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Chemani</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Halima Chemani"> <meta name="keywords" content="Halima Chemani"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Halima Chemani"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 34</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Halima Chemani</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Effect of Coal on Engineering Properties in Building Materials: Opportunity to Manufacturing Insulating Bricks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Chemani">Bachir Chemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Chemani"> Halima Chemani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of adding coal to obtain insulating ceramic product. The preparation of mixtures is achieved with 04 types of different masse compositions, consisting of gray and yellow clay, and coal. Analyses are performed on local raw materials by adding coal as additive. The coal content varies from 5 to 20 % in weight by varying the size of coal particles ranging from 0.25 mm to 1.60 mm. Initially, each natural moisture content of a raw material has been determined at the temperature of 105°C in a laboratory oven. The Influence of low-coal content on absorption, the apparent density, the contraction and the resistance during compression have been evaluated. The experimental results showed that the optimized composition could be obtained by adding 10% by weight of coal leading thus to insulating ceramic products with water absorption, a density and resistance to compression of 9.40 %, 1.88 g/cm3, 35.46 MPa, respectively. The results show that coal, when mixed with traditional raw materials, offers the conditions to be used as an additive in the production of lightweight ceramic products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title="clay">clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal" title=" coal"> coal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20to%20compression" title=" resistance to compression"> resistance to compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulating%20bricks" title=" insulating bricks"> insulating bricks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10532/effect-of-coal-on-engineering-properties-in-building-materials-opportunity-to-manufacturing-insulating-bricks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Influence of Chemical Treatment on Elastic Properties of the Band Cotton Crepe 100%</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Chemani">Bachir Chemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Halfaoui"> Rachid Halfaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madani%20Maalem"> Madani Maalem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The manufacturing technology of band cotton is very delicate and depends to choice of certain parameters such as torsion of warp yarn. The fabric elasticity is achieved without the use of any elastic material, chemical expansion, artificial or synthetic and it’s capable of creating pressures useful for therapeutic treatments.Before use, the band is subjected to treatments of specific preparation for obtaining certain elasticity, however, during its treatment, there are some regression parameters. The dependence of manufacturing parameters on the quality of the chemical treatment was confirmed. The aim of this work is to improve the properties of the fabric through the development of manufacturing technology appropriately. Finally for the treatment of the strip pancake 100% cotton, a treatment method is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic" title="elastic">elastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing" title=" processing"> processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsion" title=" torsion"> torsion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9532/influence-of-chemical-treatment-on-elastic-properties-of-the-band-cotton-crepe-100" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Theoretical Density Study of Winding Yarns on Spool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Chemani">Bachir Chemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Halfaoui"> Rachid Halfaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of work is to define the distribution density of winding yarn on cylindrical and conical bobbins. It is known that parallel winding gives greater density and more regular distribution, but the unwinding of yarn is much more difficult for following process. The conical spool has an enormous advantage during unwinding and may contain a large amount of yarns, but the density distribution is not regular because of difference in diameters. The variation of specific density over the reel height is explained generally by the sudden change of winding speed due to direction movement variation of yarn. We determined the conditions of uniform winding and developed a calculate model to the change of the specific density of winding wire over entire spool height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title="textile">textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20bobbins" title=" cylindrical bobbins"> cylindrical bobbins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conical%20bobbins" title=" conical bobbins"> conical bobbins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20winding" title=" parallel winding"> parallel winding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20winding" title=" cross winding"> cross winding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16154/theoretical-density-study-of-winding-yarns-on-spool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Survey of Web Service Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wala%20Ben%20Messaoud">Wala Ben Messaoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ghedira"> Khaled Ghedira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssef%20Ben%20Halima"> Youssef Ben Halima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henda%20Ben%20Ghezala"> Henda Ben Ghezala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A web service (WS) is called compound or composite when its execution involves interactions with other WS to use their features. The composition of WS specifies which services need to be invoked, in what order and how to handle exception conditions. This paper gives an overview of research efforts of WS composition. The approaches proposed in the literature are diverse, interesting and have opened important research areas. Based on many studies, we extracted the most important role of WS composition use in order to facilitate its introduction in WS concept. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOA" title="SOA">SOA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20services" title=" web services"> web services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition%20approach" title=" composition approach"> composition approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20WS" title=" composite WS"> composite WS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40923/survey-of-web-service-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Comparison Between the Radiation Resistance of n/p and p/n InP Solar Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazouz%20Halima">Mazouz Halima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belghachi%20Abdrahmane"> Belghachi Abdrahmane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effects of electron irradiation-induced deep level defects have been studied on both n/p and p/n indium phosphide solar cells with very thin emitters. The simulation results show that n/p structure offers a somewhat better short circuit current but the p/n structure offers improved circuit voltage, not only before electron irradiation, but also after 1MeV electron irradiation with 5.1015 fluence. The simulation also shows that n/p solar cell structure is more resistant than that of p/n structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InP%20solar%20cell" title="InP solar cell">InP solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p%2Fn%20and%20n%2Fp%20structure" title=" p/n and n/p structure"> p/n and n/p structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20irradiation" title=" electron irradiation"> electron irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=output%20parameters" title=" output parameters"> output parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7526/comparison-between-the-radiation-resistance-of-np-and-pn-inp-solar-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Impact of the Action Antropic in the