CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hughes Network Systems - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8a56b674-0289-4b54-9c68-22c90c20f54e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hughes_Network_Systems","wgTitle":"Hughes Network Systems","wgCurRevisionId":1255337525,"wgRevisionId":1255337525,"wgArticleId":9371543,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Infobox network service provider ASN using Wikidata","Articles with a promotional tone from July 2023","All articles with a promotional tone","2011 mergers and acquisitions","American companies established in 1971","American corporate subsidiaries","Communications satellite operators","Companies based in Germantown, Maryland","EchoStar", "Satellite Internet access","Telecommunications companies established in 1971","Telecommunications companies of the United States","Former General Motors subsidiaries"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hughes_Network_Systems","wgRelevantArticleId":9371543,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"DirecWay","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl": "/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems#HughesNet","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q282161","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hughes Network Systems - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems#HughesNet"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems#HughesNet"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hughes_Network_Systems rootpage-Hughes_Network_Systems skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hughes+Network+Systems" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hughes+Network+Systems" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hughes+Network+Systems" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hughes+Network+Systems" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technology and services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technology_and_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technology and services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technology_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Satellite_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satellite_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Satellite systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satellite_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satellite_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satellite_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Satellite services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satellite_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HughesNet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HughesNet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>HughesNet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HughesNet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Managed_network_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Managed_network_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Managed network services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Managed_network_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hughes Network Systems</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes_Communications" title="Hughes Communications – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hughes Communications" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B2" title="هیوز نتورک سیستمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیوز نتورک سیستمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems" title="Hughes Network Systems – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hughes Network Systems" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes_Communications" title="Hughes Communications – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hughes Communications" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/HughesNet" title="HughesNet – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="HughesNet" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems" title="Hughes Network Systems – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hughes Network Systems" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes_(%C5%9Firket)" title="Hughes (şirket) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hughes (şirket)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q282161#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hughes_Network_Systems" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hughes_Network_Systems" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hughes_Network_Systems" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&oldid=1255337525" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Hughes_Network_Systems&id=1255337525&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHughes_Network_Systems%23HughesNet"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHughes_Network_Systems%23HughesNet"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q282161" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=DirecWay&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="DirecWay">DirecWay</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">High-speed satellite internet service provider</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Hughes Network Systems, LLC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hughes_Communications_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hughes_Communications_logo.svg/250px-Hughes_Communications_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hughes_Communications_logo.svg/375px-Hughes_Communications_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hughes_Communications_logo.svg/500px-Hughes_Communications_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="81" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Satellite networks and services</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1971<span class="noprint">; 53 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1971</span>)</span> (Digital Communications Corp)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Germantown,_Maryland" title="Germantown, Maryland">Germantown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World" title="World">Worldwide</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Hamid Akhavan (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>, EchoStar)</li><li>Paul Gaske (<a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">COO</a>, Hughes Network Systems and EchoStar)</li></ul></div><sup id="cite_ref-KaulRetirement_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaulRetirement-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category">Global communications</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.97 billion (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-revenue2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revenue2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,000 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-mssp202212_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mssp202212-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/EchoStar" title="EchoStar">EchoStar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous System Number">ASNs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bgp.tools/as/6621">6621</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bgp.tools/as/63062">63062</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282161#P3797" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hughes.com/">www.Hughes.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hughes Network Systems, LLC</b> is a wholly owned subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/EchoStar" title="EchoStar">EchoStar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Germantown,_Maryland" title="Germantown, Maryland">Germantown, Maryland</a> and provides <a href="/wiki/Satellite_Internet_access" title="Satellite Internet access">satellite internet service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HughesNet has over a million subscribers in the Americas in late 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-jupiter-3-20240112_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jupiter-3-20240112-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> down from 1.4 million in early 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-jupiter3202205_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jupiter3202205-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hughes Communications was founded in 1971 under the name Digital Communication Corporation (DCC)<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_2005_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by a group of seven engineers and a lawyer led by John Puente and Dr. Burton Edelson,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who all previously worked together at <a href="/wiki/Comsat_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Comsat Laboratories">Comsat Laboratories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kdjafn_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kdjafn-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With $40,000 in startup capital,<sup id="cite_ref-kdjafn_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kdjafn-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shay_2011_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shay_2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the company operated from a garage in <a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, Maryland</a>, designing circuit boards for telecom related products.<sup id="cite_ref-kdjafn_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kdjafn-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Belson_2006_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belson_2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1977, Digital Communications Corp. had 250 employees and $10.6 million in revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-isdfghuyv_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isdfghuyv-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, Digital Communications Corp. was acquired by Microwave Associates for an undisclosed sum,<sup id="cite_ref-isdfghuyv_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isdfghuyv-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming MA/COM-DCC and began developing satellite related products.<sup id="cite_ref-iauohf_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iauohf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company invented the very small aperture terminal (<a href="/wiki/Very-small-aperture_terminal" title="Very-small-aperture terminal">VSAT</a>) in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, the company sold its first VSAT network to Wal-Mart, which used the “technology to connect retail stores in rural areas.”<sup id="cite_ref-satellite_today_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satellite_today-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to SatMagazine, “the global VSAT market is estimated to reach $10 billion by 2021.”<sup id="cite_ref-satmagazine_vsat_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satmagazine_vsat-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, MA/COM-DCC was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Aircraft_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hughes Aircraft Corporation">Hughes Aircraft Corporation</a> for $105 million and renamed Hughes Communications.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1989_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes_1989-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation" title="News Corporation">News Corp</a> acquired a controlling interest in Hughes through a $6.5 billion purchase intended primarily for its <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a> unit.