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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Konverter+katalitik" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bacaan lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Konverter katalitik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 35 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="محول حفزي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محول حفزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Каталитичен преобразувател – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каталитичен преобразувател" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convertidor_catal%C3%ADtic" title="Convertidor catalític – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Convertidor catalític" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="بگۆڕی ھاندەرانە – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بگۆڕی ھاندەرانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalyz%C3%A1tor_v%C3%BDfukov%C3%BDch_plyn%C5%AF" title="Katalyzátor výfukových plynů – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katalyzátor výfukových plynů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalysator_(udst%C3%B8dningssystem)" title="Katalysator (udstødningssystem) – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Katalysator (udstødningssystem)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrzeugkatalysator" title="Fahrzeugkatalysator – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fahrzeugkatalysator" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Καταλυτικός μετατροπέας – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καταλυτικός μετατροπέας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Catalytic converter" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convertidor_catal%C3%ADtico" title="Convertidor catalítico – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Convertidor catalítico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="مبدل کاتالیست – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مبدل کاتالیست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot_catalytique" title="Pot catalytique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pot catalytique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiontaire_catala%C3%ADoch" title="Tiontaire catalaíoch – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tiontaire catalaíoch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="ממיר קטליטי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממיר קטליטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataliti%C4%8Dki_pretvornik" title="Katalitički pretvornik – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katalitički pretvornik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convertitore_catalitico" title="Convertitore catalitico – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Convertitore catalitico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83%E8%A7%A6%E5%AA%92" title="三元触媒 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="三元触媒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Каталитикалық конвертер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Каталитикалық конвертер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A0%A4_%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%EC%B4%89%EB%A7%A4%EC%9E%A5%EC%B9%98" title="디젤 산화 촉매장치 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디젤 산화 촉매장치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penukar_bermangkin" title="Penukar bermangkin – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penukar bermangkin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driewegkatalysator" title="Driewegkatalysator – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Driewegkatalysator" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktor_katalityczny" title="Reaktor katalityczny – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reaktor katalityczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversor_catal%C3%ADtico" title="Conversor catalítico – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conversor catalítico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Каталитический конвертер – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каталитический конвертер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="උත්ප්‍රේරක පරිවර්තනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උත්ප්‍රේරක පරිවර්තනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Catalytic converter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalyz%C3%A1tor_(auto)" title="Katalyzátor (auto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Katalyzátor (auto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtomobilski_katalizator" title="Avtomobilski katalizator – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avtomobilski katalizator" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konvertuesi_katalitik" title="Konvertuesi katalitik – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Konvertuesi katalitik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalytisk_avgasrening" title="Katalytisk avgasrening – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katalytisk avgasrening" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="เครื่องฟอกไอเสียเชิงเร่งปฏิกิริยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องฟอกไอเสียเชิงเร่งปฏิกิริยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalitik_konvert%C3%B6r" title="Katalitik konvertör – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Katalitik konvertör" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:DodgeCatCon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/DodgeCatCon.jpg/220px-DodgeCatCon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/DodgeCatCon.jpg/330px-DodgeCatCon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/DodgeCatCon.jpg/440px-DodgeCatCon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Konverter katalitik.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Konverter katalitik</b> adalah alat pengendali emisi buangan yang mengubah gas dan <a href="/wiki/Polutan" title="Polutan">polutan</a> beracun pada gas buangan menjadi polutan yang tidak terlalu beracun dengan mengkatalis <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_kimia" title="Reaksi kimia">reaksi</a> <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">redoks</a> (reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi). Konverter katalitik digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Mesin_pembakaran_internal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesin pembakaran internal">mesin pembakaran internal</a> berbahan bakar minyak atau <a href="/wiki/Diesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel">diesel</a>. </p><p>Konverter katalitik pertama kali diperkenalkan dan digunakan secara luas di pasar otomotif Amerika Serikat. Untuk mengikuti regulasi emisi buangan <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a></i> yang ketat, kendaraan berbahan bakar minyak dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahun_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahun model (halaman belum tersedia)">tahun model</a> 1975 harus dilengkapi dengan alat ini.<sup id="cite_ref-Palucka_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palucka-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Petersen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petersen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GM_advert_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_advert-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sentinel_1974_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sentinel_1974-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konverter "dua arah" ini menggabungkan <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida">karbon monoksida</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrokarbon_yang_tidak_terbakar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrokarbon yang tidak terbakar (halaman belum tersedia)">hidrokarbon yang tidak terbakar</a> untuk menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> (CO<sub>2</sub>) dan <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O). Pada tahun 1981, konverter katalitik dua arah dianggap sudah ketinggalan zaman dengan dikembangkannya konverter "tiga arah" yang juga mengurangi <a href="/wiki/NOx" title="NOx">oksida nitrogen</a> (NOx).