Desertification of Steppe in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadi-Hanifi%20Halima">Kadi-Hanifi Halima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stipa tenacissima is a plant with a big ecological value (against desertification) and economical stake (paper industry). It is important by its pastoral value due to the inflorescence. It occupied large areas between the Tellian atlas and the Saharian atlas, at the present, these areas of alfa have regressed a lot. This regression is estimated at 1% per year. The principal cause is a human responsibility. The drought is just an aggravating circumstance. The eradication of such a kind of species will have serious consequences upon the equilibrium of all the steppic ecosystem. Thus, we have thought necessary and urgent to know the alfa ecosystem, under all its aspects (climatic, floristic, and edaphic), this diagnostic could direct the fight actions against desertification <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desertification" title="desertification">desertification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropic%20action" title=" anthropic action"> anthropic action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soils" title=" soils"> soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stipa%20tenacissima" title=" Stipa tenacissima"> Stipa tenacissima</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27655/impact-of-the-action-antropic-in-the-desertification-of-steppe-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Securing Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Utilizing OPNET Simulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20A.%20El%20Shheibia">Tariq A. El Shheibia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Mohamed%20Belhamad"> Halima Mohamed Belhamad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is considered securing data based on multi-path protocol (SDMP) in mobile ad hoc network utilizing OPNET simulator modular 14.5, including the AODV routing protocol at the network as based multi-path algorithm for message security in MANETs. The main idea of this work is to present a way that is able to detect the attacker inside the MANETs. The detection for this attacker will be performed by adding some effective parameters to the network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANET" title="MANET">MANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV" title=" AODV"> AODV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malicious%20node" title=" malicious node"> malicious node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPNET" title=" OPNET"> OPNET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13441/securing-mobile-ad-hoc-network-utilizing-opnet-simulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Influence of Pressure from Compression Textile Bands: Their Using in the Treatment of Venous Human Leg Ulcers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Chemani">Bachir Chemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Halfaoui"> Rachid Halfaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of study was to evaluate pressure distribution characteristics of the elastic textile bandages using two instrumental techniques: a prototype Instrument and a load Transference. The prototype instrument which simulates shape of real leg has pressure sensors which measure bandage pressure. Using this instrument, the results show that elastic textile bandages presents different pressure distribution characteristics and none produces a uniform distribution around lower limb. The load transference test procedure is used to determine whether a relationship exists between elastic textile bandage structure and pressure distribution characteristics. The test procedure assesses degree of load, directly transferred through a textile when loads series are applied to bandaging surface. A range of weave fabrics was produced using needle weaving machine and a sewing technique. A textile bandage was developed with optimal characteristics far superior pressure distribution than other bandages. From results, we find that theoretical pressure is not consistent exactly with practical pressure. It is important in this study to make a practical application for specialized nurses in order to verify the results and draw useful conclusions for predicting the use of this type of elastic band. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title="textile">textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=venous%20ulcers" title=" venous ulcers"> venous ulcers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic" title=" elastic"> elastic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8717/influence-of-pressure-from-compression-textile-bands-their-using-in-the-treatment-of-venous-human-leg-ulcers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Hard Coatings Characterization Based on Chromium Nitrides: Applications for Wood Machining</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Chemani">B. Chemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Aknouche"> H. Aknouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zerizer"> A. Zerizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Marchal"> R. Marchal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phenomena occurring during machining are related to the internal friction of the material that deforms and the friction the flake on the rake face of tool. Various researches have been conducted to improve the wear resistance of the tool by thin film deposition. This work aims to present an experimental approach related to wood machining technique to evaluate the wear for the case of ripping Aleppo pine, a species well established in the Mediterranean in general and in Algeria in particular. The study will be done on tungsten carbide cutting tools widely used in woodworking and coated with chrome nitride (CrN) and Chromium Nitride enriched Aluminium (CrAlN) with percentage different of aluminum sputtered through frame magnetron mark Nordiko 3500. The deposition conditions are already optimized by previous studies. The wear tests were performed in the laboratory of ENSAM Cluny (France) on a numerical control ripper of recordi type. This comparative study of the behavior of tools, coated and uncoated, showed that the addition of the aluminum chromium nitride films does not improve the tool ability to resist abrasive wear that is predominant when ripping the Aleppo pine. By against the aluminum addition improves the crystallization of chromium nitride films. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleppo%20pine" title="Aleppo pine">Aleppo pine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVD" title=" PVD"> PVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coatings" title=" coatings"> coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CrAlN" title=" CrAlN"> CrAlN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25931/hard-coatings-characterization-based-on-chromium-nitrides-applications-for-wood-machining" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Performance of Exclosure in Restoring Arid Degraded Steppes of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadi-Hanifi%20Halima">Kadi-Hanifi Halima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amghar%20Fateh"> Amghar Fateh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steppes of arid Mediterranean zones are deeply threatened by desertification. To stop or alleviate ecological and economic problems associated with this desertification, management actions have been implemented since the last three decades. The struggle against desertification has become a national priority in many countries. In Algeria, several management techniques have been used to cope with desertification. This study aims at investigating the effect of exclosure on floristic diversity and chemical soil properties after four years of implementation. 167 phyto-ecological samples have been studied, 122 inside the exclosure and 45 outside. Results showed that plant diversity, composition, vegetation cover, pastoral value and soil fertility were significantly higher in protected areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desertification" title="desertification">desertification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arid" title=" arid"> arid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pastoral%20management" title=" pastoral management"> pastoral management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20community%20soil%20fertility" title=" plant community soil fertility"> plant community soil fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gestation%20of%20environment" title=" gestation of environment"> gestation of environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10498/performance-of-exclosure-in-restoring-arid-degraded-steppes-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Contribution of Urban Wetlands to Livelihood in Tanzania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Kilungu">Halima Kilungu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munishi%20P.