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terminivõistlus\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E!\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Elulugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elulugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Elulugu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elulugu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Elulugu"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elulugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Haridus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haridus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Haridus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haridus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riias_ja_reisil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riias_ja_reisil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Riias ja reisil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riias_ja_reisil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isiklikku" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isiklikku"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Isiklikku</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isiklikku-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektrolüütilise_dissotsiatsiooni_teooria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektrolüütilise_dissotsiatsiooni_teooria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Elektrolüütilise dissotsiatsiooni teooria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektrolüütilise_dissotsiatsiooni_teooria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasvuhooneefekt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasvuhooneefekt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kasvuhooneefekt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasvuhooneefekt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrhenius_muudes_teadusharudes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrhenius_muudes_teadusharudes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Arrhenius muudes teadusharudes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrhenius_muudes_teadusharudes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Svante Arrhenius</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 92 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سفانت أرينيوس – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سفانت أرينيوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhenius" title="Arrhenius – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrenius" title="Svante Arrenius – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Svante Arrenius" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سوانت آرنیوس – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوانت آرنیوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8" title="সভান্তে আরিয়েনিউস – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সভান্তে আরিয়েনিউস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D_%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Свантэ Аўгуст Арэніус – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Свантэ Аўгуст Арэніус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B0%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BE%B0%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="སྰ་ཝན་ཐི་ཨྰར་ཧེན་ཡ་སུ། – tiibeti" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྰ་ཝན་ཐི་ཨྰར་ཧེན་ཡ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tiibeti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Август Арениус – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сванте Август Арениус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Σβάντε Αρρένιους – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σβάντε Αρρένιους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سوانته آرنیوس – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوانته آرنیوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8,_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="अर्हेनिअस, स्फान्ता ऑगस्ट – Goa konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अर्हेनिअस, स्फान्ता ऑगस्ट" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%98%ED%85%8C_%EC%95%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%88%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="스반테 아레니우스 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스반테 아레니우스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius_ne" title="Svante Arrhenius ne – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Svante Arrhenius ne" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Սվանտե Արենիուս – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սվանտե Արենիուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="स्वांटे आर्रेनियस – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वांटे आर्रेनियस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="סוונטה ארניוס – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוונטה ארניוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅರೇನಿಯಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರೇನಿಯಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სვანტე არენიუსი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სვანტე არენიუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Аррениус – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сванте Аррениус" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svanto_Augustus_Arrhenius" title="Svanto Augustus Arrhenius – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Svanto Augustus Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arr%C4%93niuss" title="Svante Arrēniuss – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svante Arrēniuss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Арениус – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сванте Арениус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്വാന്തെ അറീനിയസ് – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വാന്തെ അറീനിയസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სვანტე არენიუსი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სვანტე არენიუსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سفانت ارينيوس – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سفانت ارينيوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سوانت آرنیوس – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سوانت آرنیوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="スヴァンテ・アレニウス – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スヴァンテ・アレニウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – noviaal" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="noviaal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%92_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="سوانتے آرہینیاس – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سوانتے آرہینیاس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82" title="Аррениус, Сванте Август – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аррениус, Сванте Август" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8E_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%B3" title="ساڤانتێ ئەرێنیەس – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ساڤانتێ ئەرێنیەس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Аренијус – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сванте Аренијус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svante August Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="சுவாந்தே அறீனியசு – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுவாந்தே அறீனியசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Аррениус – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сванте Аррениус" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA" title="สวานเต อาร์เรเนียส – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สวานเต