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_2005_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DirecTV also began selling off its ownership interests, culminating in a $100 million sale to a private equity firm.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_2005_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Hughes became a wholly owned subsidiary of SkyTerra Communications Inc., which was controlled by the investment firm.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_2005_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hughes Communications was spun-off as an independent public company in 2007 and was acquired by <a href="/wiki/EchoStar" title="EchoStar">EchoStar</a> for about $2 billion in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes2011_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Dish_Network" title="Dish Network">Dish Network</a> and <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hughes Network Systems</a>,</b> both <a href="/wiki/EchoStar" title="EchoStar">Echostar</a> companies announced a new bundled service of Dish satellite TV with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hughesnet</a> satellite internet.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology_and_services">Technology and services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technology and services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HughesNet is Hughes Network Systems' satellite-based broadband internet service. As of 2018, Hughes controls 69 percent of the market for residential satellite-based internet connections, which are mostly used by rural customers out-of-reach of wired infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-spaceracefool_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spaceracefool-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hughes also markets its services to government, business, and military.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satellite_systems">Satellite systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Satellite systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, Hughes launched the Jupiter (stylized as JUPITER) System, Hughes' VSAT ground system that provides high-performance terminals, increased gateway architecture, and advanced air interface<sup id="cite_ref-pc_tech_mag_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc_tech_mag-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for both high-throughput and conventional satellites. The Jupiter System supports applications such as broadband Internet and Intranet access, community Wi-Fi hotspots, cellular backhaul, <a href="/wiki/Digital_signage" title="Digital signage">digital signage</a> and mobility, including airborne services.<sup id="cite_ref-via_satellite_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-via_satellite-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through its Jupiter Aero System, an integrated system of airborne and ground equipment and software, Hughes provides broadband access to aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-get_connected_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-get_connected-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2018, about 1,000 aircraft carry Hughes technology on board.<sup id="cite_ref-runway_girl_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-runway_girl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2018, Hughes announced improvements to the Jupiter system, doubling the throughput of HT2xxx terminals to more than 200 Mbit/s and increasing capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-multichannel_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multichannel-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hughes HX and HT satellite broadband platforms are used for broadband IP services, high speed internet, VoIP, and video by telecom providers around the world and the military.<sup id="cite_ref-get_connected_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-get_connected-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hughes has deployed more than 9 million VSAT terminals of all types in more than 100 countries, representing more than 50 percent market share.<sup id="cite_ref-satnews202111_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satnews202111-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satellite_services">Satellite services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Satellite services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hughes satellite backhaul of cellular service extends 4G/<a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> service to remote and rural areas around the world, specifically where conventional backhaul is difficult or costly due to geography and terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-business_standard_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-business_standard-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-business_today_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-business_today-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-advanced_television_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advanced_television-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-broadcastpro_me_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-broadcastpro_me-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hughes cellular backhaul applications include a 4G/LTE optimization capability that yields up to 60 percent bandwidth savings.<sup id="cite_ref-broadcastpro_me_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-broadcastpro_me-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HughesNet">HughesNet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: HughesNet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1996, Hughes introduced a satellite Internet service for consumers and small businesses. The service was originally known as DirecPC<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was renamed Direcway in May 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 27, 2006, it was renamed HughesNet. In 2012, Hughes introduced its first offering of broadband satellite Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2017, Hughes became the first satellite-based <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service provider</a> to meet the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>'s definition of "broadband" with HughesNet Gen5 after launching the EchoStar XVII and XIX high-throughput satellites. </p><p>In 2016, Hughes expanded HughesNet into <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, marking its first international expansion of the service.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It expanded into <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> in September 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> in October 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> in December 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and into <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FCC Measuring Broadband America report ranked HughesNet number one among all internet service providers for meeting or exceeding advertised download speeds for four years in a row from 2014 through 2017. For three out of four years (2014, 2015 and 2017), HughesNet ranked number one for meeting or exceeding both download and upload advertised speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HughesNet was named the Best Rural Internet Provider of 2022 and Best Satellite Internet Provider of 2022 by <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> 360 Reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The long distance to the <a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit" title="Geosynchronous orbit">geosynchronous orbit</a> used by HughesNet increases <a href="/wiki/Latency_(engineering)" title="Latency (engineering)">latency</a> to over 600 ms, over 10 times more than terrestrial or <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> systems like <a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a>, rendering it much less competitive for applications like <a href="/wiki/Videoconferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Videoconferencing">videoconferencing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video gaming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Managed_network_services">Managed network services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Managed network services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hughes offers managed network services for distributed enterprise businesses and government organizations. Its HughesON <a href="/wiki/Managed_services" title="Managed services">managed services</a> include <a href="/wiki/SD-WAN" title="SD-WAN">SD-WAN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> and location analytics and cloud-based digital signage and employee training.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Europe" title="Hughes Europe">Hughes Europe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Another sources says it was $8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-iauohf_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iauohf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Another source says $1.3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Merced_2011_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merced_2011-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KaulRetirement-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KaulRetirement_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/business/2022/12/01/pradman-kaul-to-retire-after-nearly-50-years-with-hughes-network-systems/">"Pradman Kaul to Retire After Nearly 50 Years With Hughes Network Systems"</a>. <i>satellitetoday.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=satellitetoday.com&rft.atitle=Pradman+Kaul+to+Retire+After+Nearly+50+Years+With+Hughes+Network+Systems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Fbusiness%2F2022%2F12%2F01%2Fpradman-kaul-to-retire-after-nearly-50-years-with-hughes-network-systems%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revenue2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revenue2022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/business/2023/02/24/hughes-revenue-slightly-up-in-2022-despite-subscriber-decline/">"Hughes Revenue Slightly Up in 2022 Despite Subscriber Decline"</a>. <i>satellitetoday.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=satellitetoday.com&rft.atitle=Hughes+Revenue+Slightly+Up+in+2022+Despite+Subscriber+Decline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Fbusiness%2F2023%2F02%2F24%2Fhughes-revenue-slightly-up-in-2022-despite-subscriber-decline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mssp202212-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mssp202212_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msspalert.com/cybersecurity-companies/mssp-alert-2022-top-250-mssps-company-profile-hughes-network-systems/">"Hughes' MSP, MSSP Market Expansion"</a>. <i>MSSPAlert</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSSPAlert&rft.atitle=Hughes%27+MSP%2C+MSSP+Market+Expansion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msspalert.com%2Fcybersecurity-companies%2Fmssp-alert-2022-top-250-mssps-company-profile-hughes-network-systems%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191111104619/https://technology.ihs.com/403447/echostar-acquires-hughes-communications">"EchoStar acquires Hughes Communications - IHS Technology"</a>. technology.ihs.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technology.ihs.com/403447/echostar-acquires-hughes-communications">the original</a> on 2019-11-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EchoStar+acquires+Hughes+Communications+-+IHS+Technology&rft.pub=technology.ihs.