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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sun_Microsystems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sun_Microsystems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sun Microsystems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sun_Microsystems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nielsen_Norman_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nielsen_Norman_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nielsen Norman Group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nielsen_Norman_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contributions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contributions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contributions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-User_testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>User testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jakob's_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jakob's_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Jakob's law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jakob's_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nielsen's_law_of_internet_bandwidth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nielsen's_law_of_internet_bandwidth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Nielsen's law of internet bandwidth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nielsen's_law_of_internet_bandwidth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nielsen's_usability_heuristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_usability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_usability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Mobile usability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_usability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iPad_(1st_generation;_2010)_usability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iPad_(1st_generation;_2010)_usability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>iPad (1st generation; 2010) usability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iPad_(1st_generation;_2010)_usability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_8_usability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_8_usability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Windows 8 usability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_8_usability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Recognition and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Criticisms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticisms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responsive_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responsive_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Responsive design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responsive_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="جاكوب نيلسن (عالم حاسوب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاكوب نيلسن (عالم حاسوب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Якоб Нилсен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Якоб Нилсен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(inform%C3%A0tic)" title="Jakob Nielsen (informàtic) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (informàtic)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(datalog)" title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(Schriftsteller)" title="Jakob Nielsen (Schriftsteller) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (Schriftsteller)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%A5_%EB%8B%90%EC%8A%A8" title="제이콥 닐슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제이콥 닐슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%A2_%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Յակոբ Նիլսեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յակոբ Նիլսեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83)" title="جاكوب نيلسن (مطور ويب من دنمارك) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاكوب نيلسن (مطور ويب من دنمارك)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(ondernemer)" title="Jakob Nielsen (ondernemer) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (ondernemer)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3" title="ヤコブ・ニールセン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤコブ・ニールセン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen" title="Jakob Nielsen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jakob Nielsen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Нильсен, Якоб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нильсен, Якоб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nilsen" title="Jakob Nilsen – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jakob Nilsen" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(datalog)" title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jakob Nielsen (datalog)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Якоб Нільсен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Якоб Нільсен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE_(%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%98%93%E7%94%A8%E6%80%A7%E9%A1%BE%E9%97%AE)" title="雅各布·尼尔森 (网页易用性顾问) – Chinese" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&oldid=1009799087" title="Jakob Nielsen (usability consultant)">Revision as of 10:14, 2 March 2021</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&oldid=1009799087" title="Jakob Nielsen (usability consultant)">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2021-03-02T10:14:26Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&action=edit&undoafter=1009798992&undo=1009799087" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Joojay" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Joojay" data-mw-revid="1009799087"><bdi>Joojay</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Joojay" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Joojay">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Joojay" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Joojay">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autopatrolled" title="Wikipedia:Autopatrolled">Autopatrolled</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reviewing_pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Reviewing pending changes">Pending changes reviewers</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>36,854</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Criticisms">→<bdi dir="ltr">Criticisms</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tag</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-visualeditor"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">Visual edit</a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)&diff=next&oldid=1009799087" title="Jakob Nielsen (usability consultant)" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 90:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 90:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>As Nielsen's newsletter and website grew, it has been thought that much of Nielsen's work was more about marketing himself than rooted in research.