อาร์เรเนียส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82" title="Аррениус, Сванте Август – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аррениус, Сванте Август" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сванте Август Арреніус – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сванте Август Арреніус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سوانت اوگست آرنیوس – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوانت اوگست آرنیوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%87%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%A6%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="斯万特·阿伦尼乌斯 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯万特·阿伦尼乌斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Svante Arrhenius" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9E%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="阿瑞尼斯 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿瑞尼斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%90%AC%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9E%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="斯萬特·阿瑞尼斯 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯萬特·阿瑞尼斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80956#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Svante_Arrhenius" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed" title="Erilehekülgede loend [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&oldid=6357687" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=Svante_Arrhenius&id=6357687&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSvante_Arrhenius"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSvante_Arrhenius"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" 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mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6347534">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.sisterproject{width:20em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk.bordered th{border:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style></div><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><span class="fn">Svante Arrhenius</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Arrhenius2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arrhenius2.jpg/220px-Arrhenius2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arrhenius2.jpg/330px-Arrhenius2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arrhenius2.jpg/440px-Arrhenius2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div>Arrhenius umbes 1910. aastal</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sünniaeg</th><td> 19. veebruar 1859</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Surmaaeg</th><td> 2. oktoober 1927 (68-aastaselt)<br /><span class="deathplace">Stockholm</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Matmispaik</th><td class="label"> Uppsala vana kalmistu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Amet</th><td class="role"> <a href="/wiki/Keemik" title="Keemik">keemik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Autasud</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Nobeli_keemiaauhind" title="Nobeli keemiaauhind">Nobeli keemiaauhind</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80956" class="extiw" title="d:Q80956">muuda Wikidatas</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Svante Arrhenius,</b> täisnimega <b>Svante August Arrhenius</b> (<a href="/wiki/19._veebruar" title="19. veebruar">19. veebruar</a> <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a> <a href="/wiki/Viki_linnus" title="Viki linnus">Viki linnus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rootsi" title="Rootsi">Rootsi</a> – <a href="/wiki/2._oktoober" title="2. oktoober">2. oktoober</a> <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a> <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>), oli Rootsi <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsik" title="Füüsik">füüsik</a> ja keemik, kes formuleeris <a href="/wiki/Elektrol%C3%BC%C3%BCtilise_dissotsiatsiooni_teooria" title="Elektrolüütilise dissotsiatsiooni teooria">elektrolüütilise dissotsiatsiooni teooria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selle eest anti talle 1903. aastal <a href="/wiki/Nobeli_auhind" title="Nobeli auhind">Nobeli auhind</a> keemias.<sup id="cite_ref-bPTtd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bPTtd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ta formuleeris ka <a href="/wiki/Arrheniuse_v%C3%B5rrand" title="Arrheniuse võrrand">Arrheniuse võrrandi</a> (seob kiiruskonstandi, aktivatsioonienergia ja temperatuuri)<sup id="cite_ref-cjGPd_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cjGPd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ja defineeris <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrheniuse_hape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrheniuse hape (pole veel kirjutatud)">Arrheniuse happe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ta oli üks <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsikaline_keemia" title="Füüsikaline keemia">füüsikalise keemia</a> rajajaid.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ta oli ka esimene, kes arvutas füüsikalise keemia printsiipe rakendades välja, kui palju võib <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Atmosfäär">atmosfääris</a> olev <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCsihappegaas" title="Süsihappegaas">CO<small>2</small></a> mõjutada kliimat,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kuigi ta ei olnud esimene, kes <a href="/wiki/Kasvuhooneefekt" title="Kasvuhooneefekt">kasvuhooneefekti</a> olemasolu välja pakkus (selleks oli <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fourier" title="Joseph Fourier">Joseph Fourier</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-RLhDF_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RLhDF-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tema silmapaistvat panust keemiasse ja füüsikasse väljendab näiteks tema järgi nimetatud <a href="/wiki/Kraater" title="Kraater">kraater</a> <a href="/wiki/Kuu" title="Kuu">Kuul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rxx7r_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rxx7r-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elulugu">Elulugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Elulugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Elulugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Haridus">Haridus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Haridus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Haridus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arrhenius käis <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a> kuulsas katedraalikoolis ja pärast seda <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_%C3%9Clikool" title="Uppsala Ülikool">Uppsala ülikoolis</a>, kus õppis <a href="/wiki/Matemaatika" title="Matemaatika">matemaatikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keemia" title="Keemia">keemiat</a> ja <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Füüsika">füüsikat</a>. Sealt sai ta 1878. aastal bakalaureusekraadi. Edasiseks teadussuunaks valis ta füüsika, kuid ei olnud oma instruktoriga rahul, kuna too soovis tegeleda vaid spektroskoopiaga. Seetõttu läks Arrhenius Stockholmis asuvasse Rootsi teaduste akadeemiasse füüsik Erik Edlundi käe alla õppima. Seal koostas ta ka oma esimese iseseisva teadustöö. Sellest sai lõpuks tema doktoriväitekiri, mida ta läks Uppsala ülikooli kaitsma. 1884. aastal anti talle küll doktorikraad, aga töö sai väga madala hinnangu.