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnology.ihs.com%2F403447%2Fechostar-acquires-hughes-communications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnapp" class="citation web cs1">Knapp, Alex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2017/03/13/hughes-network-systems-is-launching-high-speed-satellite-internet-for-north-america/">"Hughes Network Systems Is Launching High-Speed Satellite Internet For North America"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Hughes+Network+Systems+Is+Launching+High-Speed+Satellite+Internet+For+North+America&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Falexknapp%2F2017%2F03%2F13%2Fhughes-network-systems-is-launching-high-speed-satellite-internet-for-north-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jupiter-3-20240112-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jupiter-3-20240112_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRainbox2024" class="citation news cs1">Rainbox, Jason (12 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/jupiter-3-enters-commercial-service/">"Jupiter-3 enters commercial service"</a>. <i>SpaceNews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=Jupiter-3+enters+commercial+service&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft.aulast=Rainbox&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fjupiter-3-enters-commercial-service%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jupiter3202205-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jupiter3202205_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/business/2022/05/05/hughes-jupiter-3-satellite-pushed-to-early-2023-echostar-explores-potential-acquisitions/">"Hughes Jupiter-3 Satellite Pushed to Early 2023, EchoStar Explores Potential Acquisitions"</a>. <i>satellitetoday.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=satellitetoday.com&rft.atitle=Hughes+Jupiter-3+Satellite+Pushed+to+Early+2023%2C+EchoStar+Explores+Potential+Acquisitions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Fbusiness%2F2022%2F05%2F05%2Fhughes-jupiter-3-satellite-pushed-to-early-2023-echostar-explores-potential-acquisitions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCarthy_2005-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_2005_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_2005_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_2005_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_2005_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2005" class="citation news cs1">McCarthy, Ellen (November 11, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/10/AR2005111001994.html">"DirecTV to Sell Hughes Investment"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=DirecTV+to+Sell+Hughes+Investment&rft.date=2005-11-11&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2005%2F11%2F10%2FAR2005111001994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hughes.com/about">"About Hughes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Hughes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hughes.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kdjafn-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kdjafn_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kdjafn_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kdjafn_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills1997" class="citation news cs1">Mills, Mike (August 25, 1997). "The Sky's the Limit for Hughes". <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Sky%27s+the+Limit+for+Hughes&rft.date=1997-08-25&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shay_2011-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shay_2011_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShay2011" class="citation web cs1">Shay, Kevin James (January 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622220324/http://www.gazette.net/gazettecms/story.php?id=48957">"EchoStar closes on $2B purchase of Hughes Communications of Germantown"</a>. <i>The Gazette</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazette.net/gazettecms/story.php?id=48957">the original</a> on June 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=EchoStar+closes+on+%242B+purchase+of+Hughes+Communications+of+Germantown&rft.date=2011-01-20&rft.aulast=Shay&rft.aufirst=Kevin+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazette.net%2Fgazettecms%2Fstory.php%3Fid%3D48957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belson_2006-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Belson_2006_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelson2006" class="citation web cs1">Belson, Ken (November 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/14/technology/14satellite.html">"With a Dish, Broadband Goes Rural"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=With+a+Dish%2C+Broadband+Goes+Rural&rft.date=2006-11-14&rft.aulast=Belson&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F11%2F14%2Ftechnology%2F14satellite.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isdfghuyv-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isdfghuyv_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isdfghuyv_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Digital Firm Purchased". <i>The Washington Post</i>. February 23, 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Digital+Firm+Purchased&rft.date=1978-02-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iauohf-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iauohf_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iauohf_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg1990" class="citation news cs1">Rosenberg, Ronald (November 18, 1990). "Motivating M/A Com". <i>Boston Globe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Motivating+M%2FA+Com&rft.date=1990-11-18&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachdev" class="citation book cs1">Sachdev, D.K. <i>Recent Successful Satellite Systems: Visions of the Future</i>. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recent+Successful+Satellite+Systems%3A+Visions+of+the+Future&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Aeronautics+and+Astronautics%2C+Inc.&rft.aulast=Sachdev&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-satellite_today-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-satellite_today_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerlocher2010" class="citation web cs1">Berlocher, Greg (1 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2010/09/01/advances-keep-vsats-relevant-in-changing-market/">"Advances Keep VSATs Relevant in Changing Market - Via Satellite -"</a>. <i>Via Satellite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Via+Satellite&rft.atitle=Advances+Keep+VSATs+Relevant+in+Changing+Market+-+Via+Satellite+-&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.aulast=Berlocher&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Ftelecom%2F2010%2F09%2F01%2Fadvances-keep-vsats-relevant-in-changing-market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-satmagazine_vsat-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-satmagazine_vsat_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGood" class="citation web cs1">Good, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satmagazine.com/story.php?number=2123658069">"SatMagazine"</a>. <i>www.satmagazine.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.satmagazine.com&rft.atitle=SatMagazine&rft.aulast=Good&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.satmagazine.com%2Fstory.php%3Fnumber%3D2123658069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes_1989-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1989_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-07-08-fi-2652-story.html">"Hughes to Buy IBM Satellite Leasing Operation"</a>. <i>The Los Angeles Times</i>. July 8, 1989<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Hughes+to+Buy+IBM+Satellite+Leasing+Operation&rft.date=1989-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-07-08-fi-2652-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes2011-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forbes2011_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericsavitz/2011/02/14/echostar-to-buy-hughes-communications-for-2-billion/#379c53033305">"EchoStar To Buy Hughes Communications For $2 Billion"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. February 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=EchoStar+To+Buy+Hughes+Communications+For+%242+Billion&rft.date=2011-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fericsavitz%2F2011%2F02%2F14%2Fechostar-to-buy-hughes-communications-for-2-billion%2F%23379c53033305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Merced_2011-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Merced_2011_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerced2011" class="citation web cs1">Merced, Michael J. de la (February 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/02/14/echostar-to-buy-hughes-communications-for-1-3-billion/">"EchoStar in $1.3 Billion Deal for Hughes Communications"</a>. <i>DealBook</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DealBook&rft.atitle=EchoStar+in+%241.3+Billion+Deal+for+Hughes+Communications&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.aulast=Merced&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.+de+la&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F02%2F14%2Fechostar-to-buy-hughes-communications-for-1-3-billion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dish-tv-and-hughes-debut-first-bundled-service-offering-to-enhance-connectivity-and-entertainment-across-rural-america-302147336.html">"Dish TV and Hughes Debut First Bundled Service Offering to Enhance Connectivity and Entertainment Across Rural America"</a>. <i>www.prnewswire.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.prnewswire.com&rft.atitle=Dish+TV+and+Hughes+Debut+First+Bundled+Service+Offering+to+Enhance+Connectivity+and+Entertainment+Across+Rural+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fdish-tv-and-hughes-debut-first-bundled-service-offering-to-enhance-connectivity-and-entertainment-across-rural-america-302147336.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spaceracefool-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spaceracefool_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fool.com/investing/2019/11/21/the-space-race-among-internet-service-providers.aspx">"The Space Race Among Internet Service Providers"</a>. <i>The Motley Fool</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Motley+Fool&rft.atitle=The+Space+Race+Among+Internet+Service+Providers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fool.com%2Finvesting%2F2019%2F11%2F21%2Fthe-space-race-among-internet-service-providers.