%20K.%20T."> Munishi P. K. T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Happiness%20Jackson%20Nko"> Happiness Jackson Nko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wetlands contribute significantly to the national economy. Nevertheless, urban wetlands in Tanzania have been taken for granted; many have been converted into waste disposal areas and settlements despite their substantial role in climate-change flood attenuation and livelihood. This is due to the lacking informing assessments from a socio-economic perspective. This study assesses the contribution of urban wetlands to the livelihood of marginalised communities in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. Specifically, the study assesses the an extent and nature of change in wetlands in Dar es Salaam City for the past 30 years using the land-use land-cover change approach and the contribution of wetlands to livelihood using questionnaires. The results show that the loss of wetlands in Dar es Salaam is high to extent that will likely jeopardise their future contributions to livelihood. The results inform decision-makers on the importance of wise use of Urban Wetlands and conservation to improving livelihood for urban dwellers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetlands" title="wetlands">wetlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tanzania" title=" tanzania"> tanzania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dar%20es%20salaam" title=" dar es salaam"> dar es salaam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate-change" title=" climate-change"> climate-change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20wetlands" title=" and wetlands"> and wetlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood" title=" livelihood"> livelihood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143567/contribution-of-urban-wetlands-to-livelihood-in-tanzania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Challenges for Adult English to Speakers of Other Language Learners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Zaman">Halima Zaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper identifies real-life challenges faced by non-English-speaking learners. The author focuses on challenges both inside and outside the classroom. A qualitative approach has been applied to conduct the study with two different groups of ESOL (English to Speakers of Other Languages) learners. The author pays attention to the reasons behind the difficulties in controlling the learners’ focus within the classroom. Learners’ lifestyles, motivations, and previous educational backgrounds have been considered while determining the challenges they face within the classroom. Some existing challenges of teaching English to adults have been discussed in this paper; however, the primary focus is to observe those two groups of learners to identify their challenges. In this paper, the author has applied the academic knowledge of her Master of Arts in English Language teaching program to support and strengthen the observation of this case study. The paper ends with a number of recommendations that can be beneficial for newcomers to ESOL teaching and a scope of further exploratory research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESOL" title="ESOL">ESOL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classroom" title=" classroom"> classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20learners" title=" adult learners"> adult learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching"> teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160207/challenges-for-adult-english-to-speakers-of-other-language-learners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Design and Optimization of a 6 Degrees of Freedom Co-Manipulated Parallel Robot for Prostate Brachytherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziza%20Ben%20Halima">Aziza Ben Halima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julien%20Bert"> Julien Bert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitris%20Visvikis"> Dimitris Visvikis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose designing and evaluating a parallel co-manipulated robot dedicated to low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy. We developed 6 degrees of freedom compact and lightweight robot easy to install in the operating room thanks to its parallel design. This robotic system provides a co-manipulation allowing the surgeon to keep control of the needle’s insertion and consequently to improve the acceptability of the plan for the clinic. The best dimension’s configuration was solved by calculating the geometric model and using an optimization approach. The aim was to ensure the whole coverage of the prostate volume and consider the allowed free space around the patient that includes the ultrasound probe. The final robot dimensions fit in a cube of 300 300 300 mm³. A prototype was 3D printed, and the robot workspace was measured experimentally. The results show that the proposed robotic system satisfies the medical application requirements and permits the needle to reach any point within the prostate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20robotics" title="medical robotics">medical robotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-manipulation" title=" co-manipulation"> co-manipulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostate%20brachytherapy" title=" prostate brachytherapy"> prostate brachytherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131084/design-and-optimization-of-a-6-degrees-of-freedom-co-manipulated-parallel-robot-for-prostate-brachytherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Removal of an Acid Dye from Water Using Cloud Point Extraction and Investigation of Surfactant Regeneration by pH Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghouas%20Halima">Ghouas Halima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haddou%20Boumedienne"> Haddou Boumedienne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Peal%20Cancelier"> Jean Peal Cancelier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristophe%20Gourdon"> Cristophe Gourdon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ssaka%20Collines"> Ssaka Collines</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work concerns the coacervate extraction of industrial dye, namely BezanylGreen - F2B, from an aqueous solution by nonionic surfactant “Lutensol AO7 and TX-114” (readily biodegradable). Binary water/surfactant and pseudo-binary (in the presence of solute) phase diagrams were plotted. The extraction results as a function of wt.% of the surfactant and temperature are expressed by the following four quantities: percentage of solute extracted, E%, residual concentrations of solute and surfactant in the dilute phase (Xs,w, and Xt,w, respectively) and volume fraction of coacervate at equilibrium (Фc). For each parameter, whose values are determined by a design of experiments, these results are subjected to empirical smoothing in three dimensions. The aim of this study is to find out the best compromise between E% and Фc. E% increases with surfactant concentration and temperature in optimal conditions, and the extraction extent of TA reaches 98 and 96 % using TX-114 and Lutensol AO7, respectively. The effect of sodium sulfate or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) addition is also studied. Finally, the possibility of recycling the surfactant is proved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20point" title=" cloud point"> cloud point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20ionic%20surfactant" title=" non ionic surfactant"> non ionic surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bezanyl%20green" title=" bezanyl green"> bezanyl green</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156214/removal-of-an-acid-dye-from-water-using-cloud-point-extraction-and-investigation-of-surfactant-regeneration-by-ph-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Long-term Monitoring on Rangelands in Southwest Algeria and Impact of Overgrazing and Droughts on Biodiversity and Soil: Case of the Rogassa Steppe (Wilaya of El