<sup id="cite_ref-Palucka_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palucka-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walaupun konverter katalitik biasanya digunakan untuk sistem buangan kendaraan bermotor, alat ini juga digunakan untuk generator listrik, <a href="/wiki/Forklift" class="mw-redirect" title="Forklift">forklift</a>, alat penambangan, truk, bus dan <a href="/wiki/Lokomotif" title="Lokomotif">lokomotif</a>. Konverter ini juga digunakan di kompor yang memakai bahan bakar kayu.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagai catatan, konverter katalitik harus diganti setiap 100.000/120.000 km agar tetap efisien.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konverter_katalitik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konverter_katalitik&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Palucka-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palucka_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palucka_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Palucka, Tim (Winter 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081203124718/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/2004/3/2004_3_22.shtml">"Doing the Impossible"</a>. <i>Invention & Technology</i>. <b>19</b> (3). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/2004/3/2004_3_22.shtml">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Invention+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Doing+the+Impossible&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Palucka&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fit%2F2004%2F3%2F2004_3_22.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonverter+katalitik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petersen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Petersen_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Petersen Publishing (1975). "The Catalytic Converter". Dalam Erwin M. Rosen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/petersenautomoti0000pete"><i>The Petersen Automotive Troubleshooting & Repair Manual</i></a>. New York, NY: Grosset & Dunlap. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/petersenautomoti0000pete/page/493">493</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-448-11946-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-448-11946-3">0-448-11946-3</a>. <q>For years, the exhaust system (...) remained virtually unchanged until 1975 when a strange new component was added. It's called a catalytic converter(...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Catalytic+Converter&rft.btitle=The+Petersen+Automotive+Troubleshooting+%26+Repair+Manual&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=493&rft.pub=Grosset+%26+Dunlap&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-448-11946-3&rft.au=Petersen+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpetersenautomoti0000pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonverter+katalitik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penyunting" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GM_advert-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GM_advert_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9tBOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IAIEAAAAIBAJ&dq=catalytic-converter&pg=6404%2C6576523">"General Motors Believes it has an Answer to the Automotive Air Pollution Problem"</a>. <i>The Blade: Toledo, Ohio</i>. 12 September 1974<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Blade%3A+Toledo%2C+Ohio&rft.atitle=General+Motors+Believes+it+has+an+Answer+to+the+Automotive+Air+Pollution+Problem&rft.date=1974-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D9tBOAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DIAIEAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Dcatalytic-converter%26pg%3D6404%252C6576523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonverter+katalitik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sentinel_1974-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sentinel_1974_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429071844/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FXVQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vBEEAAAAIBAJ&dq=catalytic-converter&pg=6134,2245045">"Catalytic Converter Heads Auto Fuel Economy Efforts"</a>. <i>The Milwaukee Sentinel</i>. 11 November 1974. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FXVQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vBEEAAAAIBAJ&dq=catalytic-converter&pg=6134%2C2245045">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-04-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Milwaukee+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Catalytic+Converter+Heads+Auto+Fuel+Economy+Efforts&rft.date=1974-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DFXVQAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DvBEEAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Dcatalytic-converter%26pg%3D6134%252C2245045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonverter+katalitik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/burnwise/choosing-right-wood-stove">"Choosing the Right Wood Stove"</a>. <i>Burn Wise</i>. US EPA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Burn+Wise&rft.atitle=Choosing+the+Right+Wood+Stove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fburnwise%2Fchoosing-right-wood-stove&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonverter+katalitik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.catalyticconverterrecycling.com">https://www.catalyticconverterrecycling.com</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konverter_katalitik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konverter_katalitik&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Keith, C. D., et al. <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/patents/US3441381">U.S. Patent 3.441.381</a></span>: <i>"Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine". 29 April 1969</i></li> <li>Lachman, I. M. et al. <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/patents/US3885977">U.S. Patent 3.885.977</a></span>: <i>"Anisotropic Cordierite Monolith" (Ceramic substrate). 5 November 1973</i></li> <li>Charles H. Bailey. <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/patents/US4094645">U.S. Patent 4.094.645</a></span>: <i>"Combination muffler and catalytic converter having low backpressure". 13 June 1978</i></li> <li>Charles H. Bailey. <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/patents/US4250146">U.S. Patent 4.250.146</a></span>: '"Caseless monolithic catalytic converter". 10 February 1981</li> <li>Srinivasan Gopalakrishnan. <span class="citation patent"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB2397782">GB 2397782</a></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=2397782&rft.cc=GB&rft.title="><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>: <i>"Process And Synthesizer For Molecular Engineering of Materials". 13 March 2002</i>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem-system-2-blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Emblem-system-2-blue.svg/30px-Emblem-system-2-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Emblem-system-2-blue.svg/45px-Emblem-system-2-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Emblem-system-2-blue.svg/60px-Emblem-system-2-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="72" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik teknologi ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. 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