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2011" class="citation web cs1">Holmes, Mark (10 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/uncategorized/2011/11/10/hughes-collaborates-with-tcs-in-militarygovernment-market/">"Hughes Collaborates with TCS in Military/Government Market - Via Satellite -"</a>. <i>Via Satellite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Via+Satellite&rft.atitle=Hughes+Collaborates+with+TCS+in+Military%2FGovernment+Market+-+Via+Satellite+-&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Funcategorized%2F2011%2F11%2F10%2Fhughes-collaborates-with-tcs-in-militarygovernment-market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc_tech_mag-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pc_tech_mag_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatambuze_III2016" class="citation web cs1">Batambuze III, Ephraim (9 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pctechmag.com/2016/05/eutelsat-and-facebook-choose-hughes-jupiter-system-for-africa-broadband-initiative/">"Eutelsat and Facebook Choose Hughes JUPITER™ System For Africa Broadband Initiative"</a>. <i>PC Tech Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Tech+Magazine&rft.atitle=Eutelsat+and+Facebook+Choose+Hughes+JUPITER%E2%84%A2+System+For+Africa+Broadband+Initiative&rft.date=2016-05-09&rft.aulast=Batambuze+III&rft.aufirst=Ephraim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpctechmag.com%2F2016%2F05%2Feutelsat-and-facebook-choose-hughes-jupiter-system-for-africa-broadband-initiative%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-via_satellite-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-via_satellite_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyirady2018" class="citation web cs1">Nyirady, Annamarie (10 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/broadband/2018/12/10/hughes-brings-satellite-internet-service-to-ecuador/">"Hughes Brings Satellite Internet Service to Ecuador - Via Satellite -"</a>. <i>Via Satellite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Via+Satellite&rft.atitle=Hughes+Brings+Satellite+Internet+Service+to+Ecuador+-+Via+Satellite+-&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.aulast=Nyirady&rft.aufirst=Annamarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Fbroadband%2F2018%2F12%2F10%2Fhughes-brings-satellite-internet-service-to-ecuador%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-get_connected-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-get_connected_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-get_connected_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols2018" class="citation web cs1">Nichols, Steve (8 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getconnected.aero/2018/05/hughes-jupiter-infrastructure-in-place-for-thales-flytlive/">"Hughes Jupiter infrastructure in place for Thales FlytLive"</a>. <i>Get Connected</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Get+Connected&rft.atitle=Hughes+Jupiter+infrastructure+in+place+for+Thales+FlytLive&rft.date=2018-05-08&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getconnected.aero%2F2018%2F05%2Fhughes-jupiter-infrastructure-in-place-for-thales-flytlive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-runway_girl-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-runway_girl_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2018" class="citation web cs1">Kirby, Mary (26 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runwaygirlnetwork.com/2018/06/26/echostars-hughes-eyes-growth-within-inflight-connectivity-sector/">"EchoStar's Hughes eyes growth within aero sector"</a>. <i>Runway Girl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Runway+Girl&rft.atitle=EchoStar%27s+Hughes+eyes+growth+within+aero+sector&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frunwaygirlnetwork.com%2F2018%2F06%2F26%2Fechostars-hughes-eyes-growth-within-inflight-connectivity-sector%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-multichannel-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-multichannel_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumgartner2018" class="citation web cs1">Baumgartner, Jeff (13 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.multichannel.com/news/hughes-beefs-throughput-jupiter-satellite-platform-418643">"Hughes Beefs Up Throughput on 'Jupiter' Satellite Platform"</a>. <i>Multichannel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Multichannel&rft.atitle=Hughes+Beefs+Up+Throughput+on+%27Jupiter%27+Satellite+Platform&rft.date=2018-03-13&rft.aulast=Baumgartner&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.multichannel.com%2Fnews%2Fhughes-beefs-throughput-jupiter-satellite-platform-418643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2014" class="citation web cs1">Henry, Caleb (14 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2014/10/14/hughes-begins-marketing-rotary-specialized-waveform/">"Hughes Begins Marketing Rotary-Specialized Waveform - Via Satellite -"</a>. <i>Via Satellite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Via+Satellite&rft.atitle=Hughes+Begins+Marketing+Rotary-Specialized+Waveform+-+Via+Satellite+-&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Caleb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Ftelecom%2F2014%2F10%2F14%2Fhughes-begins-marketing-rotary-specialized-waveform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2015" class="citation web cs1">Henry, Caleb (3 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/innovation/2015/06/03/hughes-awarded-broadband-satellite-system-contract-by-ipsat/">"Hughes Awarded Broadband Satellite System Contract by IPSAT - Via Satellite -"</a>. <i>Via Satellite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Via+Satellite&rft.atitle=Hughes+Awarded+Broadband+Satellite+System+Contract+by+IPSAT+-+Via+Satellite+-&rft.date=2015-06-03&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Caleb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Finnovation%2F2015%2F06%2F03%2Fhughes-awarded-broadband-satellite-system-contract-by-ipsat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telecomlead.com/broadcasting/hughes-opens-new-satellite-hub-in-india-targeting-enterprise-and-smbs-79951">"Hughes opens new satellite hub in India targeting enterprise and SMBs"</a>. <i>TelecomLead</i>. 12 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TelecomLead&rft.atitle=Hughes+opens+new+satellite+hub+in+India+targeting+enterprise+and+SMBs&rft.date=2017-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telecomlead.com%2Fbroadcasting%2Fhughes-opens-new-satellite-hub-in-india-targeting-enterprise-and-smbs-79951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachdev" class="citation book cs1">Sachdev, D.K. <i>Recent Successful Satellite Systems: Visions of the Future</i>. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. p. 306.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recent+Successful+Satellite+Systems%3A+Visions+of+the+Future&rft.pages=306&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Aeronautics+and+Astronautics%2C+Inc.&rft.aulast=Sachdev&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-satnews202111-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-satnews202111_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.satnews.com/2021/11/03/2021-aiaa-aerospace-communications-award-honors-pradman-kaul-of-hughes-network-systems/">"2021 AIAA Aerospace Communications Award Honors Pradman Kaul of Hughes Network Systems"</a>. <i>SatNews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SatNews.com&rft.atitle=2021+AIAA+Aerospace+Communications+Award+Honors+Pradman+Kaul+of+Hughes+Network+Systems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.satnews.com%2F2021%2F11%2F03%2F2021-aiaa-aerospace-communications-award-honors-pradman-kaul-of-hughes-network-systems%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-business_standard-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-business_standard_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeam2018" class="citation web cs1">Team, BS Web (11 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/rjio-mulls-to-use-satellites-to-provide-4g-lte-connectivity-in-remote-areas-118091100227_1.html">"RJio mulls to use satellites to provide 4G LTE connectivity in remote areas"</a>. <i>Business Standard India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=RJio+mulls+to+use+satellites+to+provide+4G+LTE+connectivity+in+remote+areas&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft.aulast=Team&rft.aufirst=BS+Web&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fcompanies%2Frjio-mulls-to-use-satellites-to-provide-4g-lte-connectivity-in-remote-areas-118091100227_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-business_today-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-business_today_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/telecom/reliance-jio-to-use-isro-satellite-to-provide-4g-services-in-rural-remote-areas/story/282261.html">"Reliance Jio to use ISRO's satellite to provide 4G services in rural, remote areas"</a>. <i>Business Today</i>. 11 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Today&rft.atitle=Reliance+Jio+to+use+ISRO%27s+satellite+to+provide+4G+services+in+rural%2C+remote+areas&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesstoday.in%2Fsectors%2Ftelecom%2Freliance-jio-to-use-isro-satellite-to-provide-4g-services-in-rural-remote-areas%2Fstory%2F282261.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-advanced_television-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-advanced_television_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2018" class="citation web cs1">Mann, Colin (17 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://advanced-television.com/2018/12/17/yahsat-hughes-finalise-broadband-satellite-jv/">"Yahsat, Hughes finalise broadband satellite JV"</a>. <i>advanced-television.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=advanced-television.com&rft.atitle=Yahsat%2C+Hughes+finalise+broadband+satellite+JV&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadvanced-television.com%2F2018%2F12%2F17%2Fyahsat-hughes-finalise-broadband-satellite-jv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-broadcastpro_me-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-broadcastpro_me_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-broadcastpro_me_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://broadcastprome.com/news/african-telecom-operators-select-hughes-jupiter-system-to-enable-satellite-connectivity/">"African telecom operators select Hughes Jupiter system to enable satellite connectivity"</a>. <i>BroadcastPro ME</i>. 13 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BroadcastPro+ME&rft.atitle=African+telecom+operators+select+Hughes+Jupiter+system+to+enable+satellite+connectivity&rft.date=2018-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbroadcastprome.com%2Fnews%2Fafrican-telecom-operators-select-hughes-jupiter-system-to-enable-satellite-connectivity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2001/02/05/296134/index.htm">"Hughes Hasn't Been This Sexy Since... Thanks to DirecTV, its satellite broadcast service, Hughes Electronics morphed from a defense giant into a white-hot media property. Will Rupert Murdoch get his wish to buy it? - February 5, 2001"</a>. <i>archive.fortune.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.fortune.com&rft.atitle=Hughes+Hasn%27t+Been+This+Sexy+Since...+Thanks+to+DirecTV%2C+its+satellite+broadcast+service%2C+Hughes+Electronics+morphed+from+a+defense+giant+into+a+white-hot+media+property.