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Voeg die artikel by vir ander tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voeg tale by</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Duitse_idealisme" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Duitse_idealisme" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>U het toestemming om die bronteks te bekyk en te kopieer. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="af" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">=== Rasionalisme === Een van die vroegste kritici van die idealisme was [[Arthur Schopenhauer]] (1788-1860). Volgens Schopenhauer was idealisme te spekulatief, rasioneel en abstrak. Sy eie filosofie, uiteengesit in ''Die Welt as Wille und Vorstellung'' (1818, 1844), beklemtoon 'n ander kant van die mens: die irrasionele, die dier of instinktiewe. Vir Schopenhauer was geen mens of werklikheid redelik nie, maar as kern onredelik en slegs deur 'n irrasionele [[Wil (filosofie)|wil]] gedryf. Schopenhauer se afkeer van die Duitse idealisme het egter meer as suiwer filosofies gegaan, en gereeld vind mens 'n bietjie kwaadspraak-prosa gemik op onder meer Fichte. Hierdie visie van Schopenhauer was tot die einde van die [[19de eeu]] invloedryk. Eerstens in die werk van [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] (1844-1900). Soos Schopenhauer het Nietzsche aangevoer dat die werklikheid nie geregverdig word deur 'n redelike beginsel of 'n suiwer 'wil tot waarheid' nie. Agter hierdie skynbaar onskuldige soeke na waarheid en rede, volgens Nietzsche, is daar altyd 'n "wil tot mag". Uiteindelik wil die mens net die 'Ander' en die werklikheid oorheers deur hulle waarheid te beheer. Albei skrywers het aanleiding gegee tot 'n filosofiese beweging, wat dikwels as "lewensfilosofie" gekenmerk word. Hierdie filosofie het verklaar dat die lewe nie deur die verstand en die rasionele verduidelik kan word nie, maar dat dit iets is wat altyd buite val en meer te doen het met sy eie lewenskrag. 'n Bekende verteenwoordiger van hierdie beweging is Ludwig Klages (1872-1956), wat die werk ''Der Geist as Widersacher der Seele'' (1929-1932) geskryf het. Vir hom was die rasionele "gees" net die groot vyand van die oorspronklike siel wat die mens het. Die wetenskaplike verstand is dus 'n bedreiging vir die lewe, in sy oorspronklike staat, en kan dus die dood vir die lewe beteken. 'n Figuur wat nie onder die lewensfilosofie val nie, maar ook die [[rasionalisme]] van idealisme afwys, was [[Søren Kierkegaard]] (1813-1855). Kierkegaard was hoofsaaklik besig met die konfrontasie tussen denke en geloof. Vir Kierkegaard was geloof nie iets wat redelikerwys begryp kan word nie en binne 'n groot stelsel gebring word wat alles verduidelik. Die geloof en die wese bestaan in 'n sekere sin in irrasionele en eksistensiële sake wat nie in betekenis opgelos is nie. Kierkegaard het aanleiding gegee tot die [[eksistensialisme]] deur onder andere [[Martin Heidegger]] (1889-1976) en [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] (1905-1980) ontwikkel is. Hulle beklemtoon ook die onbepaaldheid van die betekenis van hul eie bestaan. Wat 'n mens se bestaan beteken, kan nie deur historiese wette afgelei word nie, maar hang af van die persoon self af. </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Keer terug na <a href="/wiki/Duitse_idealisme" title="Duitse idealisme">Duitse idealisme</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitse_idealisme">https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitse_idealisme</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duitse_idealisme&action=edit&section=13&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-lw7c5","wgBackendResponseTime":111,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.003","walltime":"0.004","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":706,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-lw7c5","timestamp":"20241201022643","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>