Rusland traf han <a href="/wiki/Maksim_Gorkij" title="Maksim Gorkij">Maksim Gorkij</a>, som bad ham om at fortælle verden om det russiske folks lidelser. <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> hørte hans <a href="/wiki/Appel" title="Appel">appel</a>, som inspirerede ham og <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> til at starte Nansenhjælpen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efterkrigstid">Efterkrigstid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Efterkrigstid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Efterkrigstid"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Han var gift fire gange og skrev mere end 70 bøger. I <a href="/wiki/1950%27erne" title="1950'erne">1950'erne</a> kom han ofte på <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> iført sit sorte jakkesæt med urkæde, mens han holdt taler mod atomoprustning. I <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> var han en af medstifterne i <a href="/wiki/Kampagnen_mod_Atomv%C3%A5ben" title="Kampagnen mod Atomvåben">Kampagnen mod Atomvåben</a> og blev for anden gang sat i fængsel i <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> for <a href="/wiki/Civil_ulydighed" title="Civil ulydighed">civil ulydighed</a>. Pga. høj alder fik han de to måneder ændret til syv dage. I <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a> stod han i spidsen for Russell-tribunalet, som kritiserede <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USAs</a> aktiviteter i <a href="/wiki/Indokina" title="Indokina">Indokina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han var også <a href="/wiki/Religionskritik" title="Religionskritik">religionskritiker</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flystyrtet">Flystyrtet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Flystyrtet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Flystyrtet"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I oktober <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> overlevede han "<a href="/wiki/Bukken_Bruse-ulykken" title="Bukken Bruse-ulykken">Bukken Bruse-ulykken</a>" i <a href="/wiki/Trondheimsfjorden" title="Trondheimsfjorden">Trondheimsfjorden</a>, da han skulle til <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a> og holde et <a href="/wiki/Foredrag" title="Foredrag">foredrag</a> i Studentersamfundet. 19 omkom, men alle i rygesalonen overlevede, hvor Russell sad med sin pibe. Da han var kommet trygt frem til Trondheim og blev spurgt om sin reaktion, svarede han kun: "<i>Vandet var meget koldt.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I sin <a href="/wiki/Selvbiografi" title="Selvbiografi">selvbiografi</a> kommenterede han: "<i>En ven af mig i <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> skulle finde en plads til mig på flyet. Jeg fortalte ham, at han var nødt til at finde et sæde, hvor jeg kunne ryge, og for sjov sagde jeg: "Hvis jeg ikke må ryge, dør jeg." Det viste sig, helt uventet, at holde stik.</i>" </p><p>Den 74-årige Russel krøb ud af flyet gennem et vindue, der var sparket op, og svømmede hundrede meter hen til en <a href="/wiki/Redningsb%C3%A5d" title="Redningsbåd">redningsbåd</a>. Til <i><a href="/wiki/Adresseavisen" title="Adresseavisen">Adresseavisen</a></i> udtalte han dagen efter: "<i>Jeg sad helt bagest i rygekabinen, og selv om jeg mærkede et ryk, da vi kom ned, var jeg ikke klar over, hvad der foregik, før vi krængede over, og vandet fossede ind over gulvet.</i>" Russell tog det roligt og behøvede kun en stor <a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">cognac</a> og kaffe for at være restitueret. Samfundets støtter, som var mødt op i havnen for at modtage filosoffen, forstod, hvor vigtig hans pibe var for ham, og Russell beskriver i sin biografi, hvordan de "<i>ovenikøbet tørrede mine tændstikker, én efter én</i>". Han advarede i sit foredrag mod <a href="/wiki/Atomkrig" title="Atomkrig">atomkrig</a> og <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalins</a> besættelsesstyrker. Han tog tilbage til Oslo med tog.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilder_og_henvisninger">Kilder og henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Kilder og henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kilder og henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sprog_enQ16128222-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sprog_enQ16128222_1-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:gray; cursor:help;"><small>Navnet er anført på engelsk og stammer fra <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16128222" class="extiw" title="d:Q16128222">Wikidata</a> hvor navnet endnu ikke findes på dansk.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernt Hagtvet: <i>Ideologienes århundre</i> (s. 75-6) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernt Hagtvet: <i>Ideologienes århundre</i> (s. 77)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernt Hagtvet: <i>Ideologienes århundre</i> (s. 77-9)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernt Hagtvet: <i>Ideologienes århundre</i> (s. 76-9)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernt Hagtvet: <i>Ideologienes århundre</i> (s. 76)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080617171959/http://org.ntnu.no/ud/dusker/html/9613/russel.html">"UD#13/96: -Får jeg ikke røyke kommer jeg til å dø!"</a>. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://org.ntnu.no/ud/dusker/html/9613/russel.html">originalen</a> 17. juni 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 14. marts 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UD%2313%2F96%3A+-F%C3%A5r+jeg+ikke+r%C3%B8yke+kommer+jeg+til+%C3%A5+d%C3%B8%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forg.ntnu.no%2Fud%2Fdusker%2Fhtml%2F9613%2Frussel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ABertrand+Russell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bernt Hagtvet: <i>Ideologienes århundre</i>, forlaget Dreyer, (<a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>), <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-82-8265-004-5" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-82-8265-004-5">978-82-8265-004-5</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russel, Bertrand</a> (2000): <i>Vestens filosofi.</i> Rosinante, oversat af <a href="/wiki/Elsa_Gress" title="Elsa Gress">Elsa Gress</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Udvalgt_bibliografi">Udvalgt bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Udvalgt bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Udvalgt bibliografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En udvalgt bibliografi over Russells bøger på <a href="/wiki/Engelsk_(sprog)" title="Engelsk (sprog)">engelsk</a>, sorteret efter årstal for første offentliggørelse: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>: <i>German Social Democracy</i>. London: Longmans, Green.