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Riias_ja_reisil">Riias ja reisil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Riias ja reisil"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Riias ja reisil" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arrhenius saatis oma töö tutvumiseks mitmele teadlasele, näiteks <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Clausius" title="Rudolf Clausius">Rudolf Clausiusele</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rothal_Meyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rothal Meyer (pole veel kirjutatud)">Rothal Meyerile</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoffile</a>, ja enamik neist olid sellest palju rohkem vaimustuses kui inimesed Uppsala ülikoolis. Veel üks oma aja tuntud teadlane, keda samuti peetakse üheks füüsikalise keemia rajajaks<sup id="cite_ref-hFlA5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hFlA5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a>, lausa külastas Arrheniust pärast tema tööga tutvumist ning pakkus talle kohta oma uurimisrühmas. Tema töö tegelik väärtus oli tõestatud ning ta sai füüsikalise keemia lektoriks Uppsalas. Edlundi eestvedamisel otsustas Rootsi teaduste akadeemia anda talle stipendiumi reisimiseks. Nii sai ta oma elektrolüütilise dissotsiatsiooni teooriat täiendamas käia 1886. aastal Ostwaldiga <a href="/wiki/Riia" title="Riia">Riias</a> ja Kohlrauschiga <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburgis</a>, 1887. aastal Boltzmanniga <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Grazis</a>, 1888. aastal van 't Hoffiga <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdamis</a>. Nende reiside ajal tõestas ta ära elektrolüütilise dissotsiatsiooni mõju <a href="/wiki/Osmootne_r%C3%B5hk" title="Osmootne rõhk">osmootsele rõhule</a>, külmumistemperatuuri langusele ja <a href="/wiki/Keemistemperatuur" title="Keemistemperatuur">keemistemperatuuri</a> tõusule.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Isiklikku">Isiklikku</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Isiklikku"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Isiklikku" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Svante August Arrhenius oli Svante Gustaf Arrheniuse ja Carolina Christina Thunbergi poeg. Ta esivanemad olid põllumehed ning ta isa oli katastrimõõdistaja, onu botaanik.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Juba väiksest peale oli ta väga andekas matemaatikas. Kolmeaastaselt õppis ta iseseisvalt lugema.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arrhenius oli kahel korral abielus. 1894. aastal abiellus ta oma parima õpilase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sofia_Rudbeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sofia Rudbeck (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sofia Rudbeckiga</a>, kellega tal oli poeg Olof. Rudbeck oli ka üks esimesi naisi, kes sai Uppsala ülikoolist bakalaureusekraadi loodusteadustes. Abielu oli õnnetu ning lõppes 1896. aastal lahutusega. 1905. aastal abiellus ta Maria Johanssoniga, kellega tal oli poeg Sven ning tütred Ester ja Anna-Lisa.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1901. aastast kuni surmani oli ta ka Nobeli komitee liige, ametlikult füüsikas ja <i>de facto</i> ka keemias. Üks tema märkimisväärseid panuseid komitee töösse oli ettepanek lasta kandidaate nomineerida ka välismaalastel, tehes Nobeli auhinna rahvusvaheliseks. Samas on teada, et Arrhenius ei olnud oma kandidaatide nomineerimisel erapooletu – ta üritas oma sõpradele auhinna saamisel abiks olla, samas tegi kõik endast oleneva, et oma vaenlased sellest ilma jätta.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1924. aastal sai ta insuldi, millest enam täielikult ei toibunud. See pani punkti tema arvukatele reisimistele. 2. oktoobril 1927 suri ta 68-aastaselt ägeda soolepõletiku tagajärjel. Arrhenius maeti Uppsala linnakalmistule, mis on ta lapsepõlvekodule väga lähedal.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elektrolüütilise_dissotsiatsiooni_teooria"><span id="Elektrol.C3.BC.C3.BCtilise_dissotsiatsiooni_teooria"></span>Elektrolüütilise dissotsiatsiooni teooria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Elektrolüütilise dissotsiatsiooni teooria"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Elektrolüütilise dissotsiatsiooni teooria" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arrheniuse teadustöö fookuses olid elektrolüüdid ja nende elektrijuhtivus. Tema algne eesmärk oli määrata lahustunud mittelenduvate ühendite molekulmassi elektrijuhtivuse mõõtmise teel. 1884. aastal kaitses ta oma 150-leheküljelise doktoriväitekirja elektrolüütide juhtivusest. Seda aga hinnati madalalt, kuna tema ideed olid liiga uuenduslikud, tolle aja arusaamade kohaselt lausa uskumatud. Seetõttu ei saanud ta ka dotsendiks, mistõttu Arrhenius oli väga pettunud ning tundis, et ta akadeemilisel karjääril pole tulevikku.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siiski oli aga seesama töö alguspunktiks tema hilisemale Nobeli auhinna saamisele.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tolle teadustöö väide oli, et elektrolüüdid dissotsieeruvad laetud osakesteks (ioonideks) ka iseenesest, ilma elektrivoolu rakendamata. See uus käsitlus tekitaski algul tugevat vastasseisu, kuna oli kaasaegsetest teadmistest liiga erinev.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ta väitis, et dissotsieerunud hüdraatidel (Arrheniuse kasutatava definitsiooni järgi vesinikku sisaldavad happed ja alused) on "aktiivsed" (elektrolüütsed) ja "mitteaktiivsed" (mitteelektrolüütsed) osad ning selle lahuse juurde käib ka vesi. Need komponendid on omavahel keemilises tasakaalus ja elektrolüüdi lahjendamisel aktiivsete osakeste osakaal suureneb ning mitteaktiivsete oma väheneb. Seda teooriat laiendas ta ka sooladele ning defineeris nii ka aktiivsuskoefitsiendi, mis väga lihtsalt seletades näitab dissotsiatsiooni ulatust lahuses.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasvuhooneefekt">Kasvuhooneefekt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasvuhooneefekt"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasvuhooneefekt" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arrhenius oli esimene, kes kvantifitseeris seose atmosfääris leiduva CO<sub>2</sub> ja maapinna temperatuuri vahel.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ta algne eesmärk oli selgitada temperatuurikõikumisi jääaegade ja jäävaheaegade vahelisel perioodil, kuid varsti arendas teemat edasi, näitamaks teoreetiliselt, kuidas võiks suuremalt osalt tööstusest pärineva süsihappegaasi kontsentratsiooni tõus atmosfääris mõjutada aja jooksul planeedi kliimat. Ta arvutas välja, et kahekordne CO<sub>2</sub> kontsentratsiooni tõus tõstaks Maa temperatuuri 5–6 °C võrra.<sup id="cite_ref-GXd9J_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GXd9J-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tänapäevaks on <a href="/wiki/Kasvuhooneefekt" title="Kasvuhooneefekt">kasvuhooneefekti</a> ja selle tagajärge, globaalset soojenemist, aktsepteeritud kui fakti ning see on leidnud kindla koha tänapäevases kliimateaduses.<sup id="cite_ref-IkWa3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IkWa3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrhenius_muudes_teadusharudes">Arrhenius muudes teadusharudes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Arrhenius muudes teadusharudes"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Arrhenius muudes teadusharudes" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hilisemas elus, kui tema teooriad füüsikas ja keemias olid juba laialdaselt omaks võetud, tegeles ta veel ka <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCsioloogia" title="Füsioloogia">füsioloogia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geograafia" title="Geograafia">geograafia</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Astronoomia" title="Astronoomia">astronoomiaga</a>. 