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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/280","20131215151957","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1387120797"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>Rail integrated communities in Tokyo | Calimente | Journal of Transport and Land Use</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta name="description" content="Rail integrated communities in Tokyo"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Tokyo, Urban Rail, Transit-Oriented Development, TOD, Private Railways, Tokyu, Rail Integrated Commmunities, RIC"/> <link rel="icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151957im_/https://www.jtlu.org/public/journals/3/journalFavicon_en_US.png" type="image/png"/> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"/> <meta name="DC.Contributor.Sponsor" xml:lang="en" content=""/> <meta name="DC.Coverage" xml:lang="en" content="TOD Indicators"/> <meta name="DC.Coverage.spatial" xml:lang="en" content="Japan"/> <meta name="DC.Coverage.temporal" xml:lang="en" content="20th Century"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="John Calimente"/> <meta name="DC.Date.available" scheme="ISO8601" content="2012-04-26"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2012-04-16"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2011-01-01"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2012-04-26"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2012-04-26"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Tokyo鈥檚 railway station areas are models of transit-oriented design. To differentiate them from transit-oriented developments (TOD), the term rail integrated community (RIC) has been created to describe these high density, safe, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly developments around railway stations that act as community hubs, served by frequent, all-day, rail rapid transit and are accessed primarily on foot, by bicycle, or by public transit. Japanese private railways have been instrumental in creating these RICs. Though they receive little financial support from the government, private railways in Japan achieve profitability by diversifying into real estate, retail, and numerous other businesses. Tokyu Corporation is used as the case study to exemplify how government policy and socioeconomic context contributed to the successful private railway model. Ten indicators, such as ridership, population density and mode share are used to analyze two stations created by Tokyu to demonstrate how this model is manifested in Tokyu鈥檚 rail integrated communities."/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="280"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="19-32"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.5198/jtlu.v5i1.280"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/280"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="All contents licensed under Creative Commons Attribution&mdash;Noncommercial License 3.0."/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Journal of Transport and Land Use"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="1938-7849"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="1"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="5"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Tokyo, Urban Rail, Transit-Oriented Development, TOD, Private Railways, Tokyu, Rail Integrated Commmunities, RIC"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Rail integrated communities in Tokyo"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Articles"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Transport and Land Use"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1938-7849"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="John Calimente"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Stantec"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Rail integrated communities in Tokyo"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2012/04/16"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="5"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="19-32"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.5198/jtlu.v5i1.280"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151957/https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/issue/view/12" target="_parent">Vol 5, No 1 (2012)</a> > <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151957/https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/280/0" class="current" target="_parent">Calimente</a> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="topBar"> </div> <div id="articleTitle"><h3>Rail integrated communities in Tokyo</h3></div> <div id="authorString"><em>John Calimente</em></div> <br/> <div id="articleAbstract"> <h4>Abstract</h4> <br/> <div>Tokyo鈥檚 railway station areas are models of transit-oriented design. To differentiate them from transit-oriented developments (TOD), the term rail integrated community (RIC) has been created to describe these high density, safe, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly developments around railway stations that act as community hubs, served by frequent, all-day, rail rapid transit and are accessed primarily on foot, by bicycle, or by public transit. Japanese private railways have been instrumental in creating these RICs. Though they receive little financial support from the government, private railways in Japan achieve profitability by diversifying into real estate, retail, and numerous other businesses. Tokyu Corporation is used as the case study to exemplify how government policy and socioeconomic context contributed to the successful private railway model. Ten indicators, such as ridership, population density and mode share are used to analyze two stations created by Tokyu to demonstrate how this model is manifested in Tokyu鈥檚 rail integrated communities.</div> <br/> </div> <div id="articleSubject"> <h4>Keywords</h4> <br/> <div>Tokyo, Urban Rail, Transit-Oriented Development, TOD, Private Railways, Tokyu, Rail Integrated Commmunities, RIC</div> <br/> </div> <div id="articleFullText"> <h4>Full Text:</h4> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151957/https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/280/201" class="file" target="_parent">PDF</a> </div> <br/> <br/> DOI: <a id="pub-id::doi" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151957/http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.v5i1.280">http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.v5i1.280</a> </div> </div> <br/><br/> <div id="footer"> <h6>The Journal is housed at the University of Minnesota and sponsored by the Center for Transportation Studies</h6> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151957/https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/about/contact">Contact JTLU</a> | ISSN: 1938-7849<br> All contents licensed under <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151957/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">Creative Commons by-nc 3.0</a>. © 2007-2013 Journal of Transport and Land Use</p> <p>The Journal of Transport and Land Use is indexed in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151957/http://www.doaj.org/">DOAJ</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151957/http://scholar.google.com/">Google Scholar</a>, and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151957/http://www.scopus.com/">Scopus</a>.</p> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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