<ref name=":3" /></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>As Nielsen's newsletter and website grew, it has been thought that much of Nielsen's work was more about marketing himself than rooted in research.<ref name=":3" /></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>=== Nielsen's heuristics ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>=== Nielsen's<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> usability</ins> heuristics ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>In 1990, when the Nielsen heuristic evaluation guidelines were created (Nielsen and Molich, 1990), [[user interface]] was less complicated than it is in present-day.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ballav|first=Alipta|date=2017|title=Nielsen’s Heuristic Evaluation: Limitations in Principles and Practice User Experience Magazine, 17(4)|url=https://uxpamagazine.org/nielsens-heuristic-evaluation/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-01|website=UX Magazine, User Experience Professionals Association (USPA)}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Travis|first=David|date=2007-04-16|title=Usability Expert Reviews: Beyond Heuristic Evaluation|url=https://www.userfocus.co.uk/articles/expertreviews.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Userfocus|publisher=The Usability Training Centre}}</ref> There has never been any research-based validation of Nielsen's heuristics.<ref name=":1" /> The [[University of Calgary]] published an article in 2008, questioning if the Nielsen heuristics were an oversimplification.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Maurer|first=Frank|last2=Ghanam|first2=Yaser|date=2008-06-18|others=[[University of Calgary]]|title=Discount Usability Testing|url=https://prism.ucalgary.ca/handle/1880/46645|doi=10.11575/PRISM/30918}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>In 1990, when the Nielsen heuristic evaluation guidelines were created (Nielsen and Molich, 1990), [[user interface]] was less complicated than it is in present-day.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ballav|first=Alipta|date=2017|title=Nielsen’s Heuristic Evaluation: Limitations in Principles and Practice User Experience Magazine, 17(4)|url=https://uxpamagazine.org/nielsens-heuristic-evaluation/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-01|website=UX Magazine, User Experience Professionals Association (USPA)}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Travis|first=David|date=2007-04-16|title=Usability Expert Reviews: Beyond Heuristic Evaluation|url=https://www.userfocus.co.uk/articles/expertreviews.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Userfocus|publisher=The Usability Training Centre}}</ref> There has never been any research-based validation of Nielsen's heuristics.<ref name=":1" /> The [[University of Calgary]] published an article in 2008, questioning if the Nielsen heuristics were an oversimplification.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Maurer|first=Frank|last2=Ghanam|first2=Yaser|date=2008-06-18|others=[[University of Calgary]]|title=Discount Usability Testing|url=https://prism.ucalgary.ca/handle/1880/46645|doi=10.11575/PRISM/30918}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 10:14, 2 March 2021</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jakob Nielsen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg/200px-Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg/300px-Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg/400px-Jakob_Nielsen_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nielsen in 2002</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1957-10-05</span>) </span>5 October 1957<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 67)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Web_usability" title="Web usability">Web usability</a> consultant</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jakob Nielsen</b> (born 5 October 1957) is a Danish <a href="/wiki/Web_usability" title="Web usability">web usability</a> consultant and <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">human–computer interaction</a> (HCI) researcher.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <p>Jakob Nielsen was born 5 October 1957 in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He holds a Ph.D. in 1988 in human–computer interaction from the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nielsen's earlier affiliations include Bellcore (now known as <a href="/wiki/Telcordia_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Telcordia Technologies">Telcordia Technologies</a>, formally Bell Communications Research), the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> User Interface Institute at the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center" title="Thomas J. Watson Research Center">Thomas J. Watson Research Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sun_Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</h3></div> <p>From 1994 to 1998, he was a <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> Distinguished Engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was hired to make heavy-duty enterprise software easier to use, since large-scale applications had been the focus of most of his projects at the phone company and IBM. But luckily the job definition of a Distinguished Engineer is "you're supposed to be the world's leading expert in your field, so you figure out what would be most important for the company for you to work on."