+Will+Rupert+Murdoch+get+his+wish+to+buy+it%3F+-+February+5%2C+2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Ffortune_archive%2F2001%2F02%2F05%2F296134%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JULKFtt71LYC&pg=PA7"><i>Wireless Satellite & Broadcasting</i></a>. Information Gatekeepers Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wireless+Satellite+%26+Broadcasting&rft.pub=Information+Gatekeepers+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJULKFtt71LYC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2012/10/01/hughesnet-gen-4/">"Hughes updates its HughesNet satellite broadband with Gen4 service"</a>. <i>Engadget</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=Hughes+updates+its+HughesNet+satellite+broadband+with+Gen4+service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2012%2F10%2F01%2Fhughesnet-gen-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2016" class="citation web cs1">Henry, Caleb (29 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2016/06/29/hughesnet-satellite-internet-makes-debut-brazil/">"HughesNet Satellite Internet Makes Debut in Brazil - Via Satellite -"</a>. <i>Via Satellite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Via+Satellite&rft.atitle=HughesNet+Satellite+Internet+Makes+Debut+in+Brazil+-+Via+Satellite+-&rft.date=2016-06-29&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Caleb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Ftelecom%2F2016%2F06%2F29%2Fhughesnet-satellite-internet-makes-debut-brazil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2017" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Kendall (3 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2017/10/03/hughes-introduces-satellite-internet-service-colombia/">"Hughes Introduces Satellite Internet Service in Colombia - Via Satellite -"</a>. <i>Via Satellite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Via+Satellite&rft.atitle=Hughes+Introduces+Satellite+Internet+Service+in+Colombia+-+Via+Satellite+-&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Kendall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Ftelecom%2F2017%2F10%2F03%2Fhughes-introduces-satellite-internet-service-colombia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiofrío2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Riofrío, Marcela Mendoza (30 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elcomercio.pe/economia/negocios/osiptel-intensifica-competencia-internet-hogar-peru-hughesnet-noticia-572700">"Osiptel: se intensifica competencia en Internet al hogar en Perú con HughesNet"</a>. <i>El Comercio</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Comercio&rft.atitle=Osiptel%3A+se+intensifica+competencia+en+Internet+al+hogar+en+Per%C3%BA+con+HughesNet&rft.date=2018-10-30&rft.aulast=Riofr%C3%ADo&rft.aufirst=Marcela+Mendoza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felcomercio.pe%2Feconomia%2Fnegocios%2Fosiptel-intensifica-competencia-internet-hogar-peru-hughesnet-noticia-572700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyirady2018" class="citation web cs1">Nyirady, Annamarie (10 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satellitetoday.com/broadband/2018/12/10/hughes-brings-satellite-internet-service-to-ecuador/">"Hughes Brings Satellite Internet Service to Ecuador - Via Satellite -"</a>. <i>Via Satellite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Via+Satellite&rft.atitle=Hughes+Brings+Satellite+Internet+Service+to+Ecuador+-+Via+Satellite+-&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.aulast=Nyirady&rft.aufirst=Annamarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Fbroadband%2F2018%2F12%2F10%2Fhughes-brings-satellite-internet-service-to-ecuador%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiercetelecom.com/telecom/hughes-to-launch-satellite-broadband-service-mexico">"Hughes to launch satellite broadband service in Mexico"</a>. <i>Fierce Telecom</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fierce+Telecom&rft.atitle=Hughes+to+launch+satellite+broadband+service+in+Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiercetelecom.com%2Ftelecom%2Fhughes-to-launch-satellite-broadband-service-mexico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldteleport.org/news/604301/HughesNet-Celebrates-Three-Years-in-Chile.htm">"Hughesnet Celebrates Three Years in Chile"</a>. <i>WorldTeleport.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldTeleport.org&rft.atitle=Hughesnet+Celebrates+Three+Years+in+Chile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldteleport.org%2Fnews%2F604301%2FHughesNet-Celebrates-Three-Years-in-Chile.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satnews.com/story.php?number=833516889&menu=1">"Satnews Publishers: Daily Satellite News"</a>. <i>Sat News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sat+News&rft.atitle=Satnews+Publishers%3A+Daily+Satellite+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.satnews.com%2Fstory.php%3Fnumber%3D833516889%26menu%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thedailyrecord.com/2022/06/09/hughesnet-named-best-in-2-divisions-by-us-news-world-report/">"HughesNet named best in 2 divisions by US News & World Report"</a>. <i>The Daily Record</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Record&rft.atitle=HughesNet+named+best+in+2+divisions+by+US+News+%26+World+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthedailyrecord.com%2F2022%2F06%2F09%2Fhughesnet-named-best-in-2-divisions-by-us-news-world-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techblog.comsoc.org/2020/11/04/pcmag-study-starlink-speed-and-latency-top-satellite-internet-from-hughes-and-viasats-exede/">"PCMag Study: Starlink speed and latency top satellite Internet from Hughes and Viasat's Exede"</a>. <i>Technology Blog</i>. 2020-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Technology+Blog&rft.atitle=PCMag+Study%3A+Starlink+speed+and+latency+top+satellite+Internet+from+Hughes+and+Viasat%27s+Exede&rft.date=2020-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechblog.comsoc.org%2F2020%2F11%2F04%2Fpcmag-study-starlink-speed-and-latency-top-satellite-internet-from-hughes-and-viasats-exede%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://government.hughes.com/what-we-do/hugheson-managed-network-services">"HughesOn Managed Network Services | Secure Managed Broadband"</a>. government.hughes.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HughesOn+Managed+Network+Services+%7C+Secure+Managed+Broadband&rft.pub=government.hughes.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovernment.hughes.com%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fhugheson-managed-network-services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHughes+Network+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hughes.com/">Official Website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="EchoStar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dish_Network" title="Template:Dish Network"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dish_Network" title="Template talk:Dish Network"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dish_Network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dish Network"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="EchoStar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/EchoStar" title="EchoStar">EchoStar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dish_Network" title="Dish Network">Dish Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sling_TV" title="Sling TV">Sling TV</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(retailer)" title="Blockbuster (retailer)">Blockbuster</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EchoStar_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/EchoStar_logo.svg/100px-EchoStar_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/EchoStar_logo.svg/150px-EchoStar_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/EchoStar_logo.svg/200px-EchoStar_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="63" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Response_Information_Network" title="Emergency Response Information Network">Emergency Response Information Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sling_Media" title="Sling Media">Sling Media</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G4_Media_(TV_company)" title="G4 Media (TV company)">G4 Media</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Cast" title="The Weather Cast">The Weather Cast</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TechTV" title="TechTV">TechTV</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DTVPal" title="DTVPal">DTVPal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_(DVR)" title="Hopper (DVR)">Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PocketDish" title="PocketDish">PocketDish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slingbox" title="Slingbox">Slingbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperDish" title="SuperDish">SuperDish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_I" title="EchoStar I">EchoStar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_II" title="EchoStar II">EchoStar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_III" title="EchoStar III">EchoStar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_IV" title="EchoStar IV">EchoStar IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_V" title="EchoStar V">EchoStar V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_VI" title="EchoStar VI">EchoStar VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_VII" title="EchoStar VII">EchoStar VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_VIII" title="EchoStar VIII">EchoStar VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_X" title="EchoStar X">EchoStar X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_XI" title="EchoStar XI">EchoStar XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoStar XII">EchoStar XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echostar_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Echostar XIV">Echostar XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_XV" title="EchoStar XV">EchoStar XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anik_F3" class="mw-redirect" title="Anik F3">Anik F3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciel-2" title="Ciel-2">Ciel-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimiq_5" title="Nimiq 5">Nimiq 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wireless and internet brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boost_Mobile" title="Boost Mobile">Boost Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_Mobile" title="EchoStar Mobile">EchoStar Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gen_Mobile" title="Gen Mobile">Gen Mobile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ting_Mobile" title="Ting Mobile">Ting Mobile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boost_Infinite" title="Boost Infinite">Boost Infinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Wireless" title="Republic Wireless">Republic Wireless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Direct" title="All American Direct">All American Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Dish_Network" title="Criticism of Dish Network">Criticism of Dish Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Ergen" title="Charlie Ergen">Charlie Ergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dish,_Texas" title="Dish, Texas">Dish, Texas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Co._v._Dish_Network,_LLC" title="Fox Broadcasting Co. v. Dish Network, LLC">Fox Broadcasting Co. v. Dish Network, LLC</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clayton" title="Joe Clayton">Joe Clayton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TiVo_Inc._v._EchoStar_Corp." title="TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar Corp.">TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar Corp.