1907. aastal avaldas ta teksti "Immunochemistry", mille teema oli mürkide ja vastumürkide uurimine füüsikalise keemia meetoditega.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Üks tema tuntumaid töid väljaspool ta põhivaldkondi on "Worlds In The Making: The Evolution Of The Universe", mis käsitleb <a href="/wiki/Panspermia" title="Panspermia">panspermiat</a> ehk hüpoteetilist elu levimist taevakehalt taevakehale näiteks <a href="/wiki/Komeet" title="Komeet">komeetide</a> vahendusel.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3qhcv_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3qhcv-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:5-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-3">1,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-4">1,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFThe_Nobel_Foundation" class="citation web cs1">The Nobel Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1903/arrhenius-bio.html">"Svante Arrhenius – Biographical"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Svante+Arrhenius+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft.au=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1903%2Farrhenius-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bPTtd-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bPTtd_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Nobel_Foundation" class="citation web cs1">The Nobel Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1903/index.html">"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+1903&rft.au=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1903%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cjGPd-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cjGPd_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Clark2002" class="citation web cs1">Jim Clark (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/basicrates/arrhenius.html">"Rate constants and the Arrhenius equation"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rate+constants+and+the+Arrhenius+equation&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Jim+Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemguide.co.uk%2Fphysical%2Fbasicrates%2Farrhenius.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2">4,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFAnne_Marie_Helmenstine,_Ph.D.2017" class="citation web cs1">Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. (1. mai 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/svante-arrhenius-4137940">"Svante Arrhenius – Father of Physical Chemistry"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Svante+Arrhenius+%E2%80%93+Father+of+Physical+Chemistry&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.au=Anne+Marie+Helmenstine%2C+Ph.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fsvante-arrhenius-4137940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-1">5,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-2">5,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-3">5,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFFamous_scientists" class="citation web cs1">Famous scientists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.famousscientists.org/svante-arrhenius/">"Svante Arrhenius, famousscientists.org"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Svante+Arrhenius%2C+famousscientists.org&rft.au=Famous+scientists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.famousscientists.org%2Fsvante-arrhenius%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFBaum,_Sr.,_Rudy_M._(2016)." class="citation web cs1">Baum, Sr., Rudy M. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemheritage.org/distillations/magazine/future-calculations">"Future Calculations: The first climate change believer"</a>. <i>Distillations. 2 (2): 38–39</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distillations.+2+%282%29%3A+38%E2%80%9339.&rft.atitle=Future+Calculations%3A+The+first+climate+change+believer.&rft.au=Baum%2C+Sr.%2C+Rudy+M.+%282016%29.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemheritage.org%2Fdistillations%2Fmagazine%2Ffuture-calculations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend (<a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_mitu_nime:_autorite_loend" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RLhDF-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RLhDF_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Tyndall1873" class="citation web cs1">John Tyndall (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heatconsideredas00tynduoft">"Heat considered as a Mode of Motion"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heat+considered+as+a+Mode+of+Motion&rft.date=1873&rft.au=John+Tyndall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheatconsideredas00tynduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rxx7r-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rxx7r_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb2287985h/_2.pdf">"Moon craters named for UCSD kin by NASA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1970<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moon+craters+named+for+UCSD+kin+by+NASA&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.ucsd.edu%2Fdc%2Fobject%2Fbb2287985h%2F_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1">9,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-2">9,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-3">9,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-4">9,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-5">9,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFElisabeth_Crawford" class="citation web cs1">Elisabeth Crawford. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Svante-Arrhenius">"Svante Arrhenius"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Svante+Arrhenius&rft.au=Elisabeth+Crawford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSvante-Arrhenius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-1">10,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-2">10,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-3">10,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-4">10,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Scribner's_Sons" class="citation web cs1">Charles Scribner's Sons. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/chemistry-biographies/svante-august-arrhenius">"Arrhenius, Svante August"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arrhenius%2C+Svante+August&rft.au=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fpeople%2Fscience-and-technology%2Fchemistry-biographies%2Fsvante-august-arrhenius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hFlA5-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hFlA5_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Nobel_Foundation" class="citation web cs1">The Nobel Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1909/ostwald-bio.html">"Wilhelm Ostwald – Biographical"</a>. <i>Nobel Media AB 2014</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nobel+Media+AB+2014&rft.atitle=Wilhelm+Ostwald+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft.au=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1909%2Fostwald-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-1">12,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFMats_Jonsson2012" class="citation web cs1">Mats Jonsson (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212084248/https://www.kth.se/en/che/archive/arkiv/svante-arrhenius-1.77419">"Svante Arrhenius -Controversial Nobel laureate, educator, cross-discipline scientist, climate scientist and entrepreneur"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kth.se/en/che/archive/arkiv/svante-arrhenius-1.77419">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 12. detsember 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Svante+Arrhenius+-Controversial+Nobel+laureate%2C+educator%2C+cross-discipline+scientist%2C+climate+scientist+and+entrepreneur&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Mats+Jonsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kth.se%2Fen%2Fche%2Farchive%2Farkiv%2Fsvante-arrhenius-1.77419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GXd9J-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GXd9J_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFHenning_Rodhe,_Robert_Charlson,_Elisabeth_Crawford1997" class="citation web cs1">Henning Rodhe, Robert Charlson, Elisabeth Crawford (1. veebruar 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4314542?