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/essayfoundations00russrich">An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry</a></i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>: <i>A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fair-use.org/bertrand-russell/the-principles-of-mathematics/">The Principles of Mathematics</a></i>, Cambridge University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=On_Denoting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On Denoting (ikke skrevet endnu)">On Denoting</a></i>, Mind, vol. 14. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0026-4423">0026-4423</a>. Basil Blackwell.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>: <i>Philosophical Essays</i>. London: Longmans, Green.</li> <li>1910–<a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=umhistmath;cc=umhistmath;view=toc;idno=AAT3201.0001.001"></a><a href="/wiki/Principia_Mathematica" title="Principia Mathematica">Principia Mathematica</a></i> (medforfatter <a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Alfred North Whitehead</a>). 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ditext.com/russell/russell.html"><i></i></a><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Problems_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Problems of Philosophy (ikke skrevet endnu)">The Problems of Philosophy</a></i>. London: Williams and Norgate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/ourknowledgeofth005200mbp"><i>Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy</i></a>. Chicago and London: Open Court Publishing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/cu31924032577532"><i>Principles of Social Reconstruction</i></a>. London, George Allen and Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>: <i>Why Men Fight</i>. New York: The Century Co.</li> <li>1916: <i>Justice in War-time</i>. Chicago: Open Court.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4776"><i>Political Ideals</i></a>. New York: The Century Co.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>: <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mysticism_and_Logic_and_Other_Essays"><i>Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li>1918: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/690"><i>Proposed Roads to Freedom: Socialism, Anarchism, and Syndicalism</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.umass.edu/klement/russell-imp.html"><i>Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin. (<a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-415-09604-9" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-415-09604-9">0-415-09604-9</a> for Routledge paperback) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/introductiontoma00russuoft"><i>Copy at Archive.org</i></a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/17350"><i>The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/2529"><i>The Analysis of Mind</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13940"><i>The Problem of China</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>: <i>The Prospects of Industrial Civilization</i>, in collaboration with Dora Russell. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li>1923: <i>The ABC of Atoms</i>, London: Kegan Paul. Trench, Trubner.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>: <i>Icarus; or, The Future of Science</i>. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>: <i>The ABC of Relativity</i>. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.</li> <li>1925: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=What_I_Believe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="What I Believe (ikke skrevet endnu)">What I Believe</a></i>. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>: <i>On Education, Especially in Early Childhood</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>: <i>The Analysis of Matter</i>. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.</li> <li>1927: <i>An Outline of Philosophy</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li>1927: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/russell0.htm"></a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Why_I_Am_Not_a_Christian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Why I Am Not a Christian (ikke skrevet endnu)">Why I Am Not a Christian</a></i>. London: Watts.</li> <li>1927: <i>Selected Papers of Bertrand Russell</i>. New York: Modern Library.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>: <i>Sceptical Essays</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_and_Morals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage and Morals (ikke skrevet endnu)">Marriage and Morals</a></i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>: <i>The Conquest of Happiness</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/scientificoutloo030217mbp">The Scientific Outlook</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061119081311/http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/russell0.htm">Arkiveret</a> 19. november 2006 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/EducationAndTheSocialOrder"><i>Education and the Social Order</i></a>, London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>: <i>Freedom and Organization, 1814–1914</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zpub.com/notes/idle.html"><i>In Praise of Idleness</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822071656/http://www.zpub.com/notes/idle.html">Arkiveret</a> 22. august 2019 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li>1935: <i>Religion and Science</i>. London: Thornton Butterworth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>: <i>Which Way to Peace?</i>. London: Jonathan Cape.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>: <i>The Amberley Papers: The Letters and Diaries of Lord and Lady Amberley</i>, with Patricia Russell, 2 vols., London: Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power:_A_New_Social_Analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Power: A New Social Analysis (ikke skrevet endnu)">Power: A New Social Analysis</a></i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>: <i>An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth</i>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/westernphilosoph035502mbp"><i></i></a><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_History_of_Western_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A History of Western Philosophy (ikke skrevet endnu)">A History of Western Philosophy and Its Connection with Political and Social Circumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present Day</a></i>. New York: Simon and Schuster.