Bayadh)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Slimani%20Halima">Slimani Halima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the main problems of degradation of arid steppe rangelands in the southern Mediterranean is the loss of plant diversity and changes in soil properties. During the last decades, these rangelands faced two main driving forces: climate through more or less lasting and recurrent droughts and overgrazing by sheep. In the present work, the preexisting system was an arid steppe with alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima L.) as the dominant plant, which was considered to be the "keystone" species toward the whole ecosystem structure and functioning. Vegetation and soil change was monitored for 45 years along a grazing intensity gradient. Changes in species richness and diversity, in the vegetation and in the soil, enabled to better understand climate fluctuations effects in comparison to overgrazing ones. The aim is to assess the impacts of grazing and climatic variability and change on biodiversity,vegetation and soil over a period of 45 years, based on data from seven reference years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title="biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desertification" title=" desertification"> desertification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droughts" title=" droughts"> droughts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=el%20bayadh" title=" el bayadh"> el bayadh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overgrazing" title=" overgrazing"> overgrazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steppe" title=" steppe"> steppe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172743/long-term-monitoring-on-rangelands-in-southwest-algeria-and-impact-of-overgrazing-and-droughts-on-biodiversity-and-soil-case-of-the-rogassa-steppe-wilaya-of-el-bayadh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Sociolinguistics and Language Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banazzouz%20Halima">Banazzouz Halima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout the ages, language has been viewed not only as a simple code of communicating information but rather as the most powerful and versatile medium of maintaining relationships with other people. While,by the end of the 18th century, such matters of scientific investigation concerning the study of human language began to occur under the scope of “Linguistics” generally defined as the scientific study of language. Linguistics, thus, provides a growing body of scientific knowledge about language which can guide the activity of the language teacher and student as well. Moreover,as times passed, the linguistic development engaged language in a broadly practiced academic discipline having relationship with other sciences such as: psychology, sociology, anthropology etc. Therefore, “Sociolinguistics” was given birth during the 1960’s. In fact, the given abstract is mainly linguistic, inserted under the scope of “Sociolinguistics” and by far it highlights on the process of linguistic variation and language change to show that all languages change through time and linguistic systems may vary from one speech community to another providing there is a sense of vitality where people of different parts of the globe may mutually and intelligibly communicate and comprehend each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20change-sociolinguistics" title="language change-sociolinguistics">language change-sociolinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20context-speech%20community" title=" social context-speech community"> social context-speech community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitality%20of%20language" title=" vitality of language"> vitality of language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20variation" title=" linguistic variation"> linguistic variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20dialectology" title=" urban dialectology"> urban dialectology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20dialectology" title=" urban dialectology"> urban dialectology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15717/sociolinguistics-and-language-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">628</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Modeling of the Effect of Explosives, Geological and Geotechnical Parameters on the Stability of Rock Masses Case of Marrakech: Agadir Highway, Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taoufik%20Benchelha">Taoufik Benchelha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toufik%20Remmal"> Toufik Remmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Hamdouni"> Rachid El Hamdouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamou%20Mansouri"> Hamou Mansouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houssein%20Ejjaouani"> Houssein Ejjaouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Jounaid"> Halima Jounaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Benchelha"> Said Benchelha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the earthworks for the construction of Marrakech-Agadir highway in southern Morocco, which crosses mountainous areas of the High Western Atlas, the main problem faced is the stability of the slopes. Indeed, the use of explosives as a means of excavation associated with the geological structure of the terrain encountered can trigger major ruptures and cause damage which depends on the intrinsic characteristics of the rock mass. The study consists of a geological and geotechnical analysis of several unstable zones located along the route, mobilizing millions of cubic meters of rock, with deduction of the parameters influencing slope stability. From this analysis, a predictive model for rock mass stability is carried out, based on a statistic method of logistic regression, in order to predict the geomechanical behavior of the rock slopes constrained by earthworks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explosive" title="explosive">explosive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression" title=" logistic regression"> logistic regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20mass" title=" rock mass"> rock mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71665/modeling-of-the-effect-of-explosives-geological-and-geotechnical-parameters-on-the-stability-of-rock-masses-case-of-marrakech-agadir-highway-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Image Encryption Using Eureqa to Generate an Automated Mathematical Key</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Adel%20Halim%20Shnishah">Halima Adel Halim Shnishah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Mulvaney"> David Mulvaney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Applying traditional symmetric cryptography algorithms while computing encryption and decryption provides immunity to secret keys against different attacks. One of the popular techniques generating automated secret keys is evolutionary computing by using Eureqa API tool, which got attention in 2013. In this paper, we are generating automated secret keys for image encryption and decryption using Eureqa API (tool which is used in evolutionary computing technique). Eureqa API models pseudo-random input data obtained from a suitable source to generate secret keys. The validation of generated secret keys is investigated by performing various statistical tests (histogram, chi-square, correlation of two adjacent pixels, correlation between original and encrypted images, entropy and key sensitivity). Experimental results obtained from methods including histogram analysis, correlation coefficient, entropy and key sensitivity, show that the proposed image encryption algorithms are secure and reliable, with the potential to be adapted for secure image communication applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20encryption%20algorithms" title="image encryption algorithms">image encryption algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eureqa" title=" Eureqa"> Eureqa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20measurements" title=" statistical measurements"> statistical measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20key%20generation" title=" automated key generation"> automated key generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79042/image-encryption-using-eureqa-to-generate-an-automated-mathematical-key" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Effective Strategies for Teaching English Language to Beginners in Primary Schools in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Musa%20Kamilu">Halima