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">"Svante Arrhenius and the Greenhouse Effect"</a>. <i>Vol. 26, No. 1, Arrhenius and the Greenhouse Gases (Feb., 1997), pp. 2–5</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vol.+26%2C+No.+1%2C+Arrhenius+and+the+Greenhouse+Gases+%28Feb.%2C+1997%29%2C+pp.+2%E2%80%935&rft.atitle=Svante+Arrhenius+and+the+Greenhouse+Effect&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.au=Henning+Rodhe%2C+Robert+Charlson%2C+Elisabeth+Crawford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4314542%3Fseq%3D1%23page_scan_tab_contents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend (<a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_mitu_nime:_autorite_loend" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IkWa3-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IkWa3_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFStocker,_T.F.,_D._Qin,_G.-K._Plattner,_M._Tignor,_S.K._Allen,_J._Boschung,_A._Nauels,_Y._Xia,_V._Bex,_P.M._Midgley2013" class="citation web cs1">Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, P.M. Midgley (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf">"Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis, by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. septembril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+2013+%E2%80%93+The+Physical+Science+Basis%2C+by+the+Intergovernmental+Panel+on+Climate+Change+%28IPCC%29&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Stocker%2C+T.F.%2C+D.+Qin%2C+G.-K.+Plattner%2C+M.+Tignor%2C+S.K.+Allen%2C+J.+Boschung%2C+A.+Nauels%2C+Y.+Xia%2C+V.+Bex%2C+P.M.+Midgley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far5%2Fwg1%2FWG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend (<a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_mitu_nime:_autorite_loend" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3qhcv-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3qhcv_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFSvante_Arrhenius1908" class="citation web cs1">Svante Arrhenius (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldsinmakingev00arrhrich">"Worlds in the making; the evolution of the universe"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Worlds+in+the+making%3B+the+evolution+of+the+universe&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Svante+Arrhenius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldsinmakingev00arrhrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASvante+Arrhenius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox" style=";;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6393697">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:2px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.15em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddddff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox td .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td .hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin:0 0.5em}</style><table class="mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" scope="col" colspan="3" style=";;padding:0;"><div style="margin:0 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Nobeli_keemiaauhind" title="Nobeli keemiaauhind">Nobeli keemiaauhinna laureaadid</a></div></th></tr><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=";;">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5492003">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child:before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child:after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li:before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child:before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist">1901 <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Hoff</a> • 1902 <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Fischer</a> • 1903 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arrhenius</a> • 1904 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ramsay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ramsay (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ramsay</a> • 1905 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Baeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf von Baeyer (pole veel kirjutatud)">Baeyer</a> • 1906 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Moissan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Moissan (pole veel kirjutatud)">Moissan</a> • 1907 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Buchner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Buchner (pole veel kirjutatud)">Buchner</a> • 1908 <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> • 1909 <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a> • 1910 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Wallach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Wallach (pole veel kirjutatud)">Wallach</a> • 1911 <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a> • 1912 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Grignard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Grignard (pole veel kirjutatud)">Grignard</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Sabatier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Sabatier (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sabatier</a> • 1913 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Werner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Werner (pole veel kirjutatud)">Werner</a> • 1914 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_William_Richards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore William Richards (pole veel kirjutatud)">Richards</a> • 1915 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Martin_Willst%C3%A4tter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Martin Willstätter (pole veel kirjutatud)">Willstätter</a> • <span style="color: darkgrey;">1916</span> • <span style="color: darkgrey;">1917</span> • 1918 <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a> • <span style="color: darkgrey;">1919</span> • 1920 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walther_Nernst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walther Nernst (pole veel kirjutatud)">Nernst</a> • 1921 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Soddy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Soddy (pole veel kirjutatud)">Soddy</a> • 1922 <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a> • 1923 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Pregl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Pregl (pole veel kirjutatud)">Pregl</a> • <span style="color: darkgrey;">1924</span> • 1925 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (pole veel kirjutatud)">Zsigmondy</a> </div></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:1px; padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/75px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/100px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist">1926 <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a> • 1927 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Otto_Wieland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland (pole veel kirjutatud)">Wieland</a> • 1928 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Otto_Reinhold_Windaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Windaus</a> • 1929 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Harden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Harden (pole veel kirjutatud)">Harden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Euler-Chelpin</a> • 1930 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Fischer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Fischer (pole veel kirjutatud)">Fischer</a> • 1931 <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Bergius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Bergius (pole veel kirjutatud)">Bergius</a> • 1932 <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a> • <span style="color: darkgrey;">1933</span> • 1934 <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Urey</a> • 1935 <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a> • 1936 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a> • 1937 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Haworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a> • 1938 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a> • 1939 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Butenandt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Butenandt (pole veel kirjutatud)">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopold Ružička (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ružička</a> • <span style="color: darkgrey;">1940</span> • <span style="color: darkgrey;">1941</span> • <span style="color: darkgrey;">1942</span> • 1943 <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_de_Hevesy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George de Hevesy (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hevesy</a> • 1944 <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a> • 1945 <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Virtanen</a> • 1946 <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Batcheller_Sumner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Batcheller Sumner (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wendell_Meredith_Stanley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley (pole veel kirjutatud)">Stanley</a> • 1947 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Robinson (pole veel kirjutatud)">Robinson</a> • 1948 <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a> • 1949 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Francis Giauque (pole veel kirjutatud)">Giauque</a> • 1950 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Diels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Diels (pole veel kirjutatud)">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a> </div></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist">1951 <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_Seaborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn Seaborg (pole veel kirjutatud)">Seaborg</a> • 1952 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archer_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archer Martin (pole veel kirjutatud)">Martin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Synge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Synge (pole veel kirjutatud)">Synge</a> • 1953 <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a> • 1954 <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a> • 1955 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_du_Vigneaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent du Vigneaud (pole veel kirjutatud)">Vigneaud</a> • 1956 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyril_Hinshelwood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyril Hinshelwood (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Semjonov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Semjonov (pole veel kirjutatud)">Semjonov</a> • 1957 <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Todd">Todd</a> • 1958 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Sanger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Sanger (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sanger</a> • 1959 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský (pole veel kirjutatud)">Heyrovský</a> • 1960 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willard_Libby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willard Libby (pole veel kirjutatud)">Libby</a> • 1961 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melvin_Calvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melvin Calvin (pole veel kirjutatud)">Calvin</a> • 1962 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Perutz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Perutz (pole veel kirjutatud)">Perutz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kendrew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kendrew (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kendrew</a> • 1963 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ziegler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ziegler (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giulio_Natta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giulio Natta (pole veel kirjutatud)">Natta</a> • 1964 <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a> • 1965 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Woodward</a> • 1966 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mulliken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Mulliken (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mulliken</a> • 1967 <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Norrish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Norrish (pole veel kirjutatud)">Norrish</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Porter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Porter (pole veel kirjutatud)">Porter</a> • 1968 <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a> • 1969 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derek_Barton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derek Barton (pole veel kirjutatud)">Barton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odd_Hassel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odd Hassel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hassel</a> • 1970 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Leloir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Leloir (pole veel kirjutatud)">Leloir</a> • 1971 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Herzberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Herzberg (pole veel kirjutatud)">Herzberg</a> • 1972 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Anfinsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Anfinsen (pole veel kirjutatud)">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford Moore (pole veel kirjutatud)">Moore</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Stein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Stein (pole veel kirjutatud)">Stein</a> • 1973 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Otto_Fischer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Otto Fischer (pole veel kirjutatud)">Fischer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Wilkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson (pole veel kirjutatud)">Wilkinson</a> • 1974 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Flory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Flory (pole veel kirjutatud)">Flory</a> • 1975 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cornforth (pole veel kirjutatud)">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Prelog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Prelog (pole veel kirjutatud)">Prelog</a> </div></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist">1976 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Lipscomb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Lipscomb (pole veel kirjutatud)">Lipscomb</a> • 1977 <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a> • 1978 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell" title="Peter Mitchell">Mitchell</a> • 1979 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Brown (pole veel kirjutatud)">Brown</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Wittig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Wittig (pole veel kirjutatud)">Wittig</a> • 1980 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Gilbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Gilbert (pole veel kirjutatud)">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Sanger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Sanger (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sanger</a> • 1981 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenichi_Fukui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenichi Fukui (pole veel kirjutatud)">Fukui</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Hoffmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roald Hoffmann (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hoffmann</a> • 1982 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaron_Klug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaron Klug (pole veel kirjutatud)">Klug</a> • 1983 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Taube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Taube (pole veel kirjutatud)">Taube</a> • 1984 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Bruce_Merrifield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield (pole veel kirjutatud)">Merrifield</a> • 1985 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Hauptman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Hauptman (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a> • 1986 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dudley_Herschbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dudley Herschbach (pole veel kirjutatud)">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuan_Tseh_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuan Tseh Lee (pole veel kirjutatud)">Lee</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Polanyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Polanyi (pole veel kirjutatud)">Polanyi</a> • 1987 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Cram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Cram (pole veel kirjutatud)">Cram</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie_Lehn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marie Lehn (pole veel kirjutatud)">Lehn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Pedersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Pedersen (pole veel kirjutatud)">Pedersen</a> • 1988 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Deisenhofer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Deisenhofer (pole veel kirjutatud)">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Huber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Huber (pole veel kirjutatud)">Huber</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartmut_Michel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hartmut Michel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Michel</a> • 1989 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Altman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidney Altman (pole veel kirjutatud)">Altman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cech (pole veel kirjutatud)">Cech</a> • 1990 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elias_James_Corey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elias James Corey (pole veel kirjutatud)">Corey</a> • 1991 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ernst" title="Richard Ernst">Ernst</a> • 1992 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_Marcus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolph Marcus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Marcus</a> • 1993 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kary_Mullis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kary Mullis (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mullis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Smith (pole veel kirjutatud)">Smith</a> • 1994 <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Olah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Olah (pole veel kirjutatud)">Olah</a> • 1995 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Molina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Molina (pole veel kirjutatud)">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a> • 1996 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Curl (pole veel kirjutatud)">Curl</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Kroto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Kroto (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kroto</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Smalley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Smalley (pole veel kirjutatud)">Smalley</a> • 1997 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Boyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Boyer (pole veel kirjutatud)">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_Walker" title="John Ernest Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a> • 1998 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Kohn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Kohn (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kohn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pople&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pople (pole veel kirjutatud)">Pople</a> • 1999 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Zewail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Zewail (pole veel kirjutatud)">Zewail</a> • 2000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Heeger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Heeger (pole veel kirjutatud)">Heeger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_MacDiarmid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan MacDiarmid (pole veel kirjutatud)">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a> </div></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">2001–...