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>: <i>Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/AuthorityAndTheIndividual"><i>Authority and the Individual</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/unpopularessays027477mbp"><i>Unpopular Essays</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>: <i>New Hopes for a Changing World</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>: <i>The Impact of Science on Society</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>: <i>Satan in the Suburbs and Other Stories</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>: <i>Human Society in Ethics and Politics</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/nightmaresofemin032011mbp"><i>Nightmares of Eminent Persons and Other Stories</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/portraitsfrommem013629mbp"><i>Portraits from Memory and Other Essays</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li>1956: <i>Logic and Knowledge: Essays 1901–1950</i>, edited by Robert C. Marsh. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>: <i>Why I Am Not A Christian and Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects</i>, edited by Paul Edwards. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>: <i>Understanding History and Other Essays</i>. New York: Philosophical Library.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/commonsenseandnu009377mbp"><i>Common Sense and Nuclear Warfare</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li>1959: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/myphilosophicald001521mbp"></a><a href="/w/index.php?title=My_Philosophical_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="My Philosophical Development (ikke skrevet endnu)">My Philosophical Development</a></i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li>1959: <i>Wisdom of the West</i>, edited by Paul Foulkes. London: Macdonald.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>: <i>Bertrand Russell Speaks His Mind</i>, Cleveland and New York: World Publishing Company.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>: <i>The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell</i>, edited by R.E. Egner and L.E. Denonn. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li>1961: <i>Fact and Fiction</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li>1961: <i>Has Man a Future?</i>, London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>: <i>Essays in Skepticism</i>. New York: Philosophical Library.</li> <li>1963: <i>Unarmed Victory</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>: <i>Legitimacy Versus Industrialism, 1814-1848</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin (first published as Parts I and II of <i>Freedom and Organization, 1814–1914</i>, 1934).</li> <li>1965: <i>On the Philosophy of Science</i>, edited by Charles A. Fritz, Jr. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>: <i>The A B C of relativity</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>: <i>Russell's Peace Appeals</i>, edited by Tsutomu Makino and Kazuteru Hitaka. Japan: Eichosha's New Current Books.</li> <li>1967: <i>War Crimes in Vietnam</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</li> <li>1951–<a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/autobiographyofb017701mbp"><i>The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell</i></a>, 3 vols.. London: George Allen & Unwin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/autobiographyofb017701mbp">Vol 2 1956</a></li> <li>1969: <i>Dear Bertrand Russell... A Selection of his Correspondence with the General Public 1950–1968</i>, edited by Barry Feinberg and Ronald Kasrils. London: George Allen and Unwin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_links">Eksterne links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne links"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="" style="width: 35%; float: right; margin: 0 auto; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #660066;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"> <tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"><span class="metadata"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></span></td><td style="width:100%"><b>Søsterprojekter med yderligere information:</b><br /><div style="font-size:85%;line-height:135%;"><ul style="list-style:none"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bertrand_Russell" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Bertrand Russell">Kategorien "Bertrand Russell"</a> på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/50px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://da.wikiquote.org/wiki/en:Bertrand_Russell" class="extiw" title="q:en:Bertrand Russell">Citater</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/25px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/50px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://da.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Bertrand_Russell" class="extiw" title="s:en:Author:Bertrand Russell">Kildetekster</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/r#a355">Værker af Bertrand Russell</a> på <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL112912A/Bertrand_Russell">Værker af Bertrand Russell</a> på <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> i <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/russell1.htm">"A Free Man's Worship"</a> (1903)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fair-use.org/bertrand-russell/the-elements-of-ethics">"The Elements of Ethics"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070320025741/http://fair-use.org/bertrand-russell/the-elements-of-ethics">Arkiveret</a> 20. marts 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1910)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fair-use.org/atlantic-monthly/1915/08/war-and-non-resistance">War and Non-Resistance</a> (1915)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fair-use.org/international-journal-of-ethics/1915/10/the-war-and-non-resistance">The War and Non-Resistance — A Rejoinder to Professor Perry</a> (1915)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fair-use.org/international-journal-of-ethics/1915/01/the-ethics-of-war">The Ethics of War</a> (1915)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/justiceinwartime00russuoft"><i>Justice in Wartime</i></a> (1917)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/whymenfightameth00russuoft"><i>Why Men Fight: A Method of Abolishing the International Duel</i></a> (1917)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russell-j.com/beginner/COH-TEXT.HTM">"The Conquest of Happiness"</a>(1930)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/russell2.htm">"Has Religion Made Useful Contributions to Civilization?"</a> 1930</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/LegitimacyVersusIndustrialism18141848"><i>Legitimacy Versus Industrialism 1814–1848</i></a> (1935)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/russell8.htm">"Am I an Atheist or an Agnostic?"</a> (1947)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panarchy.org/russell/ideas.1946.html">"Ideas that Have Harmed Mankind"</a> (1950)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1950/russell-lecture.html">"What Desires Are Politically Important?"