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Therefore, Dr. Nielsen ended up spending most of his time at Sun defining the emerging field of web usability. He was the usability lead for several design rounds of Sun's website and intranet (SunWeb), including the original SunWeb design in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-LinkedIn_page_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LinkedIn_page-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (March 2021)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nielsen_Norman_Group">Nielsen Norman Group</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Norman_Group" title="Nielsen Norman Group">Nielsen Norman Group</a></div> <p>After his regular articles on his website about usability research attracted media attention, he co-founded usability consulting company <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Norman_Group" title="Nielsen Norman Group">Nielsen Norman Group</a> (NN/g) of <a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in 1998 with fellow usability expert <a href="/wiki/Donald_Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Norman">Donald Norman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's vision is to help designers and other companies move toward more human-centered products and internet interactions, as experts and pioneers in the field of <a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">usability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h3></div> <p>Nielsen is on the editorial board of <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Kaufmann_Publishers" title="Morgan Kaufmann Publishers">Morgan Kaufmann Publishers</a>' book series in Interactive Technologies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Nielsen writes a <a href="/wiki/Fortnight" title="Fortnight">fortnightly</a> newsletter, <i>Alertbox</i>, on web design matters and has published several books on the subject of <a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">web design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions">Contributions</h2></div> <p>Nielsen founded the usability engineering movement for efficient and affordable improvements of user interfaces and he has invented several usability methods, including <a href="/wiki/Heuristic_evaluation" title="Heuristic evaluation">heuristic evaluation</a>. He holds 79 United States patents, mainly on ways of making the web easier to use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_testing">User testing</h3></div> <p>In the early 1990s, Nielsen popularized the principle that five test persons per usability test session is enough, allowing numerous tests at various stages of the development process.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His argument is that "elaborate usability tests are a waste of resources." Once it is found that a few people are totally confused by a home page, little is gained by watching more people suffer through the same flawed design."<sup id="cite_ref-useit_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-useit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jakob's_law"><span id="Jakob.27s_law"></span>Jakob's law</h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Jakob's_Law"></span> Users will anticipate what an experience will be like, based on their <a href="/wiki/Mental_model" title="Mental model">mental models</a> of prior experiences on websites.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When making changes to a design of a website, try to minimize changes in order to maintain an ease of use.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nielsen's_law_of_internet_bandwidth"><span id="Nielsen.27s_law_of_internet_bandwidth"></span>Nielsen's law of internet bandwidth</h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Nielsen's_law"></span> Nielsen gave his name to <b>Nielsen's law</b>, in which he stated that network connection speeds for high-end home users would increase 50% per year, or double every 21 months. As a corollary, he noted that, since this growth rate is slower than that predicted by <a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Moore's Law">Moore's Law</a> of processor power, user experience would remain bandwidth-bound.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nielsen's_usability_heuristics"><span id="Nielsen.27s_usability_heuristics"></span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Heuristic_evaluation" title="Heuristic evaluation">Heuristic evaluation</a></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Nielsen's_usability_heuristics"></span> Nielsen's heuristics are probably the most-used usability heuristics for user interface design, with 10 . Nielsen developed the heuristics based on work together with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolf_Molich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolf Molich (page does not exist)">Rolf Molich</a> in 1990,<sup id="cite_ref-multiple2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multiple2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the final set of heuristics that are still used today was published in Nielsen's book <i>Usability Engineering</i> (1993). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol><li>Visibility of system status</li> <li>Match between system and the real world</li> <li>User control and freedom</li> <li>Consistency and standards</li> <li>Error prevention</li> <li>Recognition rather than recall</li> <li>Flexibility and efficiency of use</li> <li>Aesthetic and minimalist design</li> <li>Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors</li> <li>Help and documentation</li></ol></div> <p>Additionally in Nielsen's book <i>Usability Engineering</i> (1993) he defined the five quality components of his "Usability Goals", which are:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Learnability</li> <li>Efficiency</li> <li>Memorability</li> <li>Errors (as in low error rate)</li> <li>Satisfaction</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_usability">Mobile usability</h3></div> <p>On January 25, 2010, Nielsen decided to venture into designing a mobile application. He took to the internet as he was stumped how to test the application because he was faced with a strange scenario, the users will initially be novice and then become experts quickly as they will be using the app so frequently. Nielsen was stumped as he compared expert behavior to automated behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iPad_(1st_generation;_2010)_usability"><span id="iPad_.281st_generation.3B_2010.29_usability"></span>iPad (1st generation; 2010) usability</h3></div> <p>In 2010 and 2011, Nielsen wrote about <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> usability issues (specifically with the <a href="/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)" title="IPad (1st generation)">first generation of iPads</a>) and identified problems with touch points that were too small, issues of <a href="/wiki/Discoverability" title="Discoverability">discoverability</a>, and “swipe ambiguity.”