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:EchoStar" title="Category:EchoStar">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:EchoStar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:EchoStar">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="General_Motors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:General_Motors" title="Template:General Motors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:General_Motors" title="Template talk:General Motors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:General_Motors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:General Motors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="General_Motors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions and<br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicle brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GMC_Denali" title="GMC Denali">Denali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummer" title="Hummer">Hummer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrightDrop" title="BrightDrop">BrightDrop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACDelco" title="ACDelco">ACDelco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrightDrop" title="BrightDrop">BrightDrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Performance" title="Chevrolet Performance">Chevrolet Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle)" title="Cruise (autonomous vehicle)">Cruise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEXRON" title="DEXRON">Dexron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Certified_Service" title="GM Certified Service">GM Certified Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Defense" title="GM Defense">GM Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Financial" title="GM Financial">GM Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnStar" title="OnStar">OnStar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_Argentina" title="General Motors de Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_do_Brasil" title="General Motors do Brasil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Canada" title="General Motors Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_Chile" title="General Motors de Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Colmotores" title="GM Colmotores">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Egypt" title="General Motors Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Japan" title="General Motors Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="General Motors de México">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_New_Zealand" title="General Motors New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors#Australia" title="General Motors">GM Specialty Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Europe" title="Cadillac Europe">Cadillac Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/90px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/135px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/180px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="496" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shareholdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(engines)" title="DMAX (engines)">DMAX</a> <small>(60%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Korea" title="GM Korea">GM Korea</a> <small>(77%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRL_Laboratories" title="HRL Laboratories">HRL Laboratories</a> <small>(50%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industries_M%C3%A9caniques_Maghr%C3%A9bines" title="Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines">Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines</a> <small>(20%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM" title="SAIC-GM">SAIC-GM</a> <small>(50%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">SAIC-GM-Wuling</a> <small>(44%)</small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Baojun" title="Baojun">Baojun</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and<br />technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GM_platforms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of GM platforms">Platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GM_transmissions" title="List of GM transmissions">Transmissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_hybrid_technologies" title="Category:General Motors hybrid technologies">Hybrids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_vehicles" title="Category:General Motors vehicles">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of General Motors engines">Engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Straight-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-3">I3</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Family_0_engine" title="GM Family 0 engine">Family 0</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Small_Gasoline_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Small Gasoline Engine">SGE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_E-Turbo_engine" title="GM E-Turbo engine">E-Turbo</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-4">I4</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Family_0_engine" title="GM Family 0 engine">Family 0</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Small_Gasoline_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Small Gasoline Engine">SGE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Family_1_engine" title="GM Family 1 engine">Family 1 </a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Medium_Gasoline_Engine" title="GM Medium Gasoline Engine">MGE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Family_II_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Family II engine">Family II</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Ecotec_engine" title="GM Ecotec engine">Ecotec</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_High_Feature_engine" title="GM High Feature engine">High Feature</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_90%C2%B0_V6_engine#Generation_V" title="Chevrolet 90° V6 engine">Gen V</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/LS_based_GM_small-block_engine#Generation_V" class="mw-redirect" title="LS based GM small-block engine">Gen V</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Gemini_small-block_engine" title="Chevrolet Gemini small-block engine">Gemini V8</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_EV1" title="General Motors EV1">EV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_BEV2_platform" title="General Motors BEV2 platform">BEV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultium" title="Ultium">Ultium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_BEV3_platform" title="General Motors BEV3 platform">BEV3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former divisions,<br />joint ventures<br />and subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Engine_Company" title="Allison Engine Company">Allison Engine</a> <small>(1929–1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Transmission" title="Allison Transmission">Allison Transmission</a> <small>(1929–2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</a> <small>(1919-2013)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Aircraft" title="Atlantic Aircraft">Atlantic Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendix_Corporation" title="Bendix Corporation">Bendix</a> <small> (24%) (1924–1948)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Europe" title="Chevrolet Europe">Chevrolet Europe</a> <small>(2005-2016)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet-Saturn_of_Harlem" title="Chevrolet-Saturn of Harlem">Chevrolet-Saturn of Harlem</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Diesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland Diesel">Cleveland Diesel</a> <small>(1938–1962)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton-Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton-Wright">Dayton-Wright</a> <small>(1919–1923)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delco_Electronics" title="Delco Electronics">Delco Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptiv" title="Aptiv">Delphi</a> <small>(1994–1999)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Motor_Corporation" title="Delta Motor Corporation">Delta Motor Corporation</a> <small>(1997-2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a> <small>(1938–1988)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a> <small>(1994–2003)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-Motive_Diesel" title="Electro-Motive Diesel">Electro-Motive Diesel</a> <small>(1930–2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Data_Systems" title="Electronic Data Systems">Electronic Data Systems</a> <small>(1984–1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_Trucks" title="Euclid Trucks">Euclid Trucks</a> <small>(1953–1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAW-GM" title="FAW-GM">FAW-GM</a> <small>(2009–2019)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Body" title="Fisher Body">Fisher Body</a> <small>(1925–1984)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Metal_Body" title="Fleetwood Metal Body">Fleetwood Metal Body</a> <small>(1925–1984)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigidaire" title="Frigidaire">Frigidaire</a> <small>(1919–1980)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghandhara_Industries_Limited" title="Ghandhara Industries Limited">Ghandhara Industries</a> <small>(1953–1963)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM-AvtoVAZ" title="GM-AvtoVAZ">GM-AvtoVAZ</a> <small>(2001–2019)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel" title="General Motors Diesel">GM Diesel</a> <small>(1949–1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel_Division" title="General Motors Diesel Division">GM Diesel Division</a> <small>(1938–1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Europe" title="General Motors Europe">GM Europe</a> <small>(1986–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_India" title="General Motors India">GM India</a> <small>(1995–2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_South_Africa" title="General Motors South Africa">GM South Africa</a> <small>(1913–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Thailand" title="General Motors Thailand">GM Thailand</a> <small>(2000–2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UzAuto_Motors" title="UzAuto Motors">GM Uzbekistan</a> <small>(2008–2019)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Vietnam" title="GM Vietnam">GM Vietnam</a> <small>(1993–2018)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMAC_Real_Estate" title="GMAC Real Estate">GMAC Real Estate</a> <small>(1998–2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Trucks" title="Volvo Trucks">GMC Heavy Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden" title="Holden">Holden</a> <small>(1948–2020)</small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Holden_Special_Vehicles" title="Holden Special Vehicles">Holden Special Vehicles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Hughes Aircraft">Hughes Aircraft</a> <small>(1985–1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Electronics" title="Hughes Electronics">Hughes Electronics</a> <small>(1985–1997)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hughes Network Systems</a> <small>(1987–2003)</small> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HughesNet</a> <small>(1996–2003)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettering_University" title="Kettering University">Kettering University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maven_(car_sharing)" title="Maven (car sharing)">Maven</a> <small>(2016–2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_City_Lines" title="National City Lines">National City Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUMMI" title="NUMMI">NUMMI</a> <small>(1984–2009)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Venture_Gear" title="New Venture Gear">New Venture Gear</a> <small>(36%, 1990–2002)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexteer_Automotive" title="Nexteer Automotive">Nexteer</a> <small>(2009–2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American Aviation</a> <small>(1933–1948)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuvell_Financial_Services" title="Nuvell Financial Services">Nuvell</a> <small>(1997–2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> <small>(1931–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PanAmSat" title="PanAmSat">PanAmSat</a> <small>(1995–2003)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remy_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Remy Electric">Remy Electric</a> <small>(1918–1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Products_Division" title="Rochester Products Division">Rochester Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terex" title="Terex">Terex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Australian_Automobile_Industries" title="United