</a> Bertrand Russells Nobelpris takketale (1950)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/outlineofphiloso009050mbp"><i>An Outline of Philosophy</i></a> (1951)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfpf.org.uk/articles/religion/br/br_god.html"><i>Is There a God?</i></a> (1952)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1953" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Bertrand (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.control-z.com/pages/agnosticism.html">"What is an Agnostic?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080203104023/http://www.control-z.com/pages/agnosticism.html">Arkiveret</a> fra originalen 3. februar 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 12. august 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+an+Agnostic%3F&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Bertrand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.control-z.com%2Fpages%2Fagnosticism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ABertrand+Russell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/scientificoutloo030217mbp"><i>The Scientific Outlook</i></a> (1954)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://karws.gso.uri.edu/JFK/the_critics/russell/Sixteen_questions_Russell.html">"16 Questions on the Assassination" (af præsident Kennedy)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081026083031/http://karws.gso.uri.edu/JFK/the_critics/russell/Sixteen_questions_Russell.html">Arkiveret</a> 26. oktober 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1964)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio">Audio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Audio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Audio"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://librivox.org/newcatalog/search.php?title=&author=bertrand+russell&status=all&action=Search">Værker af Bertrand Russell i lydformat</a> fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=LibriVox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LibriVox (ikke skrevet endnu)">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell/russell-soundclips.html">Lydklip af tale af Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pw20c.mcmaster.ca/case-study/remember-your-humanity-and-forget-rest-russell-einstein-manifesto-and-pugwash-movement">Russells BBC broadcast om "Man's Peril" (1954) og "Russell–Einstein Manifesto" pressekonferencen (1955)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130328000343/http://pw20c.mcmaster.ca/case-study/remember-your-humanity-and-forget-rest-russell-einstein-manifesto-and-pugwash-movement">Arkiveret</a> 28. marts 2013 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpfahistory.info/dandl/bertrand_russell.html">"What Desires Are Politically Important?"</a> Bertrand Russells Nobelpris takketale (1950)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andet">Andet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: Andet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Russell&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Andet"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bZv3pSaLtY">Bertrand Russell - Face to Face Interview (BBC, 1959) 28:51 min</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-56054">Værker af eller om Bertrand Russell</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131218054407/http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-56054">Arkiveret</a> 18. december 2013 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> på biblioteker (<a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> katalog)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pembroke-lodge.co.uk/">Pembroke Lodge — barndomshjem og museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lehman.edu/deanhum/philosophy/BRSQ/">The Bertrand Russell Society Quarterly</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027160442/http://www.lehman.edu/deanhum/philosophy/BRSQ/">Arkiveret</a> 27. oktober 2016 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russfound.org/">The Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="wd_p345"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm0751017">Bertrand Russell</a> på <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span><span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.5em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P345"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rediger på wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </a></span></span></li> <li><span class="wd_p4985"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1249714">Bertrand Russell</a> på The Movie Database <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span><span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.5em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P4985"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rediger på wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </a></span></span></li> <li><span class="wd_p1417"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bertrand%2DRussell">Bertrand Russell</a> på <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> Online <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span><span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.5em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33760#P1417"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rediger på wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russell-j.com/index-e.htm">Bertrand Russell i Japan</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_J._O%27Connor_(matematiker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John J. O'Connor (matematiker) (ikke skrevet endnu)">O'Connor, John J.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_F._Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund F. Robertson (ikke skrevet endnu)">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Russell.html">Bertrand Russell</a>". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (ikke skrevet endnu)">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?search=ss&sText=bertrand+russell&LinkID=mp03901&role=sit&page=1">Fotografier</a> fra <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Portrait Gallery (London)">National Portrait Gallery</a> (London)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell/">Bertrand Russell på Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcmaster.ca/russdocs/russell.htm">The Bertrand Russell Archives</a> på <a href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McMaster University (ikke skrevet endnu)">McMaster University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.synaptic.bc.ca/ejournal/russell.htm">Resource liste</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/reith/historic_audio/ram/russell_1948.ram">The First Reith Lecture givet af Russell</a> (Audio)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1950/russell-bio.html">Nobelprisen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/biography/bertrandrussell">Bertrand Russell på 100 Welsh Heroes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121075948/http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/biography/bertrandrussell">Arkiveret</a> 21. januar 2013 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/coll/pauling/peace/people/russell.html">Key Participants: Bertrand Russell</a> — <i>Linus Pauling and the International Peace Movement: A Documentary History</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bertrandrussell.org/">Bertrand Russell Society Bulletin (2011–nu) (Kris Notaro og David Blitz)</a></li></ul> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Sonningprisen (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Modtagere_af_Sonningprisen" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Modtagere af Sonningprisen"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modtagere_af_Sonningprisen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sonningprisen" title="Sonningprisen">Modtagere af Sonningprisen</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alvar_Aalto" title="Alvar Aalto">Alvar Aalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Dominique Pire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nikolaus_Eijiro_Coudenhove-Kalergi" title="Richard Nikolaus Eijiro Coudenhove-Kalergi">Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>: <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Visser_%27t_Hooft" title="Willem Visser 't Hooft">W.A. Visser´t Hooft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Arthur Koestler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Max_Tau" title="Max Tau">Max Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Dolci" title="Danilo Dolci">Danilo Dolci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arne_N%C3%A6ss" title="Arne Næss">Arne Næss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gmeiner" title="Hermann Gmeiner">Herman Gmeiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Heinesen" title="William Heinesen">William Heinesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieślowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzon" title="Jørn Utzon">Jørn Utzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Barba" title="Eugenio Barba">Eugenio Barba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mona_Hatoum" title="Mona Hatoum">Mona Hatoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gnes_Heller" title="Ágnes Heller">Ágnes Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano">Renzo Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger" title="Hans Magnus Enzensberger">Hans Magnus Enzensberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Haneke" title="Michael Haneke">Michael Haneke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Aleksijevitj" title="Svetlana Aleksijevitj">Svetlana Aleksijevitj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović">Marina Abramović</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Johan_Sonning" title="Carl Johan Sonning">Carl Johan Sonning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonning-Fonden" title="Sonning-Fonden">Sonning-Fonden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobelprismodtagere_i_litteratur" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_litteratur" title="Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere i litteratur"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:Nobelprismodtagere_i_litteratur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:Nobelprismodtagere i litteratur (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_litteratur" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere i litteratur"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobelprismodtagere_i_litteratur" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_litteratur" title="Nobelprisen i litteratur">Nobelprismodtagere i litteratur</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>–<a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">José Echegaray</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Eucken</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Heyse" title="Paul von Heyse">Paul Heyse</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> (1913) <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a> (1915) <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a> (1916) <a href="/wiki/Karl_Gjellerup" title="Karl Gjellerup">Karl Gjellerup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" title="William Butler Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>–<a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T.S._Eliot" title="T.S. Eliot">T.S. Eliot</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1949)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bertrand Russell</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>–<a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (afviste prisen)</i> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sjolokhov" title="Mikhail Sjolokhov">Mikhail Sjolokhov</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Josef_Agnon" title="Samuel Josef Agnon">Samuel Josef Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawabata_Yasunari" title="Kawabata Yasunari">Kawabata Yasunari</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solsjenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solsjenitsyn">Aleksandr Solsjenitsyn</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>–<a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Jaroslav Seifert</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Naguib Mahfouz</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenzaburo_Oe" title="Kenzaburo Oe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fra <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V.S._Naipaul" title="V.S. Naipaul">V.S. Naipaul</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.M._Coetzee" title="J.M. Coetzee">J.M. Coetzee</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Gustave_Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio">J-M. G. Le Clézio</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Aleksijevitj" title="Svetlana Aleksijevitj">Svetlana Aleksijevitj</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Annie Ernaux</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Jon Fosse</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han Kang</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritetsdata" title="Autoritetsdata">Autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/36924137">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36924137">36924137</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79056054">n79056054</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000121006514">0000 0001 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