Musa Kamilu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the effective strategies for teaching English language to learners in primary schools in Nigeria. English language development is the systematic use of instructional strategies designed to promote the acquisition of English by pupils in primary schools whose primary language is not English. Learning a second language is through total immersion. These strategies support this learning method, allowing pupils to have the knowledge of English language in a pattern similar to the way they learned their native language through regular interaction with others who already know the language. The focus is on fluency and learning to speak English in a social context with native speakers. The strategies allow for effective acquisition. The paper also looked into the following areas: visuals that reinforce spoken or written words, employ gestures for added emphasis, adjusting of speech, stressing of high-frequency vocabulary words, use of fewer idioms and clarifying the meaning of words or phrases in context, stressing of participatory learning and maintaining a low anxiety level and boosting of enthusiasm. It recommended that the teacher include vocabulary words that will make the content more comprehensible to the learner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective" title="effective">effective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching"> teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beginners%20and%20primary%20schools" title=" beginners and primary schools"> beginners and primary schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33176/effective-strategies-for-teaching-english-language-to-beginners-in-primary-schools-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> British English vs. American English: A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Benazzouz">Halima Benazzouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is often believed that British English and American English are the foremost varieties of the English Language serving as reference norms for other varieties;that is the reason why they have obviously been compared and contrasted.Meanwhile,the terms “British English” and “American English” are used differently by different people to refer to: 1) Two national varieties each subsuming regional and other sub-varieties standard and non-standard. 2) Two national standard varieties in which each one is only part of the range of English within its own state, but the most prestigious part. 3) Two international varieties, that is each is more than a national variety of the English Language. 4) Two international standard varieties that may or may not each subsume other standard varieties.Furthermore,each variety serves as a reference norm for users of the language elsewhere. Moreover, without a clear identification, as primarily belonging to one variety or the other, British English(Br.Eng) and American English (Am.Eng) are understood as national or international varieties. British English and American English are both “variants” and “varieties” of the English Language, more similar than different.In brief, the following may justify general categories of difference between Standard American English (S.Am.E) and Standard British English (S.Br.e) each having their own sociolectic value: A difference in pronunciation exists between the two foremost varieties, although it is the same spelling, by contrast, a divergence in spelling may be recognized, eventhough the same pronunciation. In such case, the same term is different but there is a similarity in spelling and pronunciation. Otherwise, grammar, syntax, and punctuation are distinctively used to distinguish the two varieties of the English Language. Beyond these differences, spelling is noted as one of the chief sources of variation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek" title="Greek">Greek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latin" title=" Latin"> Latin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=French%20pronunciation%20expert" title=" French pronunciation expert"> French pronunciation expert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varieties%20of%20English%20language" title=" varieties of English language"> varieties of English language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15569/british-english-vs-american-english-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Consumer Behaviour Model for Apparel E-Tailers Using Structural Equation Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Akhtar">Halima Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhijeet%20Chandra"> Abhijeet Chandra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper attempts to analyze the factors that influence the Consumer Behavior to purchase apparel through the internet. The intentions to buy apparels online were based on in terms of user style, orientation, size and reputation of the merchant, social influence, perceived information utility, perceived ease of use, perceived pleasure and attractiveness and perceived trust and risk. The basic framework used was Technology acceptance model to explain apparels acceptance. A survey was conducted to gather the data from 200 people. The measures and hypotheses were analyzed using Correlation testing and would be further validated by the Structural Equation Modelling. The implications of the findings for theory and practice could be used by marketers of online apparel websites. Based on the values obtained, we can conclude that the factors such as social influence, Perceived information utility, attractiveness and trust influence the decision for a user to buy apparels online. The major factors which are found to influence an online apparel buying decision are ease of use, attractiveness that a website can offer and the trust factor which a user shares with the website. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-tailers" title="E-tailers">E-tailers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behaviour" title=" consumer behaviour"> consumer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20acceptance%20model" title=" technology acceptance model"> technology acceptance model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20modelling" title=" structural modelling"> structural modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93785/consumer-behaviour-model-for-apparel-e-tailers-using-structural-equation-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Cell Line Screens Identify Biomarkers of Drug Sensitivity in GLIOMA Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noora%20Al%20Muftah">Noora Al Muftah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reda%20Rawi"> Reda Rawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Thompson"> Richard Thompson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Bensmail"> Halima Bensmail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clinical responses to anticancer therapies are often restricted to a subset of patients. In some cases, mutated cancer genes are potent biomarkers of response to targeted agents. There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers that predict which patients with are most likely to respond to treatment. Systematic efforts to correlate tumor mutational data with biologic dependencies may facilitate the translation of somatic mutation catalogs into meaningful biomarkers for patient stratification. To identify genomic features associated with drug sensitivity and uncover new biomarkers of sensitivity and resistance to cancer therapeutics, we have screened and integrated a panel of several hundred cancer cell lines from different databases, mutation, DNA copy number, and gene expression data for hundreds of cell lines with their responses to targeted and cytotoxic therapies with drugs under clinical and preclinical investigation. We found mutated cancer genes were associated with cellular response to most currently available Glioma cancer drugs and some frequently mutated genes were associated with sensitivity to a broad range of therapeutic agents. By linking drug activity to the functional complexity of cancer genomes, systematic pharmacogenomic profiling in cancer cell lines provides a powerful biomarker discovery platform to guide rational cancer therapeutic strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title="cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20network" title=" gene network"> gene network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lasso" title=" Lasso"> Lasso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penalized%20regression" title=" penalized