<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He expected to see more micropayment implementation (similar to the design of Microsoft's Xbox Live).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, after one year of iPad's release of third party apps, Nielsen saw dramatic improvements and an increase of ease of use.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_8_usability">Windows 8 usability</h3></div> <p>Nielsen has been quoted in the computing and the mainstream press for his criticism of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft's</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> (2012) user interface.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tom Hobbs, creative director of the design firm <a href="/wiki/Teague_(company)" title="Teague (company)">Teague</a>, criticized what he perceived to be some of Nielsen's points on the matter, and Nielsen responded with some clarifications.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent short and troubled history of Windows 8, released on October 26,2012, seems to have confirmed Nielsen's criticism: the sales of Windows-based systems plummeted after the introduction of Windows 8;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft released a new version, Windows 8.1, on Oct 18,2013, to fix the numerous problems identified in Windows 8, and later released Windows 10, a complete overhaul, in July 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition_and_awards">Recognition and awards</h2></div> <p>In 2010, Nielsen was listed by <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a> among 28 "World's Most Influential Designers".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recognition of Nielsen's contributions to usability studies, in 2013 <a href="/wiki/SIGCHI" title="SIGCHI">SIGCHI</a> awarded him the Lifetime Practice Award.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2></div> <p>As Nielsen's newsletter and website grew, it has been thought that much of Nielsen's work was more about marketing himself than rooted in research.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nielsen's_usability_heuristics_2"><span id="Nielsen.27s_usability_heuristics_2"></span>Nielsen's usability heuristics</h3></div> <p>In 1990, when the Nielsen heuristic evaluation guidelines were created (Nielsen and Molich, 1990), <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> was less complicated than it is in present-day.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has never been any research-based validation of Nielsen's heuristics.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a> published an article in 2008, questioning if the Nielsen heuristics were an oversimplification.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nielsen has been criticized by some <a href="/wiki/Communication_design" title="Communication design">visual designers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graphic_designer" title="Graphic designer">graphic designers</a> for failing to balance the importance of other <a href="/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience">user experience</a> considerations such as typography, readability, visual cues for hierarchy and importance, and eye appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responsive_design">Responsive design</h3></div> <p>Nielsen's 2012 guidelines, "<i>Repurposing vs Optimized Design"</i> that web sites made for mobile devices be designed separately from their desktop-oriented counterparts has come under fire from <a href="/wiki/Webmonkey" title="Webmonkey">Webmonkey</a>'s Scott Gilbertson,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Josh Clark writing in <a href="/wiki/.net_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title=".net (magazine)">.net magazine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a>'s Bruce Lawson, writing in <a href="/wiki/Smashing_Magazine" title="Smashing Magazine">Smashing Magazine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other technologists and web designers who advocate <a href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">responsive web design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <i>.net</i> magazine, Nielsen explained that he wrote his guidelines from a usability perspective, not from the viewpoint of implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Nielsen appeared to have ignored the emerging software technology related to <a href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">responsive web design</a>, whereby a single body of code, while requiring more painstaking implementation, can be run on devices of various screen sizes, from mobile screens to desktop monitors.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nielsen has been accused of taking a "<a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">puritanical</a>" approach to usability, and not being able to keep up his usability evaluations in step of technological changes.