Australian Automobile Industries">United Australian</a> <small>(1989–1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a> <small>(1926–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Coach_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company">Yellow Coach</a> <small>(1925–1943)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_facilities" title="Category:General Motors facilities">Facilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/224_West_57th_Street" title="224 West 57th Street">GM Building (Broadway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Place" title="Cadillac Place">GM Building (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Building_(Manhattan)" title="General Motors Building (Manhattan)">GM Building (Manhattan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Technical_Center" title="General Motors Technical Center">GM Technical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Proving_Grounds" class="mw-redirect" title="General Motors Proving Grounds">GM Proving Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_factories" title="List of General Motors factories">Factories (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_Building" title="Argonaut Building">General Motors Research Laboratory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_people" title="Category:General Motors people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Durant" title="William C. Durant">William C. Durant</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Barra" title="Mary Barra">Mary Barra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan" title="Alfred P. Sloan">Alfred P. Sloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Solso" title="Tim Solso">Tim Solso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sponsorship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Motion" title="World of Motion">World of Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Track" title="Test Track">Test Track</a> <small>(1999–2012 under all of GM, Chevrolet only since 2012)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_General_Motors" title="History of General Motors">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_companion_make_program" title="General Motors companion make program">Companion make program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_ignition_switch_recalls" title="General Motors ignition switch recalls">Ignition switch recalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motors_Liquidation_Company" title="Motors Liquidation Company">Motors Liquidation Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Motorama" title="General Motors Motorama">Motorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Chapter_11_reorganization" title="General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization">Reorganization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_streetcar_conspiracy" title="General Motors streetcar conspiracy">Streetcar conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers_(UAW)_strike_of_1945%E2%80%931946" class="mw-redirect" title="United Auto Workers (UAW) strike of 1945–1946">1945–46 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_General_Motors_strike" title="2007 General Motors strike">2007 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_General_Motors_strike" title="2019 General Motors strike">2019 strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Utility_Cargo_Vehicle" title="Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle">Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concept_of_the_Corporation" title="Concept of the Corporation">Concept of the Corporation</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors" title="Category:General Motors">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:General_Motors" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:General Motors">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Satellite_communications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Satcomm" title="Template:Satcomm"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Satcomm" title="Template talk:Satcomm"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Satcomm" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Satcomm"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Satellite_communications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">Satellite television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">Satellite radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Internet_access" title="Satellite Internet access">Satellite Internet access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio_satellite" title="Amateur radio satellite">Amateur satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_station" title="Ground station">Ground station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-throughput_satellite" title="High-throughput satellite">High-throughput satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Relay satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transponder_(satellite_communications)" title="Transponder (satellite communications)">Transponder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage_dispute" title="Carriage dispute">Carriage dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sat-IP" title="Sat-IP">SAT>IP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoblock_LNB" title="Monoblock LNB">Monoblock LNB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiSEqC" title="DiSEqC">DiSEqC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Satellites_Automatic_Location_System" title="Universal Satellites Automatic Location System">USALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_Tracking_Satellite_Dish" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish">Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_dish#Motor-driven_dish" title="Satellite dish">Motor-driven Satellite dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_dish#Multi-satellite" title="Satellite dish">Multi-satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_dish" title="Satellite dish">Satellite dish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parabolic_antenna" title="Parabolic antenna">Parabolic antennas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_modem" title="Satellite modem">Satellite modem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_data_unit" title="Satellite data unit">Satellite data unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacebus" title="Spacebus">Spacebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very-small-aperture_terminal" title="Very-small-aperture terminal">Very-small-aperture terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">Satellite radio</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">TV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-SH" title="DVB-SH">DVB-SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-DMB" title="S-DMB">S-DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-RCS" title="DVB-RCS">DVB-RCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S2" title="DVB-S2">DVB-S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S2X" title="DVB-S2X">DVB-S2X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-S3" title="ISDB">ISDB-S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_radio_service" title="Digital audio radio service">Digital audio radio service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcast companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Digital_Radio" title="Astra Digital Radio">Astra Digital Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dish_Network" title="Dish Network">Dish Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM" title="Sirius XM">Sirius XM Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allente" title="Allente">Allente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1worldspace" title="1worldspace">1worldspace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relay satellite companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AST_SpaceMobile" title="AST SpaceMobile">AST SpaceMobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar" title="EchoStar">EchoStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat" title="Eutelsat">Eutelsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalstar" title="Globalstar">Globalstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat" title="Hispasat">Hispasat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmarsat" title="Inmarsat">Inmarsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersputnik" title="Intersputnik">Intersputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_Communications" title="Iridium Communications">Iridium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SED_Systems" title="SED Systems">SED Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SES_(company)" title="SES (company)">SES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianfan" title="Qianfan">Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_One_(satellite_operator)" title="Star One (satellite operator)">Star One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesat" title="Telesat">Telesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooway" title="Tooway">Tooway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrksat_(satellite)" title="Türksat (satellite)">Turksat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viasat_(American_company)" title="Viasat (American company)">Viasat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_Defence_and_Space" title="Airbus Defence and Space">Airbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Defense,_Space_%26_Security" title="Boeing Defense, Space & Security">Boeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INVAP" title="INVAP">INVAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Space" title="Lockheed Martin Space">Lockheed Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSL_(company)" title="SSL (company)">SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_Alenia_Space" title="Thales Alenia Space">Thales Alenia Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Committee_for_Space_Data_Systems" title="Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems">Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETSI_Satellite_Digital_Radio" title="ETSI Satellite Digital Radio">ETSI Satellite Digital Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communications_satellite_firsts" title="List of communications satellite firsts">List of communications satellite firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communication_satellite_companies" title="List of communication satellite companies">List of communication satellite companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_satellites" title="Category:Communications satellites"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Communication_satellites" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Communication satellites"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_service_providers_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_service_providers_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Internet service providers of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_service_providers_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Internet service providers of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_service_providers_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet service providers of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_service_providers_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">Internet service providers of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Cable_Internet_access" title="Cable Internet access">Cable ISP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Cable" title="Adams