regression"> penalized regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P-values" title=" P-values"> P-values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbiased%20estimator" title=" unbiased estimator"> unbiased estimator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39172/cell-line-screens-identify-biomarkers-of-drug-sensitivity-in-glioma-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Eco-Hammam Initiative: Replicating the FSAC Model for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and Resource Reuse in Dar Bouazza, Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihad%20Chakri">Nihad Chakri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Btissam%20El%20Amrani"> Btissam El Amrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faouzi%20Berrada"> Faouzi Berrada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Jounaid"> Halima Jounaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouad%20Amraoui"> Fouad Amraoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of the increasing water resource scarcity in Morocco in recent years, the use of unconventional resources has become imperative. Although efforts have been made in the field of sanitation in urban areas, rural areas, due to their specificities, such as scattered dwellings and limited accessibility, suffer from a lack of basic infrastructure. This work focuses on replicating the Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock (FSAC) model for the treatment and reuse of wastewater from a peri-urban traditional hammam in Casablanca, specifically in the municipality of Dar Bouazza. This initiative is part of the Eco-Hammam project, which aims to minimize the negative impacts of traditional hammams in terms of irrational and uncontrolled consumption of water and wood energy resources. To achieve this, a comprehensive environmental diagnosis of all hammams in the municipality of Dar Bouazza, our study site, has been undertaken. Then, a feasibility study is also conducted to assess the possibility of replicating the FSAC mini-station to treat the wastewater of the selected pilot hammam, namely, My Yacoub II. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resource%20scarcity" title="water resource scarcity">water resource scarcity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconventional%20resources" title=" unconventional resources"> unconventional resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitation" title=" sanitation"> sanitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=per-urban%20areas" title=" per-urban areas"> per-urban areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20areas" title=" rural areas"> rural areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20infrastructure" title=" basic infrastructure"> basic infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=replication" title=" replication"> replication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse%20of%20wastewater" title=" reuse of wastewater"> reuse of wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20hammam" title=" traditional hammam"> traditional hammam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Casablanca" title=" Casablanca"> Casablanca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Municipality%20of%20Dar%20Bouazza" title=" Municipality of Dar Bouazza"> Municipality of Dar Bouazza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20impacts" title=" negative impacts"> negative impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20diagnosis" title=" environmental diagnosis"> environmental diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feasibility%20study" title=" feasibility study"> feasibility study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilot%20hammam" title=" pilot hammam"> pilot hammam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=My%20Yacoub%20II" title=" My Yacoub II"> My Yacoub II</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176379/eco-hammam-initiative-replicating-the-fsac-model-for-sustainable-wastewater-treatment-and-resource-reuse-in-dar-bouazza-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Effect of Barium Doping on Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Photocatalytic Properties of Sprayed ZnO Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Djaaboube">Halima Djaaboube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Redha%20Aouati"> Redha Aouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibtissem%20Loucif"> Ibtissem Loucif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassine%20Bouachiba"> Yassine Bouachiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouad%20Chettab"> Mouad Chettab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Taabouche"> Adel Taabouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sihem%20Abed"> Sihem Abed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salima%20Ouendadji"> Salima Ouendadji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmane%20Bouabellou"> Abderrahmane Bouabellou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thin films of pure and barium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared using spray pyrolysis process. The films were deposited on glass substrates at 450°C. The different samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the formation of a single ZnO Wurtzite structure and the good crystallinity of the films. The substitution of Ba ions influences the texture of the layers and makes the (002) plane a preferential growth plane. At concentrations below 6% Ba, the hexagonal structure of ZnO undergoes compressive stresses due to barium ions which have a radius twice of the Zn ions. This result leads to the decrees of a and c parameters and therefore the volume of the unit cell. This result is confirmed by the decrease in the number of crystallites and the increase in the size of the crystallites. At concentrations above 6%, barium substitutes the zinc atom and modifies the structural parameters of the thin layers. The bandgap of ZnO films decreased with increasing doping, this decrease is probably due to the 4d orbitals of the Ba atom due to the sp-d spin-exchange interactions between the band electrons and the localized d-electrons of the substituted Ba ion. Although, the Urbache energy undergoes an increase which implies the creation of energy levels below the conduction band and decreases the band gap width. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO doped 9% Ba was evaluated by the photodegradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barium" title="barium">barium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doping" title=" doping"> doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodegradation" title=" photodegradation"> photodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO." title=" ZnO."> ZnO.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167927/effect-of-barium-doping-on-structural-morphological-optical-and-photocatalytic-properties-of-sprayed-zno-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Eco-Parcel As a Semi-Qualitative Approach to Support Environmental Impacts Assessments in Nature-Based Tourism Destinations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Kilungu">Halima Kilungu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pantaleo"> Pantaleo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20T.