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3></div> <p>Nielsen's published books include: </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1990" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Hypertext_and_Hypermedia.html?id=7dBfQgAACAAJ"><i>Hypertext and Hypermedia</i></a>. San Diego, California: Academic Press Professional, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-518410-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-518410-6"><bdi>978-0-12-518410-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hypertext+and+Hypermedia&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+California&rft.pub=Academic+Press+Professional%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-12-518410-6&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FHypertext_and_Hypermedia.html%3Fid%3D7dBfQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1993" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v4PkIjEJkmsC"><i>Usability Engineering</i></a>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Elsevier Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780125184069" title="Special:BookSources/9780125184069"><bdi>9780125184069</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Usability+Engineering&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780125184069&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv4PkIjEJkmsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1999" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1999). <i>Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity</i>. Landmark Series. New Riders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1562058104" title="Special:BookSources/978-1562058104"><bdi>978-1562058104</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+Web+Usability%3A+The+Practice+of+Simplicity&rft.series=Landmark+Series&rft.pub=New+Riders&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1562058104&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenSnyderMolichFarrell2001" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Snyder, Carolyn; Molich, Rolf; Farrell, Susan (2001). <i>E-Commerce User Experience</i>. Nielsen Norman Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0970607201" title="Special:BookSources/978-0970607201"><bdi>978-0970607201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E-Commerce+User+Experience&rft.pub=Nielsen+Norman+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0970607201&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Snyder%2C+Carolyn&rft.au=Molich%2C+Rolf&rft.au=Farrell%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenTahir2001" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Tahir, Marie (2001). <i>Homepage Usability: 50 Websites Deconstructed</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0735711020" title="Special:BookSources/978-0735711020"><bdi>978-0735711020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homepage+Usability%3A+50+Websites+Deconstructed&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0735711020&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Tahir%2C+Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenLoranger2006" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Loranger, Hoa (2006). <i>Prioritizing Web Usability</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321350312" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321350312"><bdi>978-0321350312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prioritizing+Web+Usability&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0321350312&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Loranger%2C+Hoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenPernice2009" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Pernice, Kara (2009). <i>Eyetracking Web Usability</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321498366" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321498366"><bdi>978-0321498366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eyetracking+Web+Usability&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0321498366&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Pernice%2C+Kara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenBudiu2012" class="citation book cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Budiu, Raluca (2012). <i>Mobile Usability</i>. New Riders Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321884480" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321884480"><bdi>978-0321884480</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mobile+Usability&rft.pub=New+Riders+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0321884480&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Budiu%2C+Raluca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3></div> <p>This is a select list of Nielsen's published research, which includes: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenLandauer1993" class="citation journal cs1">Nielsen, Jakob; Landauer, Thomas K. (May 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169166">"A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the INTERACT'93 and CHI'93 conference on Human factors in computing systems</i>: 206–213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F169059.169166">10.1145/169059.169166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+INTERACT%2793+and+CHI%2793+conference+on+Human+factors+in+computing+systems&rft.atitle=A+mathematical+model+of+the+finding+of+usability+problems&rft.pages=206-213&rft.date=1993-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F169059.169166&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Landauer%2C+Thomas+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F169059.169166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1994" class="citation journal cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/259963.260531">"Usability inspection methods"</a>. <i>CHI '94: Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems</i>: 413–414. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F259963.260531">10.1145/259963.260531</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CHI+%2794%3A+Conference+Companion+on+Human+Factors+in+Computing+Systems&rft.atitle=Usability+inspection+methods&rft.pages=413-414&rft.date=1994-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F259963.260531&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F259963.260531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1994" class="citation journal cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/191666.191729">"Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuristics"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</i>: 152–158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F191666.191729">10.1145/191666.191729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+SIGCHI+conference+on+Human+Factors+in+Computing+Systems&rft.atitle=Enhancing+the+explanatory+power+of+usability+heuristics&rft.pages=152-158&rft.date=1994-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F191666.191729&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F191666.191729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">Usability</a></li> <li><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laws+of+UX&rft.atitle=Jakob%E2%80%99s+Law&rft.aulast=Yablonski&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawsofux.com%2Fjakobs-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1998" class="citation web cs1">Nielsen, Jakob (1998-04-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/980405.html">"Nielsen's Law of Internet Bandwidth"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nielsen%27s+Law+of+Internet+Bandwidth&rft.date=1998-04-05&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.useit.com%2Falertbox%2F980405.