Cable">Adams Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altice_USA" title="Altice USA">Altice USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Group_of_Companies" title="Armstrong Group of Companies">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astound_Broadband" title="Astound Broadband">Astound Broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Communications" title="Blue Ridge Communications">Blue Ridge Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Stream_(company)" title="Blue Stream (company)">Blue Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breezeline" title="Breezeline">Breezeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadstripe" title="Broadstripe">Broadstripe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckeye_Broadband" title="Buckeye Broadband">Buckeye Broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_One" title="Cable One">Cable One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrum_(brand)" title="Spectrum (brand)">Charter Spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Communications" title="Consolidated Communications">Consolidated Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox_Communications" title="Cox Communications">Cox Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docomo_Pacific" title="Docomo Pacific">Docomo Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_Telcom" title="Emery Telcom">Emery Telcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Channel" title="Full Channel">Full Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCI_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="GCI (company)">GCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargray" title="Hargray">Hargray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediacom" title="Mediacom">Mediacom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midco" title="Midco">Midco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northland_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Northland Communications">Northland Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneLink_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="OneLink Communications">OneLink Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satview_Broadband" title="Satview Broadband">Satview Broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Electric" title="Service Electric">Service Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shentel" title="Shentel">Shentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRT_Communications" title="SRT Communications">SRT Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDS_Telecom" title="TDS Telecom">TDS Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TruVista_Communications" title="TruVista Communications">TruVista Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Open_West" title="Wide Open West">WOW!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xfinity" title="Xfinity">Xfinity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Internet_access" title="Satellite Internet access">Satellite ISP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HughsNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viasat_(American_company)" title="Viasat (American company)">Viasat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Fiber_to_the_x" title="Fiber to the x">Fiber ISP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astound_Broadband" title="Astound Broadband">Astound Broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="AT&T Fiber">AT&T Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati Bell">Cincinnati Bell Fioptics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Telcom" title="Hawaiian Telcom">Hawaiian Telcom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claro_Puerto_Rico" title="Claro Puerto Rico">Claro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Communications" title="Consolidated Communications">Consolidated Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPB" title="EPB">EPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Fiber" title="Frontier Fiber">Frontier Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fiber" title="Google Fiber">Google Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlight_Networks" title="Greenlight Networks">Greenlight Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTA_Teleguam" title="GTA Teleguam">GTA Teleguam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumen_Technologies" title="Lumen Technologies">Lumen Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midco" title="Midco">Midco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEP_Telephone" title="NEP Telephone">NEP Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoscope_Communications" title="Phonoscope Communications">Phonoscope Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonic.net" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonic.net">Sonic.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_Communications" title="Stealth Communications">Stealth Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDS_Telecom" title="TDS Telecom">TDS Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ting_Inc." title="Ting Inc.">Ting Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon_Fios" title="Verizon Fios">Verizon FiOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windstream_Holdings" title="Windstream Holdings">Windstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziply_Fiber" title="Ziply Fiber">Ziply Fiber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/DSL" class="mw-redirect" title="DSL">Copper / DSL ISP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astound_Broadband" title="Astound Broadband">Astound Broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Internet" title="AT&T Internet">AT&T Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CenturyLink" class="mw-redirect" title="CenturyLink">CenturyLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Communications" title="Consolidated Communications">Consolidated Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Communications" title="Frontier Communications">Frontier Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDS_Telecom" title="TDS Telecom">TDS Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon_High_Speed_Internet" title="Verizon High Speed Internet">Verizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windstream_Holdings" title="Windstream Holdings">Windstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziply_Fiber" title="Ziply Fiber">Ziply Fiber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Defunct ISP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apex_Global_Internet_Services" title="Apex Global Internet Services">AGIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Network_and_Services" title="Advanced Network and Services">ANS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_CitiNet" title="Boston CitiNet">Boston CitiNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATMNet" title="ATMNet">ATMNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/@Home_Network" title="@Home Network">@Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodigy_(online_service)" title="Prodigy (online service)">Prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Talk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Talk">Pure Talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas.net" title="Texas.net">Texas.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldWide_Access" title="WorldWide Access">WorldWide Access</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282161#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282161#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282161#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/296183337">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2013009581">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&oldid=1255337525#HughesNet">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&oldid=1255337525#HughesNet</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2011_mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Category:2011 mergers and acquisitions">2011 mergers and acquisitions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1971" title="Category:American companies established in 1971">American companies established in 1971</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_corporate_subsidiaries" title="Category:American corporate subsidiaries">American corporate subsidiaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_satellite_operators" title="Category:Communications satellite operators">Communications satellite operators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Germantown,_Maryland" title="Category:Companies based in Germantown, Maryland">Companies based in Germantown, Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EchoStar" title="Category:EchoStar">EchoStar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Satellite_Internet_access" title="Category:Satellite Internet access">Satellite Internet access</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_companies_established_in_1971" title="Category:Telecommunications companies established in 1971">Telecommunications companies established in 1971</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_companies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Telecommunications companies of the United States">Telecommunications companies of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_General_Motors_subsidiaries" title="Category:Former General Motors subsidiaries">Former General Motors subsidiaries</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_network_service_provider_ASN_using_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox network service provider ASN using Wikidata">Infobox network service provider ASN using Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_a_promotional_tone_from_July_2023" title="Category:Articles with a promotional tone from July 2023">Articles with a promotional tone from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_a_promotional_tone" title="Category:All articles with a promotional tone">All articles with a promotional tone</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 November 2024, at 12:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Network_Systems&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile#HughesNet" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nt2gf","wgBackendResponseTime":176,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.752","walltime":"0.909","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4356,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":194012,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3027,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":218040,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 766.854 1 -total"," 40.61% 311.450 2 Template:Reflist"," 30.76% 235.854 41 Template:Cite_web"," 26.57% 203.721 2 Template:Infobox"," 19.84% 152.146 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 15.86% 121.640 9 Template:Navbox"," 13.22% 101.370 1 Template:Dish_Network"," 8.46% 64.907 1 Template:Advert_section"," 8.46% 64.876 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.26% 63.360 1 Template:Infobox_network_service_provider"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.468","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7562501,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nhjc4","timestamp":"20241122142308","ttl":725821,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hughes Network Systems","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hughes_Network_Systems#HughesNet","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q282161","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q282161","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-02-07T20:14:04Z","dateModified":"2024-11-04T12:04:30Z","headline":"company"}</script> </body> </html>