%20Munishi"> K. T. Munishi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate and land-cover change affect nature-based tourism (NBT) due to its attractions' close connection to natural environments and climate. Thus, knowledge of how each attraction reacts to the changing environments and devising simple yet science based approaches to respond to these changes from a tourism perspective in space and time is timely. Nevertheless, no specific approaches exist to address the knowledge gap. The eco-parcel approach is devised to address the gap and operationalized in Serengeti and Kilimanjaro National Parks: the most climate-sensitive NBT destinations in Africa. The approach is partly descriptive and has three simple steps: (1) to identify and define tourist attractions (i.e. biotic and abiotic attractions). This creates an important database of the most poorly kept information on attractions' types in NBT destinations. (2) To create a spatial and temporal link of each attraction and describe its characteristic environments (e.g. vegetation, soil, water and rock outcrops). This is the most limited attractions' information yet important as a proxy of changes in attractions. (3) To assess the importance of individual attractions for tourism based on tourists' preferences. This information enables an accurate assessment of the value of individual attractions for tourism. The importance of the eco-parcel approach is that it describes how each attraction emerges from and is connected to specific environments, which define its attractiveness in space and time. This information allows accurate assessment of the likely losses or gains of individual attractions when climate or environment changes in specific destinations and equips tourism stakeholders with informed responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20change" title=" environmental change"> environmental change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature-based%20tourism" title=" nature-based tourism"> nature-based tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serengeti%20National%20Park" title=" Serengeti National Park"> Serengeti National Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kilimanjaro%20National%20Park" title=" Kilimanjaro National Park"> Kilimanjaro National Park</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135985/eco-parcel-as-a-semi-qualitative-approach-to-support-environmental-impacts-assessments-in-nature-based-tourism-destinations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> The Effects of the Introduction of a One-day Waiting Period on Absences for Ordinary Illness of Public Employees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ali%20Ben%20Halima">Mohamed Ali Ben Halima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Koubi"> Malik Koubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Lanfranchi"> Joseph Lanfranchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yohan%20Wloczysiak"> Yohan Wloczysiak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article assesses the consequences on the frequency and duration of ordinary sick leave of the January 2012 and 2018 reforms modifying the scope of sick leave reimbursement in the French civil service. These reforms introduce a one-day waiting period which removes the compensation for the first day of ordinary sick leave. In order to evaluate these reforms, we use an administrative database from the National Pension Fund for local public employees (FPT). The first important result of our data analysis is that the one-day waiting period was not introduced at the same time in the French Local Public Service establishments, or even never in some. This peculiarity allows for an identification strategy using a difference-in-differences method based on the definition at each date of groups of employees treated and not treated by the reform, since establishments that apply the one-day waiting period coexist with establishments that do not apply it. Two types of estimators are used for this evaluation: individual and time fixed effects estimators and DIDM estimators which correct for the biases of the Two Way Fixed Effects one. The results confirm that the change in the sick pay system decreases the probability of having at least one ordinary sick leave as well as the number and duration of these episodes. On the other hand, the estimates show that longer leave episodes are not less affected than shorter ones. Finally, the validity tests of the estimators support the results obtained for the second period of 2018-2019, but suggest estimation biases for the period 2012-2013. The extent to which the endogeneity of the choices of implementation of the reform at the local level impact these estimates needs to be further tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sick%20leave" title="sick leave">sick leave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-day%20waiting%20period" title=" one-day waiting period"> one-day waiting period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=territorial%20civil%20service" title=" territorial civil service"> territorial civil service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policy%20evaluation" title=" public policy evaluation"> public policy evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165531/the-effects-of-the-introduction-of-a-one-day-waiting-period-on-absences-for-ordinary-illness-of-public-employees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Culture in Xeno-Free Serum-Free Culture Conditions on Laminin-521</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Albalushi">Halima Albalushi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohadese%20Boroojerdi"> Mohadese Boroojerdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murtadha%20Alkhabori"> Murtadha Alkhabori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Maintenance of stem cell properties during culture necessitates the recreation of the natural cell niche. Studies reported the promising outcome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) properties maintenance after using extracellular matrix such as CELLstart™, which is the recommended coating material for stem cells cultured in serum-free and xeno-free conditions. Laminin-521 is known as a crucial adhesion protein, which is found in natural stem cell niche, and plays an important role in facilitating the maintenance of self-renewal, pluripotency, standard morphology, and karyotype of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Laminin-521 on human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) characteristics as a step toward clinical application. Methods: Human MSC were isolated from the umbilical cord via the explant method. Umbilical cord-derived-MSC were cultured in serum-free and xeno-free conditions in the presence of Laminin-521 for six passages. Cultured cells were evaluated by morphology and expansion index for each passage. Phenotypic characterization of UC-MSCs cultured on Laminin-521 was evaluated by assessment of cell surface markers. Results: Umbilical cord derived-MSCs formed small colonies and expanded as a homogeneous monolayer when cultured on Laminin-521. Umbilical cord derived-MSCs reached confluence after 4 days in culture. No statistically significant difference was detected in all passages when comparing the expansion index of UC-MSCs cultured on LN-521 and CELLstart™. Phenotypic characterization of UC-MSCs cultured on LN-521 using flow cytometry revealed positive expression of CD73, CD90, CD105 and negative expression of CD34, CD45, CD19, CD14 and HLA-DR.Conclusion: Laminin-521 is comparable to CELLstart™ in supporting UC-MSCs expansion and maintaining their characteristics during culture in xeno-free and serum-free culture conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells" title="mesenchymal stem cells">mesenchymal stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminin-521" title=" laminin-521"> laminin-521</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xeno-free%20serum-free" title=" xeno-free serum-free"> xeno-free serum-free</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169207/culture-of-human-mesenchymal-stem-cells-culture-in-xeno-free-serum-free-culture-conditions-on-laminin-521" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Construction of Ovarian Cancer-on-Chip Model by 3D Bioprinting and Microfluidic Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakaria%20Baka">Zakaria Baka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Alem"> Halima Alem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cancer is a major worldwide health problem that has caused around ten million deaths in 2020. In addition, efforts to develop new anti-cancer drugs still face a high failure rate. This is partly due to the lack of preclinical models that recapitulate in-vivo drug responses. Indeed conventional cell culture approach (known as 2D cell culture) is far from reproducing the complex, dynamic and three-dimensional environment of tumors. To set up more in-vivo-like cancer models, 3D bioprinting seems to be a promising technology due to its ability to achieve 3D scaffolds containing different cell types with controlled distribution and precise architecture. Moreover, the introduction of microfluidic technology makes it possible to simulate in-vivo dynamic conditions through the so-called “cancer-on-chip” platforms. Whereas several cancer types have been modeled through the cancer-on-chip approach, such as lung cancer and breast cancer, only a few works describing ovarian cancer models have been described. The aim of this work is to combine 3D bioprinting and microfluidic technics with setting up a 3D dynamic model of ovarian cancer. In the first phase, alginate-gelatin hydrogel containing SKOV3 cells was used to achieve tumor-like structures through an extrusion-based bioprinter. The desired form of the tumor-like mass was first designed on 3D CAD software. The hydrogel composition was then optimized for ensuring good and reproducible printability. Cell viability in the bioprinted structures was assessed using Live/Dead assay and WST1 assay. In the second phase, these bioprinted structures will be included in a microfluidic device that allows simultaneous testing of different drug concentrations. This microfluidic dispositive was first designed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for fixing its precise dimensions. It was then be manufactured through a molding method based on a 3D printed template. To confirm the results of CFD simulations, doxorubicin (DOX) solutions were perfused through the dispositive and DOX concentration in each culture chamber was determined. Once completely characterized, this model will be used to assess the efficacy of anti-cancer nanoparticles developed in the Jean Lamour institute. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20bioprinting" title="3D bioprinting">3D bioprinting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20cancer" title=" ovarian cancer"> ovarian cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer-on-chip%20models" title=" cancer-on-chip models"> cancer-on-chip models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidic%20techniques" title=" microfluidic techniques"> microfluidic techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140635/construction-of-ovarian-cancer-on-chip-model-by-3d-bioprinting-and-microfluidic-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Appraisal of Different Levels of Soybean Meal in Diets on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidation and Gut Histology of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakir%20Hossain">Zakir Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arzu%20Pervin"> Arzu Pervin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Jahan"> Halima Jahan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabeya%20Akter"> Rabeya Akter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel%20Omri"> Abdel Omri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Replacement of fish meal with soybean meal is an effective way to relieve the pressure on fish meal as the supply of this feed ingredient is dwindling and certainly is not sustainable in long term at present levels in commercial feeds. This study was designed to determine the effect of fishmeal (FM) replacement with soybean meal (SBM) in diet on growth, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidation and gut histomorphology of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five diets were formulated where SBM0 contained 100% FM, FM substituted with graded levels of a mix of SBM to replace 25% (SBM25), 50% (SBM50), 75% (SBM75) and 100% (SBM100) of FM. Juvenile tilapia having weight and length of 6.60±0.13 g and 5.42±0.17 cm were randomly divided into five treatment groups having 40 individual each group and fed to visual satiation for 90 days. Diet with SBM was increased significant in body weight gain and specific growth rate in fish compared to the fish fed with SBM100. Fish having the similar weight (74.34±5.41 g) fed the diets SBM50, SBM75 and SBM100 containing higher level of SBM showed significantly longer intestine compared to SBM0. Villus height of stomach and intestine were significantly greater in the fish fed with the diets SBM0, SBM25 and SBM50 compared to SBM100. Muscular thickness was inversely changed with the increasing villus height. Protease activity was increased significantly in stomach, anterior and posterior intestine of fish fed with SBM0 and SBM25 compared to SBM100. In anterior and posterior segment of intestine, significantly higher lipase activity was observed in fish fed with the diets SBM0 and SBM25 compared to diet SBM100. In stomach, amylase activity was also significantly greater in SBM0 compared to SBM100. The antioxidant enzymes including catalase and superoxide dismutase of liver were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the O. niloticus fed SBM100 compared to the ones fed SBM0. These results suggest that the replacement of FM upto 75% with SBM could be possible considering the growth performances, gut health and activities digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in O. niloticus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean%20meal" title="soybean meal">soybean meal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20meal" title=" fish meal"> fish meal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestive%20enzymes" title=" digestive enzymes"> digestive enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-oxidant%20enzymes" title=" anti-oxidant enzymes"> anti-oxidant enzymes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117285/appraisal-of-different-levels-of-soybean-meal-in-diets-on-growth-digestive-enzyme-activity-antioxidation-and-gut-histology-of-tilapia-oreochromis-niloticus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Non-Canonical Beclin-1-Independent Autophagy and Apoptosis in Cell Death Induced by Rhus coriaria in Human Colon HT-29 Cancer Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabah%20Iratni">Rabah Iratni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Husain%20El%20Hasasna"> Husain El Hasasna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khawlah%20%20Athamneh"> Khawlah Athamneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Al%20Sameri"> Halima Al Sameri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehla%20Benhalilou"> Nehla Benhalilou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Al%20Rashedi"> Asma Al Rashedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cancer therapies have witnessed great advances in the recent past, however, cancer continues to be a leading cause of death, with colorectal cancer being the fourth cause of cancer-related deaths. Colorectal cancer affects both sexes equally with poor survival rate once it metastasizes. Phytochemicals, which are plant derived compounds, have been on a steady rise as anti-cancer drugs due to the accumulation of evidences that support their potential. Here, we investigated the anticancer effect of Rhus coriaria on colon cancer cells. Material and Method: Human colon cancer HT-29 cell line was used. Protein expression and protein phosphorylation were examined using Western blotting. Transcription activity was measure using Quantitative RT-PCR. Human tumoral clonogenic assay was used to assess cell survival. Senescence was assessed by the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase assay. Results: Rhus coriaria extract (RCE) was found to significantly inhibit the viability and colony growth of human HT-29 colon cancer cells. RCE induced senescence and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. These changes were concomitant with upregulation of p21, p16, downregulation of cyclin D1, p27, c-myc and expression of Senescence-associated-β-Galactosidase activity. Moreover, RCE induced non-canonical beclin-1independent autophagy and subsequent apoptotic cell death through activation of activation caspase 8 and caspase 7. The blocking of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ) reduced RCE-induced cell death. Further, RCE induced DNA damage, reduced mutant p53 protein level and downregulated phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR, events that preceded autophagy. Mechanistically, we found that RCE inhibited the AKT and mTOR pathway, a regulator of autophagy, by promoting the proteasome-dependent degradation of both AKT and mTOR proteins. Conclusion: Our findings provide strong evidence that Rhus coriaria possesses strong anti-colon cancer activity through induction of senescence and autophagic cell death, making it a promising alternative or adjunct therapeutic candidate against colon cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy" title="autophagy">autophagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteasome%20degradation" title=" proteasome degradation"> proteasome degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=senescence" title=" senescence"> senescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mTOR" title=" mTOR"> mTOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beclin-1" title=" Beclin-1"> Beclin-1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64356/non-canonical-beclin-1-independent-autophagy-and-apoptosis-in-cell-death-induced-by-rhus-coriaria-in-human-colon-ht-29-cancer-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Chemani&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Chemani&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" 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