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-multiple2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-multiple2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nielsen, J., and Molich, R. (1990). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces, Proc. ACM CHI'90 Conf. (Seattle, WA, 1–5 April), 249–256</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Molich, R., and Nielsen, J. (1990). 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(March 2021)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://readwrite.com/2011/05/23/the_state_of_ipad_usability/">"The State of iPad Usability"</a>. <i>ReadWrite</i>. 2011-05-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from the original on December 9, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Backlash+against+Jakob+Nielsen+and+What+it+Teaches+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usabilitynews.com%2Fnews%2Farticle603.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>, July 31, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curt Cloninger <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alistapart.com/articles/marsvenus/">"Usability experts are from Mars, graphic designers are from Venus"</a> July 28, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmonkey.com/2012/04/why-jakob-nielsen-is-wrong-about-mobile-websites/">"Why Jakob Nielsen Is Wrong About Mobile Websites"</a>. <i>Webmonkey</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webmonkey&rft.atitle=Why+Jakob+Nielsen+Is+Wrong+About+Mobile+Websites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmonkey.com%2F2012%2F04%2Fwhy-jakob-nielsen-is-wrong-about-mobile-websites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121220220241/http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/nielsen-wrong-mobile">"Nielsen is wrong on mobile"</a>. <i>netmagazine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/nielsen-wrong-mobile">the original</a> on 20 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Nielsen+is+wrong+on+mobile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netmagazine.com%2Fopinions%2Fnielsen-wrong-mobile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2012/04/19/why-we-shouldnt-make-separate-mobile-websites/">"Why We Shouldn't Make Separate Mobile Websites – Smashing Magazine"</a>. <i>Smashing Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smashing+Magazine&rft.atitle=Why+We+Shouldn%27t+Make+Separate+Mobile+Websites+%E2%80%93+Smashing+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smashingmagazine.com%2F2012%2F04%2F19%2Fwhy-we-shouldnt-make-separate-mobile-websites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227171851/http://www.netmagazine.com/news/designers-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892">"Designers respond to Nielsen on mobile"</a>. <i>netmagazine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netmagazine.com/news/designers-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892">the original</a> on 27 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Designers+respond+to+Nielsen+on+mobile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netmagazine.com%2Fnews%2Fdesigners-respond-nielsen-mobile-121892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sitepoint.com/jakob-nielsen-repurposing-vs-optimized-design-feedback/">"Repurposing vs Optimized Design: It's Not a Battle - SitePoint"</a>. <i>www.sitepoint.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sitepoint.com&rft.atitle=Repurposing+vs+Optimized+Design%3A+It%27s+Not+a+Battle+-+SitePoint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sitepoint.com%2Fjakob-nielsen-repurposing-vs-optimized-design-feedback%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227171846/http://www.netmagazine.com/interviews/nielsen-responds-mobile-criticism">"Nielsen responds to mobile criticism - Interview - .net magazine"</a>. <i>netmagazine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netmagazine.com/interviews/nielsen-responds-mobile-criticism">the original</a> on 27 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Nielsen+responds+to+mobile+criticism+-+Interview+-+.net+magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netmagazine.com%2Finterviews%2Fnielsen-responds-mobile-criticism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJakob+Nielsen+%28usability+consultant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nngroup.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1U0GVnwAAAAJ">Jakob Nielsen</a> publications indexed by <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li>Video: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sELOUAmFHjA">Mobile Usability Futures, Jakob Nielsen, Talks at Google</a> (2013), by <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google Inc</a>, on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Greenspun" title="Philip Greenspun">Philip Greenspun</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philip.greenspun.com/ancient-history/nielsen">What can we learn from Jakob Nielsen?</a>", September 2000 (a review of <i>Designing Web Usability</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209023744/http://www.v7n.com/jakob-nielsen.php">Jakob Nielsen Interview by v7n, 2006</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/09/interview-with-web-usability-guru-jakob-nielsen/">another inverview with Webdesigner Depot, 2009</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.techhive.com/article/200491/Reading_On_Paper_Is_Faster_Than_iBooks_on_the_iPad.html">techhive.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/jakob-nielsen-kindle-fire-2011-12">businessinsider.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903084645/http://blip.tv/want-magazine/jakob-nielsen-the-want-interview-3614027">Want Magazine interview</a> (video, 2010)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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