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist">2001 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Knowles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Knowles (pole veel kirjutatud)">Knowles</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryoji_Noyori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryoji Noyori (pole veel kirjutatud)">Noyori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Sharpless&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Sharpless (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sharpless</a> • 2002 <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koichi_Tanaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koichi Tanaka (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a> • 2003 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Agre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Agre (pole veel kirjutatud)">Agre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roderick_MacKinnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roderick MacKinnon (pole veel kirjutatud)">MacKinnon</a> • 2004 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaron_Ciechanover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaron Ciechanover (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ciechanover</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avram_Hershko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avram Hershko (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hershko</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irwin_Rose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irwin Rose (pole veel kirjutatud)">Rose</a> • 2005 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Schrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a> • 2006 <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Kornberg</a> • 2007 <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a> • 2008 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osamu_Shimomura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osamu Shimomura (pole veel kirjutatud)">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Chalfie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Chalfie (pole veel kirjutatud)">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Y. Tsien (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tsien</a> • 2009 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Steitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Steitz (pole veel kirjutatud)">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Yonath</a> • 2010 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Heck" title="Richard Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a> • 2011 <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Shechtman" title="Daniel Shechtman">Shechtman</a> • 2012 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a> • 2013 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Karplus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Karplus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Karplus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Levitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Levitt (pole veel kirjutatud)">Levitt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arieh_Warshel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arieh Warshel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Warshel</a> • 2014 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Betzig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Betzig (pole veel kirjutatud)">Betzig</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefan_Hell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefan Hell (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Esco_Moerner" title="William Esco Moerner">Moerner</a> • 2015 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomas_Lindahl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomas Lindahl (pole veel kirjutatud)">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Modrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Modrich (pole veel kirjutatud)">Modrich</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aziz_Sancar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aziz Sancar (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sancar</a> • 2016 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Feringa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Feringa (pole veel kirjutatud)">Feringa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Sauvage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fraser Stoddart (pole veel kirjutatud)">Stoddart</a> • 2017 <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joachim_Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joachim Frank (pole veel kirjutatud)">Frank</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Henderson (pole veel kirjutatud)">Henderson</a> • 2018 <a href="/wiki/Frances_H._Arnold" title="Frances H. Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Smith_(keemik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Smith (keemik) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Smith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greg_Winter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greg Winter (pole veel kirjutatud)">Winter</a> • 2019 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Goodenough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Goodenough (pole veel kirjutatud)">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Whittingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Whittingham (pole veel kirjutatud)">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akira_Yoshino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akira Yoshino (pole veel kirjutatud)">Yoshino</a> • 2020 <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a> • 2021 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_List&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin List (pole veel kirjutatud)">List</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_MacMillan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David MacMillan (pole veel kirjutatud)">MacMillan</a> • 2022 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Bertozzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Bertozzi (pole veel kirjutatud)">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Sharpless&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Sharpless (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sharpless</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morten_Meldal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morten Meldal (pole veel kirjutatud)">Meldal</a> • 2023 <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Jekimov" title="Aleksei Jekimov">Jekimov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moungi_Bawendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moungi Bawendi (pole veel kirjutatud)">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Brus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Brus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Brus</a> • 2024  <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Baker (pole veel kirjutatud)">Baker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demis_Hassabis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demis Hassabis (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hassabis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jumper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Jumper (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jumper</a> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&oldid=6357687">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Svante_Arrhenius&oldid=6357687</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Rootsi_f%C3%BC%C3%BCsikud" title="Kategooria:Rootsi füüsikud">Rootsi füüsikud</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Rootsi_keemikud" title="Kategooria:Rootsi keemikud">Rootsi keemikud</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Bioevolutsioon" title="Kategooria:Bioevolutsioon">Bioevolutsioon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Nobeli_keemiaauhinna_laureaadid" title="Kategooria:Nobeli keemiaauhinna laureaadid">Nobeli keemiaauhinna laureaadid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:S%C3%BCndinud_1859" title="Kategooria:Sündinud 1859">Sündinud 1859</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Surnud_1927" title="Kategooria:Surnud 1927">Surnud 1927</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_mitu_nime:_autorite_loend" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend">CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 15:40, 26. märts 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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